Pn Noriza bt Awang Kechik @ Ramli Department of Civil Engineering
1 LECTURE 1 Introduction to Steel Structures
2 Steel Structures Beijing's National Stadium, nicknamed the Bird's Nest Steel Structures Steel Structures Steel Structures
The Eiffel Tower, Paris Steel Structures
Shea Stadium, New York
Steel Structures DCC 6262- LEARNING OUTCOMES • Apply the fundamental knowledge and principle of steel structure members and connection design in combined loading cases or certain structure arrangement using EUROCODE 3 (EC3).
• Accomplish design calculation for structure members
and connection of single storey building to ensure and utility of the structure according to EC3.
• Practice effective communication skills to deliver an
oral/written presentation of design project with suitable visual support.
4 1.0 INTRODUCTION • This topic introduce students with the new design code – Eurocodes. It covers the development of Eurocodes Standard and the basic of structural design. The principles of action factor, material properties and classification of cross- section. 2.0 BEAM DESIGN • This topic discusses the basic equation used in steel beam design. Emphasis has been placed mostly on the analysis associated with the ultimate limit state but the behaviour of the section within the elastic range and the serviceability limit state has also been considered. Design for the restrained and unrestrained steel beam is due to the bending. 3.0 COLUMN DESIGN • This topic deals with the determination of compression, buckling, bending moment and lateral torsional buckling (LTB) for column subject to axial load and moment. Detailing requirements ensure that a structure has satisfactory durability and serviceability performance under normal circumstances. 4.0 ROOF TRUSS DESIGN • This topic covers primarily of producing truss member which will functioning satisfactorily under working loads. The design of bolted and welded members subject to tension and compression load covered. 5.0 DESIGN OF CONNECTION • This topic focuses on fasteners covering the basic strength of bolt in shear and the resistance of fillet welds. It also covers the role of connections in overall frame design, various possible approaches to joint classification and global frame analysis. Students will be taught the design for various types of connection. 6.0 DESIGN OF SINGLE STOREY STEEL BUILDING (PRACTICAL) • This practical exercise will provide students the hands-on experience in designing the single storey steel building according to EC3 through manual calculation and/or software aided. Students will also have to produce structural detailing. REQUIREMENTS • Eurocode 3 : Design of Steel Structures a) Part 1.1 : General rules and rules for building b) Part 1.8 : Design of joints • BS 6399 : LOADING FOR BUILDINGS Part 1 : Code of Practice for Dead and Imposed Loads
Function. I – Planning Stage. Size. Cost (Budget) Architectural II – Design Stage. Structural III – Construction Stage.
IV – Operation and Maintenance Stage.
7 Structural Design
It is a mixture of art and science to produce a
safe and economical structure that serves its intended purpose. • Min. Weight. • Min. Cost. Design is an • Min Construction Time. optimization process • Min. Labor Force. • Min. Operational Cost.
8 Structural Design
Safety
Serviceability
Economy
Practicality History of STEEL STRUCTURES
1780 – 1840 Cast Iron.
Arch-shaped bridges up to 30m span. 1840 – 1890 Wrought Iron. Spans up to100m. 1870 – 1920 Bessemer Converter Introduction to Carbon Steel. 1920 to date Second most popular construction material after Concrete.
22 Built-up Sections Structural Steel - Characteristics Elasticity: Ability of metal to return to its original shape after loading and subsequent unloading
Fatigue: Cycling loading and unloading stresses material above
its endurance limit and leads to failure
Ductility: Deformation without fracture beyond the elastic limit
(inelastic behavior) High Ductility
Toughness: Combination of strength and ductility
High toughness Structural Steel - Characteristics Maintenance: Susceptible to Corrosion when exposed to air and water Use paints, or weathering steels
Fireproofing: Strength reduces with increased temperature -
Fireproofing required Advantages and disadvantages of steel as a structural material •High strength / weight ratio – suitable for high rise and long span bridges •Ductility – steel experience large plastic deformation before failure occurs. Will not fail suddenly, it gives ample warning in terms of large deflection before failure. •Isotropic behaviour •Rapid construction – quick economic return •Quick to repair •Repetitive use •Easy to fabricate…… 10 Disadvantages
• General cost • Fire – reduced strength (>400 c) , heat conductor • General maintenance • Buckling
11 Fire Protection For Steel Intumescent Paint Systems
Spraying Intumescent Paint Systems
Finished Product Cementitious Fire Spray Systems
Spraying Cementitious Fire Spray Systems
Finished Product Boarded Fire Protection Systems
Installing Boarded Fire Protection Systems Finished Product Design Project
