BROADCASTER

MANUAL
2021/22

GENERAL PART
Contents

Use of the Manual ........................................................................................ 4

1. Objectives .............................................................................................. 5
1.1 Role of Television ........................................................................................................ 5
1.2 Principle points of contact and Division of Obligations ................................................. 7
1.3 Broadcast Planning Survey .........................................................................................10
1.4 Documentation Required Pre-Survey ..........................................................................15
1.5 Documentation Following Survey ................................................................................15
1.6 Media Agent Liaison with HB and Media Rights Holders .............................................16

2. Television Production.............................................................................. 17
2.1 General .......................................................................................................................17
2.2 High Definition Technical Specification .......................................................................17
2.3 Audio Specification .....................................................................................................17
2.4 Satellite Uplink Specification and Distribution..............................................................17
2.5 Power supply ..............................................................................................................17

3. Multilateral TV Production Considerations ................................................... 18

3.1 Production Standards .................................................................................................18
3.2 Technical Infrastructure...............................................................................................19
3.3 Cabling .......................................................................................................................19
3.4 TV Compound .............................................................................................................20
3.5 Lighting Installation .....................................................................................................20
3.6 Transition Replay Animation .......................................................................................20
3.7 Use of Specialty Cameras and Handhelds ..................................................................21
3.8 Record and Replay Devices ........................................................................................21
3.9 Photo Finish ................................................................................................................21
3.10 Audio Considerations ................................................................................................21
3.11 Use of music .............................................................................................................22
3.12 Podium Presentation .................................................................................................22

4. Unilateral TV Requests ............................................................................ 22

4.1 Unilateral Broadcaster Request Booking Details .........................................................22
4.2 Commentary Booths ...................................................................................................24
4.3 Mixed Zone and Flash Interviews ................................................................................24
4.4 Pre and Post Unilateral Transmissions .......................................................................26
4.5 TV Interviews during the Live Transmission of the Event ............................................26
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 4.6 Studio and In-vision Positions .....................................................................................26
4.7 ENG Crews .................................................................................................................26

5. Accreditation and Supplementary Access Devices ........................................ 26

5.1 Accreditation ...............................................................................................................26
5.2 Camera Stickers .........................................................................................................27
5.3 Operator Bibs ..............................................................................................................28
5.4 Vehicle Access Passes ...............................................................................................29

6. Venue Logistics ..................................................................................... 29

6.1 Logistics ......................................................................................................................29
6.2 Starting Time ..............................................................................................................29
6.3 Venue/Region Information ..........................................................................................30

7. Event Operations.................................................................................... 30
7.1 Definition of Roles and Contributors ............................................................................30
7.2 Contingency ................................................................................................................33
7.3 Competition Communication .......................................................................................33
7.4 Public Address System ...............................................................................................33

8. Event Phase .......................................................................................... 33

8.1 Run up to the first TX commitment ..............................................................................33
8.2 Camera Production Test and Rehearsal .....................................................................34
8.3 Daily Call Sheets.........................................................................................................35

9. Advertising Considerations ...................................................................... 36

9.1 Advertising Considerations .........................................................................................36
9.2 FIS Advertising Rules..................................................................................................36
9.3 FIS Marketing Guide ...................................................................................................36
9.4 Advertising Check .......................................................................................................37
9.5 Placement of Advertising Banners in the Competition Area ........................................37

10. Graphics Data and Timing....................................................................... 37

10.1 FIS Graphics, Data and Timing Partner ....................................................................37

11. TV Ratings .......................................................................................... 39

12. Glossary of Terms................................................................................. 39

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Use of the Manual

As the international organisation responsible for the promotion and development of skiing, FIS
is constantly looking to find new ways of increasing interest in all of the FIS disciplines.

The starting point in this endeavour is to ensure that the events in the FIS calendar are
organised to the highest level by granting the responsibility to Organising Committees which
understand the sport and are willing to invest in creating the best environment for athletes,
officials, media, sponsors and spectators. The guarantee of high quality events involving the
best athletes competing in the most attractive environment is an essential platform for
coverage through the electronic media, which is the means to reach and attract the largest
number of people.

This manual offers carefully prepared guidelines for both Organising Committees and Host
Broadcasters to ensure the delivery of exceptional and consistent standards of television
production throughout the calendar season. The manual is intended to provide the parties with
the best possible platform to launch the necessary planning and final delivery of first class
skiing events for the international television audience.

In the preparation and planning of events in the different disciplines there are a large number
of common elements. For this reason, the manual has been designed with a number of
sections. In the first section of the manual general information and explanations affecting all
disciplines are provided, elaborating the vital planning phases of any given event, while
outlining the division of responsibilities between all contributing parties. Where possible photo
examples, drawings and illustrations have been added to complement the text and many
examples have been included that broadcasters are advised to follow.

This core text is supplemented by appendices relating to the individual FIS disciplines. These
include the competitions and their formats, coverage philosophy, production planning,
television running orders, on-screen graphics with timing and data presentation, examples of
venue layouts, camera plans and broadcast installations.

This manual is intended to be a portable and quick reference publication that accompanies
skiing production of the different disciplines both in the development stages and during the
competition phase of the event.

It is recognised that the world of sport and electronic media is constantly changing, and regular
updates and modifications to this document can be expected, as required by the individual
discipline and technological developments

This Broadcast Manual was produced jointly by FIS and Infront.

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1. Objectives

1.1 Role of Television

Television is an essential publicity tool for competitive sports competition and is a vital
component of the marketing concept. The Host Broadcaster (HB) is responsible for the delivery
of a high quality international television broadcast in close partnership with the Organising
Committee (OC) and the International Ski Federation (FIS). The appointed FIS TV Supervisor
will aid and assist the planning process and support the delivery of the production plan.

FIS Broadcast partners who have purchased the TV and/or media rights to FIS events are
identified in this manual as Rights Holding Broadcasters (RHB’s).

As a general rule, FIS aims to present a clear and concise division of responsibility with regard
to the successful broadcast of a FIS World Cup or World Championship competition. The OC
or the National Ski Association (NSA) of the host country will deliver the competition, including
providing much of the physical infrastructure that will benefit both the HB and attending RHB’s.

Perhaps the single most important objective for all HB’s is to deliver a consistent and high level
standard of production across all competitions throughout all participating host nations during
the calendar season. The FIS presents simple guidelines for Host Broadcasters to follow which
can be summarised as follows:

• Deliver a live complete and continuous High Definition international world feed to attending
and non-attending RHB’s, with opening titles, a complete graphics service (provided by
FIS data and timing partner), international stereo sound and closing animation. A written
and prepared format will be followed for pre and post-race programming including specific
procedures for the podium ceremony and post-race formalities. The running order will
include information on the venue and the sporting arena, be it an alpine, cross country,
freestyle or snowboard course, or the profile of a jumping hill. The final phase of the
running order will include an animation that informs the viewer of the next competition
venue on the FIS World Cup calendar for the discipline
• The HB will produce the events in an unbiased and professional manner
• Offer the television audience exceptional coverage of the action that is likely to appeal to
existing fans and stimulate growth in emerging markets
• Follow the drama inherent in the competition by using a variety of camera techniques,
including appropriate use of replays and slow motion together with an exciting audio
experience
• Offer modern and innovative enhancements and speciality camera devices that will
complement the overall viewing experience
• Include post-race formalities as a high priority in the coverage plan including athletes
reactions, the flower ceremony and athlete interviews featured in the multilateral feed
• RHB’s are encouraged to customise their programming by attending the event and
sharing the space and infrastructure in the TV Compound. The appointed Host
Broadcasters are expected to liaise and support the needs of visiting broadcasters.

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The importance of ‘insightful, informed and editorially credible storytelling through
appropriate shot selection and replay options’ remain a key priority for all host broadcasters.
HB’s must follow the examples of the multilateral running order for the different competitions
provided in the relevant annex to this manual.

The preparation and delivery of the production plan must be regarded as the most
demanding of challenges, but equally the HB must also provide support services to unilateral
broadcasters, TV Compound logistics, cabling, broadcast management and technical
assistance.

Facilities may include the supply and installation of the commentary booth equipment,
tailboard connection from the Outside Broadcast van to unilateral broadcasters’facilities and
perhaps the supply of broadcast facilities to an attending rights holder.

The OC will be responsible for the supply and installation of the necessary cables to interface
with FIS' data and timing service partner, although typically the Host Broadcaster will assist
with this task, providing that the distances are reasonable and within the confines of the TV
compound. The site survey will seek a suitable and convenient position for the Data and
Timing Partner’s technical facilities.

