MDCAT

English
Quick Practice Book
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Chapter 05
Adjectives

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Modifiers
Modifier is a word, phrase, or clause that modifies- that is, gives information about-
another word in the same sentence.

Examples:
▪ Pakistan has overcome its energy crisis.
▪ The student who topped the exam prepared from Nearpeer.

Types of Modifiers
1. Adverb
2. Adjective

Adjectives
Adjective is a word that describes a noun or pronoun.

Examples:
▪ I am eating a spicy burger. (Describing a noun)
▪ He is handsome. (Describing a pronoun)
Types of Adjectives: (Placement wise)
1. Attributive
2. Predicative
3. Postpositive

1. Attributive:
Adjective that comes before a noun is called an attributive adjective.
Examples:
▪ He has ordered a new car.
▪ Ayesha likes to wear flamboyant dress.
▪ He filled a plastic bottle.

2. Predicative:
Adjectives that come after the noun is called a predicative adjective.
Examples:
▪ The match was boring.
▪ The boy was tall.
▪ The book was informative.

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 3. Postpositive:
Sometimes an adjective does occur immediately after a noun especially in certain
sectionalized expressions.
Examples:
▪ The Governor General
▪ Attorney General
▪ Postmaster General
▪ Poet Laureate
▪ Time past
There will be time enough to prepare for the exams.

Coordinate Vs Cumulative Adjectives

Coordinate Adjectives:
Coordinate adjectives describe a noun in a same way. They describe the features of
same kind. They are often called equal adjectives.
Most coordinate adjectives are adjectives of opinion or evaluation.
Examples:
▪ The handsome, intelligent boy won the contest.

Cumulative Adjectives:
Cumulative adjectives build upon each other and follow a certain order. They are
equally important and give different type of information.
Examples:
▪ Bilal has bought a new black leather jacket.

Order of Cumulative Adjectives

Determiners A
O Opinion Beautiful
S Size Big
S Shape Rectangular
C Condition Dirty
A Age Old
C Color Red
P Pattern Stripped
O Origin Persian
M Material Leather
P Purpose Travel
Noun Bag

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Types of Adjectives: (Degree wise):
1. Gradable Adjectives
▪ Regular
▪ Irregular
2. Non-Gradable/Absolute Adjectives

1- Gradable Adjectives:
Adjectives that have comparative and superlative degrees are called gradable
adjectives. These adjectives form their degrees in two ways.
i. Regular Adjectives
ii. Irregular Adjectives

i. Regular Adjectives:
Regular Adjectives form their comparative and superlative degrees either by adding “-
er” and “-est” at the end or “more” and “most” before them.
Examples:
Regular Adjectives
Positive Comparative Superlative
Small Smaller Smallest
Fast Faster Fastest
Beautiful More beautiful Most beautiful
Handsome More handsome Most handsome

Rules of Formation of Regular Adjectives:

Rule 1:
Degrees of mono or disyllabic adjectives are formed by adding an “-er” at the end for
comparative and “-est” for superlative degrees.
Examples:
Slow Slower Slowest
Fast Faster Fastest
Great Greater Greatest
Rule 2:
Degrees of tri or more syllabic adjectives are formed by adding “more” and “most”
before it for comparative and superlative degrees.
Examples:
Dangerous More dangerous Most dangerous
Fantastic More fantastic Most fantastic
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Rule 3:
Adjectives derived from other parts of speech by adding suffixes (less, full, ous,) also
add more and most before it to form their degrees.
Examples:
Beautiful More Beautiful Most Beautiful
Careless More Careless Most Careless
Courteous More Courteous Most Courteous

Rule 4:
Participles (Present & Past) also require “more” and “most” before them to form their
degrees.
Examples:
Interested More Interested Most Interested
Interesting More Interesting Most Interesting

ii. Irregular Adjectives:

Irregular adjectives form their comparative and superlative degrees in an irregular way
i.e., they do not follow the rule mentioned in regular adjectives.
Examples:
Positive Comparative Superlative
Good Better The Best
Well (Healthy) Better Best
Bad Worse The Worst
Ill Worse Worst
Far (Distance) Farther Farthest
Far (extent) Further Furthest
Late Later Latest
Late Latter Last
Little (amount) Less Least
Less Lesser Least
Many (countable) More Most
Much (uncountable) More Most
Old Older Oldest
Old (family) Elder Eldest

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Using the Degrees of Adjectives:
Comparative Degree:
Rule 1:
Use comparative degree and “than” to compare the same quality of two alike nouns.
Noun + Verb + Comparative Adjective + Than + Noun
Examples:
▪ Ali is faster than Ahmad.
▪ He looks more handsome than I.

