Important Questions Class 10 Science Chapter 7

Important Questions for Class 10
Science
Chapter 7 - Control and Coordination
Very Short Answer Questions 1 Mark

1. Junctions of two neurons are called.
a) Synapse
b) Synapsis
c) Joint
d) Junction
Ans: a) Synapse
2. Which of the following is a plant hormone?

a) Insulin
b) Thyroxin
c) Oestrogen
d) Cytokinin
Ans: d) Cytokinin
3. When a person is suffering from severe cold, he or she cannot –

a) Differentiate the taste of an apple from that of an ice – cream.
b) Differentiate red light from the green light.
c) Differentiate a hot object from a cold object.
d) Differentiate the smell of perfume from that of an agarbatti
Ans: (d) Differentiate the smell of perfume from that of an agarbatti.
4. What do you mean by geotropism?

Ans: The growth of a plant due to Gravitational force is called geotropism.
Growth in the direction of the force (downward) is known as positive geotropism
and the growth in the direction opposite to the force (upward) is known as
negative geotropism.
5. Name the two sets of nerves that constitute the peripheral nervous system.
Ans: The two sets of nerves that constitute the peripheral nervous system are
I. Sympathetic nervous system
II. Parasympathetic nervous system.
6. The brain is lodged inside the cavity of the skull known as:
Class X Science www.vedantu.com 1

a) Piamater
b) Duramater
c) Cranium
d) Meninges
Ans: c) Cranium
7. The electrical impulse travels in a neuron from –

a) Dendrite → Axon → Axonal end → Cell body
b) Cell body → Dendrite → Axon → Axonal end
c) Dendrite → Cell body → Axon → Axonal end
d) Axonal end → Axon → Cell body → Dendrite
Ans: Dendrite → Cell body → Axon → Axonal end
8. Which hormone brings about the development of the mammary gland?

a) Estrogen
b) Progesterone
c) Relaxin
d) Oxytocin
Ans: Estrogen
9. Name the hormone which promotes plant growth.

Ans: The hormone which promotes plant growth is auxin.
10. Which part of the brain maintains the posture and equilibrium of the
body?
Ans: The part of the brain which maintains the posture and equilibrium of the
body is the cerebellum.
11. Which one of the endocrine glands is known as the master gland?
a) Pituitary
b) Adrenal
c) Thyroid
d) Parathyroid
Ans: a) Pituitary
12. The growth of tendrils in pea plants is due to

a) effect of light
b) effect of gravity
c) rapid cell division in tendrillar cells in contact with the support
d) rapid cell divisions in tendrillar cells that are away from the support

Ans: d) rapid cell divisions in tendrillar cells that are away from the support
13. Dwarfism results by –

a) Excess secretion of thyroxin
b) Less secretion of growth hormone
c) less secretion of adrenaline
d) Excess secretion of growth hormone.
Ans: b) Less secretion of growth hormone.
14. Write the function of the hormone “thyroxine” produced in our body.
Ans: Thyroxine produced in our body controls the overall metabolic rate of the
body, it plays a vital role in digestion, muscle function, brain development, heart,
and maintenance of bones.
15. Name the hormones secreted by the pancreas.

Ans: The hormones secreted by the pancreas are:
I. Insulin
II. Glucagon
16. The neurons that carry nerve impulses from the spinal cord to effectors
are called –
a) Sensory neurons
b) motor neurons
c) Interneurons
d) spinal neurons
Ans: Motor neurons.
17. Select the mismatched pair

a) Adrenaline – Pituitary gland
b) Testosterone – Testes
c) Estrogen – Ovary
d) Thyroxine – Thyroid gland.
Ans: Adrenaline – Pituitary gland.
18. Which one of the following is a nastic movement in plants?

a) Bending of plants towards light
b) Growing of roots towards gravity.
c) Dropping of touch – me – not leaflets on touch
d) Movement of pollen tubes towards chemicals.
Ans: Dropping of touch – me – not leaflets on touch

