HƯỚNG DẪN IELTS WRITING TASK 2

TARGET: 7.0+
1. Opinion (Agree or Disagree)  cần nêu rõ đồng ý hay phản đối (có thể 50/50)
2. Advantages and Disadvantages  cần phân tích cả lợi ích và tác hại
3. Discussion (Discuss both views)  cần phân tích cả hai luận điểm
4. Problem and Solution  cần đưa ra lý do và giải pháp
5. Two-part Question  cần trả lời rõ cả hai câu hỏi

2-idea body 1-idea body

1. Introduction (2 câu) 1. Introduction (2 câu)
- Khái quát topic (1 câu optional) - Khái quát topic (1 câu optional)
- Paraphrase đề bài (1 câu) - Paraphrase đề bài (1 câu)
- Thesis (1 câu) - Thesis (1 câu)

2. Body 1 (5-6 câu) 2. Body 1 (5 câu)

- Khái quát nội dung Body (1 câu) - Khái quát luận điểm chính (1 câu)
- Luận điểm 1 + mở rộng (2~3 câu) - Giải thích (1 câu)
- Luận điểm 2 + mở rộng (2~3 câu) - Nêu ví dụ (1 câu)
- Hệ quả (1 câu)
3. Body 2 (5-6 câu) như trên - Chốt lại luận điểm (1 câu)

4. Conclusion (1 câu) 3. Body 2 (5 câu) như trên

- Khẳng định lại thesis (1 câu)
4. Conclusion (1 câu)
- Khẳng định lại thesis (1 câu)

 THESIS VÀ TOPIC SENTENCES CẦN RÕ RÀNG VÀ ĂN KHỚP VỚI NỘI DUNG

CỦA BODY

 IDEA PHẢI RÕ RÀNG VÀ TINH GỌN

 TRÁNH TỪ VỰNG MANG TÍNH KHẲNG ĐỊNH (ABSOLUTE VOCABULARY)

 PARAPHRASE CÀNG NHIỀU CÀNG TỐT

 SỬ DỤNG NHIỀU CỤM DANH TỪ/COLLOCATIONS THAY VÌ VIẾT CÂU DIỄN

GIẢI ĐƠN THUẦN

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HƯỚNG DẪN IELTS WRITING TASK 2 (TARGET 7.0+)
[KHÁI QUÁT + PARAPHRASE + THESIS]
1. KHÁT QUÁT TOPIC (OPTIONAL)
Hãy đưa ra một nhận xét mang tính khái quát (rộng hơn) topic đề bài đưa ra.
A wide spectrum of opinions has been presented in terms of
Opinions divide when it comes to
It is hard to overstate the benefits/consequences of
Ví dụ 1: Topic: Online classes make conventional classrooms unnecessary  Khái quát: As the Internet
becomes more accessible than ever before, E-learning has exploded in recent years.
Ví dụ 2: Topic: High school graduates should take a gap year before attending university  Khái quát:
Normally, high school students will either pursue college or enter the workforce after graduation.

2. PARAPHRASE
Có hai cách cơ bản nhất để paraphrase đề bài:

Cách 1: “Word by word” – thay đổi từng từ

Lựa chọn những từ vựng có ý nghĩa tương tự như nhau và thay lần lượt vào đề bài để được câu mới.

Ví dụ: Smoking should be banned in every country.

Smoking = Cigarettes; to be banned = to be prohibited; every country = all over the world
 Cigarettes should be prohibited all over the world.

Lưu ý: Không được tự ý paraphrase từng từ trong một cụm mà phải tìm synonym của cả cụm.
Ví dụ: Dangerous sports (n) không thể thay thế bằng hazardous sports (n), nhưng có thể thay bằng
extreme sports/risky sports.

Cách 2: Nêu ra cuộc tranh luận

Nói rằng có sự tranh luận giữa hai luồng ý kiến. Sử dụng cấu trúc:
There has been heated debate over whether + (mệnh đề)
Whether + (mệnh đề) + remains a major source of controversy/a topic of interest
Whether + (mệnh đề) + is necessarily a perennial debate

Ví dụ : Smoking should be banned in every country.

 There has been heated debate over whether smoking should be banned in every country or not.

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 3. THESIS STATEMENT
Cần trả lời vắn tắt câu hỏi đề bài đưa ra bằng một trong hai cấu trúc sau:

While (MĐ1), (MĐ2)

hoặc

This essay will …

Ví dụ 1: Smoking should be banned in every country. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
 While there are a number of reasons why smoking should be banned, I would argue that people
should have the right to smoke.
 This essay will give evidence as to why people should have the right to smoke.

Từ vựng ăn điểm cho câu Thesis:

CONJUNCTIONS While = Although = Despite the fact that = In spite of the fact that = Whereas
GIVING VIEWPOINTS to assert/note that = to subscribe to/be inclined to/lean towards the view that = to
be of the idea that = to be convinced that
REASONING compelling reason/evidence/argument = factor = justification; the driving force/primary
reason/main culprit behind sth; gives reasons as to why = provide evidence as to why
GOOD to be advantageous = someone benefits/reaps the benefit from sth = to bring benefits = to exert
positive impacts on sb/sth
BAD to be disadvantageous = to do harm to sb = to cause disservices = to take a toll on sb = to exert
adverse impacts on sb/sth
COMPARISON BETWEEN GOOD/BAD to do more harm than good for sb/sth; to pale in comparison with
its (negative/positive) counterparts; (benefits/drawbacks) makes sth a worthwhile path

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HƯỚNG DẪN VIẾT BODY
[TOPIC SENTENCE + NÊU LUẬN ĐIỂM]
1. TOPIC SENTENCE

(OPINION+DISCUSSION)
On the one hand, there is clear evidence for people to support the view that (MĐ)
There are obvious perks that could be witnessed from the fact that (MĐ)

(ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES)
On the one hand, there are undeniable benefits/drawbacks of (Noun)
On the other hand, I believe that this tendency is rather positive/negative because of
following reasons

(PROBLEM & SOLUTION)

There are obvious reasons that have resulted in the (Noun)
Solutions could be taken so that the problem of (Noun) is solved effectively

2. KHÁI QUÁT LUẬN ĐIỂM

It is a well-known fact that (MĐ)

There is no disputing/denying/doubt that (MĐ)
It is commonly believed/thought that (MĐ)
The first/second/third reason behind this tendency is that (MĐ)
Another point/reason that should be taken into account/consideration is that (MĐ)

Ví dụ triển khai luận điểm cho đề bài: Nowadays many young people are overweight. What are the
causes of this problem?

 (Luận điểm 1): First of all, it is a well-known fact that fast foods have become popular nowadays.
 (Luận điểm 2): Second, there is no disputing that the increase in obesity rate has stemmed from
a lack of exercise.

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 3. TRIỂN KHAI LUẬN ĐIỂM

EXPLANATION RESULT
As/Because/Since (MĐ1), (MĐ2) This may give rise to/lead to/result in (Noun)
Because of/Due to/Thanks to (Noun), (MĐ) Accordingly/As a result/ As a consequence, (MĐ)
This is because (MĐ)

EXAMPLE HYPOTHESIS
For example/For instance/To illustrate, (MĐ) If (MĐ1), (MĐ2)
Take (Noun) as an exemplification Ideally, (MĐ)
A prime/typical example is that (MĐ)

COMPARISON
Compared to/In comparison with (Noun 1), (Noun 2) + Verb
In/By contrast, (MĐ)

Ví dụ triển khai idea cho đề bài: Nowadays many young people are overweight. What are the causes of
this problem?

Khát quát luận điểm: Children like to eat fast foods instead of healthy meals.

 (Explain): Because of its flavor, young children tend to prefer fast food to home-made meals.
 (Result): The overconsumption of fast foods might eventually lead to obesity.
 (Example): The flourishing business of fast food chains can be taken as a typical example.
 (Hypothesis): If young people keep relying on fast foods for their main meals, they are likely to
gain weight and fall prey to obesity.
 (Compare): Compared to home-cooked meals, fast foods possess much greater amounts of fat
and cholesterol which might cause obesity in children.

Ngoài ra, hãy cân nhắc sử dụng những từ nối khi chuyển câu để tạo sự mạch lạc trong bài viết!
LIỆT KÊ IDEA First and foremost, = For a start, = Initially, = To begin/start with,; Moreover, =
Furthermore, = Additionally, = In addition, = Besides,; Finally, = Lastly, = Last but not least,
LÀM RÕ/ỦNG HỘ In other words,; That is to say,; Simply put,; Therefore,; In fact,
PHẢN ĐỐI However,; But; Despite sth/In spite of sth; Notwithstanding sth,; Albeit sth,;

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WRITING TASK 2
SAMPLES
7.0+

6
Topic 1: In some countries young people are encouraged to
work or travel for a year between finishing high school and
starting university studies. Do the advantages of this outweigh
the disadvantages? (EDUCATION)
Traditionally, high school seniors will either pursue college or enter the workforce after their graduation.
In recent years, however, students tend to take a gap year to travel or work before starting university.
While this tendency is certainly disadvantageous to some extent, I would say that the benefits it brings
are more significant.

On the one hand, delaying tertiary education does students numerous disservices. To start with, a
student’s education will take longer to finish, which means he will keep relying on family financial
support. As a result, he puts a heavy burden on his parents, which is a greater problem especially in less
well-off families. To illustrate, this tendency is largely favorable solely among city students, as those
originating from the countryside or suburban areas usually cannot afford to do so. Moreover, even a
short period of traveling and working would likely break the study continuity. Consequently, gap-year
takers would find it extremely difficult to get back into the academic frame of mind when returning to
school.

On the other hand, I am convinced that the aforementioned disadvantages pale in comparison with the
significant advantages of having a year-long break. Initially, this is a necessary pause for high school
graduates after a long frustrating period of sitting intense exams to recover both mentally and
physically. This little break also plays a central role in helping them identify a suitable career path. In
addition, traveling and working in alien environments are essential experiences that a student should
have in his lifetime. A gap year would help them hone practical skills and enhance their social network.
Those skills and relationships might be of the essence when they wish to climb the career ladder or
establish their own business later on.

In conclusion, while some negatives could result from students deferring university enrolment, I would
argue that the given benefits make it a worthwhile path.

(313 words)

7
Topic 2: The world of work is changing rapidly and employees
cannot depend on the same job anymore. Why? What could
be done to help employees prepare for a better career?
(WORK)
The ever-changing work market no longer allows people to cling on to the same job throughout their
whole career. While such change can be attributed to technology and globalization all over the world, it
is highly suggested that employees should be equipped with a transferable skill set and a positive
attitude to stay relevant for the job market.

Technological advancements and globalization have disrupted many traditional industries, leading to the
loss of countless jobs. First of all, as artificial intelligence is being developed rapidly, machines can now
perform complex tasks. This means that tenacious and repetitive jobs are likely to be replaced in the
near future. To illustrate, when auto-driving machines come into effect, they will undoubtedly render
taxi drivers or airplane pilots jobless. Secondly, companies nowadays tend to expand their market by
operating internationally. As a result, they start outsourcing and optimizing their workforce for cost
efficiencies and inevitably cut down on staff.

Employees are most vulnerable to this change, and therefore should take preparations in order to cope
with it effectively. First and foremost, it is required that workers adopt new mindsets and attitudes to
adapt to changes in the working environment. This can be done by trying to increase competitiveness,
avoid complacency, be willing to learn and take on risks. In addition, acquiring transferable skills such as
languages or computer skills is essential if they want to stay relevant for the employment market. These
skills allow them to grasp new career opportunities and no longer depend on any certain job.

To sum up, while the rapid change in the work market is down to technological advancements and
globalization, one should be able to deal with this contemporary issue by being mentally prepared for
any changes as well as equipping themselves with adequate skills.

