he lunmelund o classucal Physucs

Foraday
Neoor
tuygens Coulemb Has rel

Specbum Solo odiau

the
muM
deriy is iw
Osci
isUu Lgen
thhae
coun pick
Ryes
gho
deniy

2SD Soo too 12-51

AM)

Sunlaly Metals kealud e

Hemberolunes wul h o Muwla CwLre

Obyecb l k d a ad above 4ooo k mib oF

tute ligh ve thuus appea o gloo

Human body a 3lo k A also colinuousy

Lmitlung Caduoluen bu nõ tn rai ble
Lmatlung
Renon 1 hus deCn'apear to euo
 Bla ck booly
5o0o k

4ooo k
3000 k

Soo 1500 Fig 2

ACnm)

folloeing con be naecd om he

0.bovespecha
EMAg disbubuuen unietm
2) unsiy Xaduahon eLoals ort wnwaal un
oarelonglh gnd ad paslicula warelengh,
a

ecOm es
um ( max ) i dlau o
leoeas or Une aa uw Lavelung!h.

T b Lowel oarelenglh

e mox lcneaols

4)Jasoughou all the warelenglhs, * as T,ET

Area wndu pali culr CUAve Lolal

pmilticd ot
om oilioulas Jonmperalime
 15la ck Bocly aduoluon

Block booly xadiolon ns re he towt Lxhvumenlo

wechanus
thot lood lo Quanlum

Perech blak btdly

wueko absesbs lo o
looo
blodk boely i t pe
wradiales
wradiades

ec iFo
a, pnd
d
Lncuclenl pon
ion
adualon
the

oo o adualon

Cblack body adiolet

ou odeol
lack boc
guven by Cu
Jhe addualuowa c k boop ooualiow
callo

9s90yesned su
osevauon
bloek bedy
Jh dlales
a ls ho
ee
e e ot
a t Thwumal
Thbumal

ohic

uchof o A
Tbec
e c mmusb
us
redaloo

eguilibu
wm he pow
he

ow absosbed

be 9 u o l lo

ewiire poel
pmissive pawel aeee
blatk' bocly
Fb

Coelidevd o obserhtuD
o tho body
By Lol 19 CLndsy much dala on lack body
uOdualuDn avoulalte Omd 08moponding
Apecltums woe alsD avcülable

On bass of hio Jose tlan in 1219, broposd

inowasw
tha nvgy w em a ack boolg
albs oule Jomberalwe,
h olh
owdh þower o at
T E =T1

Dn i ritt oblack boey

211 R e
IShSc2
Pouse pe umowa)
pe sccond b wni
oca
L neA
cOmbiCOmbi nalu ndamenal eendlan
CUS BsHamann Onslam

Uivesolly blach booly odioluon

PV=nRT
iotch olupenda i ayolev
Uuku
Tokal gas eqwalue
aameES yslenv conslons eg nole nuumber,

h euoluON ololi
speific heod caba )
hos nouuohv Ayolem
black body adualow
v all wpeualune
BBR accusaley appy
Omelons

dunsulyy Mes
Ond neng
 3
Js wnirtwalily alWaclid Baltziuanr
Ljen Planek and lhers o blatk

Macliahen.

ont Could opes e l aun B6R than

douething undamel al o he weild wud be
be

du overed
hio l a is uaed lo eshmale
the le s &qloing
liens Cedbibwuern pabyec5
ien's dis placeme law
The hxeeuch o the wavelznglh Osponding o a i huM

Ungy Max Omd the abrorlule Jompes alusu T w

AMax =Censlcum

hCeslom is wiens dioplacem CSnslOml pitvaue

892x 10 M k

As the Jomberauue js Aausud, 1he maximum inlunsily

e aLo diaplaced et sithd eeucls the
shes lev savelenglh aide
9t can be uaed lo delu mm neke
Lesespnelung
lo Th Laci rnum
tLwwiy the wp othe pacly
Rnvon con veuey lo
Julzmine the lowp } tu Anoiahng
uoely the oshewa viswio
Rnoon.
 Aieno Lako negy dishubuuluon
C1896)
lo expl caun BBR Cwve ien Malalid tntuqy
demily opecbra ango em o td

ou wwpeiaMwe T
Onuld y O 13B

u d=A (T) dp -O

ngy densuy Ot uncluen AT

ound s opehenal lo

64 Makinq
MOE
U MCUnu Ocaumphms and Voung
Thuiwooyhammc QuM e Wien pwposedikad

T
fCT)