19. What is the function of the occipital lobe?
Ans: The function of the occipital lobe is visual perception. It includes:
i. Distance
ii. Depth perception
iii. Color determination
iv. Object recognition
v. Movement, etc.
20. Which part of the brain links the endocrine system with the nervous
system?
Ans: Hypothalamus is the part of the brain which links the endocrine system with
the nervous system.
21. The visceral nervous system controls and integrates the function of –
a) Urinary bladder
b) Blood vessels
c) Heart
d) All of the above
Ans: d) All of the above
22. Which of the following statements are true about the brain?
(i) The main thinking part of the brain is the hindbrain.
(ii) Centers of hearing, smell, memory, sight, etc are located in the forebrain.
(iii) Salivation, vomiting, and blood pressure is controlled by the medulla in
the hindbrain.
(iv) The cerebellum does not control the posture and balance of the body.
a) (i) and (ii)
b) (ii) and (iii)
c) (i), (ii) and (iii)
d) (iii) and (iv)
Ans: b) (ii) and (iii)
23. The substance that results in the fall of mature leave and fruits from
plants is due to:
a) Auxin
b) Gibberellins
c) ABA
d) Cytokinin
Ans: c) ABA

24. Name the structural and functional unit of the nervous system.
Ans: The structural and functional unit of the nervous system is the neuron (nerve
cell).
25. Name one sex hormone.

Ans: An example of a sex hormone is testosterone.
26. Which part of the brain maintains the posture and equilibrium of the
body?
Ans: The cerebellum is the part of the brain which maintains the posture and
equilibrium of the body.
27. Give an example of a plant hormone that promotes growth.

Ans: A plant hormone that promotes the growth of cells is auxin.
28. Which of the following is a plant hormone?

a) Insulin
b) Thyroxin
c) Oestrogen
d) Cytokinins
Ans: (d) Cytokinins
29. The gap between two neurons is called a

a) Dendrite
b) Synapse
c) Axon
d) Impulse
Ans: (b) synapse
30. The brain is responsible for

a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heartbeat.
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above.
Ans: (d) all of the above.
31. What name is given to the microscopic gap between two adjacent
neurons?
Ans: The microscopic gap between two adjacent neurons is known as the
synapse.
32. If we step on something sharp accidentally, we move our foot away at
once what is this type of response known as?
Ans: This type of response is known as a reflex action.
33. Apart from the hindbrain makes possible activities like walking, skating,
riding a bicycle, and picking up a pencil. Name this part of the hindbrain.
Ans: The cerebellum is the part of the brain which maintains the posture and
equilibrium of the body.
34. Name the plant hormone:

a) Which inhibits growth and causes wilting of leaves.
Ans: Abscisic acid inhibits growth and causes wilting of leaves.
b) Which promotes cell division.

Ans: Cytokinin promotes cell division.
35. Who transmits nerve impulses across the synapse?

Ans: Neurotransmitters are responsible for transmitting nerve impulses across the
synapse.
36. Give the reason why endocrine glands release theft secretions into the
blood?
Ans: Endocrine glands are ductless glands and hence instead of pouring their
hormones into ducts, they release theft secretions into the blood.
Short Answer Questions 2 Marks

1. How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other?
Ans: Difference between reflex action and involuntary action is given below:
Involuntary action Reflex Action

It is the set of muscle movement which It is rapid and spontaneous action in
do not require thinking. response to any stimulus.
It is controlled by the brain. It is controlled by the spinal cord.
Example – breathing, digestion Example- Sudden jerky withdrawal of
hand after touching something hot.
2. Why is the use of iodised salt advisable?

Ans: Iodine is a trace element and a necessary substrate for thyroid gland
hormone synthesis. It is required by the thyroid gland to make thyroxine
hormone. The use of iodised salt is advisable because it provides iodine needed
by the thyroid gland to make sufficient thyroxine for our body that helps prevent
risk of goitre.
3. Name the centre of the brain that controls

(i) Swallowing
Ans: Medulla oblongata in hind brain controls swallowing.
(ii) Hearing
Ans: Cerebrum in forebrain controls hearing.
4. Represent schematically the path of a reflex action.