(296 words)

8
Topic 3: Human-beings are causing great damage to the
environment in many ways. What are some of those ways?
What can be done to address this problem? (ENVIRONMENT)
It is widely acknowledged that mankind is to blame for the deterioration of environmental quality in
recent decades. This essay attempts to shed light on some ways in which humans are destroying the
environment and propose a number of viable solutions to mitigate the problem.

It is evident that the natural environment is being wrecked by human activities. To start with, the
enormous energy consumption in production is a major contributor to environmental problems. In fact,
massive amounts of exhaust emissions as a result of the combustion of fossil fuels for manufacturing
have exacerbated air pollution. This is even worsened by the widespread use of fuel-powered vehicles.
Similarly, the mass production of low-priced consumer goods is considered a main culprit. The fact that
these goods can be made cheaply and readily has spawned a throw-away society, creating more waste,
overloading landfills and polluting water sources.

Some feasible solutions can be implemented to remedy this pressing issue. Firstly, the government
should allocate more funding to green technology, which is key to lowering the reliance on carbon-
intensive energy sources. For instance, the use of hybrid vehicles and renewable energy will help cut
down on the consumption of fossil fuels, and thus reducing the volume of toxic exhaust fumes. Another
measure worth mentioning is to intensify campaigns that raise public awareness about environmental
degradation. Once people are aware of the dire state of the environment and its repercussions, they
would be nudged towards more sustainable lifestyle choices, such as switching from non-disposable
plastic bottles to reusable containers.

In conclusion, the unbridled consumption of conventional energy and consumer goods are giving rise to
major environmental issues, and it is highly suggested that the proposed solutions relating technology
and education be adopted universally to help protect the planet.

(293 words)

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Topic 4: People in many countries are spending less time with
their family. What are the reasons, and effects of this?
(FAMILY/LIFESTYLE)
It is true that modern people have to exhaust themselves for different concerns in life and as a result,
quality family time is on the decline. This tendency is attributable to a host of reasons, and it will have
dire consequences on both family and society.

There are two driving forces behind the fact that people spend significantly less time with family
members than they did in the past. First and foremost, hectic schedules are depriving people of family
time. In fact, most employees these days are occupied with their jobs and it is understandable how they
struggle for time to properly bond with their loved ones. Another reason worth-noticing is technology
overuse. Given the proliferation of digital devices such as the smartphone or tablet, a disproportionate
number of people, especially younger generations, are becoming addicted to these technologies and
isolated from their family as a result. Most teenagers, for instance, would rather spend free time texting
their friends via social media than engage in conversation with their parents.

Accordingly, not only families but also the society is going to suffer the repercussions of this growing
trend. Regarding the former, the absence of family time is furthering the distance between family
members. This may give rise to misunderstandings, potential conflicts or even divorces in worst-case
scenarios. With respect to the latter, the deterioration of family relations might act as a precursor to
multiple social problems. For example, a lack of parental guidance and care certainly leaves children
more vulnerable to toxic influences from bad friends or their media consumption, which might lead to
increased violence and crime.

In conclusion, packed work schedule and heavy use of technological gadgets are to blame for reduced
family time, and I am convinced that this phenomenon exerts negative impacts on both family and
society.

(300 words)

10
Topic 5: It is more important for schoolchildren to learn about
local history than world history. To what extent do you agree
or disagree? (HISTORY)
Whether young students should learn the history of their own country or that of other nations in the
world remains a major source of controversy. While I admit that teaching the former to school children
is essential, I would argue that the latter is no less important.

On the one hand, it is true that learning local history is justifiable. The key rationale in favor of this
opinion is that being aware of one’s origin can instill a sense of patriotism in each child. This may foster
an appreciation for their national heritages, which means they are more willing to defend and
contribute to their country. By contrast, those who lack knowledge about national history may not
respect their own traditions. For example, due to a lack of history education in most schools in Vietnam,
many children have grown up with superficial understanding about their ancestors’ past achievements
and sacrifice. Therefore, the indifference of the younger generations to national current affairs is
inevitable.

On the other hand, I am convinced that it is the most beneficial for young children to learn local history
in parallel with world history. That is to say, acquiring insights into events that took place in different
regions can give children a more holistic perspective of what shaped the world they are living in. At the
other side of the spectrum, those who learn exclusively about national history tend to become biased
and harbor hostile feelings about foreigners. For instance, many students in Vietnam hold grudges
against foreign armies such as America or France who attempted to invade their country and believe
those people are all bad. It would be more impartial an outlook if they thoroughly understand those
wars in world context.

In conclusion, while there are some justifications for considering local history more important than
world history, I would contend that schoolchildren will reap the most benefit from learning both.

(316 words)

11
Topic 6: Some people say that we do not need printed
newspapers anymore. To what extent do you agree or
disagree with this opinion? (MEDIA)
Given the proliferation of online information channels, a rising school of thought holds that conventional
newspapers are no longer necessary. While I admit that online news is indeed superior to printed
version in multiple facets, I would argue that the latter would never be replaced completely.

There are compelling reasons as to why people advocate eschewing paper publications in favor of their
digital versions. First and foremost, it is undeniable that reading news online is infinitely speedier. In lieu
of purchasing papers at a newsstand, people now can access news update immediately via Internet-
connected mobile devices. This enables people to stay updated with all current affairs around them.
Another justification worth mentioning is that online news is virtually free of charge. Most e-papers do
not charge readers, which discourages many individuals from purchasing printed materials.

At the other end of the spectrum, printed newspapers bring certain benefits that can never be replaced.
Firstly, some people simply prefer traditional newspaper to Internet-based newspapers. For example,
the elderly, who lack computer skills and are unfamiliar with a digital screen due to their poor vision,
tend to gravitate towards printed publications. In addition, the disappearance of printed news may have
a far-reaching effect on a whole host of industries. To illustrate, the declining demand for paper news
may force publishers, logging companies and logistics companies to downsize, which could trigger mass
unemployment.

In conclusion, albeit undeniable advantages of online newspapers, I am totally convinced that

conventional news still takes a firm stand in modern society.

(252 words)

12
Topic 7: Anybody can use a mobile phone to answer the work
and personal calls at any time or seven days a week. Is this
development more positive or negative? (TECHNOLOGY)
Modern people can now take phone calls, regardless of work or personal calls, at any given time thanks
to the proliferation of the mobile phones. Although there are certain disadvantages to this trend, I
believe they pale in comparison with the positive counterparts.

The downsides of people having mobile phones to use at their own discretion are definite. First and
foremost, the ubiquity of cell phones may cause sheer disturbances to phone users. That is to say,
unplanned calls can distract people from the task they intend to accomplish, thus lowering their work
productivity. This is even worsened by unsolicited telemarketing calls, made by salespeople or
robocallers for the purpose of promoting products and services, since they deprive people of their own
privacy.

Notwithstanding the aforementioned drawbacks, I am totally convinced that the availability of mobile
phones brings about remarkably greater benefits. For a start, the ready access to this high-tech gadget
has without doubt facilitated instantaneous communication among people irrespective of geographic
boundaries, which results in significant savings. This was never the case in the past, when it took days or
even weeks for people to send a message via handwritten letters. Another advantage worth mentioning
is that the use of cell phones is integral in cases of emergency. For example, if the condition of an ill
person is critical, it is imperative that his family members be able to inform the hospital promptly.

In conclusion, while the growing popularity of cell phones may entail some potential drawbacks, I assert
that the benefits of people having mobile phones at their disposal are far weightier.

(265 words)

13
Topic 8: Some people believe that spending money on
developing technology for space exploration is unjustifiable
and there are more beneficial ways to spend this money. To
what extent do you agree or disagree? (TECHNOLOGY)
Exploring the universe, along with its cost and purposes, has long been a great source of controversy.
Some people argue that investments into space technology are rather wasteful, and that the budget
should be allocated to other important fields. I totally disagree with this viewpoint.

Those who advocate putting money in other areas may have overlooked the potential benefits it brings.
For a start, the development of low-orbit satellite as part of research into the universe has enabled
people to launch thousands of satellites at a relatively low cost. This means ultra-fast satellite Internet
will be omnipresent on Earth and everyone can have access to the Internet with ease. It is remarkably
more powerful and affordable than 4G/5G Internet technology even without the need to install
thousands-of-miles-long submarine cables. In this sense, the amount allotted to exploring the universe is
well-spent.

Notwithstanding the aforementioned justification, some people believe that it is wiser to spend more
money on solving contemporary issues. The key rationale behind this opinion is that the benefits of
space technology are hardly obtainable in near future. However, space research can arguably open up
new opportunities to solve pre-existing energy problems. For example, a new development called space-
based solar power can replace the depletion of fossil fuels in years to come. This allows people to
absorb all incoming solar energy without the need for solar cells and at a significantly higher conversion
rate. Human-beings will have access to an endless source of sustainable energy, which is key to lowering
the reliance on carbon-intensive energy for transport or manufacturing purposes.

In conclusion, I disagree with the school of thought that money should be allocated to other areas in lieu
of space exploration. In fact, the huge benefits that mankind can reap out of this activity make it a
worthwhile path.

(301 words)

14
Topic 9: Some people think governments should invest more
money in teaching science than other subjects in order for a
country to develop and progress. To what extent do you agree
or disagree? (EDUCATION)

Whether educational budgets should be allocated more to science subjects or other ones remains a
major source of controversy nowadays. Although I admit that science education plays an integral part in
the development of a country, I would argue that governments should put equal stress on both sides.

On the one hand, investing more money in teaching science subjects at schools brings great benefits for
a nation. That is to say, technological advancements are the result of the work of people working in
scientific fields. It is mathematicians, physicists and scientists that are using their expertise to create
great inventions such as computers, air-conditioners or refrigerators that make our life much more
comfortable. Therefore, putting more money in science education means that there will be more
workers who are equipped with excellent skills. This will speed up the process of modernization and
allow countries to prosper.

On the other hand, one should not forget the importance of arts and other subjects in life. The
construction and development of a country is decided not only by science but also the immense value
brought about by writers, artists or entertainers of all kinds. Apart from science subjects, literature
strengthens one’s cultural heritage, history deepens one’s insight into life, music soothes one’s mind
while drawing moulds one’s temperament. In these senses, these subjects still deserve financial support
as art talents are indispensable to the betterment of a nation.

In closing, it is imprudent to say that the national budget should be restricted to either teaching science
or other subjects. These two kinds of subjects are not mutually exclusive but should receive equal
attention for the sake of a country’s prosperity.

(277 words)

15
Topic 10: Leaders and directors in an organization are
normally older people. Some people think that younger
leaders would be better than old leaders. Do you agree or
disagree? (WORK)

A popular school of thought holds that top management positions should be taken by young people.
While it is true that senior ones are ideal for the role of leadership to a certain extent, I believe it would
be better for those positions to be given to young individuals.

On the one hand, empowering older ones is undeniably beneficial in some senses. First of all, these
people can make wise decisions and have more confidence to face upcoming challenges thanks to their
considerable specialized knowledge as well as practical experiences after years of working. By contrast,
it could be a difficult task for inexperienced junior employees to deal with the ever-changing world
market. Second, older people are more likely to command respect from others. This is because they
have contributed and brought success to the company for a long period of time. In other words, they
have a powerful voice and other employees tend to follow their orders.

On the other hand, I lean towards employing young people for the role of managers. The key rationale
behind this is that younger ones are those with creativity, innovation and critical thinking skills that
could be made use of. For example, Mark Zuckerberg, who is known for co-founding and leading
Facebook as its chairman, managed to make this organization the world’s most admirable technology
company at a very young age. Another point worth mentioning is that young people tend to have better
physical health and are more willing to work under high pressure than older ones. That is to say, leaders
and directors nowadays might have to face extremely heavy workloads, which could be challenging for
senior managers to accomplish due to their health-related problems.

In conclusion, albeit certain justifications behind employing older people for top positions, I believe it
will be best that those vacancies are taken by the younger generations.

