SARANYA CONCEPT SCHOOL, G.

VEMAVARAM
QUESTION BANK

GEOGRAPHY: 1. RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT

CLASS: X

Learning objectives:

Students will be able to:

*Differentiate between various types of resources.

*Differentiate the categories of land use in India.

*Analyze the role of humans as an important component to promote sustainable development

*Understand the problems of land degradation and find out the solution for it.

*Know the formation of soil and its classification.

*Understand the causes of soil Erosion and its solution.

*Observe objectives of Earth Summits as the outcome of Sustainable development.

*Learn how the issues of land use and soil erosion can be controlled.

*Understands the difference between various types of soils.

Fill in the Blanks:

1. Human beings interact with __________ through _____________ and create

________________ to accelerate ___________________________.

2. At the international level, ___________________ advocated resource conservation for the

first time in a more systematic way in _______.

3. Resources are a function of ____________________________.

4. About ______ per cent of the land area is Plains which provides facilities for
_____________ and _____________.

5. The pattern of net sown area varies greatly from one state to another. It is over ___ per
cent of the total area in ___________ and _________________ and less than _____ per cent in
_____________and _________.

6. Waste land includes ________, _________ and ________ areas and land put to other
non-agricultural uses includes _____________, __________, __________, _________ etc.

7. Continuous use of _________ over a long period of time without taking appropriate measures
to _________and______________ it, has resulted in land ____________.

8. In states like _____________, ______________, _______________and ________________

deforestation due to mining have caused severe land degradation.

9. The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for___________ industry and ________ &
_____________ for ceramic industry generate huge quantity of dust in the atmosphere

10. Alluvial soil is also found in _________________________ particularly in the deltas of the
_______________, the____________, the ____________ and the _________ rivers.

11. In the upper reaches of the river valley i.e. near the place of _______________ , the soils
are ___________. Such soils are more common in __________ plains such as __________ ,
_________ and _________ .

12. Alluvial soils contain adequate proportion of ___________ , ____________ and

___________ .

Q.13. Black soil cover the plateaus of _____________, ______________, ___________,

_____________and _____________ and extend in the south east direction along the
___________ and the_________ valleys.

14. Red soils are found in southern part of ____________________ and also in the parts of
_____________ , ____________, southern part of middle ________________ and along the
piedmont zone of the _______________ .

15. Laterite has been derived from the Latin word ________ which means _______ .

16. _________________ soils are prone due to their position on the landscape.

17. Arid soils are generally _________ in texture and _________ in nature.

Multiple choice:

1) On the basis of origin, resources can be classified as ______ and _____.

a) Biotic and Abiotic

b) Renewable and Non-renewable

c) Potential and Developed

d) None of the above

2) On the basis of the status of development, resources can be classified as ______.

a) Potential

b) Developed Stock

c) Reserves

d) All of the above

3) Which of the following statements is true?

a) Abiotic resources are obtained from the biosphere and have life, such as human beings, flora
and fauna.

b) Biotic resources are all those things which are composed of non-living things like rocks and
metals.

c) Both options (a) and (b) are false.

d) Both options (a) and (b) are true

4) Minerals and fossil fuels are examples of non-renewable resources which take _____ for their
formation.

a) Hundreds of years

b) Thousands of years

c) Millions of years

d) Just a year

5) All the minerals, water resources, forests, wildlife, land within the political boundaries and
oceanic area up to __________ from the coast termed as territorial water and resources therein
belong to the nation.
a) 20 nautical miles

b) 25 nautical miles

c) 15 nautical miles

d) 12 nautical miles

6) The oceanic resources beyond ______________ of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to
the open ocean, and no individual country can utilize these without the concurrence of
international institutions.

a) 200 nautical miles

b) 12 nautical miles

c) 22.5 nautical miles

d) 100 nautical miles

7) ______ are the resources which are surveyed, and their quality and quantity have been
determined for utilization.

a) Developed resources

b) Reserves

c) Stock

d) Abiotic

8) _______ are the subset of the ______, which can be put into use with the help of existing
technical ‘know-how’, but their use has not been started.