Ans: The path of a reflex action is represented below:
5. Why are some patients of diabetes treated by giving injections of insulin?

Ans: Some patients of diabetes are treated by giving injections of insulin because
insulin hormone regulates the levels of sugar in the blood. In diabetic patients,
insulin hormone is not secreted by pancreas in the required amount and therefore
blood sugar level rises.
6. Which signal will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury?

Ans: Spinal cord controls the reflex actions. And hence, the effects of spinal cord
injury are:
a) Disturbed involuntary actions.
b) Disturbed reflex actions.
c) Inability of the quick response required to safeguard the body.
7. How does a touch – me – not plant respond to touching? What is this

movement called?
Ans: Touch – me – not plant responds to touching by folding its leaflets and this
type of movement is called growth independent movement i.e., the movement of
plants that do not result in their growth.
8. What are phytohormones? Name them.

Ans: Phytohormones are synthesized at sites away from where they act. They
diffuse to the area of action and help to co – ordinate growth, development and
responses to the environment. Phytohormones are –
a) Auxin
b) Gibberellins
c) Cytokinin
d) Abscisic acid
e) Ethylene.
9. What is the role of the brain in reflex action?

Ans: A reflex action is a rapid and spontaneous action in response to any
stimulus. It is controlled by the spinal cord. Example- Sudden jerky withdrawal
of hand after touching something hot. The reflex action is instant where thinking
is not involved and hence the brain has no role. Although the data also travels to
the brain, where the interaction is remembered and we become aware of our
actions.
10. How is control and coordination between the environment and plants
brought about?
Ans: Plants responses are of two types
a) Growth dependent – They are due to cell divisions.
b) Growth independent response – They are due to change in the amount of
water.
Plants do not perform control & coordination like animals but they give responses
to external stimuli like touch, light, and chemicals, etc.
11. Give two examples of functions in plants that are regulated by light.
Ans: The two functions in plants that are regulated by light are:

a) Seed germination - Breaking of dormancy
b) Photosynthesis – Respiration process
12. What is coordination? Give an example.

Ans: Coordination is a process through which two or more organs interact and
complement the functions of one to adjust the vital activities of life. For example
– under stressed conditions, the adrenal gland secretes the adrenaline hormone
which prepares the body to face the emergency by increasing the breathing rate
and heartbeat so that more oxygen can be supplied to the body.
13. How do endocrine glands help in maintaining feedback control?

Ans: The timing and amount of hormones released are regulated by the feedback
mechanism. The endocrine system depends on the feedback system concerning
hormones. There are two different kinds of feedback systems –
a) Negative Feedback – This mechanism prevents deviation from the ideal
mean value. For ex- less glucose levels in the blood do not induce the
pancreatic cells to produce insulin so that less conversion of glucose to
glycogen may occur.
b) Positive Feedback – These mechanisms encourage departure from the
desired value's mean. For example, a high blood glucose level causes.
Insulin is produced by pancreatic cells, which transforms glucose to
glycogen.
14. Which types of glands in the human body secrete hormones? State any
one location for them.
Ans: Three types of glands that secrete hormones in the human body are-
a) Exocrine gland – These types of glands have ducts that do not secrete their
secretion into the blood. For example – the salivary gland.
b) Endocrine gland – These types of glands do not have ducts, they pour their
secretion into blood. For example – The pituitary gland.
15. What is the result of hypothyroidism in children called?

Ans: The result of hypothyroidism in children is known as exophthalmic goiter.
The exophthalmic goiter results in bulging of eyes, increased blood pressure, and
heartbeat.
16. How is flowering affected in plants by various hormones?