HB’s and RHB’s are invited to develop suitable production ideas that best illustrate the
competition dynamic, capture the athletes’ experience and offer performance comparisons in
a way that will inform and appeal to both fans and new audiences.

The designated TV Compound should be designed and prepared well in advance of the
competition with respect to occupation by both the host broadcast operation and unilateral
broadcasters. These obligations may vary on a case-by-case basis and specific guidelines
for each race venue will be made available to the respective HB and the OC.

Host Broadcasters are expected to design a suitable time frame in advance of each
competition to fully prepare their broadcast installation. The schedule should consider the
possibility of conducting a full technical and production rehearsal (with timing and a podium
presentation) at least one day before the actual competition.

The organisation of the technical and production rehearsal will be carefully planned with the
Organising Committee.

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1.2 Principle points of contact and Division of Obligations
In order to successfully host and deliver a FIS World Cup Skiing event, the FIS works closely
with the local Organising Committee and the National Skiing Association (NSA) who will
introduce key members of their planning and event delivery team months in advance of each
competition. In summary FIS contact with the key members of the Organising Committee,
NSA and the appointed host broadcaster can be presented as follows:

Organising Committee / NSA FIS Representatives

President Organising Committee and General Secretary FIS Race Director

OC Appointed Host Broadcaster FIS Event Coordinator
OC Principal HB Contact Media Centre FIS Media and PR Coordinator
Chief of Stadium/Track FIS TV Supervisor
Chief of Ceremony Appointed Media Agent – TV and Media Rights Manager
(TVM)
Timing and Data service Appointed Data and Timing Services Provider
Logistics Contacts (accreditation, transport and FIS Technical Delegate
accommodation)

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DIVISION OF OBLIGATIONS TABLE
FIS FIS TV Supervisor National Skiing Local Organising Host Broadcaster (HB) NSA / LOC Commercial
Association (NSA) Committee (OC) Partner

The federation is the The FIS TV Supervisor Is the national governing Each NSA will appoint a Is the appointed local or For selected events in
main international (TVS) is responsible for body for all skiing local organising national broadcasting the FIS calendar, the
organisation of ski monitoring the standard disciplines, providing committee to plan, build organisation that is commercial partner
sports and has a of TV Production and direction and leadership and manage the responsible for the represents the NSA
membership of 115 consistency from all for athletes from infrastructure required to television production of and/or LOC by
National Ski participating venues member clubs. The NSA deliver a major the event. This may also managing the domestic
Associations. It is throughout the calendar is responsible for all international skiing be an independent and international media
responsible for season. aspects of competitive competition. television production and marketing rights.
organising the calendar skiing from grassroots company. A designated TV and
for competitions in all The TVS will assist host programmes through to The OC is expected to Media Rights Manager
disciplines including the broadcasters with the the training and nominate a suitable The host broadcaster’s will attend each event
different FIS World Ski necessary planning, selection of the national contact for the benefit of coverage is produced (TVM)
Championships every development and team. the Host Broadcaster. and formatted in a way
two years. documentation of their that accommodates the
event and be associated Each NSA is This contact will aid and international broadcast
The FIS also controls to the project from the responsible for planning assist the HB’s planning rights holder, i.e. the
competitive ski racing by planning stage through and delivering and installation of video signal does not
enforcing a set of rules to the final transmission competitive ski races as broadcast equipment at feature any in vision
Definition

which prevents any skier days. part of the annual the competition venue presentation and the
from having an commitment to the audio signal is available
advantage over another. seasonal FIS calendar. as a clean effects mix
only.

The FIS Chief race The TVS will make a A representative of the The TV producer, The TVM will ensure
director is the most vital contribution to the LOC should attend the director and senior crew that the documentation
senior official at any FIS panning survey, TV planning surveys representatives, that is produced
event and will attend the providing advice and and note the necessary together with the FIS following the survey
venue planning surveys. guidelines regarding transport infrastructure Staff, FIS TV Supervisor accommodates the
camera positioning, required to support the and a representative(s) needs of attending
timing and rigging and installation from the OC will conduct commentary teams and
measurement locations process. a TV planning survey. rights holding
and the overall Working closely with the The HB will produce a broadcasters.
broadcast infrastructure. HB and the FIS Race report documenting the
director, all aspects of results of the survey and
the competition site are submit to all attending
determined including the parties.
TV Planning Survey

position of the start and Designated camera

finish areas, timing and positions and scaffold
measurement points, towers will require the
commentary tribune, approval of the FIS
timing room, mixed Race director.
zone, TV compound,
and all associated
offices.

The FIS Race director The TVS will assist the The OC must deliver a The HB is expected to The appointed
will examine all relevant FIS Staff by ensuring all competition site that deliver a production plan commercial partner
safety requirements broadcast devices, respects the safety of which meets relevant responsible for course
including camera towers facilities, apparatus and athletes, staff and FIS Safety guidelines, advertising sales must
and positions around the cable installations meet spectators. as well as their own respect the safety
course. the necessary health safety procedures on guidelines regarding
and safety standards as the competition venue advertising stands and
defined by each host and within the TV inflatables.
nation. compound. In certain
Safety

nations the HB must be

prepared to submit their
risk assessment report.

The TVS will ensure that Provides the necessary The host broadcaster The position of
the relevant access to the camera supplies as part of its advertising banners and
documentation has been and microphone agreement protective stands corresponds to
produced and positions including the winter clothing for all the intended camera
distributed in order to use of snowmobiles, as crew and personnel plan.
coordinate and well as supplying a safe including skis, boots and
implement the broadcast and reliable technical gloves.
installation according to power supply for the
an agreed timeframe. host broadcaster and The host broadcaster
attending RHB’s. will be responsible for
Broadcast Installation

the safe and discreet

The OC must be installation of cables
responsible for the within the confines of
supply and installation of the TV compound
cable bridges, conduits, including the use of
ducts and cable paths cable ties and yellow
for the benefit of a safe jackets.
and discreet cable
installation.

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 FIS FIS TV Supervisor National Skiing Local Organising Host Broadcaster (HB) NSA / LOC Commercial
Association (NSA) Committee (LOC) Partner

The FIS nominates a TV The TVS will assist host Supplies and installs the The HB provides a Depending on the
liaison coordinator to broadcasters with the action area, mixed zone bookable cabled camera contractual situation, the
manage the mixed zone. planning, coordination podium position and unit with operator as commercial partner
In some cases this will and management of the necessary daylight part of its installation in administers the booking
involve a number of mixed zone colour temperature the mixed zone for use requests for pre-and
staff. lighting. Also provides by attending rights post-unilateral services.
all of the necessary holders.
Mixed zone

supplementary access
devices to operate
within the Mixed Zone.

. The TVS will assist the Provides the necessary The HB must provide The HB or commercial
host broadcaster in space for the TV accurate drawings of the partner will be invited to
establishing the specific compound operation TV compound space supply the necessary
requirements for RHB's, mixed zone, with relevant dimensions number of equipped or
including Commentary commentary tribune, of each vehicle partially equipped
Booths. The FIS timing room and TV (including expanding commentary booths with
Production Guidelines studios including sides). a duty technician
indicate the minimum security during the Regarding commentary available during the
physical requirements competitions phase of booths the HB or competition phase of the
and the data and timing the event. commercial partner will event.
service provider will The LOC shall also be invited to supply the
supply a data feed provide the necessary necessary number of
monitor free of charge to number of furnished and equipped or partially
each commentary heated commentary equipped commentary
booth. booths for unilateral booths with a duty
Logistics/space

broadcasters to rent. In technician available

some cases both the during the competitions
physical booths and phase of the event.
facilities within them
may be supplied by the
commercial partner.

The FIS will appoint a The TVS will provide The LOC will provide a The HB will install the
data and timing service relevant information to data and timing room for necessary cables, sync
provider to supply the the HB use by service provider reference and
Data and timing

FIS TV graphics including necessary programme monitor to

presentation in the lighting, furniture and the service provider
English language for the protected power supply. according to a
international feed. documented request.
Signal

The FIS shall update the The TVS will assist the The LOC shall ensure a The host broadcaster The commercial partner
host broadcaster and HB in establishing the suitable position is shall supply and install is responsible for the
the commercial partner final timings and satellite available for uplink the necessary cabling to supply and management
regarding any likely requirements including facilities, identified at the connect the international of the International
Broadcast

changes to the those for pre-and post site survey. programme output to the signal distribution,
Uplink

competition schedule unilaterals. uplink facilities. including all updates.

due to poor weather or
unexpected delay.

NB: The FIS TV Supervisor works under the guidance and authority of the Race Director
responsible for each discipline.