Rule 2 (Faulty Comparisons):

Comparison occurs between same nouns i.e., person is compared with person, place
with place and thing with thing. If it is not so, it will be a faulty comparison in a
sentence.
Examples:
▪ My car is faster than Ahmad. (Wrong)
▪ My car is faster than Ahmad’s. (Correct) or
▪ My car is faster than that of Ahmad. (Correct)

Rule 3: Use of Article (the) with Comparative Degree:

i. Of the two + noun:
Use article (the) with comparative degree if the sentence contains a phrase “of the two
+ noun” phrase.
Example:
▪ She is the taller of the two sisters.

ii. Parallel comparatives:

Use article “the” with parallel comparative degrees.
Example:
▪ The higher you go the cooler it is.

Rule 4: Latin Adjectives (Use of “to” with comparative degrees)

Following Words are also used as Comparative Degree, but these are followed by 'to'
and not by 'than’.

Junior Senior Inferior Superior

Anterior Posterior Prior Preferable

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Example:
▪ Arham is five years junior to Abbas.

Superlative Degree:
Rule:
It is an adjective that takes a comparison to the highest degree.
Noun + Verb + The Superlative Adjective + Noun
Examples:
▪ Ali is the fastest boy in the class.
▪ Ahmad looks the most handsome in his family.

Absolute Adjectives/Non-Gradable Adjectives

Absolute adjectives cannot vary in intensity or grade and have a quality that cannot be
compared.

Full/complete Round
Empty Square
fatal Rectangular
Perfect Vertical
Unique Horizontal
Worldwide/ universal Blind
Supreme Left/right
Extreme wrong

More

Most

-er

-est

Cardinal Vs Ordinal Numbers

Cardinals and ordinals are adjectives that describe the numeric aspect of the noun.

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 1. Cardinal Numbers:
Cardinal adjectives indicate an absolute quantity.
All the numbers (0, 1, 2, 3, 4….) that indicate quantity are cardinal adjectives or
cardinal numbers.
Examples:
▪ There will be five hundred students on the event.
▪ I bought ten books on the annual book fair.

2. Ordinal Numbers:
Rule 1:
Use article ‘the’ while using ordinal numbers such as the first, the second, the third, the
last, the previous, the following, the penultimate, etc.
Example:
▪ The first boy in the second row has secured the position.

Rule 2:
Do not use article “the” with the ordinal numbers when they refer to steps or
sequence.
Example:
▪ First, I wake up, next I take shower then I take my breakfast.

Rule 3:
Do not use the definite article with ordinal numbers that refer to the names of awards
or honors. (First prize, second prize, third prize, first place, second place, third place,
honorable mention)
Examples:
▪ Ahmad stood first in the class.
▪ Ayesha got third position in the contest.

Rule 4:
Don’t use article ‘the’ before ordinal numbers when they are used as ‘adverbs’ or show
specific periods of time (next summer).
Example:
▪ He will come to meet his mother next winter.

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Rule 5:
When both numbers come together, their sequence will be as followed:
The + ordinal number + cardinal number
Example:
▪ I have read the first five pages of this book.

Some vs Any
Use of Some:
Rule 1: Positive Statement
▪ There is some salt in the box.
▪ There are some oranges in the basket.
▪ Ali has got some milk in his cup.
▪ They have some butter.

Rule 2: Requests or Offers

▪ Do you need some salt?
▪ Would you like some oranges?
▪ Can I give you some milk?
▪ Could I get some butter?

Use of Any:
Rule 1: Negative Statement
▪ There is not any salt in the box.
▪ There are not any oranges in the basket.
▪ Ali has not got any milk in his cup.
▪ They have not any butter.

Rule 2: Questions
▪ Do you have any salt?
▪ Are there any oranges?
▪ Is there any milk?
▪ Do they have any butter?

