11 Trigonometry 2023-24.

CLASS – 11
MATHEMATICS
Trigonometry
Contact – 9910868296; 9811017067

TRIGONOMETRY Page 1 of 22
Angle:
An angle is the figure formed by two rays sharing a common end-point. The two rays are
called sides of the angle and the common end-point is called vertex of the angle.
The word angle is also used to designate the measure of an angle or of a rotation. Also, the
sides of an angle are called initial sides and terminal sides.
We have the following conventions -

(i) If the direction of rotation is anticlockwise, the angle is taken as positive.
(ii) If the direction of rotation is clockwise, then the angle is taken as negative.
Units for Measurement of Angles -
The two most commonly used units for measurement of angles are the following:
𝟏 th
(i) Degree: An angle is said to be of 1 degree (denoted by 𝟏∘ ) if it is �𝟑𝟔𝟎� part of a
revolution.
So, one revolution is of 360∘ . One advantage of this unit is that many angles common in
simple geometry are measured as a whole number of degrees. Fractions of a degree may be
written in normal decimal notation (e.g., 7.5∘ for seven and a half degrees), but 'degree-
minute-second' system is also in use.
Minutes: Each degree is divided into 60 equal parts called minutes. A measure of angle in
minutes is denoted by a single prime (').
𝟏∘ = 𝟔𝟎′
So, 7.5∘ can be called 7 degrees and 30 minutes, written as 7∘ 30′ .
Seconds: Each minute is further divided into 60 equal parts called seconds. A measure of
angle in seconds is denoted by a double prime (").
1′ = 60′′
So, an angle of 2 degrees 5 minutes 30 seconds is written as 2∘ 5′ 30′′ .
The division of degrees into minutes and seconds of angle is analogous to the division of
hours into minutes and seconds of time.
(ii) Radian: An angle is said to be of 1 radian (denoted by ) if the length of arc is equal to
the radius of circle.
But, the radian notation is frequently omitted. So, any measure of angle without units means
that the angle is in radian.
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Length of an Arc of a Circle
Consider an arc 𝐴𝐵 of length 𝑙 which subtends an angle 𝜃 at the centre 𝑂 of a circle of radius
𝑟. Then, by definition of radian, we have
Angle subtended by an arc of length 𝑟 is = 1 radian
1
⇒ Angle subtended by an arc of length 1 is = 𝑟 radian
𝑙
⇒ Angle subtended by the arc of length 𝑙 is 𝜃 = 𝑟 radian
So, we conclude the following:

Conclusion:
The length of arc, which subtends an angle 𝜃 at the centre of a circle of radius 𝑟, is
𝒍 = 𝒓𝜽
Relation between Degree and Radian
Consider a circle of radius 𝑟. Then, the angle (in radian) subtended by the circle at the centre
is given by
𝑙 2𝜋𝑟
𝜃= = = 2𝜋.
𝑟 𝑟
Also, the angle (in degrees) subtended by the circle at the centre is 360∘ , which implies
360∘ = 2𝜋 radian
We now list some frequently used angles in degrees and radians.
Degress 0∘ 30∘ 45∘ 60∘ 90∘ 120∘ 135∘ 150∘ 180∘ 225∘ 270∘ 315∘
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋 5𝜋 3𝜋 7𝜋
Redians 0 𝜋
6 4 3 2 3 4 6 4 2 4
Area of a Sector of a Circle
Consider an arc 𝐴𝐵 of length 𝑙 which subtends an angle 𝜃 at the centre 𝑂 of a circle of radius
𝑟. Ir is clear that the circle subtends angle 2𝜋 at the centre and its area is 𝜋𝑟 2 sq. units.
Then, we have
Area of sector subtending angle 2𝜋 is = 𝜋𝑟 2 sq. units
𝜋𝑟 2
⇒ Area of sector subtending angle 1 is = sq. units
2𝜋
𝜃𝜋𝑟 2
⇒ Area of sector subtending angle 𝜃 is = sq. units
2𝜋
1
= 2 𝑟 2 𝜃 sq. units
So, we conclude the following:
Conclusion: The area of sector, which subtends an angle θ at the centre of a circle of radius
r, is
1 2
A = 𝑟 𝜃 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠.
2

Examples – 1
Convert the following decimal-degree measures to degree-minute-second measures:
(i) 𝟐𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟓∘ (ii) 𝟏𝟓. 𝟓𝟕𝟓𝟕∘
Sol. (i) 20.1025∘ = 20∘ + 0.1025∘
= 20∘ + (0.1025 × 60)′ [∵ 1∘ = 60′ ]
= 20∘ + 6.15′
= 20∘ + 6′ + 0.15′
= 20∘ + 6′ + (0.15 × 60)′′ [∵ 1′ = 60′′ ]
= 20∘ + 6′ + 9′′
= 20∘ 6′ 9′′
(ii) 15.5757∘ = 15∘ + 0.5757°
= 15∘ + (0.5757 × 60)′ [∵ 1∘ = 60′ ]
= 15∘ + 34.542′
= 15∘ + 34′ + 0.542′
= 15∘ + 34′ + (0.542 × 60)′′ [∵ 1′ = 60′′ ]
= 15∘ + 34′ + 32.52′′
= 15∘ + 34′ + 33′′ (approx)
= 15∘ 34′ 33′′