(310 words)

16
Topic 11: Living in big cities is bad for health. To what extent
do you agree or disagree? (FAMILY/LIFESTYLE)
Whether or not city life is attributable to repercussions for the health of dwellers has sparked perennial
debate among people of concern. Despite some certain benefits that accompany this lifestyle choice, I
am convinced that it is an unhealthy development.

On the one hand, some have better health conditions than others partly due to their settlement in urban
areas. For a start, people have access to a wide range of fitness centers and recreational services. These
are conducive not only to improved physical wellness but also fewer mental problems. Furthermore, as
far as medical facilities are concerned, the availability of hospitals and clinics fully equipped with cutting-
edge technologies helps assure a healthier living for urban residents. This is hardly obtainable for people
living in the countryside, especially those settling in remote areas.

On the other hand, I believe life in cities is the reason behind severe physical and mental problems.
Firstly, it is important to note that pollution has become a major issue in metropolises. This ranges from
noise pollution from machines and transport system, water pollution stemming from untreated sewage
to air pollution due to manufacturing processes and so on. Respiratory, dermatology and even mental
disorders are conditions often faced by urban residents, in which pollution is on all accounts the main
culprit. Besides, the proliferation of transnational commute is giving rise to the outbreak of contagious
diseases, spread through interpersonal transmission. Take the recent Corona-virus pandemic which has
threatened the life of nearly 30 million people worldwide, as an exemplification.

In conclusion, while the advancements of the healthcare system in cities are beneficial to citizens to
some extent, I firmly believe that this way of life is also the main driver of the degraded health
conditions.

(288 words)

17
Topic 12: One of the consequences of improved medical care
is that people are now living longer and life expectancy is
increasing. Do you think the advantages of this development
outweigh the disadvantages? (FAMILY/LIFESTYLE)
It is true that advanced health care technology has led to a prolonged life expectancy. While there are
undeniable demerits relating to such development, my opinion stands firm that the concomitant
benefits are significantly greater.

On the one hand, there is no denying that human longevity might do certain disservices to society. The
key rationale behind this assertion is that as people live longer, they will have to rely on social welfares.
These range from payment through retirement funds to the construction of more nursing homes to
accommodate old people’s needs. In the long run, this will impose a heavy burden on the national
budget, which is supposed to be allotted to key areas such as education or national defense, and by
extension, put a strain on the betterment of a country.

On the other hand, the enhancement in human life expectancy is greatly beneficial in many ways. For a
start, a prolonged working life of workers is expected due to their increased life span. Working age will
no longer act as a hindrance to the elders’ devotion to the economy as it did it the past. Take the case of
Japan for example, where most passenger cab drivers and securities are senior citizens well into their
60s or 70s. In addition, this development is likely to give rise to a new service called “caregiving for
elders”. Low-skilled job-seekers are likely to benefit from this situation by landing a well-paid job with
minimal experience required.

All things considered, I strongly believe that the benefits of humans’ longer lifetime by all means
outweigh the drawbacks involved.

(265 words)

18
Topic 13: Some people work for the same organization all
their working life. Others think that it is better to do many
jobs. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. (WORK)
There are two opposing schools of thought regarding the matter of loyalty in the workplace. While some
people highly appreciate the lifetime contribution of employees to a single organization, others believe
that switching jobs periodically is a better career choice. I am more inclined to the latter opinion.

On the one hand, the long-term devotion to a company can bring certain merits to individuals. For a
start, one is more likely to gain deeper comprehensive understanding of the enterprise he is working for.
That is to say, familiarity with corporate culture and colleagues’ working style is conducive to
productivity enhancement. Another point worth mentioning is that senior workers are normally entitled
to greater benefits compared to new employees. These range from tangible rewards including pay rise,
promotion, annual leaves to intangible ones such as credentials from employers and respect from co-
workers.

On the other hand, the aforementioned benefits seem to pale in comparison with those enjoyed by job-
hoppers. Initially, changing jobs frequently forces people to learn and grow from diversity, thus attaining
diversified knowledge and experience in different fields. Well-rounded employees are, by all means,
prioritized by employers due to their wide expertise and transferrable skill set. Moreover, those who
often move between jobs tend to develop a higher level of adaptability. The fact that a worker can
integrate himself in different environments means that he is less vulnerable to the ever-changing
employment market.

All things considered, both career options benefit employees in different ways. However, I support the
latter because by switching jobs regularly, a worker would be able to create his competitive advantage
and less vulnerable to the ever-changing nature of work.

(274 words)

19
Topic 14: More and more people want to buy famous brands
of items. Is this a negative or positive development?
(FAMILY/LIFESTYLE)
Whether an item is labeled or not has become a key factor affecting people’s purchasing decision. While
the preference towards brand-name products is justifiable to some extent, my opinion stands firm that
this is a negative development.

On the one hand, there are various reasons as to why famous brands are more preferred these days.
Firstly, there is a close correlation between brand popularity and product quality. Take the case of
Vinamilk, a giant dairy producer, for example. By offering products of excellent quality and great
diversity, they have gained credentials from the majority of Vietnamese customers and by extension,
dominant market shares in this country for decades now. Furthermore, high-end items are often
associated with status symbol, which could be used to showcase the owner’s socioeconomic status. As
far as the apparel industry is concerned, while high end brands are synonymous with high class and
luxurious feelings, generic brands tend to be popular among less well-off individuals.

On the other hand, the aforementioned benefits seem to pale in comparison with the negatives
involved. For a start, this tendency is likely to give rise to market monopoly. That is to say, the market
will become saturated with very few existing manufacturers, hindering the entry of start-up companies
which might also offer high quality products at a much lower price. Another drawback worth mentioning
is that the popularity of well-known brands might act as a precursor to the so called “consumerism”, in
which people link the possession of newly-launched items to happiness. This causes them to become
greedy and jealous of others, forcing them to work more hours and depriving them of freedom in their
mind.

All things considered, while more people are gravitating towards brand-name products in lieu of generic
ones for certain benefits, I firmly believe that this tendency does more harm than good to the society.

(308 words)

20
Topic 15: Fossil fuel is the main source of energy. In some
countries, the use of alternative sources of energy is
encouraged. Is this a positive or negative development?
(ENVIRONMENT)
It is true that the combustion of fossil fuel is the culprit behind environmental degradation. Therefore,
many nations are turning toward power generated from renewable sources. Although the use of
alternative energy raises certain concerns, I strongly believe that this is a positive development.

Opponents of renewables could cite several reasons for their worries. To start with, since sustainable
energy is prohibitively expensive, it is virtually out of reach for less developed countries. This is largely
due to cutting-edge technologies as well as special procedures required for the manufacturing and
storing of this source of power. Even if it is made possible, the current output would be far from enough
to accommodate the needs of people around the world. That is to say, energy demands for production
and residential purposes are enormous and this solution seems too far-away to embrace.

Despite the aforementioned justifications, I believe this replacement brings significantly greater
benefits. First and foremost, thanks to its environmentally-friendly nature, carbon-free energy sources
should be prioritized, given the dire state of environmental pollution. For example, by switching to
electric vehicles in lieu of fuel-powered ones, residents in developed countries are contributing to a
greener living space and enjoying a healthier lifestyle. Furthermore, this type of power is created from
resources that are virtually infinite, while conventional energy sources such as charcoal and petro will
eventually become exhausted in the future. Hence, it might be the ultimate answer to the imminent
energy crisis.

All things considered, despite certain drawbacks that might be caused by the adoption of alternative
energy sources, my opinion stands firm that this development is positive, especially in the long run.

(273 words)

21
Topic 16: Modern technology has made it easier for
individuals to download copyrighted music and books from
the Internet for no charge. To what extent is this a positive or
negative development? (TECHNOLOGY)
It is true that technological advancements have facilitated the free downloads of intellectual products
including songs, movies and books. While it is advantageous to some individuals, I believe this
development is negative due to the serious damage it might cause in the long run.

Internet-users are most likely to reap benefits out of this tendency. Cost-saving is, undeniably, one of
the most inherent advantage. This holds especially true for low and middle-income groups whose
financial background is limited. There are many sources available on the Internet, and people can gain
access to a virtual wealth of know-hows and entertainment, which provides them with wide knowledge
and nurtures their mental health. For example, Apple’s iTunes charges its users a dollar for each music
track, which is too luxurious a deal for impoverished music-lovers in less developed countries.
Therefore, without uncopyrighted sources, they could never get to enjoy their favorite songs.

However, free access to intellectual products might have far-reaching repercussions. Firstly, since songs,
books and movies are the result of arduous work representing the intelligence, will and talents of
creators, providing them for free without consent is undermining their creative values and denying the
fruits of their work. In some countries, this is deemed as a serious violation of act called “copyright
infringement”, which might result in harsh punishment. In addition, the fact that websites are offering
free materials is prompting a loss in revenue. This might in turn discourage talented artists, who solely
rely on the sale of records, from making music as they become incapable of supporting themselves.

All things considered, albeit certain upsides of enjoying music, books and movies without a charge, I
believe this tendency is extremely harmful. In order to encourage artists to keep creating high quality
intellectual products, a change in audiences’ behavior is of the highest importance.

(303 words)

22
Topic 17: Some people say that the increasing business and
cultural contact between countries is a positive development,
while others think that many countries will lose their national
identity as a result. Discuss both views and give your own
opinion. (FAMILY/LIFESTYLE)
Globalization is by all means bringing countries closer in both economic and cultural settings. While
some people think this might narrow cultural distinctiveness, others highly appreciate its significant
benefits. Personally, I believe it is a positive development.

Opponents of international interaction tend to emphasize its concomitant risk of losing national identity.
The key rationale behind this school of thought is that due to cultural convergence, traditional values
such as taboos or customs might disappear to pave the way for the invasion of foreign ones. However, it
seems to be a flawed opinion since the concept of culture is not static, but rather malleable enough to
allow for periodical adaptations. To illustrate, the switch to solar new year celebration to accelerate
trading with Western countries in Japan, controversial as it was, has gained gradual acceptance and
become an integral part of its culture.

To add further credence to my assertion, the socio-economic significance of international contact is not
to be neglected. That is to say, the promotion of exports and imports might act as an economic boost
which benefits not only individuals but also the society as a whole. For instance, Vietnam has witnessed
a substantial economic growth in recent decades thanks to its embracing multilateralism. As a result,
residents are enjoying wider career choices while businesses are gaining enormous market expansion.

All things considered, I believe it is imprudent to link globalization with the potential loss of national
identity, and my opinion stands firm that this tendency is beneficial to all extent.

(252 words)

23
Topic 18: Internet technology means people do not need to
travel to foreign countries to understand how others live. To
what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
(TECHNOLOGY)
Given the proliferation of Internet technology, a growing school of thought holds that people can
acquire understandings of exotic aspects of culture around the world without transnational travel. I
strongly disagree with this statement.

Proponents of this may claim that people are only a mouse-click away from gaining profound insights
into foreign cultures. To illustrate, the availability of tourist websites and travel blogs is providing web-
users with information on how local residents in different countries are leading their lives. However, this
seems to be a flawed opinion, since online information might be outdated or biased, thus not credible
enough. For example, many Internet-users falsely assume that Vietnamese people are still struggling
against war and poverty without acknowledging their actual situation.

To add further credence to my assertion, real-life experience is essential to have a holistic view of
different lifestyles. Firstly, while online information usually emphasizes on the glamour, it tends to omit
the dark sides that exist inherently within a community. The sparse coverage of matters regarding
racism in Western or gender discrimination in Asian countries is a testament to this justification.
Moreover, regarding nations that are not open to tourism or globalization, there is not much
information that can be found on the Internet. Therefore, only by setting foot on their land and blending
in with local lifestyle will one be able to fully comprehend their traditions and customs.

All things considered, virtual travels cannot guarantee people a complete view of the living in foreign
countries. In fact, it can only be achieved through actual life experience.