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Little vs Few
1. Little: For uncountable nouns (expressing quantity)
Rule 1: (Little)
“Little” is used when the quantity is almost none. It gives negative meaning.
Example:
▪ I have little milk in the cup, and I cannot make tea.

Rule 2: (a little)
“A little” is used when the quantity is considerable. It gives positive meaning.
Example:
▪ There is a little milk in the cup, and you can make tea out of it.

Rule 3: (The little)

“The little” is used when referring to the quantity as a whole.
Example:
▪ The little milk in the cup has been drunk by the cat.

2. Few: For countable nouns (Expressing number)

Rule 1: (few)
“Few” is used when the number is almost none. It is negative in meaning.
Example:
▪ Ali always looks isolated as he few friends.

Rule 2: (a few)
“A few” is used when the number is considerable. It is positive in meaning.
Example:
▪ I have a few friends who always stand by me.

Rule 3: (The few)

“The few” is used when referring to the number as a whole.
Example:
▪ The few boys who were willing to participate in the event have come outside.

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 Assessment 01
1. The main reason for population increase is due to the number of people who are born in
any year being more great than the number who die - that is the difference between the
birth rate and the death rate.
A. Is
B. Are
C. More great
D. Between

2. There was indeed much too dust to be faised by a small jeep; but it was a rescue party
none the less.
A. Was
B. Much too
C. A small
D. None

3. Standing on our a little grain of sand, we try to discover the nature and purpose of the
universe which surrounds our home in space and time.
A. A little
B. To discover
C. Which
D. In

4. The antiseptic method in surgery has led on to the aseptic method of today, where the
most ideal is to keep the patient's skin free from germs, so that the living tissues need not
be soaked in carbolic, which tends to destroy the tissue as well as the germ.
A. Led on
B. The most
C. Patient’s
D. Need not

5. The people of the two cities of Japan passed through the most cruelest period of their lives
when the atomic bombs exploded, and destroyed the glory of their culture and civilization.
A. The most cruelest
B. Lives
C. Exploded
D. Their

6.
A. The equivalent of the high street in Passy was very smarter than anything I had seen in
London.

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B. The equivalent of the high street in Passy was much smarter than anything I had seen in
London.
C. The equivalent of the high street in Passy was more smarter than anything I had seen in
London.
D. The equivalent of the high street in Passy was much smartest than anything I had seen in
London.

7.
A. Meera and Reema are two successful heroines, but Reema is the best.
B. Meera and Reema are two successful heroines, but Reema is good
C. Meera and Reema are two successful heroines, but Reema is better
D. Meera and Reema are two successful heroines, but Reema is best.

8.
A. Abdullah is the wisest and most experienced officer here.
B. Abdullah is wise and the most experienced officer here.
C. Abdullah is the wisest and the most experienced officer here.
D. Abdullah is very wise and the most experienced officer here.

9.
A. I was away for ten day and it rained each day.
B. I was away for ten days and it rained each day.
C. I was away for ten days and it rains each day.
D. I was away for ten days and it rained every day.

10.
A. In a scale model in which the stars are ships, the average ship will be well over a millions
miles from its nearest neighbour.
B. In a scale model in which the stars are ships, the average ship will be well over a million
miles from its nearest neighbour.
C. In a scale model in which the stars are ships, the average ship will be well over a million
miles from its next neighbour.
D. In a scale model in which the stars are ships, the average ship will be well over a million
miles from it’s nearest neighbour.

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 Assessment 02
1. Near this legs there was lying the broken body of a man half sunk in the sand.
A. This
B. Lying
C. A
D. Sunk

2. "They didn't know some better," his wife mused. "Such ugly people. I'm glad; they've
gone."
A. Didn’t
B. Some
C. Such
D. They’ve

3. His successor was a man named Chatteris, whom Chips liked; he was even, more young
than Ralston.
A. A
B. Whom
C. Was
D. More young

4. I was too far gone to reason now and I had a feeling that it was more impossible to explain
the thing.
A. Was
B. Had
C. More
D. The

5. Before second star began to move away again, its tidal pull had become so powerful that
this mountain was torn to pieces and threw off small parts of itself into space.
A. Second
B. Had
C. That
D. Threw off

6.
A. It is a deeply chauvinist community where few women who have jobs are ridiculed.
B. It is a deeply chauvinist community where the little women who have jobs are ridiculed.
C. It is a deeply chauvinist community where the few women who have jobs are ridiculed.
D. It is a deeply chauvinist community where a few women who have jobs are ridiculed.