Ans: Flowering is affected in plants by various hormones such as auxins and
cytokinin promotes female flowers while gibberellins promote male flowers.
Duration of light affects flowering in long-day plants and short-day plants.
17. Name the fluid-filled between the meninges of the brain. What are its
functions?
Ans: The fluid-filled between the meninges of the brain is known as the
cerebrospinal fluid. Its function is to protect the brain from mechanical shocks.
18. Name any two heterocrine glands and mention their function.
Ans: The two heterocrine glands are:
a) Pancreas – Its endocrine function is to produce insulin and glucagon. Its
exocrine function is to release digestive enzymes.
b) Ovaries – Its endocrine function is to produce estrogen and progesterone
hormone. Its exocrine function is to produce female gametes.
19. What is the response of the stem towards light & gravity?
Ans: Plants' growth response to gravity is known as gravitropism and to light
is phototropism. The stem shows a positive response toward the light i.e., it grows
in the direction of the light and it shows a negative response toward gravity i.e.,
it grows in the opposite direction of gravity.
20. Name two activities that are regulated by plant pigments.

Ans: The two activities that are regulated by plant pigments are:
a) The response to the photoperiodic stimulus – due to some specialized
pigments and phytochromes.
b) The control and coordination in plants with their environment.
21. How do we detect the smell of an agarbatti (incense stick)?

Ans: Olfactory receptors help us detect the smell of an agarbatti. When you smell
the scent of an incense stick, it first reaches your nose, where it is detected by the
olfactory receptors. It is then sent to the forebrain in the form of electrical signals.
The forebrain then interprets these electrical signals as the smell of an incense
stick.
22. What are plant hormones?

Ans: Hormones are the chemicals that help to coordinate growth, and
development. Plant hormones are the chemicals that help to coordinate growth,
development, flowering and response to the environment in plants. For example
– auxins, gibberellins, abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinin, etc.

21. How is the movement of leaves of the sensitive plant different from the
movement of a shoot towards light?
Ans: In the movement of leaves of sensitive plants, growth is not involved and
movement is away from the source. Whereas, in the movement of shoot towards
light, growth is involved and movement is towards the source.
22. How does chemical coordination take place in animals?

Ans: The chemical co – ordination in animals takes place through a hormonal
system called endocrine system. Animal hormones are chemical messengers
which are directly poured into the blood by the endocrine glands. Thus, a
hormone reaches the cells. The cells have special molecules on their surface to
detect these chemical compounds and recognize the information a particular
hormone carries. There the cells act accordingly. The chemical co – ordination is
fast as hormones diffuse readily around the cells.
23. Give one example of a plant part.

a) Which is positively hydrotropic as well as positively geotropic.
Ans: Roots are positively hydrotropic as well as positively geotropic.
b) Which is positively phototropic but negatively geotropic.

Ans: Stem is positively phototropic but negatively geotropic.
24. The neck of a person appears to be swollen.

a) Name the disease this person is suffering from.
Ans: The person is suffering from goitre.
b) Name the mineral whose deficiency in the diet causes this disease.
Ans: Deficiency of iodine in the diet causes this disease.
25. Taking the example of heart beat, justify the antagonistic action of the
sympathetic and the parasympathetic nerves.
Ans: Antagonistic action of the sympathetic nerve – increases contraction and
rhythm with respect to heart beat.
Antagonistic action of the parasympathetic nerve – decreases contraction and
rhythm with respect to heart beat.
26. Why is abscisic acid known as stress hormone in plants?

Ans: Abscisic acid is known as a stress hormone in plants because unlike growth
hormone, it inhibits growth and causes wilting of leaves.

27. Name the part of neuron
a) where information is acquired.
Ans: Dendrite is the part of the neuron where information is acquired.
b) through which information travels as an electrical impulse.

Ans: Axon is the part of the neuron through which information travels as an
electrical impulse.
28. Why do leaves drop off seasonally?

