Science Concentration Experiment
Science Concentration Experiment
Science Concentration Experiment
Research Question: Does the change in temperature affect the reaction rate and the time
it takes for the solution to become cloudy when hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium
thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) are reacted?
Rationale:
The rationale for this experiment is to investigate the effect of temperature on the reaction rate and
the time it takes for the solution to become cloudy in the reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl)
and sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3). Understanding the factors that influence the rate of chemical
reactions is crucial in various scientific and industrial applications. Collision theory explains that for a
chemical reaction to occur, reactant particles must collide with sufficient energy and proper
orientation. Increasing the temperature provides more kinetic energy to the particles, increasing
their speed and collision frequency, which can lead to a higher number of effective collisions and a
faster reaction rate. This experiment aims to apply the principles of collision theory to examine how
temperature affects the reaction rate in the HCl and Na2S2O3 reaction.
The appearance of cloudiness in the reaction between HCl and Na2S2O3 is due to the formation of
solid sulphur (S) as a product. The cloudiness serves as a visual indicator of the progress of the
reaction. By investigating the time, it takes for the solution to become cloudy at different
temperatures, we can gain insights into the relationship between temperature and the formation of
solid sulphur. This research has both scientific and practical significance. Scientifically, it contributes
to our understanding of reaction kinetics and the factors that influence reaction rates. Practically, it
has implications in various fields such as industrial processes, where the control and optimization of
reaction rates are crucial. By studying the effect of temperature on the reaction rate and cloudiness
formation, we can enhance our knowledge of this reaction system and potentially apply the findings
to improve efficiency and design in chemical processes.
Variables:
Independent Variable: The changing temperature of the reactants (room temperature, hot
water, cold water).
Dependent Variable: The time required for the liquid to turn cloudy.
Controlled Variables:
Amount of liquid (50ml of sodium thiosulfate and 5ml of hydrochloric acid).
Concentration of reactants (1 mol sodium thiosulfate and 1 mol hydrochloric acid).
Experimental setup (conical flask, square paper with a cross).
Stopwatch used to measure the reaction time.
Materials:
• Apron
• Safety Glasses
• Stopwatch
• Conical Flask
• Water (hot/cold/room temperature)
• HCl
• NaS2O3
• Measuring Cylinder
• Thermometer
Method:
1. All materials were gathered.
2. Put on safety glasses and an apron.
3. In the middle of a square piece of paper, a cross was drawn in black sharpie.
4. Place the square of paper with the cross underneath the conical flask, making sure that the
cross is in the middle of the flask.
5. In a measuring cylinder, 50ml of 1 mol sodium thiosulphate was poured.
6. In another measuring cylinder, 5ml of 1 mol hydrochloric acid (HCl) was poured.
7. Pour the cylinder of 1 mol sodium thiosulphate into the empty conical flask.
8. Pour the cylinder containing 1 mol HCl into the conical flask containing the sodium
thiosulphate.
9. Start timing the reaction immediately with the stopwatch.
10. Once the solutions have reacted enough to cover the cross, stop the stopwatch and record
data.
11. Dispose of the solution in the conical flask into the waste solution bath
12. Rise with water the conical flask
13. Repeat steps 4-10 twice more.
14. Fill the water bath with cold water (5 degrees Celsius).
15. Pour 50ml of sodium thiosulphate into a measuring cylinder.
a. x
16. Pour both solutions into the conical flask.
17. Start the stopwatch.
18. Stop the stopwatch once the black cross isn’t visible.
19. Dispose of the solution in the conical flaks into the waste solution bath.
20. Rinse the conical flask with water and place back on the square paper.
21. Repeat steps 13-20 twice more.
22. Repeat steps 13-21 with hot water (45 degrees Celsius) in the water bath instead of cold
water.
Safety Considerations:
Possible Dangers How to resolve the danger
Inhaled the gas substance Room should be fully vented
so air can flow through the
room
Getting the acid on your skin Wear protective gear
Smashing the glass Be careful when holding the
glass
Getting burnt Be careful when holding hot
substances
Results:
Discussion/Analysis:
What do the results mean?
Evaluation:
How:
Valid-accurate-precise are the results, compare with other data/theory
Discussion:
that : a. Explains the scientific theory required to understand the claim and answer the research
question
b. Displays, analyses, and interprets secondary data that can be used as evidence in evaluating the
validity of the claim.
Evaluation:
: a. Reviews and evaluates the quality of the scientific evidence – theory and data (compare your
results with the theory and other studies on the topic
b. State justified scientific arguments surrounding the claim using evidence from the theory and
data
c. Suggests improvements and extensions that could be made to the investigation
d. Evaluates the claim chosen using the scientific theory and data analysed in the discussion
Conclusion:
that summarizes your evaluation and states to what extent your research question was able to be
answered
e. Provides a fully annotated reference list (Use APA format and include in text references
throughout.