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1.3 Broadcast Planning Survey
For host locations that are established and existing competition venues, a planning meeting
must be conducted in good time in advance of the event, with the FIS staff together with the
assigned FIS TV Supervisor, the responsible TV Director and TV Producer of the HB (and
members of their production team) and a representative of the marketing partner as
appropriate. Representatives of the OC are expected to host the survey and may invite an
advertising agent who has been appointed to sell available advertising space.

Each person contributing to the survey should not underestimate the time required to inspect
the venue and assess the range of television requirements. Depending on the discipline, the
survey will also identify the crucial points along the course and at the venue that will
influence the television production.

For cross country, ski cross and snowboard cross competitions the actual design and
selection of the course may be influenced by the television director, and certainly this is the
case for new course designs so they can be best arranged for the aesthetic and logistical
demands of the television coverage plan.

Each event may include a programme of competitions scheduled to take place over a
number of days. The planning survey must consider any possible reset times between
course lengths and race disciplines. In some cases, camera re- positioning may need to take
place during the race itself and the additional cable paths and access logistics must be
considered during the planning survey.

In summary FIS recognises the role of both TV Producer/Editor and Director to be defined as
follows:

TV PRODUCER/PROGRAMME EDITOR JOB DESCRIPTION

• Overall operational responsibility for the Host Broadcaster’s Multilateral Feed, in
particular observing the ‘story telling’ requirements for any given race
• First and principal point of contact for all activities relating to the host broadcaster,
including accommodating the needs of unilateral broadcasters, and facility requests
• Senior Operational Partner of the FIS Race Director/OC/Marketing Agencies
• Content handling of timing data and graphics
• TV Operational Consultant for all departmental supervisors

TV DIRECTOR JOB DESCRIPTION

• Delivering a programme that faithfully represents the producer’s editorial decisions
• Positioning, handling and directing all broadcast devices on the course
• Directing and delivering the multilateral feed according to documented guidelines

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In some cases, the TV Producer and Director may choose to attend an initial survey alone
(say the day before the main survey with a member of the OC) to fully establish his/her initial
production plan without the opinions of a large survey team.

A key principle for the TV Director and FIS Race Director is to remember they are providing
multilateral feed coverage and this should be unbiased in order to satisfy the international
viewing audience. Coverage should be impartial, with equal emphasis on all participants,
including replays of their reactions. Live action should always be a priority, and quite often
the best approach is to ‘keep things simple’. At the same time, one of the most important
assets of the designated TV Director and TV Producer will normally be considerable
knowledge of the sport. This knowledge will significantly contribute to how the excitement of
the competition can be captured, showing all the important parts of the venue and the
development of the competition.

The HB Producer and Director are expected to study the form and performance of the
athletes participating in the competition. Familiarity not only with the subject, but also with the
season performance is imperative to fully understand and exploit the strengths and
weaknesses of athletes in the coverage plan. This type of research may include recent
recovery from injury, a change in tactical approach or the rising form of a new athlete whose
style is eye catching and entertaining. This knowledge will aid the necessary preparation for
the members of the production team who can be given specific instructions to identify
particular athletes.

The technical purpose of the survey is to develop the camera plan, microphone positions and
cable path routing. The survey also presents the best opportunity to identify the TV
Compound layout, space to meet the unilateral facility requirements of RHB’s, accreditation
and access. The race dynamics can be discussed in terms of the competition venue layout
as well as the position and operation of the Mixed Zone, podium, lighting considerations,
commentary booths, data and timing service provider and all associated logistics such as
power supply, parking, catering and security.

In summary and as a minimum requirement the HB is expected to nominate the following

individuals to attend the survey:

• TV Producer/Senior Project Manager

• TV Director
• Chief Technical Manager/Technical Producer
Depending on the venue and the event to be produced the following specialists may also
attend the survey:
• Senior Cameraman (also cable rig supervisor)
• Production Manager
• Audio Supervisor
• RF Engineer
• Lighting Supervisor (Night races only)

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It is essential that each member of the survey team can make confident and clear decisions
that will affect the planning and execution of the broadcast product. Things may and will
change so it is vital that the survey report as the basis for all planning is detailed, factual and
concise.

Another important purpose of the TV planning survey is to establish the position of the Mixed
Zone and podium position beside the Finish Area. FIS will provide a Media and PR Manager
and with the appointed TVM will manage the Mixed Zone and follow the guidelines and
schedule determined for pre and post-race procedures.

The FIS Race Director and Event Coordinator must be invited to the official planning survey
or at the very least receive the site survey report documentation following the inspection.
For new venues a FIS appointed Homologation Inspector will attend in order to approve the
strict standards required to host a FIS Skiing competition.

Following each survey the HB is expected to distribute a detailed camera plan (indicating
how each camera will be used) and a schedule detailing the activities during the final days of
preparation before the event. The OC will distribute plans of the competition site including the
competition offices, TV Compound, mixed zone, podium position, commentary positions and
all the logistical considerations such as parking, catering and team facilities.

TV planning surveys for new competition venue locations will require a more detailed and
strategic planning approach in order to examine carefully the physical attributes of the venue
and identify any special construction needs, safety considerations, access and consideration
of the likely TV production plan. An experienced TV Producer/Director can provide a vital
contribution to the design and layout of all new competition venues.

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An example of the site survey considerations are summarised below:

Description Action Required

Venue(s) Infrastructure with the OC, FIS The OC will initially provide the venue drawings and
Staff and HB TV Producer prepare a profile which may be included in the camera
plans
Camera Positions carefully considered
with respect to the way the story of the Following the survey the HB will distribute the camera
competition is to be told plan drawings of the competition venue to include
microphone positions and all timing points.
Air fences and protection of camera
platforms to be provided by LOC HB to identify locations and determine level of protection
required
Flash Interview position with backdrop
and lighting
To be agreed with the HB
Scaffold towers or Platforms
The likely position and height of towers
or platforms with respect to the
competition and expected weather To be agreed with the HB
conditions
Strategic Features As discussed with FIS Staff, FIS TV Supervisor and the
Define the locations of any specific HB to ensure suitable coverage is provided at strategic
features to be included in the coverage parts of the competition venue.
Finish Area The OC to distribute a map of the mixed zone area
Define the finish line position and identify showing all of the different areas related to sporting and
the relevant zones around the finish line, media activity depending on the discipline.
including the mixed zone and podium
position
Venue Public Address System
The PA system should not interfere with The placing of loudspeakers to be coordinated with the
the international programme audio and HB
the reporting/broadcasting activities
taking place in the mixed zone or in the
commentary booths.
Race Leader’s Position/Throne HB to include a hand held camera in coverage plan for
Where used, identify the space for the this feature
leader position and/or the throne
TV Compound Location HB to design and distribute a TV Compound layout
Establish a suitable space (as close as including the positions of any unilateral rights holders,
possible to the stadium area) and identify tender trucks and uplink vehicles
the most suitable position for satellite
uplink vehicles
Particular attention to the arrivals and
parking schedule must be noted

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Description Action Required

Cable Paths The HB will study the likely cable path runs around the
Around competition venue and within the competition venue and the delivery of cables in and out of
TV Compound the TV compound. A cable bridge may be necessary. In
some cases the HB will submit a cable schedule so all
known cable runs are identified. The HB must be informed
in advance of the likely competition training times to avoid
any scheduling conflict with the broadcast installation

Power Supply Requirements HB to formally request a technical power supply

Both technical and backup power supply specification for the OB and the domestic production
requirements will need to be identified vehicles, while the TVM will manage and co-ordinate
requests for attending RHB’s
Commentary Booth Positions OC to identify expected positions for commentary booths
If permanent commentary booths are not and the survey should check the sight lines as well as the
available, FIS’s appointed media agent supply of power, furniture, heating, telecommunications and
may supply according to a specific suitable weather protection
agreement with the OC and demand from
RHB’s

Parking, Medical Services and Transport The survey should identify parking availability and the
Practical and Physical considerations provision for medical services, public conveniences and
media transport facilities

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1.4 Documentation Required Pre-Survey
The appointed host broadcaster expects to receive the venue and competition site drawings
not later than two weeks in advance of the survey.

1.5 Documentation Following Survey

it is essential that there is a smooth and timely distribution of information between all
contributing parties and each will make sure the following documents are delivered according
to the timeframe specified below between the OC, FIS, TVM and the Host Broadcaster:

Host Broadcaster

• Master camera plan of the competition venue including scaffold towers and platforms,
together with microphone positions to be delivered not more than 4 weeks after the
survey
• Provisional TV compound layout may follow up to 10 days before the competition with
the inclusion of attending RHB’s and satellite uplink vehicles. The final version may
be updated shortly before the competition itself
• Cable Schedule as required
• Daily Schedule for HB in terms of tender vehicle arrival, park and power, cable
installation, skidoo availability, camera platform build, installation of all timing points,
full rig and technical rehearsal. Note the training schedule should be provided to the
Host Broadcaster as soon as it becomes available in order to coordinate the cable
installation

Organising Committee/TVM
• Commentary booth plan with broadcaster divisions
• Start Area, Finish Area, Mixed Zone, including the divisions within the Mixed Zone
NB: Examples of these plans are included in the annex.

