Nucleic Acids 9 CUL 2024

Nucleic acids
(DNA - RNA)
Have you ever thought about the importance of
DNA in society?
Designed by: Sebastián Astroz Science

Is it science fiction? What do you
think about it?
Nucleic acids
Nucleic acids, and DNA in particular, are key
macromolecules for the continuity of life. DNA carries the
heredatiry information that’s passed on from parents to
children, providing instructions for how (and when) to make
proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells,
tissues and organisms
Macromolecules or
biomolecules
Lipids Nucleic acids Carbohydrates Proteins

Roles
They are macromolecules made out of units called
nucleotides, come in two naturally varieties
Deoxyribonucleic acid Ribonucleic acid
(DNA) (RNA)
Have you seen
DNA in real
life?
Rosalind Franklin’s
DNA picture
famous photo 51
DNA characteristics
It’s tipically found in a double helix, a
structure in which two matching chains
are stuck together
It has nitrogenous bases extend into

interior. Those bases are bound to each
other by hydrogen bonds.
Sugar and phospates are

outside the helix, forming the
backbone of DNA
The two strands of the helix run in opposite
directions, meaning that the 5' end of one
strand is paired up with the 3' end of its
matching (antiparallel orientation)
The size and functional groups of the bases are

highly specific. “A” can only pair with “T”, and
“G” only pair with “C”.
5' TACGATTGA 3'

DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid Nucleotides
They are the base of
Sugar Macro - molecule nucleic acids (DNA and
(stores genetic information)
RNA). Each nucleotide is
made up of three parts:
A nitrogenous base
A five carbon sugar
A phospate sugar
PHOSPHATE
BASE
DEOXYRIBOSE
SUGAR
Purines and pyrimidines
Mnemotechny
“Pure As Gold”
Mnemotechny
“Pyramids are sharp,
they CUT”
Check your understanding Exercise 1
The following diagram shows nucleotide base-pairing in a double-stranded DNA
molecule. The nitrogenous bases in two of the nucleotides are labeled.
Which of the following correctly compares
nitrogenous bases A and B?
A. Nitrogenous base A is a pyrimidine, while
nitrogenous base B is a purine.
B. Nitrogenous base A is a purine, while
nitrogenous base B is a pyrimidine.
C. Nitrogenous base A and B are both
pyrimidines
D. Nitrogenous base A and B are both
purines
Check your understanding
The following diagram shows nucleotide base-pairing in a double-stranded DNA
molecule. The nitrogenous bases in two of the nucleotides are labeled.
Which of the following correctly compares
nitrogenous bases A and B?
A. Nitrogenous base A is a pyrimidine, while
nitrogenous base B is a purine.
B. Nitrogenous base A is a purine, while
nitrogenous base B is a pyrimidine.
C. Nitrogenous base A and B are both
pyrimidines
D. Nitrogenous base A and B are both
purines
Nucleotides and hydrogen bonds
Nucleotide
Hydrogen bonds
How are nucleotides
linked?
They are linked throught phospodiester bond. It occurs
when exactly two of hydroxil groups (OH) in phosporic acid
react with other hydroxil groups on other molecules.
Check your understanding Exercise 2
El ADN, desde el punto de vista químico, es

un polímero de nucleótidos. Los
nucleotidos están formados por un grupo
fosfato, una desoxirribosa y una base
nitrogenada. Los enlaces entre los
nucleótidos se forman entre el grupo
hidróxilo (OH), ubicado en el carbono 3 de
la desoxirribosa del primer nucleotido, y el
grupo fosfato (PO4), ubicado en el
carbono 5 de la desoxirribosa del segundo
nucleótido, es decir, la cadena tiene una
orientación 5' --- 3'.
El ADN es una doble hélice y sus dos cadenas son antiparalelas, esto quiere decir
que
A. Ambas cadenas tienen la misma orientación.
B. Una cadena va en orientación 5' ---- 3' y la otra 3' ---- 5'.
C. Una cadena posee una purina y la otra una pirimidina
D. Una cadena tienen una ribosa y la otra una desoxirribosa

El ADN es una doble hélice y sus dos cadenas son antiparalelas, esto quiere decir
que
A. Ambas cadenas tienen la misma orientación.
B. Una cadena va en orientación 5' ---- 3' y la otra 3' ---- 5'.
C. Una cadena posee una purina y la otra una pirimidina
D. Una cadena tienen una ribosa y la otra una desoxirribosa

Phospodiester bond
The phosphate group of the 5′ carbon of one nucleotide
and the 3′carbon of another nucleotide typically create a
covalent interaction known as a phosphodiester bond
through the establishment of an ester linkage.
Practice exercise 1
Feline panleukopenia is a highly contagious and often fatal illness seen in
both wild and domestic cats. The infection is caused by the feline
panleukopenia virus, also known as FPLV. The nucleotide composition of the
FPLV genome is shown in the following table.
Nucleotide % of FPLV genome According to the data in the table, the

FPLV genome is made up of
Guanine (G) 19.9 %
A. Single - stranded RNA
Thymine (T) 28.2 % B. Double - stranded DNA
C. Double - stranded RNA
Cytosine (C) 15.7 %
D. Single - stranded DNA
Adenine (A) 36.2 %
Practice exercise 2
The following picture shows the structure of a
nucleic acid. According to your knowledge,
answer the next questions:
A. Is it ARN or DNA? Explain
B. What kind of nitrogenous bases are there?
Write their classification and their names.
C. Are there any nucleotides? If so, write the
number of those ones
D. How many H20 molecules are produced in
that structure? Explain
Chargaff’s rules
Chargaff analyzed the DNA of different
species, determining its composition of A, T,
C, and G bases. He mad several key
observations:
The amount of the bases varied among
species, but not between individuals of
the same species
The amount of A always equalled the
amount of T, and the amount of C
always equalled the amount of G (A=T
and G=C)

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Nucleic acids

Designed by: Sebastián Astroz Science

Lipids Nucleic acids Carbohydrates Proteins

It has nitrogenous bases extend into

Sugar and phospates are

The size and functional groups of the bases are

5' TACGATTGA 3'

El ADN, desde el punto de vista químico, es

C. Una cadena posee una purina y la otra una pirimidina

D. Una cadena tienen una ribosa y la otra una desoxirribosa

C. Una cadena posee una purina y la otra una pirimidina

D. Una cadena tienen una ribosa y la otra una desoxirribosa

Nucleotide % of FPLV genome According to the data in the table, the

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