a) Reserves, developed resources

b) Stocks, reserves

c) Developed resources, stock

d) Reserves, stock
9) In June 1992, more than 100 heads of state met in ________ in Brazil for the first
International Earth Summit.

a) Rio de Janeiro

b) São Paulo

c) Brasilia

d) Curitiba

10) The Rio Convention endorsed the Global Forest Principles and adopted _______ for
achieving sustainable development in the 21st century.

a) Agenda 20

b) Agenda 21

c) Agenda 19

d) Agenda 22

11) Which of the following statements about Agenda 21 is true?

a) It aims at achieving global sustainable development.

b) It is an agenda to combat environmental damage, poverty and disease through global

cooperation.

c) One of the major objectives of Agenda 21 is that every local government should not draw its
own local Agenda 21.

d) Option (a) and (b).

12) The states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in minerals and
_________ deposits.

a) Coal

b) Gold

c) Silicon

d) None of the above

13) The state of Rajasthan is very well endowed with solar and _______ energy but lacks water
resources.

a) Geothermal

b) Hydro

c) Wind

d) Tidal

14) ________ was the famous Indian freedom fighter who made an important observation about
resource conservation – “There is enough for everybody’s need and not for anybody’s greed”.

a) Mahatma Gandhi

b) Jawaharlal Nehru

c) Subash Chandra Bose

d) Dr B. R. Ambedkar

15) The Brundtland Commission Report published in ________, shared ideas about sustainable
development and how it could be achieved.

a) 1997

b) 1987

c) 1992

d) 1977

16) About _________ of India’s land area is plain, which provides facilities for agriculture and
industry.

a) 43%

b) 53%

c) 34%

d) 45%
17) __________ account for 30% of the total surface area of India.

a) Deserts

b) Mountains

c) Plains

d) Plateaus

18) Land which is left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year is known as
________.

a) Gross cropped area

b) Culturable wasteland

c) Current fallow

d) Grazing land

19) Land which is left uncultivated for more than 5 agricultural years is known as ________.

a) Culturable wasteland

b) Barren land

c) Pastures

d) Fallow Lands

20) The pattern of the net sown area varies greatly from one state to another. It is over 80 per
cent of the total area in _______.

a) Madhya Pradesh

b) Assam

c) Rajasthan

d) Punjab

21)Which one of the following type of resource is iron ore?

(a) Renewable
(b) Biotic
(c) Flow
(d) Non-renewable

22)Under which of the following types of resources can tidal energy be put? (Textbook)
(a) Replenishable
(b) Human-made
(c) Abiotic
(d) Non-renewable

23. Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?
(a) Intensive cultivation
(b) Deforestation
(c) Over-irrigation
(d) Overgrazing

24. In which one of the following States is terrace cultivation practiced?

(a) Punjab
(b) Plains of Uttar Pradesh
(c) Haryana
(d) Uttaranchal

25. In which of the following States is black soil found? (Textbook)

(a) Jammu & Kashmir
(b) Gujarat
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Jharkhand

26. What percentage of our land should be under forest according to the National Forest Policy
(1952)?
(a) 33
(b) 22.5
(c) 31
(d) 30

2 marks Questions:

1.What is sustainable development?

2.How can resources be classified on the basis of origin?
3.Give two examples of Renewable resources.
4. What do you mean by 'international resources'? .
5.How does the contour farming help in the soil conservation?
6.What is gully erosion?
7.Name the areas where red and yellow soils are found.
8.What is Agenda 21?
9.How is over-irrigation responsible for land degradation?
10.What do you mean by bad land?

3 marks questions:

11. Classify the resources on the basis of origin?

12. Classify the resources on the basis of exhaustibility?
13. Classify the resources on the basis of ownership?
14.Classify the resources on the basis of status of development?
15. What are the problems caused due to indiscriminate use of resources?
16.Describe any three features of black soil, alluvial soil red soil ,laterite soil, mountainous oil
and arid soil?
17. What is meant by resource planning? Why do we need resource planning?
18. Explain the steps involved in resource planning?
19. " There is enough for everybody's need and not for anybody's greed"? Explain?
29. Write about the importance of land resources (or) what are the uses of land?
21. Explain the causes of land degradation?
Which soil is also known as cotton soil?
22. What are the factors which help in the formation of soil?
23.Which is called regur soil? Mention any three characteristics of this soil.

