LEA 132 – COMPARATIVE MODELS IN POLICING

MODULE 4 – SELECTED POLICE MODELS

ASEAN POLICE MODELS

1. JAPAN POLICING SYSTEM

- Official Name: Keisatsu Seido (Japan Police Force)

- Agency: Prime Minister

- Organizational Structure:

1. National Public Safety Commission (NPSC)

a. Supervises the NPA

b. Makes basic policy

c. Has control over the NPA Composition of

the NPSC

 Chairman with the rank of Minister State

 Five members appointed by the prime minister

2. National Police Agency (NPA)

a. Determines general standards and policies
b. Take command of prefectural police forces in case of national
emergency or large-scale disaster

 Head of NPA: Commissioner General appointed by NPSC with the approval of

prime minister.

3. Regional police Bureaus

a. Regional Bureaus are local agencies maintained by NPA. These are
subordinate to the NPA.

 Role of RPB:

- Exercise control and supervision over prefectural police within its

jurisdiction.
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- Provide support services to prefectural police within its jurisdiction.

 Head of RPB: Director General

 Seven (7) Regional Police Bureaus

1. Tohuko
2. Kinki
3. Shikoku
4. Kanto
5. Chubu
6. Jyushu
7. Chugoku
Note: Regional Police Bureau is under the supervision of National Police Agency .

4. Prefectural Police headquarters

- Prefectures refers to Japan sub-national jurisdiction. In Japanese, they are

referred to as todofuken. Prefectures are governmental bodies larger than

cities, towns, and villages.

a) Todofuken means

b) To- one metropolis, Tokyo

c) Do- on circuit, Hokkaido

d) Fu- two urban prefectures, Osaka and Kyoto

e) Ken- 43 other prefectures

- Head of the Prefectural Police Headquarters : Chief Superintendent

5. Local and City Police Station

Important Terms in Japan Policing System

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Important Terms in Japan Policing System

• Keihoryo (Police Bureau)

• Dual Policing System- used by the National Rural Police and he municipal police.

• Law of 1954 – the law or re-organization of Japan Policing System.

• Koban (Police Boxes)- these are police post located in neighborhood near major

transportation hubs and shopping areas and in residential districts. They form

the first line of police response to the public.

• Chuzaisho (Residential Police Boxes)- serves as community safety center for

local residents.

Role of Police in Japan

The duties of the police in Japan are stipulated by the Police Law as “Protecting the

life, Person and property of an individual citizen, Preventing, Suppressing and investigating

crimes, controlling traffic and also maintaining public safety and order”.

VIP’s in Japan Policing System

• Prefectural – means of district, metropolitan, in deployment of police force in

Japan.

• Parliamentary – Form of government in Japan

• Keishi-sokan -Superintendent General

• Keishi-kan- Superintendent Supervisor

• Keishi-cho -Chief Superintendent

• Keishi-sei- Senior Superintendent

• Keishi- Superintendent

• Keibu- Police Inspector

• Keibu-ho-Assistant Police Inspector

• Junsa-bucho (Police Sergeant

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• Junsa- Policeman

• Junsa-cho – Senior Policeman

Note: The Commissioner-General of the NPA also has the status of a police officer and
functionally holds the highest position in the Japanese police forces but he does not have a

police rank. Keishi-sokan is the term for the highest rank of police officer, and also the

title of the head of the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department.

2. SINGAPORE POLICING SYSTEM

Official name – Singapore Police Force (formerly known as Republic of Singapore Police)

Organization’s Structure – Line and Staff

Important Terms in Singapore Policing System

a. 11 man – considered as the number of origin for Singapore Police Force under the
command of Francis James Bernanrd.

b. Warrant Card- issued to every police officer in Singapore which is an evidence of

appointment.

c. Commissioner of Police- top ranking police officer of the Singapore Police Force.
d. Constable- lowest rank in the Singapore Police Force.

Ranking System in Singapore Police Force

In Singapore there are two categories of ranking.

1. Junior Police Officers – Senior Station Inspector 2

2. Senior Police Officers – Commissioner of Police

LEA 132 – COMPARATIVE MODELS IN POLICING
LEA 132 – COMPARATIVE MODELS IN POLICING
 LEA 132 – COMPARATIVE MODELS IN POLICING

3. POLICE SYSTEM OF HONG KONG

Official Name: Hong Kong Police Force

Agency: Ministry of Home Affairs under Security Bureau of HongKong

Organizational Structure: ‘A’ Department (Operations and Support)

‘B’ Department (Crime and Security)

‘C’ Department (Personnel and Training)

‘D’ Department (Management Services)

Important Terms in Hong Kong Police Policing System

a. Considered as ASIA’S FINEST in Policing System

Reason: recognized as being Safest Country in the World and gathered the

title of LOW CRIME RATE COUNTRY.

b. World’s Second in Modern Policing System and First among Asia’s Country.

