Prelim Exam - Attempt Reviewaaa

7/28/24, 8:43 PM Prelim Exam: Attempt review
Home / My courses / UGRD-CYBS6101-2333T / PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION / Prelim Exam
Started on Wednesday, 22 May 2024, 7:46 PM

State Finished
Completed on Wednesday, 22 May 2024, 8:02 PM
Time taken 15 mins 36 secs
Marks 27.00/50.00
Grade 54.00 out of 100.00
Question 1
Incorrect
Mark 0.00 out of 1.00
Can subjective probabilities be measured or quantified?
Select one:
a. Yes, by using objective, observable data and statistical analysis 
b. No, subjective probabilities are subjective and cannot be measured or quantified
c. It depends on the individual's beliefs, opinions, and experiences
d. Yes, by using a scale or rating system
Question 2
Correct
In uncertain knowledge, which of the following is a valid inference rule that allows you to infer the truth of a statement based on the
truth of another statement?
Select one:
a. Denying the antecedent
b. Modus tollens
c. Affirming the consequent
d. Modus ponens
https://trimestralexam.amaesonline.com/2333B/mod/quiz/review.php?attempt=29412&cmid=12922&showall=1 1/17
Question 3
Correct
How does minmax search work?
Select one:
a. By evaluating all possible moves and selecting the one with the highest score
b. By evaluating all possible moves and selecting the one that leads to the lowest score for the player and the highest score for
the opponent
c. By evaluating all possible moves and selecting the one with the lowest score
d. By evaluating all possible moves and selecting the one that leads to the highest score for the player and the lowest score 
for the opponent
Question 4
Correct
In Dempster-Shafer theory, the "normalization rule" is used to:
Select one:
a. Calculate the probability of an event occurring
b. Determine the level of uncertainty about an event
c. Combine the beliefs and plausibilities of multiple events
d. Ensure that the belief and plausibility functions are properly normalized
Question 5
Correct
Which of the following is NOT a way in which Gödel's incompleteness theorems have influenced the field of philosophy of language?
Select one:
a. They have led to the abandonment of the study of the philosophy of language
b. They have led to the development of new theories about the nature of language
c. They have led to new discussions about the nature of meaning
d. They have sparked debates about the relationship between language and thought
Question 6
Incorrect
Can Bayes' theorem be used to calculate the probability of multiple events occurring simultaneously?
Select one:
a. No, Bayes' theorem can only be used to calculate the probability of one event occurring given another event 
b. Yes, by using the formula P(A|B) = P(A) * P(B|A) + P(C|A) + ...
c. Yes, by using the formula P(A|B) = P(A) * P(B|A) * P(C|A) * ...
d. No, Bayes' theorem can only be used to calculate the probability of one event occurring independently of any other events
Question 7
Correct
What is the relationship between the Shannon entropy and the probability distribution in maximum entropy without explicit
constraints?
Select one:
a. The Shannon entropy is maximized when the probability distribution is uniform
b. The Shannon entropy is the probability distribution
c. The Shannon entropy is proportional to the probability distribution
d. The Shannon entropy is the inverse of the probability distribution
Question 8
Incorrect
What is the space complexity of a breadth-first search algorithm when applied to a graph with V vertices and E edges?
Select one:
a. O(E)
b. O(V * E)
c. O(V + E)
d. O(V) 
Question 9
Incorrect
In a cost matrix, what does the cost of a risk refer to?
Select one:
a. The probability of the risk occurring
b. The severity of the risk 
c. The estimated cost of mitigating the risk
d. The duration of the risk
Question 10
Correct
What type of information is used in maximum entropy without explicit constraints?
Select one:
a. Only the mean and standard deviation of the data
b. Only the median and mode of the data
c. Any information that is available about the data
d. Only the shape of the data
Question 11
Correct
Can subjective probabilities be used to make predictions about future events?
Select one:
a. No, subjective probabilities are not based on a coin flip and cannot be used to make predictions
b. Yes, subjective probabilities can be used to make predictions based on the outcome of a coin flip
c. No, subjective probabilities are not based on objective, observable data and statistical analysis and cannot be used to make
predictions
d. Yes, subjective probabilities can be used to make predictions based on an individual's beliefs, opinions, and experiences 
about the likelihood of certain events occurring
Question 12
Correct