Ans: The leaves drop off seasonally because of the cuts off supply of nutrients
and water to leaves which happened due to stopped production of auxin.
29. A person suffered a head injury, due to which he faces breathing

problems. No problem was detected with his respiratory system. What could
be the cause of this problem?
Ans: A person suffered a head injury, faces breathing problems because he had
injured his medulla oblongata. Medulla oblongata controls the respiratory system
so he will be affected by breathing problems.
30. In a family of normal sized members, there are two exceptions, one
member is dwarf and one is tall like “Khali”. What could be the cause of it?
Ans: Uneven heights in the family is caused due to malfunctioning of the growth
hormone. In case of dwarfs, there is a deficiency of growth hormone whereas in
case of giants there is an excess of growth hormone. Growth hormones are
secreted from the pituitary gland.
31. Why do you blink your eyes as bright light is focused on you?
Ans: We blink our eyes as bright light is focused on us due to reflex action. It is
done to protect the eye from bright light which otherwise would damage the
retina. The pupils regulate the amount of light which enters your eyes. Hence,
blinking the eyes cuts off the excessive light.
32. There is a polled plant in your drawing room, after a few days you notice
that plant has bent to one side. What could be the reason? How has this
movement been coordinated?
Ans: The polled plant in your drawing room, after a few days bent to one side
due to phototropic movement of the stem and it happens because of unequal
growth of the stem on both sides which is initiated by the auxin hormone.

33. A leaf shaped gland is present above the intestine. The secretion of this
gland regulates the metabolism of sugar in blood. Name the secretion and
gland.
Ans: A leaf shaped gland that is present above the intestine and whose secretion
regulates the metabolism of sugar in blood is the pancreas. The secretion is Insulin
from special cells in it.
Short Answer Questions (3 Marks)

1. Mention three important functions of gibberellins.
Ans: Three important functions of Gibberellins are –
a) Stimulate stem elongation.
b) Help in breaking seed dormancy.
c) Promote production of male flowers.
2. What is the function of receptors in our body? What happens when

receptors do not work properly?
Ans: The receptors detect information from the environment. If they do not work
properly, the information will not be detected or will be detected late, due to
which further process will be delayed and the signals will take time reaching the
spinal cord or the brain. Hence, the response to the environmental stimulus will
be delayed causing harm to the body.
3. What happens at the synapse between two neurons?

Ans: Junctions of two neurons is called synapses. When a receptor detects a
stimulus, chemicals is set off through the neurons. These electric signals travel
from the dendrite of the presynaptic neuron to its cell body and then along its
axon. At the end of axon of this neuron, the electrical impulse crosses the synapse
and starts a similar electrical impulse in the dendrite of the next neuron.
4. What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism?

Ans: The control and coordination in an organism is needed for the proper
functioning of the body. It handles appropriate movement in response to any
external stimulus.
Multicellular organisms have a complex body and hence it coordinates with
various organs of the body of an organism working together in a proper manner
to produce proper reaction to stimulus. For example – under stressed conditions,
the adrenal gland secretes the adrenaline hormone which prepares the body to
face the emergency by increasing the breathing rate and heartbeat so that more
oxygen could be provided to the body.

5. Pituitary is a master endocrine gland. Justify this statement.
Ans: Pituitary gland is a master gland because it regulates the secretion of other
endocrine glands such as -
a) Growth hormones
b) Thyroid stimulating hormone
c) Adrenocorticotropic hormone
d) Follicle stimulating hormone
e) Luteinizing hormone
f) Prolactin
Pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain and is attached to the
hypothalamus by nerve fibres and blood vessels. The pituitary gland consists of
Anterior lobe and Posterior lobe.
6. Draw the structure of the neuron and explain its function.