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1.6 Media Agent Liaison with HB and Media Rights Holders
The media agent (TVM) shall act as the principal point of contact for all international TV and
media rights requests associated with the competition. The TVM represents the International
media rights for the event and is the only authority that may approve accreditation and other
supplementary access requests from attending rights holders.

In particular, the TVM will handle all requests by RHB’s who may wish to attend the
competition including their logistical and practical needs such as accreditation, parking,
security, local labour, accommodation and technical facilities. The TVM will coordinate
specific requests for access and the use of ENG or unilateral cameras that may require
operator bibs and authorisation stickers.

The TVM will also be the principal point of contact for non-attending RHB’s in terms of signal
delivery, coordination of feeds, pre and post unilaterals and the distribution of the daily
running orders. In advance of each event the TVM will distribute the satellite coordinates to
all international rights holders together with the necessary RAS or BISS codes and timing
schedules, including line up periods.

Requests which specifically require action or co-ordination by the host broadcaster are
communicated accordingly and the relevant documentation will be shared with the broadcast
partner concerned. The host broadcaster will identify a suitable technical contact (as well as
the producer or production manager) for the co-ordination and delivery of all HB related
matters and facilities requests.

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2. Television Production

2.1 General
TV agreements with a broadcasting organisation or Production Company must ensure that
this Broadcast Manual is applied to ensure the production quality and TV transmission of FIS
Skiing World Cup events included in the FIS calendar.

2.2 High Definition Technical Specification

All FIS events must be produced in High Definition in the technical standard of the country in
which the event takes place.

2.3 Audio Specification

Audio line-up signals are defined as -18dbfs and must be produced as a stereo international
pair. An international signal does not and will not include voice over or commentary in any
language. Host Broadcasters may choose to produce an event using 5.1 Surround Sound
providing a stereo international pair is available from the tailboard.

2.4 Satellite Uplink Specification and Distribution

The satellite uplink facilities provider is obliged to provide the necessary cabling from their
SNG unit to the host broadcaster’s tailboard. Typically the distance will be short and
convenient, although approximate distances and parking positions will be defined during the
site survey.

The specification is as follows:

• Two HD video cables with embedded international stereo FX,
(A primary path and a backup)
• Specific instructions regarding the transmission modulation and schedule will be
documented in good time in advance of the event.

2.5 Power supply

The LOC will be responsible for the installation of the necessary power supply, including
UPS as agreed with HB, to ensure the production of the multilateral signal and meet the
needs of UB's. The cost of electric power actually used and/or the fuel consumed for
generators will be paid for by the HB and/or UB's.

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3. Multilateral TV Production Considerations

3.1 Production Standards

FIS expects Host Broadcasters to offer exceptional standards of production for all winter
sports events and aims to establish an excellent professional relationship with the appointed
TV Producer /Project Manager.

TV coverage of FIS Skiing events should aim to capture the athletes’ determination and
competitiveness, the venue atmosphere, drama and human aspects of the event including
the finish/win sequence and podium presentation. The overall graphics presentation for any
Skiing event is crucial to aid the understanding of real time race activity and must not be
underestimated. The following items are key values which FIS associates with high
standards of production:

• A continuous live international broadcast formatted in a way that can be easily

scheduled in a programming slot with opening titles, appropriate and relevant
production before the competition start (according to a documented running order),
the competition itself, results summary, flash interview, podium presentation and
closing animation). The multilateral broadcast must not show any presenter in vision,
or include inserts or commercial elements associated with the domestic broadcast
• As a rule, the international television feed should be self-explanatory as a viewing
experience and not be dependent upon listening to a commentary
• The production will provide an uncompromisingly fair and impartial coverage of each
competitor (with respect to the storytelling process and the format of the competition)
• Through appropriate shot selection and replay options, the viewer will be given an
insightful, informed and credible account of the whole competition
• By sensible positioning and use of fixed, mobile and specialty cameras units the
action and dynamic of the competition will be captured taking into account the
limitations of the budget and available facilities
• Better understanding of the competition will be provided through a clear and
informative graphics presentation giving accurate information in real-time
• Through the sophisticated use of experts working with a carefully prepared
communication systems the story telling process for all disciplines will be assured
• Thoughtful and consistent coverage of podium ceremonies will be produced
• Adequate consideration will be given to the presence of advertising and event
sponsors while respecting the course dynamics and natural landscape
• The live transmissions must include all FIS graphics related to each discipline,
particularly the official FIS logo and replay wipe, start lists and competition results,
live timing and scoring, as well as the overall event and World Cup standings

The discipline specific Production Plan and Coverage Philosophy is given as an

annex.

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The television viewing experience is greatly enhanced by correct and strategic positioning of
microphones and it is important to select the appropriate positioning of directional
microphones with windshield and woolly sock protection. In some cases, follow microphones
might be required to capture the athlete’s movement. Capturing sound from key points,
depending on the discipline, such as the start and finish areas, the hill climbs, pit stops,
coaching zones and spectator tribunes is an essential component of the television
production.

3.2 Technical Infrastructure

The representatives of the HB are expected to arrive at the competition venue sufficiently in
advance of the first transmission to ensure the technical set up for the event. During this time
and according to a documented timetable, all relevant cable paths must be installed as well
as camera platforms and any speciality camera systems including RF devices. The director
will also confirm with the timing and data partner the exact placing of all timing and
measurement positions so that the camera positioning is accurate around these points.

All safety requirements will be checked, including ‘hidden’ cables beneath the snow, the
overall snow conditions and any possible course changes. Camera platforms and speciality
camera units will be examined for their safety and view of the course.

The FIS Race Director will provide a final safety approval for camera platforms on the race
course and in the competition area. The HB is expected to follow their own risk management
procedures following documented guidelines in their individual event production manuals.

3.3 Cabling
Cabling is the responsibility of the HB and attending unilateral broadcasters, although the OC
will prepare the necessary cable paths, conduits, ducts, tubes, bridges and safety elements
for the cable installation in and around the competition venue itself. FIS insists the following
guidelines are adhered to:

• Cables should not cause any obstruction or safety hazard to athletes, course officials,
volunteers or spectators and must comply with local safety and security regulations
• Cables should not be laid over the advertising boards
• Every attempt must be made to ensure cables are installed discreetly and as
unobtrusively as possible, particularly in the sensitive areas shown by the television
cameras
• As and where necessary, cable bridges, cable ties, cable mats, yellow jackets and
dressing should be used to make cables safe and secure
• The HB must provide assistance to visiting broadcasters to ensure their cabling needs
are met
• The OC is responsible for installing the cables between the host broadcaster’s
production vehicle and the FIS data and timing service provider

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3.4 TV Compound
Occupying a location identified during the site survey the TV Compound must be carefully
managed by the HB, particularly with regard to parking and power supplies for all attending
parties. The TV Compound should include adequate space for multilateral and unilateral
production and SNG vehicles, tender trucks, a protected power supply, production offices,
storage space and any temporary catering facilities.

HB’s are responsible for producing a detailed parking plan of the TV Compound and should
have a technical representative with decision making authority available when vehicles
arrive, including those of attending unilateral broadcasters.

An uninterrupted power supply (UPS) must be provided to the HB and attending RHB’s by
the OC.

3.5 Lighting Installation

For events scheduled for evening/night races the complete competition area as well as the
areas significant for the TV transmission must be lit with a minimum of 1000 lux measured at
any point of the competition area in the direction of the main television cameras. In general,
the competition area must be evenly lit with a constant colour temperature.

The course lighting must be supplied and installed by the OC under the supervision of the
television production lighting supervisor. This matter can be discussed in further detail during
the site survey.

3.6 Transition Replay Animation

The 25 frame FIS transition replay animation (wipe) will introduce slow-motion or super-slow-
motion replays into the broadcast. The slow motion package should start and finish with a
moving picture, not a freeze-frame. Within the package, the transmission from one slow
motion to another should be a dissolve of 25 frames. Each replay sequence must be
introduced by the FIS transition replay animation and relate only to the FIS Logo and the
name ‘FIS World Cup’. Any other branded replay elements are not allowed unless
permission has been granted by the FIS. The same animation will carry these views off-
screen to signal the return to live coverage. The animation will be accompanied by a 25
frame audio effect.