Which of the following is NOT a reason why godelization is important in the field of computer science?
Select one:
a. It allows for the creation of secure codes and algorithms
b. It allows for the representation of all possible computations within a system
c. It allows for the verification of the correctness of software programs
d. It allows for the generation of random numbers
Question 13
Correct
Can Bayes' theorem be used to calculate the probability of an event occurring given multiple other events that are not independent of
each other?
Select one:
a. No, Bayes' theorem can only be used to calculate the probability of one event occurring given another event
b. Yes, by using the formula P(A|B) = P(A) * P(B|A) + P(C|A) + ...
c. No, Bayes' theorem can only be used to calculate the probability of one event occurring independently of any other events
d. Yes, by using the formula P(A|B) = P(A) * P(B|A) * P(C|A) * ...
Question 14
Correct
How might an individual's subjective probabilities change over time?
Select one:
a. They may change based on the outcome of a coin flip
b. They will remain constant, as subjective probabilities are based on a coin flip
c. They may change based on new beliefs, opinions, and experiences
d. They will remain constant, as subjective probabilities are based on objective, observable data and statistical analysis
Question 15
Incorrect
If there are 10 equally likely outcomes, what is the probability of any one of them occurring?
Select one:
a. 100% 
b. 0%
c. 25%
d. 10%
Question 16
Correct
Alpha-beta pruning is a technique used in:
Select one:
a. Hash table algorithms
b. Sorting algorithms
c. Search algorithms
d. Graph traversal algorithms
Question 17
Correct
What is the main advantage of using iterative deepening over a depth-first search algorithm?
Select one:
a. It allows the search to cover more nodes in more time
b. It allows the search to cover fewer nodes in more time
c. It allows the search to cover fewer nodes in less time
d. It allows the search to cover more nodes in less time
Question 18
Incorrect
In first-order predicate logic, what is a quantifier?
Select one:
a. A function that returns a value based on its input
b. A symbol that specifies the scope of a variable
c. A logical symbol that represents a negation 
d. A logical symbol that represents a relationship between objects
Question 19
Correct
Why are subjective probabilities important in decision-making?
Select one:
a. Because they are based on objective, observable data
b. Because they are based on a coin flip
c. Because they are based on statistical analysis
d. Because they take into account an individual's beliefs, opinions, and experiences, which can affect their decision-making
Question 20
Incorrect
What is the main difference between IDA* search and depth-first search (DFS)?
Select one:
a. IDA* search uses a heuristic function to guide the search, while DFS does not
b. IDA* search is more memory-efficient than DFS 
c. IDA* search is faster than DFS
d. IDA* search is more accurate than DFS
Question 21
Correct
What is the probability of an event occurring if it is twice as likely to happen as not happen?
Select one:
a. 50%
b. 0%
c. 75%
d. 25%
Question 22
Incorrect
What is A* search used for?
Select one:
a. To find the longest path between two nodes in a graph
b. To find all possible paths between two nodes in a graph
c. To find the shortest path between two nodes in a graph
d. To find the most efficient path between two nodes in a graph 
Question 23
Correct
In a cost matrix, which of the following represents the highest priority risk?
Select one:
a. Low likelihood, high impact
b. High likelihood, high impact
c. High likelihood, low impact
d. Low likelihood, low impact
Question 24
Incorrect
What is a potential drawback of data mining?
Select one:
a. It can be time-consuming and resource-intensive
b. It can be inaccurate if the data is not properly cleaned and processed
c. It can be biased if the data is not representative of the population 
d. All of the above
Question 25
Correct
Which of the following is NOT a way in which Gödel's incompleteness theorems have influenced the field of cognitive science?
Select one:
a. They have sparked debates about the possibility of creating a truly intelligent machine
b. They have led to the abandonment of the study of cognition
c. They have led to new discussions about the limitations of human reasoning
d. They have led to the development of new theories about the nature of thought
Question 26
Incorrect
Which of the following is NOT a step in the process of using a cost matrix to assess and manage risks?
Select one:
a. Determining the cost of each risk
b. Implementing risk mitigation measures
c. Identifying potential risks
d. Evaluating the likelihood and impact of each risk 