Ans: The basic structure of a neuron has three components –
a) Cell body
b) Dendrites
c) Axon
Function:
Junctions of two neurons is called synapses. When a receptor detects a stimulus,
chemicals is set off through the neurons. These electric signals travel from the
dendrite of the presynaptic neuron to its cell body and then along its axon. At the
end of axon of this neuron, the electrical impulse crosses the synapse and starts a
similar electrical impulse in the dendrite of the next neuron.
7. How does our body respond when adrenaline is secreted into the blood?
Ans: Adrenaline is a hormone which is involved in regulating visceral functions.
The adrenal glands and a few neurons in the medulla oblongata ordinarily create
adrenaline. Under stressed conditions, the adrenal gland secretes the adrenaline
hormone which prepares the body to face the emergency by increasing the
breathing rate and heartbeat so that more oxygen can be supplied to the body. The
blood flow to the epidermis and digestive system declines while it increases to
the skeletal muscles.
8. Where are Pons and medulla oblongata located? Write their functions.
Ans: Pons and medulla Oblongata are present in hindbrain.
Function of Pons – it acts as a bridge between brain and spinal cord.
Function of Medulla oblongata – it controls activities like salivation, swallowing,
vomiting, breathing, coughing, sneezing, heartbeat, sleep, consciousness and
activities of cerebrum.
9. List the function of testosterone and estrogen. Where are they secreted?
Ans: Testosterone is secreted in male bodies.
Function of testosterone – It is responsible for development of male sex organs
and secondary sex characteristics like moustache, beard & voice.
Estrogen is secreted in male bodies.
Function of estrogen – it is responsible for development of female sex organs and
secondary sex characteristics like mammary gland and uterine growth.
10. Define ‘nerve impulse’. Which structure in a neuron helps to conduct a

nerve impulse?
a) Towards the cell body?
Ans: Nerve Impulse is a wave of the passing of information through neurons in
the form of electrical and chemical signals. Dendrite helps to conduct a nerve
impulse towards the cell body.
b) Away from the cell body?

Ans: Nerve Impulse is a wave of the passing of information through neurons in
the form of electrical and chemical signals. Axon helps to conduct a nerve
impulse away from the cell body.
11. Differentiate between axon and dendrites?

Ans: Difference between axon and dendrites is:
Axon Dendrons
They are long. They are small.
It is only one. They are numerous.
They are unbranched. They are branched.

Terminal branches have swollen Terminal swollen knobs are absent.
knobs.
Direction of the nerve impulse is away Direction of nerve impulse is towards
from the cyton. the cyton.
12. Mention the structure of the human brain.

Ans: The structure of human brain is outlined below,
13. What are tropic movements? Name the types of tropic movements in
plants.
Ans: Tropic movement is the bending or movement of a part of a plant in
response to the external stimulus. The types of tropic movements in plants are:
a) Phototropism – response to light.
b) Geotropism – response to gravity
c) Chemotropism - response to chemicals.
d) Hydrotropism – response to water.
14. Name the different lobes of cerebrum.

Ans: There are four lobes of cerebrum –

a) Frontal lobe – The part of the brain associated with reasoning.
b) Parietal lobe – The part of the brain associated with perception of general
sensation s like pressure, touch and pain.
c) Occipital lobe – The part of the brain associated with visual perception.
d) Temporal lobe – The part of the brain associated with formation of memory
and interpretation of sound and the language.
15. How do auxins promote the growth of tendril around a support?

Ans: Auxin present in the plants is a growth hormone. When the tip of a tendril
touches a support, auxins in its tip move away from the support. Hence, the side
of the tendril away from the support grows faster and becomes longer than the
side which is in contact with the support and makes the tendril curve towards the
support.
16. Write different between exocrine and endocrine glands.

Ans: Difference between endocrine and exocrine gland is given below:
Endocrine gland Exocrine gland

They do not have ducts. They have ducts.
They secrete hormones. They secrete enzymes.
They pour their secretion into the They pour their secretion into the
ducts. blood.
They are located away from the site of They are located near the site of
action. action.
17. What are the different kinds of neurons?

Ans: There are three different kinds of neurons –
a) Sensory neurons – their work is to convey impulses from receptors to the
main nervous system.
b) Motor neurons – their work is to carry impulses from the main nervous
system to an effector.
c) Connecting (Relay) neurons – their work is to connect sensory and motor
centres.
18. You have touched a hot object. Represent diagrammatically the path that
leads to a response, i.e., quickly pulling back the hand.
Ans: The diagrammatic representation of the path that leads to a response when
we touch a hot object is as below:

19. Nervous and hormonal system together performs the functions of control
and coordination in human beings. Justify the statement.
Ans: Nervous and hormonal systems together perform the function of control and
coordination in human beings. Under stressed conditions, the stimulus is being
perceived by the Central Nervous System which stimulates the adrenal gland that
secretes the adrenaline hormone which prepares the body to face the emergency
by increasing the breathing rate and heartbeat so that more oxygen could be
provided to the body. The blood flow to the epidermis and digestive system
declines while it increases to the skeletal muscles.