(258 words)

24
Topic 19: Some people say that the experiences a child has
before starting school have the most influence on their future
life. Others say that experiences as a teenager, especially at
school, are more influential. Discuss both views and give your
opinion. (EDUCATION)
There has been heated debate over whether occurrences during preschool or adolescent years play a
more important role in shaping a child’s future. I believe that they are equally significant.

On the one hand, there are reasons to appreciate the role of preschool period. For a start, this is when
children undergo the most intensive and rapid growth in cognitive and intellectual ability. In fact, most
of the brain and personality development takes place during these formative years. Therefore, the
education that children receive, especially homeschooling, lays a solid foundation for later academic
success and a rewarding life. Another argument worth mentioning is that the early stages of child
development are a critical period for language and social skills learning. Influenced by daily interactions
with family members or caretakers, children acquire a language faster and their behaviors might also
become reinforced.

On the other hand, it is undeniable that developmental impacts of teenage years are profound. Firstly,
this stage of growth is when children begin to develop advanced cognitive skills such as rational thinking
or abstract thinking, or even a sense of morality. Thanks to these developments, a child at an adolescent
age can totally modify the negative disposition and make according changes. Secondly, the social
interaction children might encounter during this period is more diverse and complex, which helps
facilitate overall growth. For example, teenagers can benefit from collaborating with team members in a
group project or get inspiration from like-minded students. These experiences are essential for a
successful future career.

All things considered, what a child can learn before school and during teenage years is just of equal
importance. In fact, they are both key factors that help shape character traits and contribute to a child’s
prospects.

(289 words)

25
Topic 20: “Tomorrow is the most important thing in our life”.
However, some people think that the present time is more
important. How important is it for individuals and the country
to think and do something for the future? What is your own
opinion? (FAMILY/LIFESTYLE)
Whether people should put a greater emphasis on building a prosperous future or concentrating on
improving present-day conditions has sparked heated debate. I believe that it is extremely important to
make plans for the future, but the significance of living for today should not be ignored.

Planning for the future is a way to ensure the existence of a comfortable and prosperous lifestyle. On
the individual level, it might act as a facilitator for personal accomplishments. Take the case of high
school graduates, who have to acquire huge amounts of knowledge and practice on a daily basis to be
able to pass the university entrance exam, as an exemplification. In this scenario, a thorough academic
plan from high school years is essential for students to keep track of their progress and nurture
aspirations to achieve their faraway goals. On the societal level, it can help governments to deal with
pressing issues effectively. Modern global challenges such as overpopulation, energy demand or
pollution cannot be addressed overnight, and solving these problems is unequivocally future endeavors
that require long-term planning.

Nevertheless, the importance of living for the moment is by no means negligible. Even though we may
have a plan for everything, humans cannot always entirely take control of what might happen in the
future. In other words, we still have to make decisions for today disregarding the consequences.

In conclusion, while it is hard to overstate the significance of making future plans for both individuals
and nations as a whole, I believe that the present is not to be overlooked. Therefore, it would be the
best to balance between thinking ahead for tomorrow and making the most of today.

(278 words)

26
Topic 21: It is suggested that primary children should learn
how to grow vegetables and keep animals. Do the advantages
outweigh the disadvantages? (EDUCATION)
It is hard to overstate the importance of practical skills such as gardening or raising animals in the
education of a child. Therefore, some people assert that those subjects should be taught in elementary
schools. Despite certain drawbacks related to its feasibility, I believe it would bring greater benefits.

On the one hand, the disadvantages involve the struggles to implement this practice. Firstly, most inner
city schools do not have easy access to farms, let alone the lack of transports and experienced
instructors. In this sense, it would unequivocally be a poor allocation of limited resources. In addition,
the practicality of such policy, even if adopted by schools, is in doubt. They would have to connect with
possibly reluctant farms, convince teachers, parents and students of the benefits, and divert funding
towards a program with dubious 21st century value as society becomes increasingly urban and less
agrarian.

On the other hand, acquainting school children with planting trees and keeping animals is beneficial in
many ways. To begin with, those who learn to grow vegetables tend to nurture a love for plants and
trees. They are likely to grow into environmentally-conscious adults who devote themselves to
environmental protection and partially contribute to sustainable future development of society. This is a
realistic advantage, given the dire state of pollution these days. Another point worth mentioning is that
through taking care of animals, one can develop a sense of responsibility and internalize the effects of
negligence or dedication. Later in life, regardless of occupation, they will have an increased self-reliance
and a stronger recognition of how they can shape the world around them.

In conclusion, the personal benefits to growing vegetables and raising animals outweigh any perceived
drawbacks. Despite challenges to overcome, I believe the implementation of this policy would be ideal
for the development of children.

(304 words)

27
Topic 22: Some think scientists should be allowed to send
messages into space to communicate with other life forms
while others believe this is too dangerous. Discuss both views
and give your own opinion. (TECHNOLOGY)
While some people advocate the search of foreign life via transmitting pre-emptive signals to the vast
universe, others are concerned about the risks it might pose to mankind. I am inclined towards the
former opinion.

Opponents of this tend to emphasize on its fatal threat. The key rationale behind this worry is that when
two civilizations encounter one another, the superior one is likely to dominate the lesser developed via
warfare or cultural assimilation. When natural resources are involved, physical conflicts are unavoidable.
Take the expedition of Christopher Colombus to America for example. As a result of his arrival, the
American indigenous and their invaders fought brutally for control of the island. In this scenario being
discussed, the humankind is probably the natives.

Nonetheless, this action, once accomplished, could be deemed as the answer to numerous problems
confronting mankind. Firstly, the successful establishment of contacts with another intelligence might
grant human beings access to unknown sources of energy. These could be used to solve imminent
energy crises, given the rapid depletion of natural resources on earth. In addition, seeking out other life
forms could back the space expeditions aiming at finding inhabitable environments. That is to say, the
presence of creatures whose physiological structures are similar to human beings’ could validate the
existence of a compatible living space for humans, which is probably the only cure for overpopulation.

In conclusion, the attempt to get in touch with extraterrestrial beings, risky as it might be, is pragmatic
for the survival and prosperity of humankind in the long run.

(256 words)

28
Topic 23: People are living longer after they retire. What are
the problems? What can be done to solve the problems?
(FAMILY/LIFESTYLE)
It is true that humans’ life expectancy has been on the increase over the last few decades. However, this
has raised concerns about the possible drawback that might happen accordingly. This essay attempts to
shed light on the problem that this tendency can cause and suggest the most feasible solution.

Senior citizens are likely to bear the aftermath of living longer. Simply put, they will have to face the risk
of outliving their own savings. In this day and age, retirees tend to spend a significant proportion on
traveling, shopping or staying contact with family members. These activities may result in the rapid
depletion of funds, which means old people will not be able to afford life necessities, especially when
they get into their 70s or 80s and are usually faced with health issues. For example, a recent research
report by a university has pointed out that the USA is seeing an increase in the number of senior citizens
who fail to meet basic retirement needs as a result of withdrawing too much money early into their
retirement.

In order to cope with this problem, it is highly suggested that retirees should devise an effective plan to
sustain their cash flow and assets. This could be done by accounting for their monthly spending, for
example, so that they do not overspend and make according expenditure changes. Another solution
worth mentioning is making full use of opportunities to increase retirement savings. Many people are
starting to open saving accounts and deposit large amounts or investing in long-term insurance plans,
which may in turn benefit themselves in the future when they are well into old ages. For instance,
owning rental properties has become a popular activity which provides aged citizens with a steady post-
retirement extra earning.

In conclusion, while the increase in humans’ lifespan may predispose old people to financial challenges,
these individuals could apply solid strategies to address those problems effectively.

(320 words)

29
Topic 24: Some people think that it’s good for a country to
show imported foreign films and TV programs. Other people
think that countries should develop their own films and TV
programs instead. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
(FAMILY/LIFESTYLE)
Imported programs and movies are gradually becoming more prevalent among TV viewers. One school
of thought regarding this matter holds that the ubiquity of imported materials should be encouraged,
while another emphasizes on the importance of home-made contents. I personally think both are true
to certain extent.

On the one hand, the appearance of imported TV shows brings great benefit. There are a whole host of
extraordinary television productions which demystify many social issues or historical matters unfamiliar
with viewers in a country. For example, they can acquire deep insights into less common topics such as
the causes behind teenage suicide in Japan or the reasons of the World Wars. Moreover, audiences
might get the chance to immerse themselves in endless recreational television programs. These vary
from reality game shows to blockbuster movies featuring magnificent visual and sound effects, which
can help ease the stress of the working day.

On the other hand, it is also hard to overstate the importance of domestic productions. Firstly,
domestically-made programs are usually deemed more suitable for the mass audience, given its
relatable content. For example, individuals with lower educational background tend to prefer domestic
movies to international ones because the context of the storyline is similar to their real life. Another
point worth mentioning is that these programs can act as a useful channel of education. In other words,
the government could create TV shows that depict social problems particularly common to a society and
educate people about what needs to be done. The significance of illiteracy eradication in Vietnam could
be taken as a prime example for this viewpoint.

All things considered, both sides of the argument are justifiable. I believe that the coexistence of
international and domestic TV productions offers the most benefit to viewers.

(294 words)

30
Topic 25: Some people think that the detailed description of
crimes on newspapers and TV has bad consequences, so this
kind of information should be restricted in the media. To what
extent do you agree or disagree? (MEDIA)
The exposition of severe criminal commissions has gained public attention recently. Accordingly, a rising
school of thought holds that contents relating the description of crimes ought to be limited. While I
admit the negativity that this kind of news spreads, I strongly believe that it should be illustrated
honestly in the mass media.

There are evident downsides to people learning about how crimes are committed. For a start, the
elaboration involving each step in preparation and implementation of crimes may act as a guidebook for
potential criminals, which might give rise to similar cases in which followers could even adopt improved
complicated skills and processes to wipe out evidence. Secondly, people could bring themselves into the
horrifying scenarios which are extremely cruel and inhumane. This is likely to trigger panic amongst
citizens, while victims and family may suffer once again if exposed to such detailed representation,
intentionally or unintentionally.

Notwithstanding, I assert that this news should be broadcast widely. The key rationale behind this belief
is the educational value it brings. People can learn about how criminals act and the terrible
consequences of committing wrongdoings, which would ideally help individuals to take precautions and
act as a deterrent to potential offenders. In addition, exposing the nature of crimes could provoke
rampage in people, which inevitably presses the court and the judge to pronounce heavy sentences to
suspects. In this way, criminals will have to receive the adequate punishment in the interest of justice.

All things considered, I insist that the description of crimes in details is essential in this modern and
civilized society despite any perceived negativity that it might cause.

(271 words)

31
Topic 26: People are living longer after they retire. What are
the problems associated with this? What can be done to solve
it? (FAMILY/LIFESTYLE)
Increased life expectancy means people are living longer after retirement. This essay attempts to point
out the financial challenge associated with this trend and propose some viable solutions to help people
cope with it effectively.

One of the major problems senior citizens are faced with after they retire is outliving their savings.
Evidence suggests that old people tend to spend excessive portions of their saving on traveling,
shopping and staying in contact with their relatives during the first two decades after they stop working.
This usually results in the depletion of funds by the time they reach their 80s, when these retirees settle
down and are more prone to health problems. A recent research report by an American university
concludes that there is a current surge in the number of senior citizens falling to meet basic retirement
needs in this country.

In order to address this issue, elderly people should adopt the following measures. First and foremost,
each and every individual must devise a personal plan to sustain cash flow and assets. By accounting for
spending pre-retirement, retirees could be able to adjust their expenditure accordingly, thus meeting
long-term goals without using up their savings. Another solution is to identify and grasp every
opportunity to make extra post-retirement income. This could be done by investing in annuity or rental
properties, which allow old people to have a steady and positive source of income.