Question 27
Incorrect
What is the formula for Bayes' theorem?
Select one:
a. P(A|B) = P(A) / P(B)
b. P(A|B) = P(B|A) / P(A) 
c. P(A|B) = P(B) / P(A|B)
d. P(A|B) = P(A) * P(B|A)
Question 28
Incorrect
What is the main concept of Dempster-Shafer theory?
Select one:
a. Decision making 
b. Probability
c. Statistics
d. Belief
Question 29
Incorrect
In what way is the principle of maximum entropy related to the principle of maximum ignorance?
Select one:
a. They are independent of each other
b. They are equivalent
c. The principle of maximum ignorance is a special case of the principle of maximum entropy 
d. The principle of maximum entropy is a special case of the principle of maximum ignorance
Question 30
Correct
What is the disadvantage of using maximum entropy without explicit constraints?
Select one:
a. It can only handle a small number of variables
b. It cannot handle missing data
c. It cannot handle outliers
d. It makes a lot of assumptions about the data
Question 31
Correct
What is the relationship between the Shannon entropy and the information in a distribution in maximum entropy without explicit
constraints?
Select one:
a. The Shannon entropy is the information in a distribution
b. The Shannon entropy is maximized when the information in a distribution is uniform
c. The Shannon entropy is the inverse of the information in a distribution
d. The Shannon entropy is proportional to the information in a distribution
Question 32
Correct
IDA* search is used in what type of problems?
Select one:
a. Problems with a large number of possible solutions
b. Problems with a known solution
c. Problems with a fixed number of steps
d. Problems with a small number of solutions
Question 33
Incorrect
In supervised learning, which of the following is NOT a common evaluation metric?
Select one:
a. Accuracy
b. Mean squared error
c. Recall
d. Precision 
Question 34
Correct
Which of the following statements about the principle of maximum entropy is NOT true?
Select one:
a. It assumes that the system is in a state of maximum disorder
b. It is used to predict the behavior of a system in equilibrium
c. It is based on the idea that the probability of a state is proportional to its energy
d. It can be used to predict the probability of different outcomes in a system
Question 35
Incorrect
What is the primary benefit of using a cost matrix to assess and manage risks?
Select one:
a. It allows for the identification of previously unrecognized risks 
b. It allows for the quantification of risks
c. It provides a comprehensive analysis of risks
d. It allows for quick and easy comparison of risks
Question 36
Correct
Which of the following is NOT one of Gödel's incompleteness theorems?
Select one:
a. The consistency of formal systems
b. The incompleteness of formal systems
c. The consistency of arithmetic
d. The completeness of formal systems
Question 37
Correct
What is the "fuzzy envelope" in the context of fuzzy logic?
Select one:
a. The area of uncertainty surrounding a fuzzy set
b. The area of heuristic values surrounding a fuzzy set
c. The area of precision surrounding a fuzzy set
d. The area of probabilistic values surrounding a fuzzy set
Question 38
Incorrect
What is the main disadvantage of IDA* search?
Select one:
a. It can be computationally expensive
b. It is prone to getting stuck in local minima
c. It is slow to find the optimal solution
d. It requires a lot of memory to store the search tree 
Question 39
Incorrect
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for using LEXMED?
Select one:
a. A valid LEXMED subscription 
b. A valid legal license
c. A stable internet connection
d. A valid medical license
Question 40
Correct
If the probability of event A occurring is 0.5 and the probability of event B occurring is 0.5, what is the probability of both event A and
B occurring?
Select one:
a. 0.25
b. 0
c. 0.5
d. 1
Question 41
Incorrect
In which of the following scenarios would a heuristic search algorithm be most useful?
Select one:
a. When the search space is small and the optimal solution is not important
b. When the search space is large and the optimal solution is not important
c. When the search space is large and the optimal solution is important 
d. When the search space is small and the optimal solution is important
Question 42
Incorrect
What is the name of the godelized system of logic that is based on the axioms of intuitionistic type theory?
Select one:
a. PA set theory
b. ZFC set theory 
c. ZF set theory
d. PA+ set theory
Question 43
Correct
If the probability of event A occurring is 0.6 and the probability of event B occurring is 0.4, what is the probability of event B occurring
given that event A has already occurred?
Select one:
a. 1
b. 0.6
c. 0.4
d. 0
Question 44
