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    Color Variations of Feces: Yellow

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    Rhea Joy Laxamana
    Types 1-4 of feces indicate levels of constipation or ease of passing, with types 3 and 4 being optimal. Types 5-7 are associated with increasing diarrhea or urgency. Feces color can indicate various conditions - yellow may signal giardiasis or Gilbert's syndrome, black could mean bleeding in the digestive tract, and blue may result from medication or food dyes. Silver-colored feces can suggest biliary obstruction combined with bleeding, or cancer of the ampulla of Vater. Diarrhea is caused by pathogens that prevent normal water reabsorption in the intestines.

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    Color Variations of Feces: Yellow

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    Rhea Joy Laxamana
    78 views3 pages
    Types 1-4 of feces indicate levels of constipation or ease of passing, with types 3 and 4 being optimal. Types 5-7 are associated with increasing diarrhea or urgency. Feces color can indicate various conditions - yellow may signal giardiasis or Gilbert's syndrome, black could mean bleeding in the digestive tract, and blue may result from medication or food dyes. Silver-colored feces can suggest biliary obstruction combined with bleeding, or cancer of the ampulla of Vater. Diarrhea is caused by pathogens that prevent normal water reabsorption in the intestines.

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    Stool

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    Types 1-4 of feces indicate levels of constipation or ease of passing, with types 3 and 4 being optimal. Types 5-7 are associated with increasing diarrhea or urgency. Feces color can indicate various conditions - yellow may signal giardiasis or Gilbert's syndrome, black could mean bleeding in the digestive tract, and blue may result from medication or food dyes. Silver-colored feces can suggest biliary obstruction combined with bleeding, or cancer of the ampulla of Vater. Diarrhea is caused by pathogens that prevent normal water reabsorption in the intestines.

    Copyright:

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    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    78 views3 pages

    Color Variations of Feces: Yellow

    Uploaded by

    Rhea Joy Laxamana
    Types 1-4 of feces indicate levels of constipation or ease of passing, with types 3 and 4 being optimal. Types 5-7 are associated with increasing diarrhea or urgency. Feces color can indicate various conditions - yellow may signal giardiasis or Gilbert's syndrome, black could mean bleeding in the digestive tract, and blue may result from medication or food dyes. Silver-colored feces can suggest biliary obstruction combined with bleeding, or cancer of the ampulla of Vater. Diarrhea is caused by pathogens that prevent normal water reabsorption in the intestines.

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    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Types 1 and 2 indicate constipation.

    Types 3 and 4 are optimal, especially the latter, as these are the easiest to pass. Types 57 are associated with increasing tendency to diarrhea or urgency.

    Color variations of feces


    Human fecal matter varies significantly in appearance, depending on diet and health. Normally it is semisolid, with a mucus coating. It normally has a brown coloration, which results from a combination of bile and bilirubin that is derived from dead red blood cells.

    Yellow
    Yellowing of feces can be caused by an infection known as Giardiasis, which derives its name from Giardia, an anaerobic flagellatedprotozoan parasite that can cause severe and communicable yellow diarrhea. Another cause of yellowing is a condition known as Gilbert's Syndrome. This condition is characterized by jaundice and hyperbilirubinemia when too much bilirubin is present in the circulating blood.

    Black
    Feces can be black due to the presence of red blood cells that have been in the intestines long enough to be broken down by digestive enzymes. This is known as melena, and is typically due to bleeding in the upper digestive tract, such as from a

    bleeding peptic ulcer. The same color change can be observed after consuming foods that contain a substantial proportion of animal blood, such as Black pudding orTit canh. Black feces can also be caused by a number of medications, such as bismuth subsalicylate (the active ingredient in Pepto-Bismol), and dietary iron supplements, or foods such as beetroot, black liquorice, or blueberries.
    [4]

    A quick test for fecal contamination of water sources or soil is a check for the presence of E. colibacteria performed with the help of MacConkey agar plates or Petri dishes. E. coli bacteria uniquely develop red colonies at temperature of approximately 43 C (109 F) overnight. Although most strains of E. coli are harmless, their presence is indicative of fecal contamination, and hence an increased possibility of the presence of more dangerous organisms. Fecal contamination of water sources is highly prevalent worldwide, accounting for the majority of unsafe drinking water. In developing countries most sewage is discharged without treatment. Even in developed countries events of sanitary sewer overflow are not uncommon and regularly pollute the Seine River (France) and the River Thames (England), for example. The main pathogens that are commonly looked for in feces include: Bacteroides species Salmonella and Shigella Yersinia tends to be incubated at 30 C (86 F), which is cooler than usual Campylobacter incubated at 42 C (108 F), in a special environment Aeromonas Candida if the person is immunosuppressed (e.g., undergoing cancer treatment) E. coli O157 if blood is visible in the stool sample

    Hematochezia is similarly the passage of feces that

    are bright red due to the presence of undigested blood, either from lower in the digestive tract, or from a more active source in the upper digestive tract. Alcoholism can also provoke abnormalities in the path of blood throughout the body, including the passing of red-black stool.

    Blue
    Prussian blue, used in the treatment of radiation, cesium, and thallium poisoning, can turn the feces blue. Substantial consumption of products containing blue food dye, such as blue curaao or grape soda, can have the same effect.
    [5]

    Silver
    A tarnished-silver or aluminum paint-like feces color characteristically results when biliary obstruction of any type (white stool) combines withgastrointestinal bleeding from any source (black stool). It can also suggest a carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater, which will result in gastrointestinal bleeding and biliary obstruction, resulting in silver stool.

    Fecal contamination

    Cryptosporidium Entamoeba histolytica Marker

    Reference ranges for fecal markers

    Diarrhea
    Many viruses, parasites and bacteria cause diarrhea. Diarrhea occurs when the large intestine fails to reabsorb water to the normal extent. This results in a very liquid stool, increasing the rate of expulsion of the intestinal pathogens.

    Patient type Upper limit Unit

    29 years

    166[7]

    Calprotectin 1059 years 51[7]

    Fecal markers
    The feces can be analyzed for various markers that are indicative of various diseases and conditions. For example, fecal calprotectin levels indicate an inflammatory process such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and neoplasms (cancer). Lactoferrin

    60 years

    112[7]

    g/g of feces

    29 years

    29[7]

    10 years

    4.6[7]

    Also, feces may be analyzed for any fecal occult blood, which is indicative of a gastrointestinal bleeding.

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