Metric and Inch (Sae) Fasteners: Maintenance
Metric and Inch (Sae) Fasteners: Maintenance
Metric and Inch (Sae) Fasteners: Maintenance
WARNING
Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death
or serious injury.
CAUTION
Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in minor
or moderate injury and property damage.
On the lift truck, the WARNING symbol and word are on orange back-
ground. The CAUTION symbol and word are on yellow background.
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
General....................................................................................................................................................................1
Threaded Fasteners............................................................................................................................................. 1
Nomenclature, Threads........................................................................................................................................ 1
Strength Identification...........................................................................................................................................2
Cotter (Split) Pins..................................................................................................................................................3
Fastener Torque Tables........................................................................................................................................ 8
Conversion Table................................................................................................................................................10
General
THREADED FASTENERS The diameter of the shank of the fastener is shown
first in the series [M12 = 12 mm, M20 = 20 mm (1/2 =
Threaded fasteners, like bolts, nuts, capscrews, and 1/2 in., 3/4 = 3/4 in.)].
studs, are made to specifications that describe the
mechanical strength and hardness of the fastener. A The number of threads per inch is normally not shown
fastener used in a design application is selected for inch nomenclature and only the UNC (Unified
according to its specifications. Yale® Company buys National Coarse) or UNF (Unified National Fine) is
parts from many countries. Parts that are purchased shown. This number of threads per inch is not shown
because a UNC or UNF fastener has a standard
must be to Yale® Company standards. There are
number of threads per inch for a specific diameter.
several standards used by these countries in the
Metric fasteners show the number of threads per
manufacture of threaded fasteners. Many of these
millimeter.
fasteners are similar, but cannot be used as a direct
replacement. To make sure that you have the correct The length of the shank is often indicated as part of
fastener, order fasteners and parts through the Yale® the description of a fastener. This length is shown in
Parts Depot. inches for inch fasteners and in millimeters for metric
fasteners.
Service persons must use replacement fasteners that
have the same specifications. Fasteners made to each A capscrew will have the following description:
specification have identification marks for that
specification. This specification is commonly called Metric Inch
"Grade" for SAE standards and "property class" for M12 × 1.75 × 50 1/2 × 13 UNC × 1-1/2
metric standards. This section describes the
identification of some common fasteners. ABC ABCD
A = Thread Size A = Shank Diameter
The metric system used by Yale® Company is
described as SI (Le Systeme d'Unites or the B = Pitch B = Number of Threads Per
International System of units, also called SI in all Unit of Length
languages). The SI System of measurement is C = Length C = type of Thread
described in ISO Standard 1000, 1973. A conversion
table of common measurements is shown in Table 7. D = Shank Length
NOMENCLATURE, THREADS
The thread design is specified by a series of numbers
and letters for inch and metric fasteners. See Figure 1.
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General 8000 YRM 0231
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8000 YRM 0231 General
COTTER (SPLIT) PINS Unless otherwise specified, the legs of chain anchor
cotter (split) pins are to be bent against the pin. See
Cotter (split) pins are used in many applications on Figure 3.
your forklift. They are typically used to retain parts
such as pins and nuts. Cotter (split) pins are typically
not used as load-bearing members. Service personnel
must use new cotter (split) pins. Do not reuse a cotter
(split) pin. Replacement cotter (split) pin must be of the
correct size. See Table 8.
The legs of a cotter (split) pin are bent for the following
reasons:
• To retain the cotter (split) pin in the part
• To provide clearance between the cotter pin
legs and other parts or members. One or both
cotter (split) pin legs must be bent to provide a
minimum 90° angle between the legs. See
Figure 2.
1. COTTER PIN
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General 8000 YRM 0231
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8000 YRM 0231 General
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General 8000 YRM 0231
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8000 YRM 0231 General
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General 8000 YRM 0231
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8000 YRM 0231 General
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General 8000 YRM 0231
CONVERSION TABLE
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8000 YRM 0231 General
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General 8000 YRM 0231
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8000 YRM 0231 General
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General 8000 YRM 0231
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8000 YRM 0231 General
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8000 YRM 0231 3/20 (2/20)(12/18)(8/16)(10/15)(3/15)