20. What is the difference between a reflex action and walking?
Ans: Difference between reflex action and walking is given below:
Reflex Action Walking

It is controlled by the spinal cord. It is controlled by the cerebellum.
It is instant. It involves thought process.
It is an involuntary action. It is a voluntary action.
21. Design an experiment to demonstrate hydrotropism.

Ans: To demonstrate hydrotropism, take a tin box and make a hole its bottom.
Fill the tin with moist saw dust and sow some gram seeds in it. In the next step,
when the seed starts germinating, keep the tin box in a tilted position. After some
time when you water the tin, you will observe that the radicle moves towards the
wet saw dust which demonstrates positive hydrotropism.
22. How phototropism does occur in plants?

Ans: Movement of shoot towards light is termed as phototropism. This
movement is induced by increased cell proliferation on the shaded side of the
shoot compared to the light side of the shoot. Auxin production towards the
shaded side causes more cell development.
23. How does chemical coordination occur in plants?

Ans: Unlike animals, plants do not have a nervous system. Chemical coordination
in plants is maintained by plant hormones also known as phytohormones. Some
plant hormones are auxin, Gibberellins, Cytokinin etc. When sunlight falls on the
side, the auxins hormone causes the shady side of the shoot to grow faster.
Cytokinin is involved in helping the cell division.

24. How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each
other?
Ans: Difference between involuntary and reflex actions is given below:
Involuntary action Reflex Action

It is the set of muscle movement which It is rapid and spontaneous action in
do not require thinking. response to any stimulus.
It is controlled by brain. It is controlled by spinal cord.
Example – breathing, digestion Example- Sudden jerky withdrawal of
hand after touching something hot.
25. Compare and contrast nervous system and hormonal control and
coordination in animals.
Ans: Difference between nervous control and hormonal control is given below:
Nervous control Hormonal control

Work is done by the nervous system. Work is done by the hormones.
Short lasting response Long lasting response
Not specific Highly specific
26. What is the difference between the manner in which movement’s takes
place in a sensitive plant and movement in our legs?
Ans: Difference between movement in a sensitive plant and movement in our
legs is given below:
Movement in a sensitive plant Movement in our legs

No specialized tissue Specialized nervous tissue
Change shape depending upon the Contract or relax by the movement.
amount of water in them.
Do not have specialized proteins. Have specialized proteins.
27. On touching a hot plate, you suddenly withdraw your hand. Which
category of neurons became active first and which one next?
Ans: Suddenly withdrawing the hand on touching a hot plate is an example of
reflex action. Hence, first the sensory neurons are activated, which take the
information to the spinal cord. After that, the motor neurons become active and
bring the impulses from the brain to the muscles.

28. How does the plant shoot bends, when the plant is placed in a room
having only one open window?
Ans: The shoot of the plant bends towards the direction of light when the plant is
placed in such a room that has only one open window and this happens due to the
auxin which is a plant growth hormone. Auxin diffuses towards the shady side of
the shoot and stimulates the cells to live longer on the side of the shoot which is
away from light.
29. Give a reason to explain why

a) adrenaline helps in dealing emergency situations?
Ans: Under stressed conditions, the stimulus is being perceived by Central
Nervous System which stimulates the adrenal gland that secretes the adrenaline
hormone which prepares the body to face the emergency by increasing the
breathing rate and heartbeat so that more oxygen can be supplied to the body. The
blood flow to the epidermis and digestive system declines while it increases to
the skeletal muscles.
b) secretions of growth hormone should be specific in the human body?

