Cambridge O Level: 2251/22 Sociology

Cambridge O Level
SOCIOLOGY 2251/22
Paper 2 May/June 2023
1 hour 45 minutes
You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.
You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)

*8350955671*
INSTRUCTIONS
• Answer two questions.
• Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.
INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 70.
• The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.
06_2251_22_2023_1.6
© UCLES 2023 [Turn over
2
Answer two questions
Section A: Family
1 Family life has changed. Different types of family have emerged along with changes to family roles.
For example, joint conjugal roles are now far more common. For some sociologists the family is
considered a positive and essential institution, whereas for others it is a place of inequality and
negative experiences.
(a) What is meant by the term ‘joint conjugal role’? [2]
(b) Describe two reasons why reconstituted families are becoming more common in modern
industrial societies. [4]
(c) Explain how grandparents can contribute to family life. [6]
(d) Explain why urbanisation has changed family life. [8]
(e) To what extent is there a dark side of the family? [15]
Section B: Education
2 Many changes have occurred in the education system. There are now more types of schools and
there have been changes in the curriculum. However, despite the changes, there are still clear
differences in the educational results of different students and their experiences of being at school.
Some sociologists believe that social factors and family background are the reason for these
differences.
(a) What is meant by the term ‘social factors’? [2]
(b) Describe two sanctions that schools use to control students. [4]
(c) Explain how Marxists would criticise the education system. [6]
(d) Explain why a student’s family background may affect educational achievement. [8]
(e) To what extent is the comprehensive system of education the best? [15]
© UCLES 2023 06_2251_22_2023_1.6

3
Section C: Crime, deviance and social control
3 There are many different reasons why individuals commit crime. Sociologists research crime to
understand these reasons and to investigate the impact of crimes on victims. Explanations for crime
often suggest labelling or a lack of status are to blame. However, many crimes are not reported to
the police and these unrecorded crimes can therefore be very difficult to research.
(a) What is meant by the term ‘labelling’? [2]
(b) Describe two urban crimes. [4]
(c) Explain how victim surveys are used to measure crime. [6]
(d) Explain why crimes are not always reported to the police. [8]
(e) To what extent can a lack of status in society explain criminal behaviour? [15]
Section D: Media
4 Contemporary media is no longer national or local, it is a global institution often using citizen
journalism for its content. Audience members use traditional and new media for many different
reasons. Some sociologists believe that the media will influence the audience’s values and attitudes
as it is a powerful agent of socialisation. Other sociologists disagree, instead seeing audiences as
being in control of the media.
(a) What is meant by the term ‘citizen journalism’? [2]
(b) Describe two ways the audience use the media, according to the uses and gratifications
model. [4]
(c) Explain how the media is biased. [6]
(d) Explain why contemporary media is global. [8]
(e) To what extent does the media influence the audience’s values and attitudes? [15]
© UCLES 2023 06_2251_22_2023_1.6

4
BLANK PAGE
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.
Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2023 06_2251_22_2023_1.6

Cambridge O Level: 2251/22 Sociology

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Cambridge O Level: 2251/22 Sociology

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Cambridge O Level: 2251/22 Sociology

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Cambridge O Level

You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.

You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)

This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

Answer two questions

(a) What is meant by the term ‘joint conjugal role’? [2]

(c) Explain how grandparents can contribute to family life. [6]

(d) Explain why urbanisation has changed family life. [8]

(e) To what extent is there a dark side of the family? [15]

(a) What is meant by the term ‘social factors’? [2]

© UCLES 2023 06_2251_22_2023_1.6

Section C: Crime, deviance and social control

(a) What is meant by the term ‘labelling’? [2]

(b) Describe two urban crimes. [4]

(a) What is meant by the term ‘citizen journalism’? [2]

(c) Explain how the media is biased. [6]

(d) Explain why contemporary media is global. [8]

© UCLES 2023 06_2251_22_2023_1.6

© UCLES 2023 06_2251_22_2023_1.6

You might also like