In conclusion, retired citizens are likely to suffer from a certain financial problem due to their longer
lifespan, but they can address it by preparing a sound post-retirement plan and investing money wisely.

(266 words)

32
Topic 27: In some countries, only a few young people go to
classical music concerts or plays and performances in theater.
Why? Should young people be encouraged to attend more
classical music plays and performances? (FAMILY/LIFESTYLE)
It is true that fewer young people are going to classical music events or theater plays these days. While
this tendency may be driven by certain factors, I believe the younger generations should attend such
performances more often.

There are two major reasons as to why young people’s interest in these types of art is on the decline.
Firstly, it is the misperception that classical music and plays are an elitist art form. This is largely due to
the young’s inability to enjoy, say, long-hour pieces of classical music. Bored and tired of the seemingly
monotonous non-lyrical symphonies, they are convinced that they are not the target audience and try to
avoid it accordingly. In addition, the indifference might have been further exacerbated by the rise of
other modern entertainment forms. For example, the majority of young listeners are being drawn
toward electronic music, a recently-emerging genre that is highly catchy and uplifting.

I am convinced that young audiences should take more heed of the classics for several benefits. On the
individual level, an early exposure to classical music and plays may help improve a child’s brain functions
and unlock hidden art potentials, especially during formative years. For adolescents, they may enjoy the
soothing effects of the music, which is effective in easing the tension of the daily grind. On the societal
level, attending concerts is a way to preserve and uphold a valuable intangible cultural heritage.
Immersed in and astonished by sublime musical and drama work, young people might learn to cherish
the value of creativity and dedication required to create such masterpieces.

In conclusion, I assert that the unobtainable nature of the classics and the growth of modern
recreational activities are driving classical music and plays less fascinating. However, these legacies
should be appreciated more by young people because of their positive effects on personal development
and mental health, as well as the immense intrinsic value they bring.

(320 words)

33
Topic 28: Many museums and historical sites are mainly
visited by tourists but not local people. Why is this the case?
What can be done to attract more local people to these
places? (FAMILY/LIFESTYLE)
It is true that museums and historical locations generally draw the attention of foreign visitors, while
being largely ignored by locals. This trend is driven by several factors, and some feasible solutions can be
implemented to boost local people’s attendance at historical attractions.

There are two major reasons as to the waning popularity of museums and historical places among local
people. Firstly, as these destinations mainly impart an overview of traditions and history in the locality,
they often attract tourists who are curious about an alien culture, not local residents without any further
need to familiarize themselves with such values. Secondly, the lack of appeal of museums and historical
attractions is also to blame. While monuments remain unchanged over the years, museums tend to have
a poor collection of exhibits and lack trained guides, which is directly caused by a meager budget for
operation.

In order to address the aforementioned issue, the government is to administer the following measures.
Initially, it is crucial that museums and heritage sites receive more media coverage. This could be done
by organizing more public events at these sites and intensifying the broadcast of their occurrence on the
mass media to encourage more locals to attend. Another viable solution is to divert more funding to
museums and historical sites. This financial support could be used to finance the purchase of new
exhibits or the refurbishment of worn-out monuments, thereby boosting the appeal of such places.

In conclusion, the poor attendance rate of local visitors at museums and historical attractions may stem
from various underlying factors, and the proposed measures can be executed to reverse the trend.

(271 words)

34
Topic 29: Scientists predict in the near future, cars will be
driven by computers, not people. Why? Is it a positive or
negative development? (TECHNOLOGY)
Scientists are showing confidence in the future of driverless cars. This essay attempts to shed light on
the factors behind the potential emergence of unmanned automobiles and the positive values this
development may offer.

There are several compelling reasons for people to believe that automated cars will become a reality
soon. First and foremost, given mankind’s relentless pursuit of convenience in life, autonomous cars
seem like a natural progression. This is even emboldened by momentous technological leaps in recent
decades. For example, initial success of Tesla, Toyota and other powerhouses in trialing autopilot
feature has proved that the prospect of self-driving vehicles being released and dominating highways
would soon no longer science fantasy.

I am totally convinced that the appearance of auto-driving cars could bring plain and enormous benefits
to individuals and the whole economy. Firstly, evidence suggests that the vast majority of traffic
accidents are the result of human error. Therefore, relegating humans to passenger status will eliminate
reckless behaviors such as driving while intoxicated, road rage or speeding, meaning lower rates of road
accidents and more lives saved. Increased road safety aside, self-driving car industry could be a game
changer that boosts economic growth. That is to say, it can help cut down operating costs including
salary, training and liability insurance associated with human drivers.

In conclusion, human natural desire and fast-paced technological advancements are the key driving
forces for the advent of auto-driving cars, and I believe that such vehicles coming into effect would
contribute largely to road safety and economic growth.

(255 words)

35
Topic 30: Some people think that watching TV is bad for
children, while others think that watching TV has more
beneficial effects on children. Discuss both views and give
your opinion. (EDUCATION)
Whether watching TV is positive or negative for children’s development remains a major source of
controversy. While there are undeniable advantages that TV can offer, I would argue that the drawbacks
involved outweigh any perceived benefits to this activity.

On the one hand, being exposed to television is beneficial for a child to certain extent. Firstly, it is true
that young audience can choose from a wide range of channels and programs, which provide vast
knowledge about life and science, both for entertaining and educational purposes. By opting for suitable
contents and immersing in such programs, a child may become more knowledgeable in different fields
and thus, more well-rounded. Another point worth mentioning is that TV shows often feature colorful
high-resolution graphics which are more appealing than textbooks. Fascinated and intrigued by this way
of learning, children could absorb and memorize knowledge with ease.

On the other hand, convincing arguments can be made that watching TV is rather negative due to its
detrimental effects on the overall development of children. Sitting in front of the screen, young children
can only see the visualization already given and predefined by content creators. They might become
lazier to conceptualize new information and their creativity is also curbed. That aside, as languages used
in some programs are informal, straightforward or even inappropriate, not much can be developed
linguistically for young viewers. Last but not least, a prolonged exposure to TV can cause children to
become addicted and cost them overwhelmingly great amounts of time, which would probably be more
useful if spent on studying or engaging in sports.

In conclusion, albeit remarkable educational values of watching TV, my opinion stands firm that this
activity is negative for children’s overall growth.

(286 words)

36
Topic 31: Some people say that protecting the environment is
the government’s responsibility. Others believe that every
individual should be responsible for it. Discuss both views and
give your opinion. (ENVIRONMENT)
As the impacts of issues such as global warming and water contamination have become apparent in
recent decades, environmental protection has risen as one of humankind’s chief objective. However,
opinions divide over whether this responsibility rests on state officials or ordinary citizens. This essay
attempts to shed light on why I believe both parties should be held accountable.

On the one hand, reversing the damage caused to the planet seems to be impossible without
government intervention. Firstly, most ongoing environmental problems on earth stem from energy
production and consumption. These activities can be regulated with legislation, a very powerful tool that
is in the hands of policy makers. Furthermore, the funds they have at their disposal and the ability to
mobilize resources render governments indispensable in combating environmental issues. For example,
money from tax payers can be ploughed back into research aiming to make green technology more
commonplace and affordable.

On the other hand, it would be imprudent to underestimate the integral role of ordinary people in the
aforementioned endeavor. By opting for sustainable lifestyle choices, they can already make huge
differences. For instance, patronizing stores that adopt sustainable businesses practices and boycotting
those who are reluctant to reduce waste are very practical steps to push for a greener future. Likewise,
the electorate can use their vote to make an impact. That is to say, more attention will be paid to
environmental protection if people choose to empower officials that are deeply concerned about the
dire state of pollution and are committed to changing the status quo.

All in all, environmental conservation is a colossal responsibility that should be borne by both the state
and the people.

(277 words)

37
Topic 32: Some people think the government should spend
more money on public services rather than waste money on
arts (i.e. music and painting). To what extent do you agree or
disagree? (FAMILY/LIFESTYLE)
Given serious budget deficits in many countries around the world, what the government should and
should not spend on is being heatedly debate. A rising school of thought regarding this matter holds that
public services should be prioritized, and that expenditure on arts is wasteful. This essay attempts to
explain why I disagree with this statement.

Financing and subsidizing services that are used on a daily basis is unarguably vital. For instance,
spending money on the school system will render education more accessible to ordinary people. This
not only predisposes children to gain later academic success but also helps warding off social issues such
as crime or unemployment. Likewise, ploughing tax back to the public transport network will encourage
citizens to forego personal vehicles, which is an important step to alleviate traffic congestion and
environmental pollution. In these senses, areas like music or arts seem too trivial for pouring money
into.

With that being said, it would be imprudent to downplay the dividends of investments in artistic fields.
For one, the economic contribution of arts is colossal and growing. In many countries, songs, movies and
art exhibits generate enormous sums which amount to billions of dollars annually. At the same time,
they create huge demand for derivative products such as fan merchandise or theme parks, businesses
that are no less profitable than the intellectual properties that inspire them. Financial gains aside, arts
should receive government funding for its cultural significance. Since the dawn of civilization, the
important narratives of each period have been richly portrayed through various forms of art including
painting, music or literature. Therefore, investing in these areas is a practical way to preserve cultural
identity and heritage.

All things considered, it is undeniable that funding should be diverted to public services, but I believe art
also deserves the government’s attention and resources.

(305 words)

38
Topic 33: Nowadays, there is a trend that reports of media
focus on problems and emergencies rather than positive
development. Some people think it is harmful to individuals
and to society. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
(MEDIA)
As media platforms proliferate, many of the ongoing pressing issues over the world are gaining a great
deal of publicity. Although I agree that the coverage of bad news on the media can cause certain harm, I
believe that it also offer great benefits to society.

It is true that spreading negative news has several harmful effects. On the individual level, this will
definitely take a toll on our mental health. That is to say, learning more about negative things that go on
such as the dire state of pollution or gloomy economic outlooks makes people even more stressed out
and pessimistic, which in serious cases could lead to depression. On the societal level, when people are
bombarded with a barrage of news about dysfunctional things happening around them, they would start
holding a grim view about the prospect of the nation and want to move elsewhere. In the same way,
companies would not want to expand their business in such a place, which results in economic loss.

With that being said, it is imprudent to ignore the remarkable benefits of exposing people to bad news.
Firstly, broadcasting news about crimes is a way to give people clear details about how wrongdoings are
committed and the terrible consequences involved, thereby educating them to take necessary
precautions and deterring them from breaking the law. In addition, media coverage can help spreading
news about natural disasters or tragedies and trigger instant support. This has proved particularly
effective when it comes to emergencies such as flooding or tsunamis, in which the government and
society were kept updated with the ongoing events and managed to provide aid in time.

In conclusion, while I accept that the reporting of problems and dangers is truly harmful to some extent,
I would argue that the advantages to this activity should not be understated.

(306 words)

39
Topic 34: Advertising is becoming more and more common in
everyday life. Is it positive or negative development? (MEDIA)
The omnipresence of advertising on the mass media has sparked heated debate recently. This essay
attempts to explain why this is a totally negative development for the society.

First of all, advertising appearing with increasing frequency on a daily basis is a nuisance. That is to say,
advertisements these days tend to permeate virtually everything we watch, read or listen to. Youtube
videos are intermittently interrupted by promotions, TV shows are frequently hijacked by commercial
breaks while newspapers and magazines are pervaded by advertorial spreads. In other words, it seems
impossible to enjoy ad-free content on the media in this day and age.

Inconveniences caused aside, this contemporary trend can bring about profoundly negative impacts. For
one, it sabotages the integrity of media content. Many of the so-called articles on news outlets are
deliberately engineered to get naïve readers to buy something instead of informing them anything
substantive, which raises questions about the validity of information that reaches us every day. On a
grander scale, the ubiquity of advertising may give rise to consumerism, spawning a throw-away society.
Routinely bombarded with advertisements, one will easily get the constant urge to buy something even
if there is no real need for them. This in turn triggers mass production that exceeds society’s needs,
resulting in huge wastage.