Ranking System in HongKong Police Force

Top Most Rank: Commissioner of Police

Lowest Rank: Police Constable

Note: no classification of rank

4. MALAYSIA POLICING SYSTEM

Official Name: Royal Malaysian Police

Structure: Security Forces

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Duties: Traffic control and intelligence gathering

Important Terms in Malaysia Policing System

a. Rakan Cop - a community outreach program launched in 9 August 2005.

b. Inspector-General of Police (IGP)- led the police force in Malaysia
c. Gazetted – Commissioned
d. Non-gazetted – Non-Commissioned
Ranking System in Malaysia Police Forces Ranking

Categories:

1. Senior Officers – Inspector General of the Police

2. Gazetted Officers – Senior Assistant Commissioner of Police II (SAC
II)

3. Non-gazetted Officers – Inspector

4. Rank in file officers – Sub-Inspector
5. Subordinate Officers – Sergeant

Note: Constable is the lowest rank in Malaysia Police Force which is equivalent to
Patrolman in PNP.

5. INDONESIA POLICING SYSTEM

Official Name: Indonesian National Police

Agency: under the Office of President

Structure: smaller than their total population

Important Terms in Indonesia Policing System

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a. Markas Besar/ Mabes – term for their headquarters

b. Kamra – trainees which serves as police auxiliary
c. Polri – refers to Police/ Cop
d. Bhayangakara –refers to an Officer

Ranking System in Indonesia Police Force

Indonesia Police Force Categories of Ranking

1. High ranking officers – Police General

2. Mid rank officers – Police Grand Commissioner

3. Low rank officers – Police Commissioner Adjutant

4. Warrant officers – First Police Inspector Adjutant

5. Non-commissioned officers – Chief Police Brigadier

6. Enlisted –Second Bhayangkara

Note: Second Bhayangkara have an equivalent of Patrolman in PNP.

6. INDIA POLICING SYSTEM

Official Name: Indian Police Service or State Police Service

Agency : Director Intelligence Bureau

Ranking System in India Police Force

1. Gazetted – headed by the Commissioner of Police as a Chief and Assistant

Superintendent of Police as the lowest rank in Gazetted Officers

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2. Non- Gazetted – belongs the Inspector of Police as the most Senior and Police
Constable as the Lowest rank in India Police Service.

7. Thailand Policing System

Official Name : Royal Thai Police (RTP)

Important Terms in Thailand Policing System

a. Tamruat – term for Police

b. Waghyaian – term for Chief
c. RTP – Royal Thai Police
Note: The RTP categorized into two officers:Commissioned and Non-
Commissioned

d. Policeman/Constable – the lowest rank in RTP

e. Police General – Highest rank in RTP
Note: Policeman/Constable having an equivalent of Patrolman in PNP.

8. China Policing System

Official Name: National Police Agency

Agency: Ministry of the Interior, Republic of China

Ranking System in China Policing System

a. Police Rank 4 – lowest rank in NPA in China

b. Police Supervisor Rank Supreme – Highest Rank in NPA in China
Note: Police Rank 4 have an equivalent of Constable some other country and Patrolman
in PNP.
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POLICING SYSTEM OF OTHER COUNTRIES

9. UNITED STATES POLICING SYSTEM

Official Name: Federal Law Enforcement Officers

Agency: under the Department of Public Safety

Structures : Paramilitary

Note: United States Policing System is the basis of implementation of vital policing system
in the world.

Ranking System in United States Police Force

a. Chief of police /Police Commissioner /Superintendent/Sheriff:

- considered as the High- Ranking Official in United States Police Force

b. Officer / Deputy / Corporal - the lowest rank in Police Force.

Note: In US Detective is equivalent of Police Corporal in PNP.

10. UNITED KINGDOM POLICE

The Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) is the territorial police force responsible

for policing Greater London, excluding the “square mile” of the City of London which is the

responsibility of the City of London Police. The MPS also has significant national

responsibilities such as co-coordinating and leading on counterterrorism matters and

protection of the Royal Family of the United Kingdom and senior figures of HM

Government.

Commissioner- the overall operational leader of the force, responsible and accountable to

the Metropolitan Police Authority.

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MPS is also referred to as Scotland Yard.

Important Terms in United Kingdom Policing System

a. Home Secretary – have an overall administrative power and control in Police

Service in England.

b. Whitehall – a hall adjacent to the Headquarters of MPS.

c. Scotland Yard – also known as MPS
d. Pip – Stone or Kernel (found on the rank insignia of Chief Superintendent

e. Metropolitan Police Service is also known as “the Met”, “Met Pol”, “MP” and “the
MPS”

11. SOVIET UNION POLICING SYSTEM

Official Name – KGB (Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti or Committee for State

Security

Agency – Council of Ministers of the USSR

Note: Ministry of internal Affairs, (Ministerstvo Vnutrennikh Del) (MVD), KGB and
Ancillary Forces having different offices.

Important Terms in Soviet Union Policing System

a. Konsomol – called to the lowest security officers in Russia under in the office of
Ancillary Forces.

b. Ancillary Forces – known as auxiliary forces

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c. KGB – the purpose of the office is the security of the State.

MVD – the office function is known as field security/ Troops