Ans: Secretions of growth hormone should be specific in the human body
because if growth hormones is secreted in excess quantity then it will lead to
gigantism while the less secretion of this hormone causes dwarfism.
c) A man becomes unconscious due to head injury. A pin is pricked on his

foot, he withdraws his foot. Why? Explain.
Ans: Withdrawal of the foot when a pin is pricked on the foot is an example of
the reflex action and reflex actions are controlled by the spinal cord and not by
the brain. Hence, although being injured on the head, the person will withdraw
his foot.
Long Answer Questions 5 Marks

1. Compare nervous and hormonal mechanism for control
Ans: Difference between nervous control and hormonal control is given below:
Nervous control Hormonal control

Work is done by the nervous system. Work is done by the hormones.
Short lasting response Long lasting response
Not specific Highly specific
Made up of neurons Made up of secretory cells
Messages transferred in the form of Messages transferred in the form of
electrical signals. chemical signals.
Transferred along nerve fibres Transferred along blood stream
Messages travel quickly Messages travel slowly
2. Mention one function for each of these hormones.

a) Thyroxine
Ans: Thyroxine controls the overall metabolic rate of the body.
b) Insulin
Ans: Insulin converts glucose to glycogen in liver and muscles and controls the
blood sugar level.
c) Adrenaline
Ans: Adrenaline increases heartbeat and blood pressure.
d) Growth hormone
Ans: Growth hormones are responsible for body growth and development of
bones.
e) Testosterone.
Ans: Testosterone is the male hormone and develops male sex organs and
secondary sex characteristics like moustache, beard and voice.
3. Write the following:

a) what are hormones?
Ans: Hormones are chemical substances which helps in growth, control and
coordination on a living organism. They are secreted in very less amount by
endocrine glands.
b) list four characteristics of hormones

Ans: Four characteristics of hormones are –
(i) They are required in very less amount.
(ii) Hormones are specific in their function.
(iii) They act away from the site of production.
(iv) Deficiency or over secretions of hormones have negative effects in the body.
4. Describe Nervous system in humans.

Ans: A flow chart of human nervous system is given below:


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Important Questions for Class 10

Very Short Answer Questions 1 Mark

2. Which of the following is a plant hormone?

3. When a person is suffering from severe cold, he or she cannot –

4. What do you mean by geotropism?

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7. The electrical impulse travels in a neuron from –

8. Which hormone brings about the development of the mammary gland?

9. Name the hormone which promotes plant growth.

12. The growth of tendrils in pea plants is due to

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13. Dwarfism results by –

15. Name the hormones secreted by the pancreas.

17. Select the mismatched pair

18. Which one of the following is a nastic movement in plants?

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25. Name one sex hormone.

27. Give an example of a plant hormone that promotes growth.

28. Which of the following is a plant hormone?

29. The gap between two neurons is called a

30. The brain is responsible for

34. Name the plant hormone:

b) Which promotes cell division.

35. Who transmits nerve impulses across the synapse?

Short Answer Questions 2 Marks

Involuntary action Reflex Action

2. Why is the use of iodised salt advisable?

3. Name the centre of the brain that controls

4. Represent schematically the path of a reflex action.

5. Why are some patients of diabetes treated by giving injections of insulin?

6. Which signal will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury?

7. How does a touch – me – not plant respond to touching? What is this

8. What are phytohormones? Name them.

9. What is the role of the brain in reflex action?

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12. What is coordination? Give an example.

13. How do endocrine glands help in maintaining feedback control?

15. What is the result of hypothyroidism in children called?

16. How is flowering affected in plants by various hormones?

20. Name two activities that are regulated by plant pigments.

21. How do we detect the smell of an agarbatti (incense stick)?

22. What are plant hormones?

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22. How does chemical coordination take place in animals?

23. Give one example of a plant part.

b) Which is positively phototropic but negatively geotropic.

24. The neck of a person appears to be swollen.

26. Why is abscisic acid known as stress hormone in plants?

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b) through which information travels as an electrical impulse.

28. Why do leaves drop off seasonally?

29. A person suffered a head injury, due to which he faces breathing

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Short Answer Questions (3 Marks)

2. What is the function of receptors in our body? What happens when

3. What happens at the synapse between two neurons?

4. What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism?

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6. Draw the structure of the neuron and explain its function.