The transition replay animation will be supplied in advance by the TVM as a sequence of
targa files or as a fill and matte animation supplied on videotape.

In the United States and Japan, the transition replay animation will run for 30 frames,
according to the 525 line/60Hz system.

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3.7 Use of Specialty Cameras and Handhelds
Typically handheld cabled or RF camera units, RF units on ski-doos, Jimmy Jibs, polecams,
helicams, rail cameras and other speciality cameras will appear on the camera plan
produced by the HB. The number and type of these speciality cameras will depend on the
discipline and the production philosophy of the HB. A hand held RF camera may be the best
choice to conduct the post-race flash interview featured in the multilateral feed.

Note that host broadcasters using rail cameras must supply to the Data and Timing
Supervisor the frequency and power supply used to avoid any conflicts with timing
equipment.

3.8 Record and Replay Devices

Host Broadcasting Organisations are expected to incorporate at least 2 X EVS video record
and replay servers as part of their overall facilities inventory, one of which may be a Super
Slow Motion server (SSM). Typically each competition can be followed by a short replay
sequence of the highlights. The HB is also expected to make 2 x safety copies of the
programme to Digital Videotape including a separate recording of any pre and post
unilaterals. 3 x DVD copies of the programme are also required and will be coordinated with
the attending TVM.

3.9 Photo Finish

The FIS Data and Timing service provider will supply and install photo finish camera
technology across the finish line as specifically required by certain disciplines.

This still image is available to the host broadcaster via the existing connectivity for the
graphics service. The installation of the photo finish cameras should be carefully coordinated
with the host broadcaster as the photo finish cameras must have priority in terms of
positioning and installation.

The Jury will decide if a photo finish image is required to determine the final positions and
evidence that the photo finish was used will be shown in the results tables.

3.10 Audio Considerations

In general directional microphones protected with windshields and woolly socks are
positioned with both fixed and mobile camera units sending the audio signal back by triax (or
via the RF transmitter) to the camera CCU.

Some stadium venues may benefit from spectator effects microphones positioned towards
the main tribune or grandstand. Effects microphones are also required to capture the
instructions to the athletes at the start of the competition.

Although the public address announcer does not need to be directly available as a source,
the PA Audio source may be used to include the National Anthems.

For producing the flash interview (and any scheduled pre or post-race unilaterals) a hand
held dynamic microphone should be available beside the mixed zone and close to the exit
gate.

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3.11 Use of music
FIS will supply a selection of music to the Host Broadcaster employing a theme used for all
FIS Skiing events without the need for any specific music use reporting mechanism.

3.12 Podium Presentation

Towards the end of the live TV transmission, as soon as possible after the result is known the
presentation of the top three athletes shall take place in the designated area.

The original site survey will help determine the exact position of this presentation and the
camera positioning should be included in the coverage plan of the HB.

Athletes must attend the Winner’s Award Ceremony with their competition suits, gear and
clearly visible race bibs. TV interviews may take place following the podium presentation only
in the designated Mixed Zone positions.

4. Unilateral TV Requests

Unilateral broadcasters are widely encouraged to attend the competition venue, both for
customisation of their programming needs and to conduct interviews with participating
athletes. FIS seeks to establish partnerships with broadcasting organisations that can
provide:

• Extensive publicity
• Widest possible transmission activity and broadcasters with large audiences
• Guaranteed free to air broadcasts in the host nation

RHB’s must approach the Marketing Agency to order broadcast services and facilities if they
wish to be present at the event.

Depending on specific TV rights agreements, domestic unilateral broadcasters may

approach the OC directly.

4.1 Unilateral Broadcaster Request Booking Details

Unilateral Broadcasters must present a detailed facilities summary to the TVM who will
respond to and share the relevant information accordingly.

The table below presents an example of the items most likely to be considered by a
Unilateral Broadcaster in preparation for a FIS Skiing event:

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Item Description (Example)

TV Compound Space OB Van with operational dimensions

Edit Vehicle with operational dimensions
Tender Vehicle with operational dimensions
Power Supply OB Van: Current (amps), phase and connector types
Edit Vehicle: Current, phase and connector types
Mixed Zone Position: Current, phase and connector types
Commentary Position
Mixed Zone Space required for an in-vision position subject to availability
Summary of facilities to be installed in the mixed zone including
lighting
Commentary Position Partially or fully equipped with CIS Monitor, International Feed(s),
Furniture & Heating
Production Container If required and with approximate position
Furniture
Heating
CIS Data Monitors Location and number to be provided
Unilateral Camera Positions Brief Description of how many and their locations
Use of RF units and wireless microphones
Host Broadcaster Signals Example:
1 x World Feed Dirty HD + INT stereo audio
1 x World Feed Clean HD + INT stereo audio
And any isolated camera feeds
Camera Stickers Example:
Camera stickers for fixed cameras in the mixed zone, in the
competition venue and for ENG crew
Bibs Example:
For course inspection and mixed zone
VAPPS Parking Example:
OB Van, Edit Vehicle and Tender Vehicle in TV Compound
Crew Cars
Security 24 hours from dd/mm/yy
Local Labour Example
3 X helpers from 10:00 – 18:00 on dd/mm/yy
3 x helpers from 16:00 on dd/mm/yy
Telephone Lines Arranged through local PTT as follows:
1 x ADSL OB Van
1 x IDD OB van
1 x ADSL Production trailer
2 x IDD Production Trailer
1 x ISDN commentary booth
Accreditation List Names of people to be accredited:
Schedule Brief description of schedule include arrival, rig, live TX and de-rig
schedule

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4.2 Commentary Booths
The host broadcaster is generally not responsible for the supply and installation of
commentary booths, although each event is considered on a case by case basis depending
on contractual agreements between the NSA, the TVM and the HB.
However, the commentary booths themselves must meet the following specification:

• Positioned in such a way that the Competition Site (e.g. Finish/landing area and the
last part of the course) are visible preferably with a profile view
• Sufficiently noise protected and separated from other positions and the public
• Adequate space for commentator, co-commentator and an interview partner or guest
• A feed of the international audio signal
• Table for documents and workspace and 8 power sockets
• Heated with 2-3 coat hooks
The option of renting a partially or fully equipped commentary booth, programme monitor and
stats/data feed monitor (CIS) should be offered. The data feed monitor is provided free of
charge to the commentary booths by the FIS data timing service provider. Additionally free of
charge WiFi or LAN shall be provided by LOC.
The multilateral signal will be available on 17’’ or 19’’ monitors.
Visiting broadcasters wishing to commentate at the venue must arrange their own
commentary circuit bookings via their local national telecoms provider.

4.3 Mixed Zone and Flash Interviews

A dedicated Mixed Zone shall be provided next to the Finish Area, so that attending RHB’s
and other members of the media may conduct short informal interviews with the competitors.
The Mixed Zone shall be set up by the OC in consultation with the TVM and the HB. The OC
will provide the necessary supplementary access devices to the Mixed Zone, while the FIS
Media and PR Coordinator will manage the mixed zone activities with the support of the OC.

The appointed TVM will coordinate pre- and post-unilateral requests and work closely with
the FIS Media and PR coordinator to include the post-race flash interview.

There will be an established order in the Mixed Zone for RHB’s, with the first position being
offered to the rights holder of the host nation.

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The OC will establish the best possible layout for the Finish Area depending on the available
space and their drawings will include a number of specific media zones that can be defined
as follows:

Partitioned TV Boxes or live Announce Positions where attending RHB’s will conduct their
presentations with their own on-site production facilities. Typically they integrate their own
cameras with the feed from the HB to customise their show and provide their viewers with a
strong venue presence. The TV boxes are positioned at the beginning of the Mixed Zone, so
the athletes may pass in front of them as they make their way down the corridor.

The HB is obliged to provide the necessary facilities to conduct pre and post unilateral
requests for the specific use by RHB’s. Booking arrangements must be confirmed between
the TVM and the attending RHB’s according to a documented rate card agreement.
Interviews may be conducted using the multilateral signal path at agreed times outside the
main programme window.

The next part of the mixed zone is allocated to those who do not have live commitments, is
adjacent to the athletes’ exit and is allocated to ENG positions.

Live radio crews and the written press may share this zone, although an order of priorities is
to be established and observed.

There is a written and formal procedure for post-race interviews, although some variations
apply depending on the event and host nation. As a general guideline, the following
procedure applies for FIS World Cup events:

• Between the end of the race and the podium presentation, only the HB and the
attending TV networks with live unilateral facilities are allowed to conduct short
interviews with the top three athletes. This will enable the podium presentation to take
place without delay as part of the multilateral feed.
• The broadcaster from the winner's home country will be the first to interview the
athlete. Should the top three athletes belong to the same nation, the attending live
broadcaster must decide the sequence of their interviews with the help of the FIS
Media and PR Coordinator
Typically the flash interview (conducted in English via the multilateral feed) will take place
directly before the podium presentation and in any case in the position as indicated in the
running order.