Examples – 2
Convert the following degree-minute-second measures to decimal-degree measures:
𝟐𝟎∘ 𝟔′ 𝟗′′
Sol. 20∘ 6′ 9′′ = 20∘ + 6′ + 9′′
1 ′ 1 ′
= 20∘ + 6′ + �9 × 60� �∵ 1′′ = �60� �
= 20∘ + 6′ + 0.15′
= 20∘ + 6.15′
1 ∘ 1 °
= 20∘ + �6.15 × 60� �∵ 1′ = �60� �
= 20∘ + 0.1025∘ = 20.1025∘

Examples – 3
𝟐𝟐
Convert the following radian measures into the degree measures: �𝐔𝐬𝐞 𝝅 = 𝟕
�
𝟏𝟏 𝟓𝝅
(i) 𝟏𝟔 (ii) 𝟑
(iii) − 𝟒
11 11 180 ∘ 180 ∘
Sol. (i) 16 radian = �16 × 𝜋
� �∵ 1 radian = � 𝜋
��
11 180×7 ∘ 22
= �16 × 22
� �∵ 𝜋 = 7
�
= 39.375∘
5𝜋 5𝜋 180 ∘ 180 ∘
(ii) 3
radian = � 3 × 𝜋
� �∵ 1 radian = � 𝜋
��
5 ∘
= �3 × 180� = 300∘
180 ∘ 180 ∘
(iii) −4 radian = − �4 × 𝜋
� �∵ 1 radian = � 𝜋
��
180×7 ∘ 22
= − �4 × 22
� �∵ 𝜋 = 7
�
= −229.1∘
Examples – 4
Convert the following degree measures into the radian measures:
(i) 𝟑𝟗. 𝟑𝟕𝟓∘ (ii) −𝟒𝟕∘ 𝟑𝟎′
𝜋 𝜋
Sol. (i) 39.375∘ = �39.375 × 180� radian �∵ 1∘ = 180 radian�
39375 𝜋
= � 1000 × 180� radian
7𝜋
= 32
radian
(ii) −47∘ 30′ = −47∘ − 30′

1 ∘ 1 ∘
= −47∘ − �30 × 60� �∵ 1′ = �60� �
1 ∘
= −47∘ − �2�
95 ∘
= −�2�
95 𝜋 𝜋
= − � 2 × 180� radian �∵ 1∘ = 180 radian �
19𝜋
=− 72
radian

ASSIGNMENT - 1
1. Convert following degree measures into radians measure :
(a) 3000 (b) 1250 30’ (c) − 375.30° (d) − 300°
(e) −31° 30′ (f) 70 30′ (g) −56°.
22
2. Convert following radian measures into degree measure : [Take π = 7
]
9πc 2πc 18πc
(a) 5
(b) 2c (c) − 3
(d) 5
(e) 11c (f) −3c
3. Find the angle between the minute hand of a clock and the hour hand when the time is 7:20
AM.
3𝜋
4. The difference between two acute angles of a right angled triangle is 10
radians. Express the
angles in degrees.
5. A wheel makes 270 revolutions in one minute. Through how many radians does it turn in one
second?
6. The angles of a triangle are A.P. If the number of degree in the least is to number of radians
in the greatest are as 60 : π , find the angles in degrees.
7. A train is travelling on a curve of 700 m radius at 14 km/hr. Through what angle will it turn
in one minute?
8. What is the ratio of radii of two circles, at the centre of which two arcs of the same length
subtend angles 60° and 75° ?
9. Find the angle in degrees subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc whose length is 2.2
times the radius.
𝜋
10. In a right angled triangle, the difference between two acute angle is in radian measure.
18
Express the angle in degrees. Imp

Rules to find the value of trigonometric ratio of an angle in any quadrant:
1. First express the angle as per the quadrant e.g.

 angle in first quadrant can be expressed as θ or (900−θ).
 angle in second quadrant can be expressed as (900 + θ) or (1800−θ).
 angle in third quadrant can be expressed as (1800 + θ) or (2700−θ).
 angle in fourth quadrant can be expressed as (2700 + θ) or (3600−θ) or (−θ).
2. Use the sign-convention of that quadrant for the trigonometric ratio e.g.
 In first quadrant, all trigonometric ratios are positive.
 In second quadrant, sin θ and cosec θ are positive and rest four are negative.
 In third quadrant tan θ and cot θ are positive and rest four are negative.
 In fourth quadrant cos θ and sec θare positive and rest four are negative.
3. If the angle is expressed along x - axis, trigonometric ratio remains same.

e.g. sin(1800−θ) = sin θ; cos(1800 + θ) = − cos θ; sec(−θ) = sec θ
cot(3600−θ) = − cot θ; tan((1800 + θ) = tan θ; cosec(−θ) = −cosec θ.
4. If the angle is expressed along y - axis, trigonometric ratio is changed as follows −
sin θ ↔ cos θ
tan θ ↔ cot θ
sec θ ↔ cosec θ
e.g. sin(900 − θ) = cos θ; tan(900 + θ) = − cot θ; sec(2700−θ) = − cosec θ
cot(900 + θ) = −tanθ; cos(2700 + θ) = sin θ; cosec(900−θ) = sec θ.