5 marks questions:

25.What is meant by a resource? explain?

26.Explain the relationship between nature, technology and institutions?
27. What are the essential components of resources? Why?
(Or)
Explain the role of humans in resource development?
28.What is soil profile? How is soil formed? Explain? Explain with the help of a diagram?
29.Explain the classification of resources in detail?
30.What is soil erosion? What causes soil erosion?
31.Suggest measures that can be taken to control land degradation?
32. What measures can be taken to control soil erosion?
33. Which geographical factors are responsible for evolution of black soil? why is it considered
the most suitable for growing cotton?
34.Distinguish between khadar and bhangar soils ?
35.What is the main cause of land degradation in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh? How can it
be checked ?Explain?
36. "India's vast and diverse size is the most important resource ".Support the statement.
37. Mention the human activities which are responsible for the process of soil erosion?
38.Explain the two types of soil erosion mostly observed in India?
39.What are the main advantages of India's land under a variety of relief features?
4 marks questions
Source based questions:

1.Arid soils range from red to brown in colour. They are generally sandy in texture and
saline in nature. In some areas the salt content is very high and common salt is obtained
by evaporating the water. Due to the dry climate, high temperature, evaporation is faster
and the soil lacks humus and moisture. The lower horizons of the soil are occupied by
Kankar because of the increasing calcium content downwards. The Kankar layer
formations in the bottom horizons restrict the infiltration of water. After proper irrigation
these soils become cultivable as has been in the case of western Rajasthan.

1.What are the two components lacked by dry climate and high temperature?

A.It lacks humus and moisture.

B.It lacks humus and colour.

C. It lacks moisture and colour.

D.It is totally deprived of calcium and salinity.

2. The lower horizons of the soil is occupied by what and why?

A .The lower horizons of the soil are occupied by Terai plains because of the increasing calcium
content downwards.

B.The lower horizons of the soil are occupied by Kankar because of the increasing calcium
content downwards.

C.The lower horizons of the soil are occupied by Bhabar because of the increasing calcium
content downwards.

D. The lower horizons of the soil are occupied by Kankar because of the decreasing calcium
content downwards.

3.What does the Kankar layer formation restrict in the bottom horizons?

A .The Kankar layer formations in the bottom horizons restrict the infiltration of calcium.

B. The Kankar layer formations in the bottom horizons restrict the infiltration of mangroves.

C.The Kankar layer formations in the bottom horizons restrict the infiltration of water.
D .The Kankar layer formations in the bottom horizons restrict the infiltration of air.

4.Which among the following statements best describes the nature of arid soil?

A.Arid soils are generally clayey in texture and saline in nature.

B. Arid soils are generally sandy in texture and non-saline in nature.

C. Arid soils are generally grainy in texture and saline in nature.

D .Arid soils are generally sandy in texture and saline in nature.

2.Agenda-21:

It is the declaration signed by world leaders in 1992 at the United Nations Conference on
Environment and Development (UNCED), which took place at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It
aims at achieving global sustainable development. It is an agenda to combat
environmental damage, poverty, disease through global co-operation on common
interests, mutual needs and shared responsibilities. One major objective of the Agenda
21 is that every local government should draw its own local Agenda 21.

1.What was the aim of signing Agenda 21 by world leaders?

A .Agenda 21 aims at achieving global sustainable development. It is an agenda to combat

environmental damage, poverty, disease through global co-operation on common interest,
mutual needs and shared responsibilities.

B.Agenda 21 aims at achieving global economic prosperity. It is an agenda to combat

environmental damage, poverty, disease through global co-operation on common interest,
mutual needs and shared responsibilities.

C. Agenda 21 aims at achieving universal education. It is an agenda to combat environmental

damage, poverty, disease through global co-operation on common interest, mutual needs and
shared responsibilities.