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4.4 Pre and Post Unilateral Transmissions
Bookable pre and post unilateral transmissions will be available at each competition venue.
The facilities, provided by the HB will be available as a live source and carried via the
multilateral signal path. Pre and post unilateral facilities will include a microphone, camera
with lighting and operator as required. An interview may be conducted and recorded to
videotape or videodisk with playback via satellite at a time to be arranged in advance. The
pre and post unilateral transmissions will be co-coordinated via radio communication with the
host broadcast facilities via the attending TVM.

4.5 TV Interviews during the Live Transmission of the Event

Interviews may be conducted at any time during the competition schedule from a dedicated
live camera position. These interviews shall be part of the unilateral coverage of an RHB and
will not be included in the multilateral signal.

4.6 Studio and In-vision Positions

Unilateral broadcasters wishing to use indoor or covered facilities with a view over the finish
area are invited to submit their requests to either the OC (domestic broadcasters) or the TVM
(international broadcasters).

In both cases RHB’s are invited to attend a site survey to discuss their intentions and identify
a suitable studio/in-vision position. Unilateral RHB’s are responsible for building their own
position including all broadcast facilities, furniture, lighting and security.

4.7 ENG Crews

RHB’s may send ENG crews to FIS events, and may request a suitable shooting position in
the finish area or beside the course. ENG positions will be available depending on the course
length, dynamics and accessibility.

Broadcasters wishing to have ENG positions must send their precise requests well in
advance of the event, and must choose from the options made available by the OC and
which do not directly conflict with the HB’s coverage plans.

5. Accreditation and Supplementary Access Devices

5.1 Accreditation
As a general rule, although there are variations to the procedure depending on the specific
agreements between FIS, the NSA’s and the OC’s, foreign broadcasters may approach the
respective Marketing Agency with their accreditation requests.

Broadcast media accreditation requests are handled by the Marketing Agency. The
accreditation for media such as photographers and the press are managed by the OC.
However, the distinction between foreign and domestic media is not always applicable.

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In some cases, where foreign media accreditation requests are made directly to the OC the
information is immediately shared with the Marketing Agency so the management of the
foreign media requests is handled by the same organization.

Example Accreditation

In turn, the OC is advised to have a representative ‘TV Contact’ at the press office dealing
with TV personnel, taking care of their accreditation, providing them with the necessary
information and updates. This person will hand out accreditation only to the representatives
of the HB and other RHB representatives.

The requests coming from domestic media are typically dealt with directly by the NSA/OC
when they are responsible for domestic media rights in the host nation.

When the Marketing Agency also holds the domestic rights, he is the one managing all the
accreditations, even those for domestic broadcasters. This also applies to supplementary
access devices and to unilateral broadcasters.

5.2 Camera Stickers

Besides the personal accreditation to be given to the media personnel, each authorised TV
camera should be identified with an ‘accreditation’ sticker. As implemented in previous years,
RHB’s with season long contracts will be offered one and the same sticker to identify their TV
cameras throughout the season. It will be delivered to the RHB by the Marketing Agency
before the beginning of the season.

In some cases, where RHB’s may have an interest only in a single event, the Marketing
Agency will prepare camera stickers that are valid for that event only.

Cameras belonging to the HB with fixed and permanent positions do not need stickers, but it
is imperative that those working at the Finish Area display the authorised camera stickers at
all times, to conform to the security access procedures.

The OC will inform the Security Manager that only TV cameras with the relevant sticker may
access the Finish Area (and, more generally, any competition area) and FIS expects the full
co-operation of the OC regarding restricted access to sensitive parts of the competition site.

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5.3 Operator Bibs
A further access device will be required by all personnel who need to work in the competition
area and the OC is required to supply:

• A unique bib to identify the HB personnel (and supplied by the HB) working in the
competition area and in the Finish Area. It is important that the bib is very visible so
that the personnel can be identified easily in the competition area and/or in the Finish
Area as members of the host broadcasting crew. A clear colour distinction will support
the strength of the course security operation, as well as the protection of TV rights to
eligible broadcast partners
• A different bib or an armband is used to identify the rights holding cameramen and
production teams, including TV commentators, allowed in the competition area prior
to and during the competition. It is understood that television presenters appearing in
vision do not need to wear their bibs or armbands when “on air” in vision. For the
Mixed Zone Area, the Marketing Agency provides each unilateral RHB with a
laminated cardboard directly on-site, a so-called “LIVE TV BOX CARD”. This card is
customised for each venue with the total number of such LIVE TV BOX cards
depending on FIS approval
• Another bib or armband, of a different kind or colour, (or simply a laminated thin
cardboard) for the TV personnel who are admitted to the inspection only, (depending
on FIS approval)

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5.4 Vehicle Access Passes
Due to limited availability, vehicles wishing to enter the TV Compound or surrounding parking
areas need to submit their requests including Vehicle Licence Plates (where possible) to the
TVM (for international broadcasters) and to the OC (for domestic and host broadcasters).

RHB’s should specify if their vehicle requires TV Compound parking or parking in the nearest
available parking area. Information regarding commercial vehicles will need to include the
operational dimensions (including expanding sides when parked and tailboard access).

Attached Is an examples of a vehicle access pass:

6. Venue Logistics

6.1 Logistics
The OC together with the HB and FIS Race Director or Event Coordinator must select
suitable locations for camera positions and platforms, the commentary tribune, mixed zone,
podium position, TV Compound and associated production and timing offices. Provision must
also be allowed for an uninterrupted power supply, parking facilities, toilet facilities and
catering.

The OC must also be responsible for the security of and safe access to all operational areas,
including the preparation, management and distribution of accreditation. The TVM will be
responsible for the management and distribution of accreditation requests from international
members of the electronic media.

6.2 Starting Time

All FIS events will start at the published scheduled start time including qualification and
preliminary heats. Any changes to the schedule due to unforeseen weather conditions or
other circumstances will be decided collectively between the FIS Race Director, FIS Event
Coordinator and the OC.

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6.3 Venue/Region Information
The HB is required to include at the beginning of the pre-race multilateral running order a
one-minute video sequence showing the natural beauty/ items of interest/profile of the host
city or region.

7. Event Operations

7.1 Definition of Roles and Contributors

FIS RACE DIRECTOR
Is the most senior officiating member of the competition management and his/her duties
include the health and safety aspects of the competition venue and the surrounding
environment. The race director has a key role to play in all matters affecting the sporting
activity and the running of the competition. The race director is also responsible for the timing
of the event as well as making decisions regarding the weather and other conditions.

FIS EVENT COORDINATOR

In addition to various other functions is the link between the Host Broadcaster and FIS, the
Marketing Agency as well as the jury.

FIS TV SUPERVISOR
As described in the division of obligations table, the FIS TV Supervisor, working under the
guidance and authority of the FIS Race Director, will be appointed to a specific number of
events and will attend the initial planning survey, following the planning and progress until the
final delivery. In particular the FIS TV Supervisor will contribute to the decisions made
regarding the competition venue infrastructure and TV compound logistics and act as a point
of contact to ensure all the deliverables are provided as agreed during the site survey.

TV AND MEDIA RIGHTS MANAGER (TVM)

International TV and Media rights are carefully coordinated by the appointed Media partner
who will attend each and every event during the calendar season. The TV and Media Rights
Manager (TVM) represents the interests of the international broadcast partners and will
ensure a strong and effective planning relationship between the NSA, OC and host
broadcaster, as well as attending and non-attending rights holders.

The TVM is the principal point of contact for all broadcast partners, particularly for those
choosing to attend the event and which require access to the programme feed, isolated
camera requests, power, commentary facilities, parking, accreditation, accommodation,
office containers, security and local labour. They may have also booked local broadcast
facilities and crew to assist with their programming needs at the competition venue.
Providing these requests are made within the notified deadlines, the TVM will ensure that
the HB is aware of the requirements and the necessary planning is in place to accommodate
them.

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The TVM will also check the TV Compound layout in terms of space for the international
uplink and any attending RHB’s who may arrive with their own facilities to customise their
programme from the competition venue.

The TVM will work closely with the OC, HB and FIS TV Supervisor to ensure the planning
process runs to time and according to any written deadlines.

During the event phase, the TVM will produce and distribute an approved multilateral running
order for each competition and will need to be sure that the running order is followed
according to the published format. The TVM will ensure the international world feed is
delivered to the standard required and coordinate any pre and post unilateral requests on a
daily basis.