Correct
What is the main goal of supervised machine learning?
Select one:
a. To understand the underlying structure of the data
b. To model the relationship between input and output variables
c. To make predictions or decisions based on data
d. To identify patterns and relationships in data
Question 45
Incorrect
In a cost matrix, what does the risk priority refer to?
Select one:
a. The risk rating
b. The probability of the risk occurring
c. The severity of the risk 
d. The duration of the risk
Question 46
Incorrect
What is the process of using A* search to find the shortest path between two nodes called?
Select one:
a. Route planning 
b. Pathfinding
c. Graph traversal
d. Node expansion
Question 47
Correct
How might subjective probabilities be used in risk assessment?
Select one:
a. By calculating objective, observable data and statistical analysis
b. By using a coin flip to determine the likelihood of potential risks
c. By relying solely on objective, observable data and statistical analysis
d. By taking into account an individual's beliefs, opinions, and experiences about the likelihood and consequences of 
potential risks
Question 48
Correct
In Dempster-Shafer theory, the "conflict resolution rule" is used to:
Select one:
a. Combine the beliefs and plausibilities of multiple events
b. Resolve conflicts between the beliefs and plausibilities of multiple events
c. Calculate the probability of an event occurring
d. Ensure that the belief and plausibility functions are properly normalized
Question 49
Incorrect
Can Bayes' theorem be used to calculate the probability of an event occurring given multiple other events that are both independent
and not independent of each other?
Select one:
a. No, Bayes' theorem can only be used to calculate the probability of one event occurring given another event
b. Yes, by using the formula P(A|B) = P(A) * P(B|A) * P(C|A) * ... 
c. Yes, by using the formula P(A|B) = P(A) * P(B|A) + P(C|A) + ...
d. No, Bayes' theorem can only be used to calculate the probability of one event occurring independently of any other events
Question 50
Incorrect
IDA* search is an example of what type of search algorithm?
Select one:
a. Iterative deepening search
b. Depth-first search
c. Breadth-first search
d. Best-first search 
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7/28/24, 8:43 PM Prelim Exam: Attempt review

Home / My courses / UGRD-CYBS6101-2333T / PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION / Prelim Exam

Started on Wednesday, 22 May 2024, 7:46 PM

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Can subjective probabilities be measured or quantified?

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Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

How does minmax search work?

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In Dempster-Shafer theory, the "normalization rule" is used to:

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In a cost matrix, what does the cost of a risk refer to?

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What type of information is used in maximum entropy without explicit constraints?

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Can subjective probabilities be used to make predictions about future events?

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How might an individual's subjective probabilities change over time?

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Alpha-beta pruning is a technique used in:

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In first-order predicate logic, what is a quantifier?

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Why are subjective probabilities important in decision-making?

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What is A* search used for?

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What is a potential drawback of data mining?

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What is the formula for Bayes' theorem?

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What is the main concept of Dempster-Shafer theory?

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What is the disadvantage of using maximum entropy without explicit constraints?

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IDA* search is used in what type of problems?

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In supervised learning, which of the following is NOT a common evaluation metric?

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Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Which of the following is NOT one of Gödel's incompleteness theorems?

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What is the "fuzzy envelope" in the context of fuzzy logic?