In conclusion, the growing popularity of advertising has numerous detrimental effects on both
individuals and community. Therefore, it is imperative that stringent regulations regarding where and
when a company can advertise be introduced in order to alleviate these problems.

(254 words)

40
Topic 35: Nowadays, young people are admiring media and
sports stars, even though they do not set a good example. Do
you think this is a positive or negative development?
(FAMILY/LIFESTYLE)
Given the proliferation of social media network, the entertainment industry has prospered. As a result,
more and more celebrities are being admired by the young generation even though they often
misbehave and convey wrong messages to their fans. This essay attempts to explain why this tendency is
actually beneficial.

Opponents tend to emphasize the misleading effects that are caused to the youth if the well-known set
bad examples. Simply put, idols’ appeal can be amplified easily due to lack of judgement, leading to
misbehaviors in adolescents such as indiscipline or drug-taking. However, this opinion seems
unjustifiable. Firstly, idols are human-beings who also make mistakes and should not be held
accountable for being a role model all the time. Furthermore, if adequate parenting and schooling are
guaranteed, very few adolescents would step off the right track as they are aware of the severe
consequences of misconduct.

To add further credence to my assertion, there is no denying that idols can empower ordinary people in
different aspects. Take world-class athletes for example. They are the ones who are talented and
industrious who managed to reach the top of their fields. Impressed and mesmerized by their
performances, young people can learn the lesson that fame and fortune can be acquired by diligence
and try to build up strong bodies during the growth. Regarding media stars, these are the ones who
bring amusement and beauty to young audiences. They can lift people’s moods and help release stress
from the daily grind.

In conclusion, it is imprudent to say that young people’s admiration for super stars is negative. In fact,
the young generation can reap huge benefits by idolizing famous people selectively.

(277 words)

41
Topic 36: Some people think that hosting international sports
events is good for the country, while some people think it is
bad. Discuss both views and state your opinion.
(FAMILY/LIFESTYLE)
It is true that a great many countries are competing fiercely for holding large international sports events
such as the Olympic or the World Cup. However, opinions divide on whether or not this is beneficial for
a country’s development. This essay attempts to shed light on both arguments and express my personal
viewpoint.

On the bright side, hosting worldwide competitions is advantageous in numerous ways. For one, a
country may receive huge economic benefits, coming from lucrative sponsorship from large
multinational corporations for their branding and sales of the franchise or increasing numbers of local
job opportunities. This money could be ploughed back into the maintenance or construction of sporting
facilities, thus offering athletes better training conditions. Secondly, organizing great events is a
government’s tool to promote a country’s image on the international stage. National heritage such as
beautiful tourist attractions, fascinating traditions or exotic cuisine can be introduced to the mass
audience in this way.

With that being said, there are also glaring drawbacks to hosting great sporting events. Firstly, the huge
influx of people to public places may lead to misdemeanors. These could range from pickpocketing,
shoplifting to vandalism, which may cause inconveniences to local people. Secondly, if a country is not
financially sufficient, it may encounter severe economic risks. Take Greece, the host of the 2004 Summer
Olympics, for exemplification. The Greek government attempted to loan huge amounts of money to
qualify for becoming the host country, and suffered from serious budget deficit for years afterwards due
to a lack of income earned out of the competition.

In conclusion, hosting cross-border sports competitions can have both positive and negative to a
country’s development. In fact, in order to reap benefits from organizing such events, a government
should make thorough consideration in advance.

(295 words)

42
Topic 37: People are wearing western-style clothes rather
than traditional clothes. Why? Is it a negative or positive
development? (FAMILY/LIFESTYLE)
More wardrobes are being filled with western clothing in this day and age. This trend derives from
certain reasons, and I believe it can exert negative impacts on society.

There are two factors as to why western clothes are being preferred. For one, given the proliferation of
the Internet, people tend to be exposed to and addicted to movies and series conveying the western
lifestyle including wearing and spread in the global context. Immersed in and influenced by such visuals,
many people, especially younger generations, are patronizing foreign fashion brands in lieu of domestic
ones. Another reason worth mentioning is that western clothing seems more comfortable. The imported
clothes are surely convenient for both formal occasions on which people share similar values and
appreciations, and casual ones where ordinary consumers can relax by wearing simple shirts and jeans.

The popularity of western attire, however, may take its toll in two ways. First and foremost, traditional
clothing and costumes, a significant part of local culture, have been ignored and may eventually perish
without desired protection. This can be considered a cultural loss, which may further weaken the
attraction of tourism as well as dim the cultural identity among its people. Second, lowered demand for
traditional clothes means reduced manufacturing in this field. The soon-to-be disappearance of
traditional costumes producers may trigger mass unemployment, leading to huge economic loss.

In conclusion, the preference towards western-style garments is down to people’s increased media
consumption and its convenience, and I reckon it will pose considerable threats to the well-being of a
country, both culturally and financially.

(262 words)

43
Topic 38: In some countries, more and more adults are
continuing to live with their parents even after they have
completed education and found jobs. Do the advantages
outweigh the disadvantages? (FAMILY/LIFESTYLE)
It is true that more mature people are living under the same roof with their parents even though they
have graduated and are able to support themselves. From my perspective, the benefits to this tendency
far outweigh any perceived drawbacks.

There are certain disservices that might happen if adults choose not to move out. For one, they may
become over-dependent on their parents for basic minor tasks such as cooking or doing the laundry. As
a result, they may take parents’ support for granted and even foster a sense of depreciation. In addition,
when grown-ups live under one roof, unnecessary conflicts might take place. As their perception of, for
example, child upbringing or maintaining relationships with neighbors can differ greatly due to
generation gap, there will be disagreements, which may turn into disconnection and discord in the long
run.

However, it is hard to downplay the enormous advantages to adults sharing home with elders. First of
all, it is financially beneficial, especially for adults who have a meager income from entry-level jobs.
When people live together, renting fees, electricity and water bills are shared, and thus financial
burdens are lessened. Furthermore, when settling down at the same place, mature people can take
good care of their parents who might be prone to geriatric diseases such as dementia. This is of great
importance in Asian cultures, in which children are morally obligated to stay by parents’ side to express
their love and return the favor to the ones who gave birth to them.

All in all, despite the possible inconveniences that might occur, I am totally convinced that the
advantages of adults living with parents are significantly greater, and that this tendency should be
encouraged in today’s life.

(287 words)

44
Topic 39: Some people think students should study the science
of food and how to prepare it. Others think students should
spend time on important subjects. Discuss both views and
give your opinion. (FAMILY/LIFESTYLE)
Food science is a comparatively new and growing discipline whose necessity within educational
programs is still in doubt. While many people insist on students studying it as part of formal schooling,
others tend to emphasize on the importance of crucial academic subjects. I am inclined towards the
former opinion.

Opponents tend to point out to the fact that the introduction of such a discipline may be a further
burden for school pupils. This is because they already have to learn a great number of different subjects,
and thus time should be spent on primary ones and social sciences. In this way, they can be able to have
timely preparation for their forthcoming university entrance exam. Another point worth-mentioning is
that students at these ages might not be well-prepared to take this course. That is to say, nutrition and
biological chemistry of foods are simply beyond their comprehension, thereby making it a total waste of
time.

That being said, it would be imprudent to underestimate the significance of food science in a child’s
education. First and foremost, knowledge of this subject involves comprehensive understanding of
chemistry, nutrition, microbiology and engineering to solve real problems associated with the food
system. This would give pupils the opportunity to immerse in different academic areas, and their
interest may be rekindled while their foundation of discipline strengthened, allowing them to opt for the
most suitable major upon university entry. In addition, the basis of food science lies in the insight into
chemistry of food components such as proteins, carbohydrates and fats and the reactions involved
during processing and storage. By learning to prepare refined quality foods, students may be nudged
towards wholesome food choices and lead a healthy lifestyle, knowing serious harmful effects of ready-
to-eat food.

All things considered, albeit certain arguments against the addition of food science into schools’
curriculum, I am strongly convinced that this subject will benefit students and should be further
encouraged.

(321 words)

45
Topic 40: Some people believe that students should spend a
lot of time on studying while others think that other activities
are also essential. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
(EDUCATION)

There has been heated debate over which area school children should focus on. While some people
emphasize on the necessity of academic subjects, others think extra-curricular activities should receive
more attention. This essay attempts to shed light on why both sides should be encouraged.

It is hard to overstate the effects of studying on a child’s growth. For a start, formal schooling provides
pupils with vast knowledge of life and science. Insights into fields such as mathematics, literature,
physics or chemistry are conducive to later academic success as students join the workforce, and by
extension, a rewarding life. Individual benefit aside, this may have far-reaching implications for social
development in overall. That is to say, it is mathematicians, physicists and scientists who are using their
expertise to create inventions and make life more comfortable. Given humans’ relentless pursuit of
convenience, predisposing students to learn primary disciplines would help create more white-collar
workers, contributing to an increased living standard.

That being said, the impacts of activities after school hours are profound. Teenage years are critical for
social skills learning. By partaking in extra-curricular activities with friends and family, students can
acquire numerous essential soft skills such as cooking or gardening, which cannot be taught through
textbook. These skills might prove especially useful when they become adults or start a family later on.
Moreover, being put out of comfort zone can help facilitate students’ overall growth. Collaborating with
peers in a team project or having conversation with like-minded people, for example, teach students at
an adolescent age to modify negative disposition and make according changes in life.

All in all, students can reap huge benefits out of academic study and extra-curricular activities.
Therefore, parents and schools should make sure both are offered to children, making them more well-
rounded individuals.

(297 words)

46
Topic 41: The spread of multinational companies and the
resulting increase of globalization produce positive effects for
everyone. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (WORK)
Turning to the 21st century, a great number of companies are expanding their business by operating
internationally. A rising opinion regarding this matter holds that it is exerting postive impacts on the
society as a whole. I strongly disagree with this viewpoint.

There seems to be compelling reasons as to why the prosperity of multinational companies is

considered beneficial to all. For one, this provides workers with wider career choices and more job
opportunities. For instance, the expansion of powerhouses such as Apple or Samsung on a global scales
involves outsourcing and prioritizing local workers for cost efficiency, thereby creating hundreds of
thousands of jobs and contributing to economic growth. Moreover, consumers may reap huge benefit,
having equal access to high-quality products from all over the world. This may lead to higher living
standard and a great sense of fulfilment, given human’s relentless pursuit of conveniences in life.

However, those who focus on the positive sides of globalization tend to be oblivious to far-reaching
repercussions this might cause. First of all, the invasion of international brands may oust local
manufacturers from the market, especially in developing countries, which puts a strain on domestic
industries and hindering the entry of newcomers. Another point worth-mentioning is that consumers
are likely to be nudged towards a standardized, convenient lifestyle and ignore their own traditions and
customs. The disinclination to traditional foods in favor of ready-to-eat meals which is commonplace in
many countries can be taken as a prime example. This could be deemed as a cultural loss, jeopardizing
national identity and cultural diversity in the world.

All in all, my opinion stands firm that the benefits of a globalized economy dominated by multinational
companies do not apply to every individual.

(287 words)

47
Topic 42: More and more plastic waste is polluting the world’s
city, countryside and ocean. What problems will it cause?
What measures should be taken to solve these problems?
(ENVIRONMENT)
Given the ubiquity of plastic products in every corner of the world these days, environmental concerns
are on the increase. In my opinion, the use of plastic may put the ecosystem and living creatures in
jeopardy, and people should start recycling and switching to more environmentally-friendly choices to
combat the problem effectively.