HOST BROADCASTER PRODUCER/PRODUCTION MANAGER

The principal point of contact representing the host broadcaster, will be available to handle
all requests regarding the host broadcaster’s responsibilities and is the likely interface with
attending rights holders. The production manager will attend the initial venue survey and
distribute the relevant documentation as follow up to the planning survey. The production
manager will manage the activities within the TV compound designing a schedule for the
park and power process and making sure all the cabling requirements are met according to
specific requests and deadlines. The production manager will also work closely with the OC
regarding practical considerations such as power supply, security, parking and course
access.

FIS MEDIA AND PR COORDINATOR

The FIS Media and PR coordinator acts as an interface between the media and the athletes
and typically arrives two days before the first competition.

Among other responsibilities, the Media and PR coordinator checks the facilities, structure
and flow of the mixed zone and finish area ensuring that members of the media are given
opportunities to speak with athletes after their race.

The Media and PR coordinator will manage the appropriate leader presentation which allows
the TV audience and local spectators to see who is the current leader. The athlete may
change several times during the course of the competition.

The Media and PR coordinator will also conduct the post-race interview for the multilateral
feed and will work closely with the TVM and HB to co-ordinate exactly when that will take
place.

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CHIEF DATA AND TIMING SUPERVISOR (WHERE APPLICABLE)
The role and expertise of the Chief Data and Timing Supervisor may be summarised as
follows:

Communicating and coordinating with all attending parties (FIS, TV/HB and the OC)
Managing all operational aspects of the timing and data service
Supervising the installation and setup of the timing and in venue results technology (timing,
scoring, data handling, results, scoreboards, TV etc.)
Having considerable knowledge of the sport and competition rules
Attending the initial venue survey (as required)
Ensuring the planning, deadlines and required quality and quantity of deliverables are
respected
Representing the interests of the timing and data service at venue meetings, operations and
official events

CHIEF OF STADIUM (CS)

Reports to the Chief of Competition and is responsible for all activities in the stadium area.
This includes the flow of competitors to the starting area, equipment marking, commercial
markings, equipment control in the finish area, the flow of athletes from the finish area and
providing support for anti-doping controllers.

The CS also supervises the installation of fencing, course markings and signs in the stadium
area as well as coordinating the placement of the start and finish lines with the data and
timing supervisor.

The CS is responsible for the security aspects of the stadium area including access and
control for competitors, coaches, service personnel and the media including the preparation
of the mixed zone.

The CS must make sure there is sufficient lighting to provide adequate working conditions

CEREMONY CHIEF (CC)

Reports to the Chief of Competition and the OC Chief and is responsible for the entire
Winner Presentation and Prize Giving ceremony. The CC will coordinate with the FIS PR &
Media Coordinator, the speaker, TVM and the Host Broadcaster regarding the exact position
and timing of the ceremony. The CC will ensure that everything is prepared immediately after
the race and the designated representatives are in position. Overall the CC will ensure a well
presented winner ceremony according to the FIS Guidelines.

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7.2 Contingency
In the event of adverse weather conditions or other circumstances threatening to postpone or
cancel a scheduled event, the TVM will discuss the options with the FIS Race director, FIS
Event Coordinator and OC. If an event is rescheduled the information is quickly distributed to
domestic and international broadcast partners via the TVM. Even if the competition is
postponed or cancelled the host broadcaster should come on air at the scheduled time with
live weather conditions and an explanation of the problem and the reason any decision was
taken.

7.3 Competition Communication

Although the host broadcaster is not expected to maintain permanent radio communication
with the FIS Race Director, relevant issues will certainly be discussed before and perhaps
during a competition via the FIS Event Coordinator.

7.4 Public Address System

The speaker and/or moderator, when present, must be informed in detail of the way the
competition will be used by broadcasters, so that the use of the loudspeaker does not spoil the
event for a broadcaster which may shuffle the order, create highlights or broadcast strategic
phases of the competition. This is particularly valid for broadcasters who have in-vision or
studio positions at the venue and whose announcers are recording suitable links for their final
programme.

The volume and content of the public address sound throughout the venue must be co-
ordinated between the HB and the OC.

8. Event Phase

The Cross Country experts have prepared information regarding the preparation immediately
prior to the competition. This is reproduced in this section 8 as it provides information which
could assist for the final on-site preparations for all disciplines.

8.1 Run up to the first TX commitment

As soon as a FIS Cross-Country Skiing competition reaches the final planning week a
number of scheduled activities must take place to fully prepare the venue, course and
broadcasting arrangements in a relatively short amount of time. The following table provides
an example for a combined format race (i.e. a sprint with a middle or long distance format).

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 Days before TX Description
– 5 Days Tender and support vehicles travel and park
– 4 Days Assemble all camera platforms as well as initial cabling for both
race formats.
– 3 Days Cabling continues
– 2 Days Director and Timing Supervisor agree and identify pre and
intermediate timing points as per the survey details

HB Outside Broadcast vehicles arrive as well as any mobile

production facilities for attending rights holders

TV Compound park and power

Complete cabling, position and install cameras and microphones

– 1 Day Initial meeting and inspection of the finish area/TV position with
OC, chief of press/media to discuss any details

SNG vehicles park and power with cabling to the HB production

vehicle

Complete OB Van configuration and perform technical facilities

check before the end of the day and according to local daylight
conditions

As part of the facilities and production rehearsal produce the test

race with timing (as required and agreed on a case by case basis)

Commentator’s briefing (as required)

TV coordination meeting to include current progress, all technical

issues, running order brief and programme of unilateral activities

Third and final meeting with all FIS management parties, the OC
including Chief of course, Stadium and ceremonies and the venue
announcer
TX Day 1 Complete Race 1 and reset of course for race 2
TX Day 2 Full facilities check and rehearsal followed by race 2

8.2 Camera Production Test and Rehearsal

The competition format, location and experience of the host broadcaster will determine the
necessity to conduct a full test race in advance of the first televised commitment and this
requirement should be considered on a case by case basis.

If required, the NSA and OC will organise a junior or amateur race in good time in advance of
the first competition. The ‘test’ race will take place at a specific time and must include a full
timing service and a post-race presentation.

Some experienced broadcasters use a skidoo travelling at a similar speed to the athletes to
step through the camera positions and cutting sequence.

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8.3 Daily Call Sheets
The HB is expected to distribute call sheets on a daily basis to their production crew to
include the necessary checks of their production facilities including the interface with timing
and signal path to the uplink vehicle.

All pre and post unilateral requests must be included in the daily call sheets.

EXAMPLE DAILY CALL SHEET

Time Description
08:00 Engineering crew arrive on site and check power and facilities

09:00 Production crew arrive on site, (cameras, audio assistants, VTR, graphics, uplink)

09:15 – 09:30 Production briefing

09:30 All camera operators and crew to positions

10:00 – 10:30 Full faces check and rehearsal

10:50 – 12:30 On Air Race 1

12:35 – 12:45 Post unilateral 1

12:45 – 12:55 Post unilateral 2

13:00 – 14:00 Lunch

14:00 – 14:20 All cameras and crew in position

14:20 – 15:30 On Air Race 2

15:35 – 15:45 Post Unilateral 1

15:45 – 15:55 Post unilateral 2

16:00 Off air, de-rig and power down

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9. Advertising Considerations

9.1 Advertising Considerations

One of the principal methods of financing the costs associated with staging FIS competitions
is through event sponsorship. Sponsors play an invaluable role in supporting the NSA’s and
OC’s at the event level by providing a substantial part of the funding and promotional
support. In addition, they provide much of the funding that supports long term development
and grassroots programmes in the sport. These sponsors derive the majority of value in their
investment from the advertising exposure they receive through the broadcast coverage.

For this reason it is important that the HB and those responsible for handling the on-site
advertising operations for the sponsors at each race establish an effective working
relationship to best meet the objectives of the broadcasters and commercial partners.

9.2 FIS Advertising Rules

The document ‘FIS Advertising Rules’ contains the strict guidelines for advertising
possibilities in the Competition Area and in particular the areas in the view of the television
cameras featured in the production plan.

The guidelines contain general advertising principles for all FIS events and point out an exact
description of the advertising possibilities for each individual event.

The organisers assigned to carry out an event by FIS and their NSA’s are responsible for the
observance of these advertising rules. Objections and complaints can be made to the
respective NSA or to FIS and in case of non-observance the organisers are fully liable
towards the FIS Council as well as the respective NSA.

The FIS Advertising Rules for all disciplines are published on the FIS homepage
www.fis-ski.com.

9.3 FIS Marketing Guide

Since the season 2010/11 FIS has established together with FIS Marketing AG a new
marketing concept affecting a number of disciplines, which is updated on a regular basis. All
details of the concept and its installation for all disciplines are published on the FIS
homepage www.fis-ski.com.

