SECTION A

1. D
1 + 3.3LogN = 1 + 3.3Log(70) = 7
2. C
Range = max – min = 93 – 45 = 48
3. A
The class interval that has a difference of 8 is 45 < 53
4. B
Starting from row 2, column 4 to the right, the only number available in the multiple choice is
04
5. B
In simple random sampling, each member of the subset has an equal probability of being
chosen. An individual group is chosen randomly and entirely by chance, such that each
individual has the same probability of being chosen at any stage during the sampling process,
and each subset of k individuals has the same probability of being chosen for the sample as
any other subset of k individuals. This process and technique is known as simple random
sampling, and should not be confused with systematic random sampling. A simple random
sample is an unbiased surveying technique.
Hence, duplicates are not allowed in a simple random sample. Each member of the population
can only be included once in the sample. If a member could be included more than once, we
would no longer have equal probabilities of selection.

6. A
The sizes of the pizza (small, medium, and large) are categories, so the data is qualitative.
Furthermore, these categories do not have a natural order or ranking (you can’t say that ‘large’
is 2 times ‘medium’, for example), so the data is nominal. If there was a clear mathematical
relationship between the categories (like ‘underweight’, ‘normal weight’, ‘overweight’, for
example), then the data would be ordinal. Quantitative data is numerical and can be measured
or counted. Interval and ratio are types of quantitative data. Interval data has a consistent scale
but no true zero point (like temperature in degrees Celsius), while ratio data has a consistent
scale and a true zero point (like height or weight).

7. D
In statistics, a population is the entire pool from which a statistical sample is drawn. A
population may refer to an entire group of people, objects, events, hospital visits, or
measurements. A population can thus be said to be an aggregate observation of subjects
grouped together by a common feature. This feature is usually the criterion for the research
study. For example, in studying the average height of a group of people, the population would
be all the people whose height is being studied.
8. C
In statistics, a parameter is a value that describes a characteristic of an entire population, such
as the population mean or population proportion. In this case, the 65% female representation
in the university is a parameter because it describes a characteristic of the entire student
population.
A statistic, on the other hand, is a value that describes a characteristic of a sample drawn from
the population. The 68% female representation in the sample is a statistic because it describes
a characteristic of the sample.
So, the 65% is the parameter (a characteristic of the population), and the 68% is the statistic (a
characteristic of the sample).

9. A
A bar graph or bar chart is a chart or graph that presents categorical data with rectangular bars
with heights or lengths proportional to the values that they represent. The bars can be plotted
vertically or horizontally. A vertical bar chart is sometimes called a column chart. A bar graph
shows comparisons among discrete categories. One axis of the chart shows the specific
categories being compared, and the other axis represents a measured value. Some bar graphs
present bars clustered in groups of more than one, showing the values of more than one
measured variable.

10. B
In a perfectly symmetric distribution, the mean, median, and mode are all the same value.
This means that the distribution is balanced on both sides of this common value, which is the
center of the distribution.

11. B
In a distribution that is skewed to the right, the mean is greater than the median, and the
median is greater than the mode. This is also known as positive skewness. Here, given that the
mean (35) is greater than the median (32), and the median is greater than the mode (27), I can
conclude that the distribution is skewed to the right.

12. C
99.7% of all observations fall within three standard deviations from the mean.
The empirical rule, also known as the 68-95-99.7 rule, is a shorthand used to remember the
percentage of values that lie within a band around the mean in a normal distribution with a width
of two, four and six standard deviations. Specifically, it states that 68% of observations fall within
one standard deviation from the mean, 95% fall within two standard deviations, and 99.7% fall
within three standard deviations.
13. A
This is based on the empirical rule, which states that for a normal distribution, about 68% of
the data will fall within one standard deviation of the mean. In this case, one standard
deviation from the mean (65) is 65 - 11.2 = 53.8 and 65 + 11.2 = 76.2. So, 68% of the
student’s marks lie between 53.8 and 76.2.

14. B
Mutually exclusive events cannot occur at the same time. In other words, if event “A”
happens, event “B” cannot happen, and vice versa. Therefore, the probability of both events
happening at the same time, denoted as P(A and B), is 0.

15. C
In a probability distribution, the probability of an event is always between 0 and 1 (or 0% and
100%), the sum of all probabilities is always 1, and the probability of an impossible event is
indeed 0. Meaning that, a probability cannot be negative. This is because probability
represents the likelihood of an event occurring, and it wouldn’t make sense for an event to
have a negative likelihood of occurring.
SECTION B

QUESTION 1

1.1.

STEM SORTED ORDER FREQUENCY

(LEAVES)
3 59 2
4 29 2
5 1679 3
6 344458 6
7 03478 5
8 023 3

1.2. Mean =

=
= 63,3

1.3. Mode - Most frequently occurring observation

= 64

The most frequently occurring mark is 64.

1.4. Median = Middle value when data is arranged in order

64 + 64
= 2

Since the median has two numbers, the solution is to add the two numbers and divide them by half

∴The middle mark in the ordered data is 64.

1.5.

=
= 13.82

𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
1.6. Coefficient of variation (CV) = ( )𝑥 100
𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛

13.82
= ( 63.3 ) 𝑥 100

= 21.83

QUESTION 2

2.1. Upper quartile (Q3) of Organised Data

3 3𝑛
= 4 𝑛 or 4

3(50)
= 4

= 37,5

2.2.

=
= 28.33

2.3. Orders between 20 and 30:

Frequency between 20 and 25 = 8
Frequency between 25 and 30 = 12
Total frequency = 8 + 12 = 20
Percentage = x 100

= x 100
= 40%
The percentage of orders between 20 and 30 is 40%

2.4.
 QUESTION 3

3.1 7 x 5 x 3 = 105
There are 105 different ways to select one book of each type.

3.2 38 = 6561
There are 6561 ways to answer an 8-question multiple choice test with 3 options per question.

25!
3.3 3!(25−3)!

= 2 300
There are 2300 ways to choose 3 representatives from 25 people.

3.4 Number of ways = P(15,3)

15!
= 3!(15−3)!

= 455
There are 455 ways to choose a president, vice president and secretary from 15 students.

3.5
a) P(not E) = 1 - P(E) = 1 - 0.8 = 0.2
The probability of not registering for Economics is 0.2.

b) P(E or S) = P(E) + P(S) - P(E and S)

= 0.8 + 0.5 - 0.4
= 0.9
The probability of registering for Economics or Statistics is 0.9.

c) P(S|E) = P(S and E) / P(E)

= 0.4 / 0.8 = 0.5
The probability of registering for Statistics given registered for Economics is 0.5.
 QUESTION 4
4.1
a) P(X < 2) = b(15, 0.3, 0) + b(15, 0.3, 1)
= 0.035
The probability is 0.035.

b) E(X) = np = 15 x 0.3 = 4.5

The expected number of students is 4.5.

4.2
a) P(X ≤ 1) = b(1, 0.2, 0) + b(1, 0.2, 1)
= 0.184
The probability is 0.184.

b) P(X = 4) = b(2, 0.2, 4)

= 0.031
The probability is 0.031.

4.3
a) P(X < 15) = 0.8413 (from normal distribution table)
The probability is 0.8413.

b) P(13 < X < 16) = P(X < 16) - P(X < 13)

= 0.955 - 0.6915
= 0.2635
The probability is 0.2635.