There are two major repercussions resulted from the use of plastic products in daily life. First and
foremost, as these kinds of product are non-decomposable, they keep loading landfill sites for hundreds
of years which prompts severe land pollution. This problem is even exacerbated by humans’ relentless
littering of garbage, and mankind would be buried by discarded plastic items in the foreseeable future.
Others argue that this problem can be avoided by dumping waste in oceans; however, this activity can
pose serious threats to the well-being of animals. That is to say, the past decades have witnessed many
sea animals dying of eating plastic materials by mistake, which are indigestible.

Two main solutions should be taken to mitigate the aftermaths of plastic pollution. The first one
emphasizes on the encouragement of recycling items: shopping malls can offer green credits as an
incentive to customers who choose to reuse their old plastic bags. As a result, people may be nudged
towards recycling as a means to save and benefit themselves. Another option is to opt for eco-friendly
materials to replace the production of plastic. For example, outlets can use fabric or paper as packaging
while buyers should patronize such shops and boycott those who are reluctant to move away from non-
disposable plastic containers.

From what has been discussed above, it is my conclusion that plastic pollution will jeopardize our
ecosystem and become a lethal threat to marine life in the planet, but we can alleviate the negative
impacts by supporting recycling and replacing plastic with eco-friendly materials.

(308 words)

48
Topic 43: Some people believe that children should do
organized activities in their free time while others believe that
children should be free to do what they want to do in their
free time. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
(EDUCATION)
Along with societal progress and technological advancements in recent decades, children are exposed to
countless extracurricular activities rather than homework after school hours. However, opinions divide
over whether they should spend their free time at their own discretion or doing organized activities. I
personally support the latter.

Many people claim that children should be free to follow their personal interests. The key rationale
behind this idea is that they may feel forced and uncomfortable having to do things against their will.
However, evidence suggests that most children are wasting their free time playing video games and
watching TV, as they seem more effortless and satisfying than playing sports or hanging out with friends.
In fact, apart from the instant gratification that these activities provide, not much can be developed
physically and academically for a child’s growth, making it an unworthy choice.

By contrast, children can actually reap significantly greater benefits doing organized activities. First and
foremost, by immersing in and being influenced by the communication and interaction with surrounding
peers during these experiences, children are encouraged to step out of their comfort zone and become
more sociable and active. For example, it is scientifically proved that young children playing team sports
on a regular basis are less prone to depression and obesity than others. Moreover, through these
activities, children can acquire essential skills such as self-orientation, rational and abstract thinking
skills, or teamwork skills, which are vital for later academic success and a rewarding life.

From what has been discussed above, my opinion is that it is rather inconsiderate to grant children the
liberty of deciding what to do in their spare time, and that planning free time activities should be in the
hands of adults.

(286 words)

49
Topic 44: Some people feel that young people should follow
the traditions of their society. Others, however, believe that
young people should be free to behave as individuals. Discuss
both views and give your own opinion. (FAMILY/LIFESTYLE)
Along with societal progress that has taken place rapidly over the last few decades, people’s lifestyles
are also far different from how they were in the past. However, this has sparked heated debate over
whether the young should follow traditions or choose to live their own way. Personally, I am inclined
toward the latter opinion.

Advocates of the traditional way of life tend to emphasize on its cultural significance. Accordingly,
following in forefathers’ footsteps is essential to help preserve and uphold the values within a
community, as well as showing a sense of appreciation toward ancestors’ past efforts. However, it
seems to be a flawed justification since some traditions are rather obsolete and not worth preserving.
For instance, it is a norm in certain ethnic minorities in Vietnam that young couples are encouraged to
start a family and give birth from teenage years despite their lack of parenting skills and the inability to
provide for themselves. This only aggravates existing social problems such as poverty or illiteracy.

In fact, the younger generation should take the liberty of making its own decision for two reasons. First
of all, they are adults whose cognition has been fully developed and are mature enough to make the
judgement of whether a custom is to be followed or not. In other words, each and every individual
should be the one to either enjoy the fruits of their selection or suffer its repercussions. Furthermore, it
is the undeniable right of every human-being to pursue happiness. Therefore, choosing to walk one’s
own path should not be seen as disregarding old traditions, but rather a sign of bravery and self-respect.

From what has been discussed above, my stance holds firm that young people should not always
commit themselves to what is socially accepted, but should consider their personal situation thoroughly
and take the freedom to act individually.

(309 words)

50
Topic 45: Many countries import large amounts of food from
other parts of the world. Is this a positive or negative
development? (FAMILY/LIFESTYLE)
Globalization is happening at an extremely fast pace and in many countries, huge quantities of food are
being imported from other places. This essay attempts to shed light on why this contemporary trend is
rather beneficial.

I acknowledge that there are certain disadvantages to importing foods from other countries. For a start,
the local industry might be impaired as traditional cuisine is neglected in favor of foreign replacements.
For example, despite being considered as rich and varied, Vietnamese cuisine is being neglected by
many young inhabitants due to the introduction of Western fast-food chains. This could be considered
as a serious cultural and economic loss. In addition, since alien foods are usually transported by planes
or ships which are powered by fossil fuels, the problem of pollution might be exacerbated.

However, the aforementioned drawbacks seem to pale in comparison with huge benefits that are
resulted from this activity. Predisposed to a wide range of categories of vegetables, fruits and dairy
products available in abundance, children in their formative years are to enjoy a better nutritional
structure and individuals’ well-being will also be improved as a whole. Furthermore, if foreign
replacements are introduced to the market, the harsh competition is likely to drive merchants in a
positive way. In other words, it will compel local food manufacturers and distributors to improve the
quality of their products so that people are entitled to better food choices.

From what has been discussed above, I admit that the importation of exotic foods may undermine the
value of traditional cuisine and aggravate environmental problems, but the significant upsides including
the improvement in both diversity and quality of foods still make it a worthwhile choice.

(279 words)

51
Topic 46: Some universities offer online courses for students.
Do you think this is a positive or negative development for
students? (EDUCATION)
The proliferation of distance learning has become a major source of controversy in recent years. In fact,
many universities are providing tertiary education via different forms of Internet-based courses. This
essay will give reasons as to why this contemporary tendency is positive.

On the one hand, there are certain drawbacks as lectures are given online. For a start, students can
easily be distracted by external factors ranging from bad Internet connection to pop-up notifications
from other applications. These may act as a hindrance which might disrupt the study continuity and
lower the quality of lessons, things that would not happen in a conventional classroom setting. Another
downside worth-mentioning is that online courses are unequivocally unsuitable for subjects that require
practical hands-on experience such as chemistry, physics or biology. It is simply due to the fact that
many laboratory-based exercises required in such disciplines cannot be fulfilled online.

On the other hand, the aforementioned disadvantages seem to pale in comparison with the huge
benefits of studying online. First and foremost, this way of learning is incredibly convenient in terms of
geographical factors and school hours. Only equipped with an Internet-connected mobile device, even
students living in remote areas or those with hectic working schedules can pursue formal schooling. In
addition, online courses are relatively cost-saving as they save learners from the money needed to travel
or relocate in a different place. Evidence suggests that a large number of economically-deprived
students from developing countries managed to continue their quest for knowledge via online programs
given by world-renowned educational institutions located in well-developed nations. This would be
quite unreachable if it had not been for the emergence of Internet-based learning.

In conclusion, I admit that there exist certain negative aspects to studying online, but the significant
advantages such as flexibility and economic benefits still make it a worthwhile option.

(306 words)

52
Topic 47: Some schools have restricted the use of mobile
phones. Is this a positive or negative development?
(EDUCATION)
In most schools around the world, students possess their own mobile phone. However, a number of
schools have chosen to restrict their use on campus. From my perspective, this is a positive way that
benefit students both academically and physically.

Restricting mobile phone use can improve the process of learning. That is to say, there will be fewer
attractions that interfere in the lecture and students can have full focus on the knowledge that is
imparted by teachers. In fact, evidence suggests that the vast majority of students who own a cell phone
themselves have a much shorter attention span, because when they have their phone in their lap or
pocket, there is an irresistible urge to check constantly for texts, alerts or social media update. These
endless attractions draw attention away from important educational matters and exert negative long-
term effects on academic progress. Therefore, a blanket ban on phone use during school hours is
obviously justifiable.

In addition, banning phones in classroom is an effective solution to help improve students’ well-being.
Indeed, if phones are banned at lunchtime or recess, children are forced to engage in interaction with
their classmates. They may play games, sports or simply sit and chat together, which are more
meaningful and active than sitting alone hunched over a screen. Without limitations enforced by the
school, children simply cannot draw the line on their phone use. These physical benefits are only
possible with strict mobile rules.

In conclusion, despite the essential role of mobile phones in our life, I would argue that a phone use
restriction in schools is necessary as it will allow students to learn better and promote their physical
health.

(279 words)

53
Topic 48: More people put their personal information online
(address, telephone number, etc.) for everyday activities such
as socializing on social networks or banking purposes. Do you
think this is a positive or negative development?
(TECHNOLOGY)
Given the proliferation of Internet-based platforms in recent years, more and more people are leaving
their personal footprints online. This essay will give reasons as to why I believe this is an absolutely
negative development.

Many people choose to give away their personal data in return for security. They claim that as their
information is collected on websites and mobile applications, their identity can be verified, thus
preventing any possible crimes to be committed. However, this seems to ignore the fact that not all
online platforms can be fully trusted: take Facebook for an example. This giant social network platform
was accused of selling users’ personal data to third parties and turning an enormous profit illegally. In
this sense, people’s privacy can be seriously violated should their information fall into the wrong hands.

To add further credence to my assertion, individuals who opt to put real personal information online are
always exposed to the risk of identity theft. This happens as hackers manage to gain access to the
information and make use of it for bad purposes. Evidence suggests that a total of 16.7 million people
worldwide experienced this kind of cyber-crime in 2017, in which the vast majority of thieves attempted
to impersonate account owners to deceive their friends or log in their bank account to make illegal
money withdrawals. Therefore, not only privacy but also one’s personal reputation and property might
be at serious risk.

From what has been discussed above, I am totally convinced that revealing personal information on the
Internet can take a heavy toll on web users in many ways. Therefore, people should be aware of the
possible consequences of such action and be selective over which platforms to trust for their own safety.

(289 words)

54
Topic 49: Music has always been and will continue to be a
universal language of mankind. To what extent do you agree
or disagree? (FAMILY/LIFESTYLE)
Throughout the progress of human civilization, music has had and will have an irreplaceable social role
albeit its diversity in genres and cultural preferences. I totally agree with this statement.

For a start, music has always been seen as a global form of expression since the dawn of humanity. This
is proved by the fact that people have utilized music to transmit information without any verbal
description in all parts of the world. For instance, whereas fast beats, which are usually associated with
feelings of excitement or passion, are used in thrilling movie scenes or celebrations as a mood booster,
slow beats with soothing melodies are an ideal choice to calm listeners or associate depression. In other
words, music has been an excellent way to express emotions and convey a particular message.

Furthermore, it is widely acknowledged that music, as a primitive form of art, functions as an ethnic
norm connecting social members. Despite the difference in individual perception of the beauty of art,
musical performances of diverse genres never stop to appear in many ancient rituals and modern
festivals. Take revolutionary music for a prime example. Composed during periods of wars, these songs
aim to honor the sacrifice of forefathers to protect a country’s sovereignty, which in turn promote
national citizens’ sense of unity and raise soldiers’ fighting spirit. Had it not been for the presence of
music from daily recreations to large-scale events, humans would have struggled to go through
hardships throughout the length of history.

In conclusion, I believe that music has always played an indispensable role in the evolution of mankind,
and will continuously prevail in both local and international human activities in the future, thanks to its
being an emotion expression tool and universality.

(289 words)

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Topic 50: Many people are working longer and longer hours.
What are the reasons and effects? (WORK)
In the modern society, people work more hours than they used to in the past. This essay will shed light
on the driving factors behind this contemporary trend as well as the impacts it may have on individuals.

