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    4 - High Accuracy Voltage Followers

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    Cumedo
    ASL F18 bridge information part 4

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    4 - High Accuracy Voltage Followers

    Uploaded by

    Cumedo
    3 views3 pages
    ASL F18 bridge information part 4

    Original Title

    4_High accuracy voltage followers

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    ASL F18 bridge information part 4

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    3 views3 pages

    4 - High Accuracy Voltage Followers

    Uploaded by

    Cumedo
    ASL F18 bridge information part 4

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    ASL F18 circuits

    4. High accuracy voltage followers

    The F18 employs a pair of high accuracy voltage followers (HAVF) [1], each consisting of a three-stage high gain
    block [2]. The input voltages are from the reference resistor via the voltage sensing leads (RS (V)). The outputs
    drive the energising windings of the ratio transformer.

    Caution: Each HAVF has its own “floating” power supply (FPSU). This is a slight misnomer as the circuit
    “drives” the PSU to follow the input voltage.

    Do not connect the “0V” of an HAVF supply to earth (e.g. via a ‘scope probe)

    The output of each follower is thus the “0V” of the floating PSU. The circuit is quite subtle, best understood by
    following the path of currents during a positive half cycle. In the case of energising winding EW1 the current flows
    via a simulated large capacitor (Sim Cap) and the main PSU 0V connection [3]. The currents divide at PN5 and
    then recombine at TP10: -

    HAVF1 FPSU1
    TP5 Connector
    JF1
    Outer VC
    PN5
    2 I1+I2
    IB
    V1 I1
    I2
    C23
    RS EW1
    10nF
    R19 C24
    V2 R20 100R 100nF EW2
    22R
    Sim Cap
    0V I1+I2
    (VE) I1 5 0V
    Inner
    TP10
    8 I2

    HAVF2
    PN10
    FPSU2
    Fig. 4.1 HAVF outline schematic

    The followers also produce a signal, VC, at test point TP5, proportional to the total current through the transformer
    primaries. The result is a signal at the output of HGB1 which is normally connected to 0V. Fortunately there is
    sufficient open loop gain, within the HGB, so that the difference at the inputs remains negligible. Test points 5 and
    10 (main PSU 0V) provide convenient points for connecting a ‘scope probe for monitoring the current (AC
    and DC components). The floating PSU connections, via connector JF1, are: -

    HAVF1 HAVF2
    +15V 0V -15V +15V 0V -15V
    1 2 3 7 8 9

    1. Part 4, monograph 2: “High accuracy voltage followers”.


    2. Part 4, monograph 1: “High gain blocks”.
    3. See section 6.
    1
    ASL F18 circuits
    The high gain blocks are third order [1] with a low noise front end (see fig. 4.3): -

    1st OPI TP4/TP9 C5/C16


    2nd OPI
    RW See fig. 4.4 TP3/TP8 1nF TP5/TP10
    IC2/IC5
    C3/C14 R9/R18
    LF356 C4/C15
    150nF 3k9
    3n3
    V1/V2
    IC3/IC6
    LF356
    R5/R14 R35/R70
    100R 4k7
    C Ref. amp
    PN1/PN16 A
    FPSU 0V
    EW2 B PN5/PN10 EW1
    PN4/PN9
    Fig. 4.2 Outline schematic of HGB for each HAVF

    The first component reference applies to HAVF1, the second to HAVF2.

    All diodes are 1N4148

    Front end (first OPI) diodes: D3 & D4/D9 & D10.

    Second OPI diodes: D5 & D6/D11 & D12.

    EW1 and EW2 refer to the energising windings, RW to the ratio winding.

    The order of connections to the ratio transformer is important;


    Despite the fact that the pins are connected by short PCB tracks.

    The floating power supply (FPSU) “0V” arrives at point C from which the connection to the first energising
    winding (EW1) is taken. The high current required to drive the majority of flux is thus prevented from flowing
    through the connection to points B and A. The relatively small current to drive the second energising winding
    (EW2) is taken from point A. The connection, to the ratio winding (RW) primary, is taken from the inputs of the
    HAVFs.

    The HAVF outputs also provide a low impedance source of the reference voltage, VS, which goes to the reference
    amplifier (see fig. 3.5.1) for the phase reference circuit and quadrature servo.

    The connections to the ratio transformer and reference amplifier must be twisted pairs.

    1. Part 4, monograph 1: “High gain blocks”.

    2
    ASL F18 circuits

    VR1/VR2
    +15V
    220R
    0V

    R1/R10 R2/R11 -15V


    47k TP1/TP6 47k
    C2/C13 FPSU
    330nF TP3/TP8
    TP2/TP7

    R3/R12
    R6/R15 C3/C14
    470R
    VIN 6k8 150nF IC1/IC4
    LF356
    TR1/TR3
    C1/C12 LM394
    3n3

    To FPSU “0V” R5/R14


    100R All diodes 1N4148
    T2/T4
    BC109
    To EW2
    R4/R13 R7/R16
    PN4/PN5 36k 8k2

    Fig. 4.3 HAVF1/HAVF2 low noise front end (one-plus-integrator)

    The first component reference applies to HAVF1, the second to HAVF2.

    Diodes protecting TR1/TR3: D1 & D2/D7 & D8.

    Diodes in parallel with C3/C14: D3 & D4/D9 & D10

    For more theory see [1].

    1. Part 5, monograph 2: “Low noise BJT preamps”.


    3

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