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7.
A. No-one have enjoyed such popularity over such a wide range of colleagues from the very
junior to the very senior.
B. No-one has enjoyed such popularity over such a wide range of colleagues from the very
junior to the very senior.
C. No-one has enjoyed such popularity over such a wide range of colleagues from the very
junior than the very senior.
D. No-one has enjoyed such popularity at such a wide range of colleagues from the very
junior to the very senior.

8.
A. I'd love to go to this party; its the smartest social affair this year.
B. I'd love to go to this party; it's the most smartest social affair this year.
C. I'd love to go to this party; it's the most smart social affair this year.
D. I'd love to go to this party; it's the smartest social affair this year.

9.
A. The older boy kept on and gained the opposite bank.
B. The elder boy kept on and gained the opposite bank.
C. The older boy kept in and gained the opposite bank.
D. The eldest boy kept on and gained the opposite bank.

10.
A. Young people speak as fast if not faster than the old men.
B. Young people speak as fast as if not more faster than the old men.
C. Young people speak as fast as if not faster than the old men.
D. Young people speak as fast if not fast than the old men.

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 Assessment 03
1. The distorted shape of the largest of the two galaxies shows signs of tidal interactions with
the smaller of the two.
A. Largest
B. Galaxies
C. With
D. Smaller

2. Explosion can occur if the producer gas is mixed with sufficient number of air to form
explosive mixture.
A. Can
B. Mixed
C. Number
D. Explosive

3. The later town, with its shady swimming-pools and its luxuriant trees and plants, has
triumphed over the barrenness of the desert.
A. Later
B. Its
C. Has
D. Over

4. With its narrow cobbled streets and gabled houses, Brugge must be one of most beautiful
cities in Europe.
A. Its
B. Cobbled
C. Most
D. In

5. It would probably be two or three weeks before the nearest village was reached, so it was
essential for him to take enough food and drink to last that time.
A. Probably
B. Nearest
C. Was
D. Enough food

6.
A. Which is shorter of all Shakespeare's plays?
B. Which is the short of all Shakespeare's plays?
C. Which is the shorter of all Shakespeare's plays?
D. Which is the shortest of all Shakespeare's plays?

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7.
A. As the cause of the disturbance came nearer and nearest, the mountain would rise higher
and higher.
B. As the cause of the disturbance came nearer and nearer, the mountain would rise higher
and higher.
C. As the cause of the disturbance came nearer and nearest, the mountain would rise higher
and high.
D. As the cause of the disturbance came nearer and nearer, the mountain would rise highest
and higher.

8.
A. The harder this farmer works, the poorest he becomes.
B. The hardest this farmer works, the poorer he becomes.
C. The harder this farmer works, the poorer he becomes.
D. The harder this farmer works, poorer he becomes.

9.
A. There is a little milk in the bottle but the little milk that is there should be given to the child.
B. There is little milk in the bottle but little milk that is there should be given to the child.
C. There is a little milk in the bottle but little milk that is there should be given to the child.
D. There is the little milk in the bottle but the little milk that is there should be given to the
child.

10.
A. And before the second star began to move away, its tidal pull had become as powerful that
this mountain was torn to pieces.
B. And before second star began to move away, its tidal pull had become so powerful that
this mountain was torn to pieces.
C. And before the second star began to move away, its tidal pull had become so powerful
that this mountain was torn to pieces.
D. And before the second star began to move away, its tidal pull had become so powerful
that these mountain was torn to pieces.

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 Key
Assessment 01
1. c
2. b
3. a
4. b
5. a
6. b
7. c
8. c
9. b
10. b

Assessment 02
1. a
2. b
3. d
4. c
5. a
6. c
7. b
8. d
9. a
10. c

Assessment 03
1. a
2. c
3. a
4. c
5. b
6. d
7. b
8. c
9. a
10. c

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