There are two major reasons that are resulting in prolonged working hours. For a start, modern jobs are
more demanding than ever before, requiring people to accomplish much greater amounts of work
compared to those in the past. Unable to complete daily tasks within the day, many employees simply
choose to work over time or even spend their weekends at the workplace. Secondly, it is people’s
relentless pursuit of success that drives them to work excessive hours. The employment market has
become very competitive, and if one fails equip himself with incredible skills and great experience which
can only be achieved by putting extra time at work, he can become irrelevant at any time.

Extended working hours can exert detrimental effects on people. Deprived of time for pastime activities
or bonding with friends and family, one may easily become stressed out and isolated, leading to
depression and loneliness in the long run. Evidence suggests that the vast majority of family issues such
as conflict, separation or divorce derive from the fact that husbands and wives spend too little time for
each other in favor of work matters. Mental factors aside, a person may also be prone to physical health
concerns. These range from weakened eyesight, dementia, insomnia to lack of concentration, which
might in turn threaten the well-being of a person and his productivity at work.

In conclusion, I believe that people’s spending more time working is down to an increased workload and
personal ambitions, and it can negatively affect one’s personal health both mentally and physically.

(295 words)

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Topic 51: Some people believe that an armed police force
would cause a high level of violence in the society. To what
extent do you agree or disagree? (FAMILY/LIFESTYLE)
Given the rapid increase in the level of violent crimes in the modern society, arming the police force
seems to be a viable solution. However, many people believe that this action may exacerbate the
problem of violence. Personally, I disagree with this statement.

Opponents tend to emphasize on the undesirable outcome that may occur accordingly. If the police are
equipped with firearms, they may even worsen the situation due to the ‘an-eye-for-an-eye’ culture. That
is to say, some criminals are not intimidated but are willing to heavily arm themselves with fatal
weapons such as machine guns or grenades in order to ensure the successful execution of their
conspiracy. In this sense, arming the police force might become counter-productive.

However, I am convinced that such practice can actually help reduce violence in two ways. For a start,
this can contribute to curbing violent crimes when it comes to emergencies. Provided with weapons and
authorized to open fire, the police force is ready to provide instant support in response to a serious
assault or can be deployed to areas where serious violence is imminent. Without the assistance of
firearms, such interference might be useless. In addition, by allowing police officers to use guns,
governments can send a clear warning to terrorism. If people intend to commit aggressive behaviors,
they will be aware of the equivalent punishment they may receive and probably back away from it as a
result.

In conclusion, the authorization of weapons among the police force might encourage criminals to fight
back in some cases, but the fact that it can help tackle violence and deter potential terrorists still makes
it a worthwhile decision.

(274 words)

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Topic 52: Some people believe that individuals who make a lot
of money are the most successful. Others say that who
contribute to society like scientists or teachers are the most
successful. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
(FAMILY/LIFESTYLE)
The debate over how success can be achieved is still of great controversy. While many people think
money is the measurement for success in life, others emphasize on the importance of dedicating oneself
to the well-being of society. In this essay, I will discuss both viewpoints before giving my own opinion.

On the one hand, people who are wealthy can be regarded as successful because they can provide for
themselves and their family. In other words, many people believe the ultimate goal in life is to live
comfortably and provide the best products and services to their loved ones and therefore, accumulating
wealth is the purpose of life. For example, a great many men consider owning a Ferrari or traveling
around the world with their family is synonymous with being successful. In this sense, the possession of
money and personal properties can be seen as the mark of success.

However, there are people who define success as being able to contribute a positive value to society.
That is because from their perspective, making the world a better place is the goal of life, which prompts
them to dedicate their life to help other people instead of accumulating as much money as possible.
Take the work of doctors for a prime example. The satisfaction and fulfillment when he or she is able to
save a patient’s life is significantly more meaningful then having a high salary to them. Therefore, the
key to success is in the way people strive for the betterment of people’s life.

From what has been discussed above, both viewpoints are justifiable to their own extent, and I believe
that those who can strike a balance between making money and helping others should be seen as the
most successful.

(291 words)

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Topic 53: Many students find it difficult to concentrate or pay
attention at school. What are the reasons? What could be
done to solve this problem? (EDUCATION)
A modern pressing educational problem is that more and more students are struggling to concentrate at
school. This essay attempts to shed light on the causes behind this predicament and propose several
solutions to reverse the trend.

A lack in students’ concentration may be down to two major external factors. The first one comes from
various forms of contemporary entertainment prompted by the development of modern technology.
The vast majority of students these days are in possession of smartphones, which keep haunting their
mind with text messages, pop-up notifications or mobile games, distracting them from focusing in the
class. Secondly, it is increasing levels of noise that are constantly disrupting the learning process. These
noises derive both from internal sources such as air conditioning or ventilation and external ones
including passing vehicles or nearby plants and construction sites, largely caused by the change in urban
landscape and surroundings these days.

There are two viable options that could be taken to enhance students’ concentration during classes.
First of all, schools can make use of regulations by applying a blanket ban on mobile phone use inside of
educational institutions. Deprived of such gadgets, students may find it easier to stay focused and their
academic performance would also be improved. Moreover, urban planners and authorities should take
necessary steps to guarantee necessary quietness in certain areas. In other words, by prohibiting any
activities that cause constant noise or loud bangs in the close vicinity of schools, governments can help
creating an ideal surrounding for students to pay full attention on their studying in the class.

In conclusion, the students’ inability to concentrate during classes can be attributed to smartphone
consumption and background noises, but this problem can be solved if school administrators and the
authority use their power to forbid the use of phones and distracting activities within the school area.

(308 words)

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Topic 54: Some people think that women should play an equal
role as men in military force or police force. Others say
women are not suitable for such kind of work. Discuss both
views and give your own opinion. (FAMILY/LIFESTYLE)
Given the rise of movements that support gender equality over the world in recent years, there has
been heated debate over the role of women in the military and police force. While some think women
can perfectly fit in and accomplish just what men are capable of, others believe females are not suitable
for such areas. In this essay, I will elaborate on both viewpoints and explain why I agree with the former.

Opponents of females’ service in the army and police force tend to emphasize on women’s physiological
limitations. Lacking sufficient physical strength, women seem to be not as effective as their male
colleagues in reacting to violent crimes, which require instant intervention. However, this is a flawed
argument because police officers and army soldiers are equally provided with modern weapons that
allow them to take control of emergencies. Compared to the past when victories mainly depended on
warriors’ courage, bravery and physical conditions, the wide application of automatic firearms have
fundamentally changed the nature of combats and made physical differences vague.

If not fighting on the front line, women can also contribution to the army and police force using their
tactical skills. Equipped with qualified training and necessary computer literacy, they can always help
with controlling a drone or making tactics, which may significantly facilitate military missions. Likewise,
female detectives with forensic support are no different from their male counterparts in collecting
evidence at crime scenes or conducting an interrogation over the course of an investigation. In these
senses, female’s service is no less valuable than the contribution of men serving in these fields.

From what has been discussed above, I am totally convinced that women can equally deliver great work
as men in the military and police force utilizing their mental abilities and with the assistance of modern
technology.

(302 words)

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Topic 55: It is now possible for scientists and tourists to travel
to remote natural environments, such as the South Pole. Do
the advantages of this development outweigh the
disadvantages? (FAMILY/LIFESTYLE)
The continuous progress in modern transport has significantly increased people’s mobility, stretching
our accessibility to deserted but inhabitable realms. I believe that the advantages of this trend
completely outweigh any of its perceived drawbacks.

Admittedly, the cost to this activity may be enormously unimaginable, allowing only wealthiest
individuals to embark on this journey. In order to travel to the farthest areas of the world and survive
there, one must be supported by state-of-the-art technologies such as private aircrafts and equipped
with incredible survival skills which can only be achieved through costly training programs inside of
simulators. For example, a regular Antarctica trip would cost a tourist around 50 to 60 thousands US
dollars. Exclusive to rich people, it seems like the rise of this contemporary carriage model only benefits
very few individuals in society.

However, various unique experiences and scientific gains could be brought about thanks to this activity.
For a start, elitist as it is, traveling to remote natural environments which are barely known to mankind
can be considered as a gratifying recreational activity. Those who are capable of doing this can not only
bask in the breath-taking beauty of nature such as seeing polar lights with their naked eyes but also feel
a great sense of triumph conquering the quest of setting foot on the most isolated regions in the world.
Moreover, this can back geological research dedicated to the discovery of new natural resources. Given
the rapid depletion of power sources such as coal and oil, such scientific exploration could be the key to
humankind’s well-being and prosperity in the years to come.

From what has been discussed above, despite its prohibitive price, I believe the upsides of people being
able to travel to unknown lands including the provision of personal experiences and scientific benefits
still make it a worthwhile development.

(304 words)

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Topic 56: Nowadays, many families have both parents
working. Some working parents believe other family members
like grandparents can take care of their children, while others
think childcare centers provide the best care. Discuss both
views and give your own opinion. (FAMILY/LIFESTYLE)
It is widely true that in many modern families, both parents take the role of the breadwinner and hardly
manage time for their children at home. As a result, they tend to entrust the childrearing responsibility
to either grandparents or childcare centers. In my opinion, both appear to be good to certain extent.

On the one hand, care from close family members can certainly help to boost the child’s growth. First of
all, grandparents are always willing to give the best care to their grandchildren because of the blood tie
they share in common. Simply put, they can change toddlers’ nappies or patiently feed them without
getting frustrated as the duty is fulfilled with unconditional and genuine love. Another factor worth
mentioning is that old people tend to have more experience than the young in terms of childrearing.
Having successfully brought up the parents, grandparents can easily understand children’s needs and
provide appropriate care accordingly.

On the other hand, childcare centers also prove a decent choice for several reasons. For one, staff in
such organizations are mostly well-trained to be professionals in their field. They can endure children’s
annoyance or provide instant support in emergencies such as when children choke on food, a situation
which is difficult to handle without sufficient knowledge and experience acquired through practical
training, enabling these people to raise children healthily and safely. Furthermore, if children are taken
care of in a social community, their social skills will be nurtured. Predisposed to daily collective activities
with peers, children can hone communication skills, basic interactions and teamwork ability, which will
definitely come in handy in the future.

From all that has been discussed above, while grandparents can provide excellent care for children
thanks to their affection and experience, childcare centers are also a great choice because they provide
a healthy and safe environment for child upbringing and allow children to socialize more than at home.

(318 words)

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Topic 57: In the future all cars, buses and trucks will be
driverless. The only people travelling inside these vehicles will
be passengers.
Do you think the advantages of driverless vehicles outweigh
the disadvantages? (TECHNOLOGY)
Given the rapid advancement of technology over the recent decades, it is true that automated vehicles
will come into effect in the near future. I believe that this development will cause equal benefits and
disadvantages to users.

On the one hand, there are two major advantages if people start using driverless cars instead of
conventional vehicles. The first one is that the implementation of auto-driving machine can assure
higher levels of safety to travelers. Evidence suggests that most traffic accidents result from human
error such as reckless driving, speeding or driving while intoxicated, so the elimination of human
involvement in the driving task may help reduce accident rates. In addition, people will have more spare
time instead of focusing on controlling their vehicle. Freed from the driving task, they can be productive,
socialize with others or read a book while traveling on road.

On the other hand, it is imprudent to overlook the potential drawbacks that driverless cars can bring.
Despite the fact that human-caused incidents will no longer happen, technology can have glitches itself.
If the auto-driving system malfunctions on road, it is possible that passengers may face tragic accidents.
Furthermore, people’s personal privacy can be violated by using automated means of transport. That is
to say, everyone will have to provide their destination to the system, a type of information which will be
recorded and might be accessed and taken advantage of by people with bad intentions.

From what has been discussed above, I believe that if driverless cars are to be used widely in the future,
they will do as much harm as good to society, and therefore more considerations are needed before any
decision is made.

(280 words)

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