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    Introduction To Protein Metabolism

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    suchethamalipatil2005

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    Introduction To Protein Metabolism

    Uploaded by

    suchethamalipatil2005
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    Original Title

    Introduction to Protein Metabolism (1)

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    5 views8 pages

    Introduction To Protein Metabolism

    Uploaded by

    suchethamalipatil2005

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    Introduction to

    Protein Metabolism
    Proteins are essential macromolecules that play crucial roles in the
    structure and function of our cells. Protein metabolism encompasses the
    processes of synthesis, folding, modification, and degradation that allow
    proteins to carry out their diverse biological functions.

    NJ by Nayananjali JT
    Amino Acids: The Building
    Blocks of Proteins

    1 20 Standard Amino 2 Diverse Properties


    Acids Amino acids vary in size,
    Proteins are composed of 20 charge, polarity, and other
    different amino acids that are physical-chemical properties,
    linked together in specific allowing proteins to adopt
    sequences. complex 3D structures.

    3 Essential vs. Non-essential


    Some amino acids must be obtained from the diet, while others can
    be synthesized by the body.
    Protein Synthesis: From
    Transcription to Translation

    1 Transcription
    DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which carries the genetic
    code to the ribosome.

    2 tRNA Binding
    Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) carry specific amino acids and bind
    to the mRNA sequence.

    3 Translation
    Ribosomes assemble the amino acids into a polypeptide
    chain, forming the nascent protein.
    Protein Folding and Post-Translational
    Modifications
    Protein Folding Post-Translational Modifications

    Newly synthesized proteins must fold into their unique 3D Proteins can undergo various chemical changes after
    structures to be functional. This process is aided by translation, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and
    chaperone proteins. glycosylation, to regulate their activity and localization.
    Protein Degradation and Recycling
    1 2 3

    Ubiquitination Proteasome Recycling


    Proteins targeted for degradation are The proteasome complex breaks The released amino acids can then be
    marked with ubiquitin tags. down these tagged proteins into used to synthesize new proteins.
    amino acids.
    Regulation of Protein Metabolism
    Transcriptional Control Translational Control Post-translational Control
    The expression of genes encoding The efficiency of protein synthesis Protein activity, localization, and
    proteins can be regulated by can be modulated by riboswitches, stability can be fine-tuned through
    transcription factors and epigenetic small RNAs, and other regulatory various post-translational
    mechanisms. elements. modifications.
    Factors Affecting Protein
    Metabolism

    Nutrition
    The availability of amino acids, vitamins, and other nutrients can impact
    protein synthesis and turnover.

    Physical Activity
    Exercise can stimulate the synthesis of muscle proteins and alter the
    expression of metabolic enzymes.

    Hormones
    Hormones like insulin, glucagon, and thyroid hormones can regulate
    various aspects of protein metabolism.
    Importance of Protein
    Metabolism in Health and
    Disease
    Muscle Growth and Repair Proper protein metabolism is
    essential for building and
    maintaining muscle mass.

    Immune Function Proteins play critical roles in the


    structure and function of the
    immune system.

    Metabolic Disorders Dysregulation of protein


    metabolism can contribute to
    conditions like diabetes, liver
    disease, and neurodegenerative
    disorders.

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