4 d) A
5 T A
B 0t Conlomls
hwe A

Oiens Lntgy denu lusbibullen,

Expusen ( As

hio law huelds good Only o

yrd
yeeer
And eib ab hugbw wareungl nen
One 9ec huvoools hbsores AhelD vavelmoh
nengy disbibuubn ve 3 ) , th
to
dirtgesie
iF Colinues
Dningy densi y
Jaads o Uv cotas hoy
h Chcao) Omd

Exra
would mu Thu m0l Juaduauen
oa oll Thu wayelingi-
ds he sbyec
warelenol hs OD ny body a a
incluoluna dhou
inwlJembeunlUAe
wwld tonh ubnsly pnu dood
LhoF ullia ahe arelunThs

To adoduss his Aáue Plamck baupeseel tha instiod

Jo b muttedconinuousluy
he uadialDn
osoummun
e oheuld Cenoiclu diseehgaluen.
Hadioubw s Rot mutted CoilinLDusu buut dis Cele
Je
99
LUnuls ie quala
Rouaigh
ErpeuM)

Hes
4(d)

d 3
 5
Planck's uanlum dhupsy oblockbooy
ocucctuon

A sAUmbuons (Postulales)

Planck duived a
exbsaLord Jhe Onegy dusbubuulin
blackHack bodHwth he Jelleuwing Ooowmbluens
Cradiahon on be mndined as
) A lack body Haduolor cenl ouns escilolsu hueh
0 caodle vibaaling wth all poible keauencies

2) he Lntug adlialtd Jn ho et 9,uona je

Jun dusoele manhe
Anlero
muwtiple

kanuen cy adualiow euted bycun osullolet

cme O

To deive he Plamck Loouotuen Jauo, ub us

COnsiclo N ruumb o osculoles wut plou

Eptad
 To ind olad shcchou demsvy i Apedbral
To

Omd Dtdv, e COn wwle C

Lange

Total shedhal nAy noaosüMalns

olanily eL wmmE voume
oeach ouilalor
u(o)d
8TT 22
-O
C3

N2

Egy 16
Gyound olode
OE

estüllolLeu oe aa Round
Let us Cnad No uunubel o
ie N numbe oosulalos
lauli 0
numbt o osüllales
thee ot IE Rnen94 slall, N
Jali OLnd sE ie
a &E nen9y

bs cillcues a E Jlale
Nou
65tulalors N u
Total Uwmlu
N= Not N, + N2t
 6
Total unengy o all Th osülatos otol

Eolod ONot 16N,+ 2G N2 +3E Ng+ -

Accescling lo Max ell ddoioaden nvnqy disbibdubn
t5 mula, the bobabi ily ho
oses

T' abso uwle owperaluse

-23 .
ebolLmann Dndloml-
38x lo Jk
Nwwbet 0 s ü l a l b s t h onengy LE be N

N nmbes
Aren
n
oosulloatro x prmibaslk
Kound dMe

Ng= N /kT

N e/kT
N

N N /kT

Na = No e 367k

becomes

N =NtN,
e/kT
Noe-aE/koT +Ne 3E/RT
3
N Not N + No + N +
 No14 + x . -
- .

N N
ecouns ADwes 1+ L-
os N= No x
-
Conve9es
j-
Now
-a6 k 3r
trol- ONt E Ne 8.E Noe 3E Noe

E N + E N, + 3 E N , p
2
E N1+ &G +3 + .

EN,x ecoms uue t2t3 x-.--

-) Cvenqes lo

TM (2)

E) E Y,
-) 1-

E
LE
e e

e
l kg

EY = h couse
G= ho
e DROT
 wbsliwlung dhu valuo o EY in O we
We

(D) doD= 8n hu
C3

Aove is lancks advauen

lao 'in eums emu

avelngth

dv = A
d da
UOwnoUn ng

.'. ulp) dà= 8

22C dh he

ulpdpz 8 he d