ASSIGNMENT - 2
1. Find the values of the following trigonometric ratios :
(i) sin 210°
(ii) tan 315°
(iii) sin 765°
(iv) cot (−240° )
(v) cos 1110°
(vi) sin 3060°
(vii) cos(−1125°)
(viii) sin(−4530°)
1 1 1 √3 1 1
[Ans: (i) − 2, (ii) −1, (iii) , (iv) − , (v) , (vi) 0, (vii) , (viii) 2]
√2 √3 2 √2
2. Prove each of the following :

(i) tan 225° cot 405° + tan 765° cot 675° = 0.
(ii) sin(−690° ) cos(−300° ) + cos(−750° ) sin(−240° ) = 1.
(iii) cos 570° sin 510° + sin(−330° ) cos(−390° ) = 0.
1
(iv) cos 24° + cos 55° + cos125° + cos 204° + cos 300° = 2 .
(v) cos 105° + cos 15° = sin 75° − sin 15° .
(vi) cos A + cos B + cos C + cos D = 0 where A, B, C and D be angles of a cyclic

quadrilateral. IMP
19
(vii) sin2 50 + sin2 10° + sin2 15° +. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + sin2 90° = 2
.
cos(360 − θ) coses (180+ θ ) cot(90 − θ)

(viii) = tan θ.
sec(90 + θ) cos(−θ)
π 3π 5π 7π 9π
(ix) tan 20 . tan 20 . tan 20 . tan 20 . tan 20 = 1.

3. Which of the six trigonometric ratios are positive for θ = −570° . Also find those.
−2
[Ans: cos θ, sec θ ; −√3/2 , ]
√3
12
4. If sin θ = 13
, find the quadrants in which θ can lie. Also find the values of other
5 −5 12 − 12
t – ratios of θ. [Ans: (1st and 2nd quadrant) cos θ = 13 , 13 ; tan = 5
, 5
]
A + B C
5. In a triangle ABC, prove that : cos � 2
� = sin 2 .
1
6. If sin(α + β) = 1 and sin(α − β) = 2 , find values of : (a) tan(α + 2β) (b) tan(2α + β).
−1
[Ans: (a) −√3, (b) ]
√3
7. Solve for ‘x’ :

(a) cosec (90 + θ) + x cosθ. cot(90 + θ) = sin(90 + θ). [Ans: tan θ]
(b) coses (270 + θ) + x sin(90 − θ) tan(180 + θ) = cos(180 − θ). [Ans: tan θ]
8. If 8θ = π , then evaluate : cos 7θ + cos θ. [Ans: 0]
9. Evaluate : ∑179 0
k=0 cos(180 − k°) [Ans: −1]
2 √6 3π −1
10. If sin x = − and π < 𝑥 < , find the value of cos x and tan x. [Ans: , 2√6]
5 2 5
1 3π 3
11. If tan x = − 3 and 2
< 𝑥 < 2𝜋, find cosec x and cos x. [Ans: −√10 ; ]
√10

ASSIGNMENT - 3
1. Find the values of the following trigonometric ratios:
5π
(a) sin 3
(b) cos 15π
(c) sec 6π
41 π
(d) cosec �− 4
�
11π
(e) tan 6
−26
(f) tan � 3
π�
15π √3 1
(g) cot �− 4
� [Ans: (a) − , (b) – 1, (c) – 1, (d) 0, (e) − , (f) √3, (g) 1]
2 √3

π
cos (2 π + θ) cosec (2 π + θ ) tan�2 + θ�
(a) π = 1.
sec�2 + θ� cos θ cot(π + θ)
cosec (90 + θ) + cot (450 + θ ) tan(180 + θ ) + sec �180 – θ �

(b) + = 2.
cosec (450 − θ ) + tan (180 − θ ) tan(360 + θ ) − sec(− θ)
sin(180 + θ) cos(90 + θ) tan(270 − θ) cot �360 – θ�

(c) = 1.
sin �360 – θ� cos (360 + θ) coses �– θ� sin(270 + θ)
3. Find the value of each :

3π 3π
(a) cos � 2 + θ� cos(2π + θ) �cot � 2 − θ� + cot(2π + θ)� [Ans: 1]
3𝜋 𝜋
(b) 3 �sin4 � 2 − α� + sin4 (3𝜋 + 𝛼)� − 2 �sin6 �2 + 𝛼� + sin6 (5𝜋 − 𝛼)�. [Ans: 1]
4. In quadrilateral ABCD, prove that : sin(A + B) + sin(C + D) = 0. Imp
5. If A, B, C and D be angles of a cyclic quadrilateral taken in order then prove that:
cos(180° − A) + cos(180° + B) + cos(180° + C) − sin(90° + D) = 0.
6. Evaluate : (i) tan 1300 tan 1400 (ii) tan 48° tan 23° tan 42° tan 67° [Ans: (i) -1; (ii) 1]

7. If cos 10 cos 20cos 30………….. cos 1790 = x + 1, find the value of x. [Ans: -1]
8. If sec θ + tan θ = p, then find the values of sec θ , tan θ and sin θ in terms of p.
1+𝑝2 𝑝2 −1 𝑝2 −1
[Ans: ; ; 𝑝2 +1]
2𝑝 2𝑝
9. Prove that :
7𝜋 5𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋
(i) sin2 4
+ sin2 4
+ sin2 4
+ sin2 4
= 2.
π π
(ii) �1 + cot α − sec �2 + α��×�1 + cot α + sec �2 + α�� = 2 cot α. Imp
π π 7π 4π
(iii) sin2 18 + sin2 9 + sin2 18 + sin2 9
= 2.
8π 23π 13π 35π 1

(iv) sin 3
cos 6
+ cos 3
sin 6
= 2
.
π 3π 5π 7π
(v) cos2 8 + cos2 8
+ cos2 8
+ cos2 8
= 2. Imp
11π 4π 3 π 17π 3 − 4√3

(vi) tan 3
− 2 sin 6
− 4
cosec 2 4 + 4 cos 2 6
= . Imp
2
π 3π 5π 7π
(vii) sin2 8 + sin2 8
+ sin2 8
+ sin2 8
= 2.

