Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Dr. Moamer Gabsa

BDS,DRM, DCL
,MSc Anatomy,MPHE,P1DPH
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 Objectives
By the end of this lecture you can able to :
• Define the dental anatomy.
• Describe the type of dentation.
• Identify the layers of tooth.
• Describe the dental anatomy terms
• Describe the surface of tooth.

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Lecture Map
• Definition of dental anatomy.
• Types of dentation.
• Layers of tooth.
• Dental anatomy terms.
• Surfaces of tooth.
• Tooth divisions.

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 Dental anatomy
Study of the:
• Development
• Morphology
• Function
• Identity
of each of the teeth in the human dentitions, as well as the way in which the
teeth relate in shape, form, structure, color, and function to the other teeth in
the same dental arch and to the teeth in the opposing arch.

The study of dental anatomy, physiology, and occlusion

provides one of the basic components of the skills needed to
practice all phases of dentistry.
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Lecture Map
• Definition of dental anatomy.
• Types of dentation.
• Layers of tooth.
• Dental anatomy terms
• Surfaces of tooth.
• Tooth divisions.

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 Types of Dentition

• Humans have two sets of teeth

in their lifetime
• Deciduous
• Permanent
• Dentition define as normal
teeth in oral cavity

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 Classification of Dentition

Anatomical Clinical

Deciduous Permanent Deciduous Permanent

Mixed

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 Deciduous teeth

1. Deciduous (baby) teeth

. Twenty ( 20) primary teeth.
. Arches - maxillary and mandibular.
. Quadrants - each arch divided in half.
(1) Maxillary right and left.
(2) Mandibular right and left.

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 Deciduous teeth

. Teeth in each quadrant.

(1) Central incisor
(2) Lateral incisor
(3) Canine
(4) 1st molar
(5) 2nd molar

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 Deciduous teeth

Deciduous Teeth classified according to their position into :

. Anterior and posterior teeth.

(1) Anterior - centrals, laterals,
and canine.
(2) Posterior - molars.

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 Permanent Teeth

2.Permanent teeth
a. Thirty-two (32) permanent teeth.
b. Arches - maxillary R L
& mandibular.

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 Permanent Teeth

c. Quadrants.
(1) Maxillary right and left.
(2) Mandibular right and left. R L

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 Permanent Teeth

Teeth in each quadrant.

(1) Central incisor.
(2) Lateral incisor.
(3) canine.

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 Permanent Teeth

(4) 1st premolar

(5) 2nd premolar
(6) 1st molar
(7) 2nd molar
(8) 3rd molar
(wisdom tooth)

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 Permanent Teeth

Anterior and posterior teeth.

(1) Anterior - central,
lateral and canine .
(2) Posteriors – premolar
and molars.

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Lecture Map
• Definition of dental anatomy.
• Types of dentation.
• Layers of tooth.
• Dental anatomy terms
• Surfaces of tooth.
• Tooth divisions.
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layers of tooth

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 Layers of tooth
Tooth composed of 4 types of layers:
1- Enamel
2- Dentin
3- Cementum
4- Pulp

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 Layers of tooth- Enamel

1.Enamel
- Makes up anatomic crown.
- Hardest material in the human body.
- Incapable of remodeling and repair.

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 Enamel

Layers of tooth
Enamel

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 Layers of tooth- Dentin
2.Dentin
- Makes up bulk of tooth.
- Covered by enamel on crown and cementum on the root.
- Not as hard as enamel.
- Exposed dentin is often sensitive to cold, hot, air, and
touch (via dentinal tubules).

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 Enamel
Dentin
Dentinal
Layers of tooth Tubules
Dentin

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 Layers of tooth- Cementum
3. Cementum
- Covers anatomical root of tooth.
- Overlies the dentin and joins the enamel at the
cemento-enamel junction (CEJ).
- Primary function is to anchor the tooth to the bony
socket with attachment fibers.

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 Cementum

Layers of tooth
Cementum
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 Layers of tooth- Pulp

4. Pulp
- Made up of blood vessels and nerves
entering through the apical foramen.
- Contains connective tissue, which aids
interchange between pulp and dentin.

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 Enamel
Dentin
Dentinal
Tubules
Cementum
Pulp

Layers of tooth
Pulp
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Lecture Map
• Definition of dental anatomy.
• Types of dentation.
• Layers of tooth.
• Dental anatomy terms.
• Surfaces of tooth.
• Tooth divisions.
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Dental anatomy terms
➢Terms related to dental Structures
➢Terms related to Supporting Structures
➢Terms related to crown elevations
➢Terms related to crown depressions

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Terms related to dental Structures

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 Terms related to dental Structures

Anatomical crown:
portion of tooth covered with enamel
Anatomic
crown

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Clinical crown
Visible part of tooth above the gum line.
The clinical crown may, or may not, correspond to the
anatomical crown, depending on the level of the tooth's
investing soft tissue, and so may also include a portion of
the anatomical root.

Clinical Anatomical
crown crown

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 Terms related to dental Structures

Anatomical root portion of the tooth

which is covered with cementum.

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 Terms related to dental Structures

Clinical root portion of the tooth

which is not visible in the mouth.

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Terms related to dental Structures

Apex
Tapered end of root tip.
Apical foramen
Opening at the root tip.

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 Terms related to dental Structures
Cervical line the identifiable line around the
external surface of a tooth where the enamel
and cementum meet. It is also called the
cemento-enamel junction CEJ.
• The cervical line separates the anatomical
crown and the anatomical root, and is a
constant entity.
• Its location is in the general area of the
tooth spoken of as the neck or cervix.

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Pulp Cavity the internal cavity of a tooth which
contains the pulp.
It consists of the following entities:
a. Pulp canal (s) portion of the pulp cavity
which is located in the root(s) of the tooth and
may also be called the root canal (s).
b. Pulp chamber enlarged portion of the pulp
cavity which is found mostly in the anatomical
crown of the tooth.
c. Pulp horns pointed incisal or occlusal
elongations of the pulp chamber which often
correspond to the cusps, or lobes of the teeth
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References
• Moamer Gabsa, Gabsa lecture Note, 1st edition 2016
• James L Fuller, Concise dental anatomy and morphology, 4th
edition 2004

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