D.Agenda 21 aims at ending global poverty. It is an agenda to combat environmental damage,

poverty, disease through global co-operation on common interest, mutual needs and shared
responsibilities.

2.When and where was Agenda 21 signed by world leaders?

A.It was signed in 1991 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

B.It was signed in 1992 in Rio deJaneiro, Brazil.

C. It was signed in 1994 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

D. It was signed in 1993 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

3.Agenda 21 declaration was signed in which of the following conference?

A.It was signed at the United Nations Conference on Environmental Protection (UNCEP).

B.It was signed at the United Nations Conference on Conservation of Biodiversity (UNCCB).

C.It was signed at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED).

D.It was signed at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Climate Change
(UNCECC).

4.Which among the following was one of the major objectives of the Agenda 21?

A.The declaration wanted every state government to draw its own global Agenda 24.

B .The declaration wanted every national government to draw its own local Agenda 21.

C. The declaration wanted every state government to draw its own global Agenda 21.

D.The declaration wanted every local government to draw its own local Agenda 21.

3.Black Soil:

These soils are black in colour and are also known as regular soils. Black soil is ideal for
growing cotton and is also known as black cotton soil. It is believed that climatic
condition along with the parent rock material are the important factors for the formation
of black soil. This type of soil is typical of the Deccan trap (Basalt) region spread over
north west Deccan plateau and is made up of lava flows. They cover the plateaus of
Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh and extend in the
south east direction along the Godavari and Krishna valleys.

1.How is black soil formed?

A.It is believed that climatic condition along with the parent rock material are the important
factors for the formation of black soil.

B.It is believed that climatic condition along with the altitude of the place are the important
factors for the formation of black soil.
C.It is believed that climatic condition along with the distance from the coast are the important
factors for the formation of black soil.

D.It is believed that climatic condition along with the population density of a particular area are
the important factors for the formation of black soil.

2.Black soil is also known by which of the following names?

A.It is also known as yellow soil.

B.It is also known as regur soil.

C. It is also known as red soil.

D. It is also known as laterite soil.

3.Black soil is found along with which of the following valleys?

A. It is found along the Godavari and the Kaveri valleys.

B.It is found along the Godavari and the Narmada valleys.

C. It is found along the Godavari and the Krishna valleys.

D. It is found along the Godavari and the Mahanadi valleys.

4.Black soil is made up of which of the

following?

A .Black soil is made up of mineral deposits.

B. Black soil is made up of fine sand.

C. Black soil is made up of rock deposits.

D.Black soil is made up of lava flows.

Assertions and reasons:

1.Assertion(A): Land is a resource of utmost importance.

Reason(R): Land can be used for various purposes like agriculture and industry
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

B.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

C. A is true but R is false.

D. A is false but R is true.

2.Assertion (A):The availability of resources is not the only necessary condition for the
development of any region.

Reason (R):Not only availability of resources but also corresponding change in technology is
necessary for development of any region.

A.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

B.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

C.A is true but R is false.

D.A is false but R is true.

3.Assertion (A): Arid soil is unsuitable for cultivation.

Reason(R): Arid soil is generally sandy in texture and saline in nature. It restricts the filtration of
water.

A.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

C.A is true but R is false.

D.A is false but R is true.

4.Assertion(A): Resources are free gifts of nature.

Reason (R) Resources like soil, air, water are easily available in nature.

A.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

B.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

C.A is true but R is false.

D.A is false but R is true.

5.Assertion(A) Resource planning is an easy process in India.

Reason(R): Resource planning involves planning structure, identification and inventory of

resources across the regions.

A.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

C.A is true but R is false.

D.A is false but R is true.

Map Questions:

1.Mark any 3 different types of soil on the map of India.

2.On the map of India, mark three places where laterite soil is found.

3.Locate the regions covered under Alluvial soil on a physical map of India

4.Mark the Soil type that is formed where the rainfall is low and highlight the region with brown
in colour on the map of India.

5.Mark the Soil type found mainly in hill slopes and highlight it blue in colour

6.Locate and Label the top producer of Rock salt in India.

7.Mark top 5 coal producing states on political map of India

8.In which country 'Agenda 21' was signed in 1992