Compound Angle Formulae -
1. sin (x + y) = sin x . cosy + cos x . sin y
2. sin (x - y) = sin x . cosy - cos x . sin y
3. cos (x + y) = cos x . cosy - sin x . sin y
4. cos (x - y) = cos x . cosy + sin x . sin y
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒚
5. tan (x + y) = 𝟏 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒚.
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒚
6. tan (x - y) = 𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒚.
𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒚 − 𝟏
7. 𝐜𝐨𝐭(𝒙 + 𝒚) = 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒚 + 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒙
.
𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒚 + 𝟏
8. 𝐜𝐨𝐭(𝒙 − 𝒚) = 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒚 − 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒙
.
9. 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝒙 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝒚 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒙 + 𝒚) 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒙 − 𝒚).
10. 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝒙 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝒙 + 𝒚) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝒙 − 𝒚).

ASSIGNMENT - 4
1. Evaluate:
(a) sin 15° (b) tan 75° (c) cos 105° (d) cot 75° (e) cos 165°
2. Evaluate each of the following:

7𝜋 𝜋 7𝜋 𝜋
(a) sin 78° cos 18° − cos 78° sin 18° (b) sin 12 cos 4 + cos 12 sin 4
2𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋
(c) cos 47° cos 13° − sin 47° sin 13° (d) cos 3
cos 4 + sin 3
sin 4
(e) sin 36° cos 9° + cos 36° sin 9° (f) cos 80° cos 20° + sin 80° sin 20°
4 5 𝜋
3. If sin 𝐴 = 5
and cos 𝐵 = 13
, where 0 < 𝐴, 𝐵 < 2 , find the values of the following :
(i) sin (A + B) (ii) cos (A + B) (iii) sin (A − B) (iv) cos (A − B)
12 4 𝜋 𝜋
4. If sin 𝐴 = 13 and sin 𝐵 = 5, where 2 < 𝐴 < 𝜋 and 0< 𝐵 < 2 , find the following :
(i) sin (A + B) (ii) tan (A + B)
3 −12
5. If sin 𝐴 = 5, cos 𝐵 = 13,
where A and B both lie in second quadrant, find the value of
sin (A + B).
24 3 3𝜋 3𝜋
6. If sin 𝐴 = − 25 and cos 𝐵 = 5 , where 𝜋 < 𝐴 < 2,
and 2
< 𝐵 < 2𝜋, find the following:
(i) sin (A + B) (ii) cos (A + B)
12 24
7. If cos 𝐴 = − 13 and cot B = 7
, where A lies in the second quadrant and B in the third
quadrant , find the values of the following:
(i) sin (A + B) (ii) cos (A + B) (iii) tan (A + B)
5 1 𝜋
8. If tan 𝐴 = 6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 tan 𝐵 = 11
, Prove that ∶ 𝐴 + 𝐵 = 4 .
9. Prove that :
(a) cos 105° + cos 15° = sin 75° − sin 15°.
(b) sin (60° − 𝜃) cos(30° + 𝜃) + cos (60° − 𝜃) sin (30° + 𝜃) = 1
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
(c) cos�4 − 𝐴� cos �4 − 𝐵� − sin �4 − 𝐴� sin �4 − 𝐵� = sin (𝐴 + 𝐵).
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐴 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝐴+𝐵)
(d) =
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐴 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝐴−𝐵)
tan 69°+tan 66°
(e) =−1
1 − tan 69° tan 66°
𝜋 𝜋
10. Find the value of (i) cot � 4 + 𝑥� 𝑐𝑜𝑡 �4 − 𝑥�; (ii) sin (450 + θ) – cos (450 – θ).

ASSIGNMENT - 5
tan θ + tan ∅
1. Prove that : tan(θ + ∅) = .
1 − tan θ .tan∅
√3
2. Prove that: cos 2 45° − sin2 15° = .
4
3. Prove that:
𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝐴 + 𝐵)+ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝐴 − 𝐵)
(i) = tan A
𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝐴 + 𝐵)+ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝐴 − 𝐵)
sin(𝐴 − 𝐵) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝐵 − 𝐶) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝐶 − 𝐴)

(ii) + + =0
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐵 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐵 cos 𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴
sin(𝐴 − 𝐵) sin(𝐵 − 𝐶) sin(𝐶 − 𝐴)
(iii) + + =0 Imp
sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 sin 𝐵 sin 𝐶 sin 𝐶 sin 𝐴
tan(𝐴 + 𝐵) tan2 𝐴 − tan2 𝐵
(iv) =
cot(𝐴 − 𝐵) 1 − tan2 𝐴 tan2 𝐵
4. Prove that :
(i) tan 8𝜃 − tan 6𝜃 − tan 2𝜃 = tan 8𝜃 tan 6𝜃 tan 2𝜃
(ii) tan15° + tan 30° + tan 15° tan 30° = 1 Imp
(iii) tan 36° + tan 9° + tan 36° tan 9° = 1
𝜋
𝑡𝑎𝑛� + 𝐴� 1 + tan 𝐴 2
5. Prove that: 4
𝜋 = �1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐴� .
tan�4 − 𝐴�
6. If cos A + sin B = m and sin A + cos B = n, prove that: 2 sin(A + B) = 𝑚2 + 𝑛2 − 2.
7. If sin α sin β − cos α cos β + 1 = 0, prove that: 1 + cot α tan β = 0.
tan2 2𝜃 − tan2 𝜃
8. Prove that: = tan 3θ . tan θ Imp
1 − tan2 2𝜃 tan2 𝜃
sin(𝐴 − 𝐵) 𝑥−1
9. If tan A = x tan B, prove that : = . Imp
sin(𝐴 + 𝐵) 𝑥 +1
𝜋
10. If A + B = ; Prove that:
4
(i) (1 + tan A) (1 + tan B) = 2, (ii) (cot A – 1) (cot B – 1) = 2. Imp
cos 9° + sin 9° cos 80 – sin 80