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9.4 Advertising Check
The OC together with the HB and the Marketing Agency must complete a final check of all
advertising related matters at least two hours before the first scheduled competition.
Advertising personnel are not permitted to leave their positions later than one hour prior to
the competition and therefore will need to finalise the advertising installation before that time.

During TV rehearsals or training runs, the advertising manager is advised to check the
positioning of advertisements by looking at the TV picture in the TV Production Office or OB
van. The advertising check is based on a balance of the ‘FIS Advertising Rules’ and the sport
security aspects, especially regarding the selected camera positions, the selection and
installation of advertising spaces and special advertising elements, e.g. inflatables in the
Competition Area.

9.5 Placement of Advertising Banners in the Competition Area

The advertising installation is positioned by the Marketing Agency in collaboration with the
HB and under the supervision of FIS during the preparation of the competition venue.

The OC together with the Marketing Agency is obliged to ensure that advertising banners are
fixed on appropriate installations taking account of safety requirements. The exact
dimensions of the material and the frames depend on the type of events and the space
available.

10. Graphics Data and Timing

10.1 FIS Graphics, Data and Timing Partner

FIS, in close partnership with its chosen third party service provider is responsible for the
data and timing service that will deliver the FIS TV graphic presentation used during the
transmission of the international signal for any given FIS event.

The service provider, under the supervision of the TV Producer, will be responsible for the
complete graphics presentation, including the overall race timing, pre and intermediate
timing, results and standings, course/hill profiles, name supers, photo finish, weather, title,
TV Director credit etc. This data and timing service:

• Shall be a component of the international world feed and will therefore be seen by all
RHB’s in their TV transmissions. The service is provided in the English language
• Will be inserted with the corporate name/logo free of charge by the HB according to
the Advertising Rules which are attached
RHBs will not remove any identification when transmitting the multilateral signal
The HB is responsible for providing and installing the necessary cables from the timing and
data room to the production vehicle/facilities including a talkback system. The HB must also
provide a colour monitor for the timing room with the dirty programme feed.

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The graphics, data and timing partner will also be responsible for the photo finish technology
and will make available this image to the host broadcaster as and when required.
As a standard component of each running order, a course/competition venue profile
animation is included in the format and this will be prepared and delivered by the timing
partner.

Typically the animation is pre-recorded to EVS by the HB and used in rehearsal and during the
programme at the HB’s convenience.

The data and timing service operation will be located as conveniently as possible to the TV
Compound infrastructure and the location will be identified during the site survey.

The connectivity can be summarised as follows:

HOST BROADCASTER CONNECTIVITY WITH TV GRAPHICS

TV SIGNALS

OUT graphics key IN

GRAPHIC VAN / TIMING ROOM

OUT graphics fill IN

PRODUCTION VEHICLE
HOST BROADCASTER
IN blackburst/genlock OUT
IN program feed OUT

INTERCOM COMMUNICATON
(HB Equipment)

IN Canon XLR OUT

OUT Canon XLR IN

POWER SUPPLY

IN common main phase 380V/16A OUT

max. 200m distance

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11. TV Ratings

At the end of the season in April of the current year, the RHB’s are invited to provide data
regarding the ratings of skiing event broadcasts.

The FIS and the NSA’s will receive, free of charge, a review on the TV ratings for the
transmission of skiing events through the national networks.

All RHB's are requested to use the FIS TV rating form (copy annexed).

12. Glossary of Terms

Analogue A continuously variable signal, circuit or device designed to

handle such signals. Opposite to digital.

Aspect Ratio The aspect ratio of an image is its width divided by its height.
For television and video applications, aspect ratios are
pronounced ‘x-by-y’. The two common videographic aspect
ratios are 4:3, universal for standard-definition video formats,
and 16:9, universal for high-definition and digital television.

Bookable Facilities Technical or production services, facilities or equipment that

can be reserved by Broadcast Partners for their own use.

Broadcast Compound A specific area at a venue designated for the parking and
operation of mobile technical and production trucks, office
trailers, SNG and other vehicles.

Broadcast Partner A Broadcaster that has acquired the rights to broadcast (a) FIS
World Cup race(s) in a particular territory or territories, also
known as a RHB (Rights Holding Broadcaster).

Commentator Radio or television sports announcer commentating on the

event. Commentator may work from a commentary position at
the venue, or in some cases ‘off tube’ using the multilateral
signal at a remote location.

Downlink Segment of the satellite circuit from the satellite to a receiving

dish. To complete the connection an uplink is required.

EET Equivalent Electric Time: An official time measurement

determined from the back up timing systems for a time missing
from the primary timing system.

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ENG Electronic News Gathering, using a portable lightweight field
camera. Typically used by a small production (or ENG) crew.

EVS The name of the manufacturer of an industry standard video

disk recorder used for slow motion replays and creating
highlights packages.

Feed Television or radio programme transmitted, or fed, to Broadcast

Partners.

Flash interview Brief interview of athletes done just before or immediately after
the race. Often used as a term to describe an interview included
in the multilateral world feed.

FIS Fédération Internationale de Ski

Frequency The number of cycles per second of wave signal. Measured in

Hertz (Hz) or kilohertz (kHz) or MegaHertz (mHz).

GMT Greenwich Mean Time, which is universally recognised and

fixed and not affected by regional daylight saving adjustments
and is used as the reference to determine event schedules,
broadcast transmissions and running orders.

HB Host Broadcaster. A television network or production company

responsible for producing the international television signal of
the competition for use by RHB's. The HB also coordinates their
unilateral requirements and ensures the distribution of the
television signal.

HD/HDTV High Definition Television. High-resolution digital television

combined with Dolby Digital Surround Sound.

Injection Point Technical facility that allows Broadcast Partners to play back
and send recorded footage to their home station.

ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network. A technology using

telephone lines which provides improved audio quality for
transmission and a number of implementation types allowing
digital data transfer.

Media Tribune Part of the spectator stand specifically reserved for media such
as written press, photographers, TV and radio commentators
and observers. Accessible only with the appropriate
accreditation.

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Mobile Uplink or SNG A mobile communications satellite earth station. Mobile units
are usually vans equipped with advanced, two-way audio and
video transmitters and receivers, using dish antennas that can
be directed at geostationary satellites.

Multilateral signal the multilateral television signal produced by the HB. It is

impartial and produced so that there is no focus on one
particular athlete or country. The multilateral signal contains
graphics, replays and natural sound from the venues, but not
commentators, interviews or advertising.

NSA National Ski Association

OB Van/Truck Outside Broadcast Vehicle. Mobile television production control

room for remote coverage of an event, using a range of
standard broadcast facilities. Sometimes additional vehicles are
used as dedicated videotape or graphics support vehicles, and
are designed to integrate with the principal OB vehicle.

OC Organising Committee

Ratings The rating of a show is the percentage of households watching

a particular programme in relation to the total number of
television households in the country.

RHB Rights Holding Broadcaster(s). A television company that has

acquired the rights to transmit an event. RHB may either have
production staff at the event to customise its programming
through integrating unilateral production with the multilateral
signal or receive the multilateral signal at its home studio to
create its programme.

Shares The share is the percentage of households watching a show in

relation to the total number of households that are watching
television at a given moment in time.

SSM Super Slow Motion, a broadcast industry standard to describe a

video processing system that delivers individual frames at high
speed, typically 75 frames per second, or a field rate of 150/s.
Providing that both a camera system and the recording system
are operating at 150/s the replayed signal is of very fine quality,
and highly suited for sports broadcasting.

Timing The timing clock is activated when a skier passes through a

pivoting, knee-high wand to begin his or her run.

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Transition Replay Wipe The short animated movement or wipe, used to signify the
transition from live pictures to a replay or sequence of replays.
The same applies in the reverse direction, from the last
replayed item back to live pictures.

Unilateral Signal An individual or single production/transmission intended for a

specific destination or territory. Unilateral Broadcaster is also a
term given to RHB who has reserved unilateral facilities for
services and equipment for its own purposes.

UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply. Used for critical broadcast or

event deliveries when the primary source of electricity is
supplied from the local grid. Should there be a power failure,
the UPS protects the demand, first by a series of heavy duty
batteries to supplement the power and then by electricity from a
diesel generator. The process is a seamless function designed
not to disturb or interrupt the power supply for the broadcast or
live event operation.

Video Control The video controller will control that the gates are passed
correctly.

Yellow Jackets Industry standard protective cable trays, for indoor and outdoor
use in order to identify a cable path in a safe and protective
jacket. Usually positioned at ground level, where the cable path
crosses an area also used for public access.

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