11. Prove that : (i) = tan 54°; (ii) = tan37°.
cos 9° − sin 9° cos 80 + sin 80
12. If tan α = x + 1 and tan β = x – 1, show that : 2 cot (α − β) = x2.

ASSIGNMENT - 6
3 9 3𝜋 𝜋
1. If tan 𝐴 = 4 and cos 𝐵 = 41, where 𝜋 < 𝐴 < 2
and 0 < 𝐵 < 2 , find tan (A + B).
1 12 𝜋 3𝜋
2. If sin𝐴 = 2, cos 𝐵 = 13, where 2 < 𝐴 < 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2
< 𝐵 < 2𝜋, find tan (A − B).
3. Prove that :
cos 110 + sin 11° 3𝜋 3𝜋
(a) = tan 56°. (b) cos� 4 + 𝑥� − cos � 4 − 𝑥� = − √2 sin x.
cos 11° − sin 11°
4. Prove that: sin (n + 1)A . sin (n + 2)A + cos (n + 1)A . cos (n + 2)A = cos A.
5. Prove that :
(a) tan 13θ − tan 9θ − tan 4θ = tan 13θ tan 9θ tan 4θ.
(b) 2 tan 500 + tan 200 = tan700 . Imp
(c) cot A cot 2A – cot 2A cot 3A – cot 3A cot A = 1.
1 √3 𝜋 𝜋
6. If sin𝐴 = 2, cos 𝐵 = , where < 𝐴 < 𝜋 𝑎𝑛𝑑 0 < 𝐵 < 2 , find the following:
2 2
(i) tan (A + B); (ii) tan (A −B)
7. If 3tan A tan B = 1, prove that : 2cos (A + B) = cos (A − B).
1 1
8. If tan A + tan B = x and cot A + cot B = y, prove that : cot (A + B) = − . Imp
𝑥 𝑦
4 5 𝜋 𝟓𝟔
9. If cos (α + β) = 5 and sin (α − β) = , where 0 ≤ α ≤ , find tan 2α. [Ans : ]
13 4 𝟑𝟑
tan(A + B) λ +1
10. If sin2A = λ sin2B then prove that ∶ = . Imp
tan(A − B) λ −1
11. If tan(C + D) = p and tan(C − D) = q, find the value of tan 2C and tan 2D. Imp
12. If cosθ + sinθ = √2 cosθ, prove that ∶ cosθ − sinθ = √2 sinθ.
A A
13. 1 + tan A tan 2 = secA = tanA cot 2 − 1.
𝜋 2𝜋 3 tan 𝑥 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛3 𝑥
14. If tan 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 �𝑥 + 3 � + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 �𝑥 + � = 3, then prove that: = 1. Imp
3 1 − 3𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥

Addition Formulae –
𝑪+𝑫 𝑪−𝑫
(i) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑪 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑫 = 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 � 𝟐
� 𝒄𝒐𝒔 � 𝟐
�.
(ii) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑪 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑫 = −𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 � 𝟐
� 𝒔𝒊𝒏 � 𝟐
�.
(iii) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑪 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑫 = 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 � 𝟐
� 𝒄𝒐𝒔 � 𝟐
�.
(iv) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑪 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑫 = 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 � 𝟐
� 𝒔𝒊𝒏 � 𝟐
�.
Product Formulae –
(i) 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒙 + 𝒚) + 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒙 − 𝒚).
(ii) 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒙 + 𝒚) − 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒙 − 𝒚).
(iii) 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝒙 + 𝒚) + 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝒙 − 𝒚).
(iv) 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝒙 − 𝒚) − 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝒙 + 𝒚).

ASSIGNMENT - 7
1. Prove that :
cos 7A + cos 5A
(a) = cot A.
sin 7A − sin 5A
sin A + sin B A+B

(b) = tan .
cos A + cos B 2
(c) sin A sin(B − C) + sin B sin(C − A) + sinC sin(A − B) = 0.
α+β β+γ α+γ

(d) cos α + cosβ + cos γ + cos(α + β + γ) = 4cos 2
cos 2
cos 2
. Imp
cos 4x + cos 3x + cos 2x

(e) = cot 3x.
sin 4x + sin 3x + sin 2x
sin(θ + α) − 2 sin θ + sin(θ − α)

(f) = tan θ. Imp
cos(θ + α )− 2 cos θ + cos(θ − α)
sin A − sin C
2. If angles A, B and C are in A.P, prove that: cot B = . Imp
cos C − cos A
3. Prove that : cot 4x (sin 5x + sin 3x) = cot x (sin 5x – sin 3x).
(a) (sin 3A + sinA) sin A + (cos 3A − cosA) cosA = 0.

(b) sin x + sin 3x + sin 5x + sin 7x = 4cosx cos2x sin4x.
2π 4π
(c) sin A + sin�A + 3
� + sin �A + 3
� = 0. Imp
5. If sin A + sin B = √3 (cos B − cos A), prove that ∶ sin 3A + sin 3B = O. Imp
A+B
6. If cosec A + sec A = cosec B + sec B, then prove : tan A tan B = cot 2
.
α α
7. If sin θ = n sin(θ + α), prove that : (1 – n) tan (θ + 2 ) = (1 + n) tan 2 . Imp
8. tan (x − y) + tan(y − z) + tan(z − x) = tan(x − y) . tan(y − z) . tan(z − x).
9. Prove that : cos 2 (A − B) + cos2 B − 2 cosA cosB cos(A − B) = sin2 A . Imp
10. If cos (A + B) sin (C − D) = cos(A − B) sin (C + D), then show that :

tan A . tan B . tan C + tan D = 0. Imp
2π 4π
11. If a sin θ = b sin �θ + 3 � = c sin �θ + 3 �, prove that : ab + bc + ca = 0. Imp
𝑥 +𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
12. If sin x + sin y = a and cos x + cos y = b, then find the values of : (i) tan 2
; (ii) tan 2
.

ASSIGNMENT - 8
3
(a) cos 100 cos 30 ° cos 50 ° cos 70 ° = 16
.
θ 7θ 3θ 11θ
(b) sin 2
sin 2
+ sin 2
sin 2
= sin2θ sin5θ. Imp
1
(c) cos 20 ° cos 40 ° cos 60 ° cos 80 ° = 16
.
sin 11A sinA + sin7A sin3A

(d) = tan 8A. Imp
cos11A sinA + cos7A sin3A
√3
(e) sin 100 sin 50 ° sin 60 ° sin 70 ° = . Imp
16
cos 8A cos 5A − cos 12A cos 9A

(f) = tan 4A.
sin 8A cos 5A + cos 12A sin 9A
cos 2A cos 3A − cos 2A cos 7A + cosA cos10A

(g) = cot 6A cot 5A.
sin 4A sin 3A − sin 2A sin 5A + sin 4A sin 7A
(h) 1 + cos2 2θ = 2(cos4 θ + sin4 θ). Imp

π 9π 3π 5π
(i) 2 cos 13 cos 13 + cos 13 + cos 13 = 0. Imp
θ 9θ 5θ
(j) cos 2 θ cos 2 − cos3θ cos 2
= sin5θ sin 2
. Imp
√3
(k) sin 20° sin 400 sin 60° sin 80° = . Imp
16
3
2. Prove that : cos 20° cos 100 ° + cos 100 ° cos 140° − cos 140 ° cos 200 ° = − 4. Imp
tan(A + B) λ +1
3. If sin2A = λ sin2B then prove that ∶ = . Imp
tan(A − B) λ −1
𝜋 2𝜋
4. Prove that: 4 sin α sin �𝛼 + 3 � sin �𝛼 + 3
� = sin 3 𝛼.
𝑥−𝑦
5. Prove that: (cos 𝑥 − cos 𝑦)2 + (sin 𝑥 − sin 𝑦)2 = 4 sin2 2
.
𝑥 9𝑥 7𝑥
6. Prove that: cos 𝑥 cos 2
− cos 3𝑥 cos 2
= sin 4𝑥 sin 2
.

Half Angle Formulae –
1. 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒙 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝒙 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝒙
= 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟏
= 𝟏 − 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝒙
𝟏 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝒙
= 𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝒙
𝟐 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙
2. 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒙 = 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 = 𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝒙.
𝟐 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙
3. 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟐𝒙 = 𝟏 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝒙.
𝒙
𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝟏 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐
4. (i) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝟐 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝟐 = 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝟐 − 𝟏 = 𝟏 − 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝟐 = 𝟐
𝒙 .
𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐
𝟐
𝒙
𝒙 𝒙 𝟐 𝐭𝐚𝐧
(ii) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 = 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 = 𝟐
𝒙 .
𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐
𝟐
𝒙
𝟐 𝐭𝐚𝐧
(iii) 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 = 𝟐
𝒙 .
𝟏 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐
𝟐
5. 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝒙 = 𝟑 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 − 𝟒 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟑 𝒙.
6. 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑𝒙 = 𝟒 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟑 𝒙 − 𝟑 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 .
𝟑 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟑 𝒙
7. 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟑𝒙 = 𝟏 − 𝟑 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝒙
𝒙 𝒙
8. (i) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 = 𝟒 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟑 𝟑 − 𝟑 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑.
𝒙 𝒙
(ii) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 = 𝟑 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑 − 𝟒 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟑 𝟑.
𝒙 𝒙
𝟑 𝐭𝐚𝐧 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟑
(iii) 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 = 𝟑
𝒙
𝟑
𝟏 − 𝟑 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐
𝟑

ASSIGNMENT - 9
1. Simplify :
π π π π
(a) 8 cos3 9 − 6 cos 9 (b) cos 2 �4 − α� − sin2 �4 − α�
1 − tan2 15° 1 − sin θ 1 + sin θ 𝜋

(c) 1 + tan2 15°
(d) � + � = −2 secθ; θ ∈ � 2 , 𝜋�
1 + sin θ 1 − sin θ
x x x x
(e) 8 sin 8 cos 2 cos 4 cos 8
(f) �2 + �2 + √2 + 2 cos 8θ Imp
2. Prove that :
(a) cos 4A = 1 − 8 cos 2 A + 8 cos4 A. Imp
(b) sin 4A = 4 sin A cos 3 A − 4 cos A sin3 A. Imp

π π
(c) tan�4 − θ� + tan �4 + θ� = 2 sec 2θ. Imp
(d) cot 2 A − tan2 A = 4 cot 2A coses 2A.
3. Prove that :
sin 2α 1 + cos 4x 1
(a) = tan α (b) = sin 4x.
1 + cos 2α cot x − tan x 2
1 − cos 2θ 1+ sin 2θ − cos 2θ

(c) � = tan θ (d) = tan θ.
1+ cos 2θ 1+ sin 2θ + cos 2θ
sin θ + sin 2θ cos 2 𝜃 𝜋

(e) (f) = tan �4 − θ�
1+cos θ+ cos 2θ 1 +sin 2 𝜃
4. Show that : √3 cosec 20° − sec20° = 4. Imp

1 1
5. If tan A = 2
and tan B = 3
, then find the value of tan (2A + B).
a
6. If tan θ = b
, then find the value of b cos 2θ + a sin 2θ.
1 − cos B
7. If tan A = , then prove that : 2A = B.
sin B
8. If tan 8° = m and tan9° = n, then find the value of tan 2°.
4 tan θ(1 − tan2 θ)

9. Prove that: tan 4θ = . Imp
1 − 6 tan2 θ + tan4 θ
cos 6θ + 6 cos 4θ +15 cos 2θ + 10

10. Prove that : = 2 cos θ Imp
cos 5θ + 5 cos 3θ + 10 cos θ

ASSIGNMENT - 10
1. Prove that:
(a) cos2 A + cos2 B − 2 cosA cosB cos(A + B) = sin2 (A + B). Imp
(b) sin2 A = cos 2 (A − B) + cos2 B − 2 cosA cosB cos(A − B). Imp
(c) cos 2α cos 2β + sin2 (α − β) − sin2 (α + β) = cos 2(α + β). Imp
sec 8θ − 1 tan 8θ
2. Prove that: = . V. Imp
sec 4θ − 1 tan 2θ
b a+ b a − b
3. If tan x = a
, then find the value of �a − b
+ �a + b
.
π 3π 5π 7π 1
4. Prove that : �1 + cos 8� �1 + cos 8 � �1 + cos 8 � �1 + cos 8 � = 8 Imp
5. Prove that: (a) cos 5A = 16 cos 5 A − 20 cos 3 A + 5 cos A . Imp

(b) sin 5A = 5 sin A – 20 sin3A + 16 sin5A. Imp
3A A
6. Prove that: sin 3A − sin 2A + sin A = 4 cos A cos 2
sin 2 . Imp
sin (16A)
7. Prove that: cos A cos 2A cos 4A cos 8A = . Imp
16 sin A
2 cos 2A + 1
8. Show that: tan (60° + A) tan (60° − A) = . Imp
2 cos 2A − 1
9. Prove that: (a) sin2 (n + 1)A − sin2 nA = sin(2n + 1)A sinA.

π A π A 1
(b) sin2 �8 + 2 � − sin2 �8 − 2 � = sin A. Imp
√2
10. Prove that: sec θ. sec 2θ. sec 4θ = 8, if 9θ = π.

π 3π 5π 7π 3
11. Prove that: (a) cos4 8 + cos4 8
+ cos 4 8
+ cos4 8
=2. Imp
π 3π 5π 7π 3
(b) sin4 8 + sin 4
8
+ sin 4
8
+ sin 4
8
=2. Imp
√5 x x x
12. If sin x = and x lies in IInd quadrant, find the values of sin 2 , cos 2 , tan 2 . Imp
3
3 π
13. If sin A = 5 , 2
< 𝐴 < 𝜋 ; find the measure of sin 2A, cos 2A and tan 2A. Imp
sec�θ – α� 1–m π π
14. If = , prove that : tan �4 − θ� . tan �4 − α� = m.
cosec (θ + α) 1+m
15. If α & β are two distinct values of θ, which satisfies the equation : a cos 𝜃 + b sin 𝜃 = c
Evaluate : sin (α + β), tan (α + β) and cos(α + β). Imp
16. If α and β are two different values of θ, lying between 0 and 2𝜋 which satisfy the equation
6 cos 𝜃 + 8 sin 𝜃 = a, find the value of sin (α + β), cos (α + β). Imp

ASSIGNMENT - 11
𝑚 1 𝜋
1. If 𝛼 and 𝛽 are acute angles such that tan 𝛼 = and tan 𝛽 = , prove that: 𝛼 + 𝛽 =
𝑚+1 2𝑚 +1 4
2. Prove that : 1 + cos2 2θ = 2(cos 4 θ + sin4 θ). Imp

3. Prove that:
1 °
√2− 1
(a) sin 22 2 = � 2
√2
1 °
√2+ 1
(b) cos 22 2 = � 2 . Imp
√2
1°
(c) tan 22 2 = √2 − 1 Imp
π 1°
(d) cot 24
= tan 82 2
= √2 + √3 + √4 + √6.
3 3π x x x
4. If tanx = 4 , π < 𝑥 < 2
, find sin 2 , cos 2 , tan 2 . Imp
1 1 1 1 1 1
5. If cos θ = 2
�a + a�, then prove that : (i) cos 2θ = 2 �a2 + a2
�; (ii) cos 3θ = 2 �a3 + a3
�
3
6. Prove that: cos 3 A + cos3 (A + 120° ) + cos3 (A + 240° ) = 4 cos 3A. Imp
1
7. Prove that: sin A sin(60° − A) sin(60° + A) = 4
sin 3A.
8. Prove that: cot A + cot(60° + A ) − cot(60° − A ) = 3 cot 3A. Imp
sin 2β
9. If tan(α − β) = , find tan α : tan β.
5 − cos 2β
10. Prove that : cos 3 2θ + 3 cos 2θ = 4 (cos6 θ − sin6 θ). Imp
θ a− b φ a cos φ + b
11. If tan 2 = �a + b
tan 2 , prove that : cos θ = a + b cos φ
. V. Imp
π 2π
12. Prove that : 4 sin α sin �α + 3� sin �α + 3 � = sin 3α . Imp
2𝑎𝑏
13. If sin α + sinβ = a and cos α + cosβ = b, show that : (i) sin (α + β) = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2
b2 − a2
(ii) cos (α + β) = Imp
b2 + a2
14. If α and β are two distinct values of θ, which satisfies the equation:
2 ac
a tanθ + b secθ = c, then show that : tan(α + β) = a2 − c2
. Imp
4𝜋 2𝜋 −3
15. Prove that : sin3x + sin3� 3 + 𝑥� + sin3� 3 + 𝑥� = 4
sin3x Imp

ASSIGNMENT - 12
OPTIONAL
1. Prove that :
√5 − 1
(a) sin 180 = ;
4
�10 + 2 √5
(b) cos 180 =
4
�10 − 2 √5
(c) sin 360 =
4
√5 + 1
(d) cos 360 = .
4
2. Prove each of the following:

√5 − 1
(a) sin2 72° − sin2 60° = .
8
π 3π 1
(b) sin 10 sin 10 = 4
.
1
(c) sin 120 sin 480 sin 540 = 8 .
√5 + 1
(d) cos 2 48° − sin2 12° =
8
2π 4π 8π 14π 1
(e) cos 15 cos 15
cos 15 cos 15
= 16 .
5
(f) sin 360 sin 720 sin 1080 sin 1440 = .
16
1
(g) cos 120 + cos 840 + cos 1560 + cos 1320 = − 2 .
(h) tan 90 – tan 270 – tan 630 + tan 810 = 4.


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CLASS – 11

Contact – 9910868296; 9811017067

We have the following conventions -

Offline & Online Tuitions for Grade 9 to 12

So, we conclude the following:

Offline & Online Tuitions for Grade 9 to 12

= 20∘ + (0.1025 × 60)′ [∵ 1∘ = 60′ ]

= 20∘ + 6′ + (0.15 × 60)′′ [∵ 1′ = 60′′ ]

(ii) 15.5757∘ = 15∘ + 0.5757°

= 15∘ + (0.5757 × 60)′ [∵ 1∘ = 60′ ]

= 15∘ + 34′ + 0.542′

= 15∘ + 34′ + (0.542 × 60)′′ [∵ 1′ = 60′′ ]

= 15∘ + 34′ + 32.52′′

= 15∘ + 34′ + 33′′ (approx)

= 15∘ 34′ 33′′

= 20∘ + 0.1025∘ = 20.1025∘

Offline & Online Tuitions for Grade 9 to 12

(ii) −47∘ 30′ = −47∘ − 30′

Offline & Online Tuitions for Grade 9 to 12

(e) 11c (f) −3c

Express the angle in degrees. Imp

Offline & Online Tuitions for Grade 9 to 12

1. First express the angle as per the quadrant e.g.

3. If the angle is expressed along x - axis, trigonometric ratio remains same.

cot(900 + θ) = −tanθ; cos(2700 + θ) = sin θ; cosec(900−θ) = sec θ.

Offline & Online Tuitions for Grade 9 to 12

(ii) tan 315°

(iii) sin 765°

(iv) cot (−240° )

(v) cos 1110°

(vi) sin 3060°

2. Prove each of the following :

(ii) sin(−690° ) cos(−300° ) + cos(−750° ) sin(−240° ) = 1.

(iii) cos 570° sin 510° + sin(−330° ) cos(−390° ) = 0.

(v) cos 105° + cos 15° = sin 75° − sin 15° .

(vi) cos A + cos B + cos C + cos D = 0 where A, B, C and D be angles of a cyclic

cos(360 − θ) coses (180+ θ ) cot(90 − θ)

Offline & Online Tuitions for Grade 9 to 12

7. Solve for ‘x’ :

(b) coses (270 + θ) + x sin(90 − θ) tan(180 + θ) = cos(180 − θ). [Ans: tan θ]

8. If 8θ = π , then evaluate : cos 7θ + cos θ. [Ans: 0]

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(b) cos 15π

2. Prove each of the following :

cosec (90 + θ) + cot (450 + θ ) tan(180 + θ ) + sec �180 – θ �

sin(180 + θ) cos(90 + θ) tan(270 − θ) cot �360 – θ�

3. Find the value of each :

4. In quadrilateral ABCD, prove that : sin(A + B) + sin(C + D) = 0. Imp

5. If A, B, C and D be angles of a cyclic quadrilateral taken in order then prove that:

cos(180° − A) + cos(180° + B) + cos(180° + C) − sin(90° + D) = 0.

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8π 23π 13π 35π 1

11π 4π 3 π 17π 3 − 4√3

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2. sin (x - y) = sin x . cosy - cos x . sin y

3. cos (x + y) = cos x . cosy - sin x . sin y

4. cos (x - y) = cos x . cosy + sin x . sin y

9. 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝒙 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝒚 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒙 + 𝒚) 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒙 − 𝒚).

10. 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝒙 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝒙 + 𝒚) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝒙 − 𝒚).