Applied - Biology Level 6

REPUBLIC OF KENYA
NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL STANDARDS
FOR
APPLIED BIOLOGY
LEVEL 6
TVET CDACC
P.O. BOX 15745-00100
NAIROBI
First published 2019
Copyright © TVET CDACC
All rights reserved. No part of these occupational standards may be reproduced, distributed, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic
or mechanical methods without the prior written permission of the TVET CDACC, except in the
case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other non-commercial uses
permitted by copyright law. For permission requests, write to the Council Secretary/CEO, at the
address below:
Council Secretary/CEO
TVET Curriculum Development, Assessment and Certification Council
P.O. Box 15745–00100
Nairobi, Kenya
Email: [email protected]
©TVETCDACC 2019 I
FOREWORD
The provision of quality education and training is fundamental to the Government’s overall
strategy for social economic development. Quality education and training will contribute to
achievement of Kenya’s development blueprint, Vision 2030 and sustainable development goals.
Reforms in the education sector are necessary for the achievement of Kenya Vision 2030 and
meeting the provisions of the Constitution of Kenya 2010. The education sector had to be aligned
to the Constitution of Kenya 2010 and this resulted to the formulation of the Policy Framework
for Reforming Education and Training. A key feature of this policy is the radical change in the
design and delivery of the TVET training. This policy document requires that training in TVET
be competency based, curriculum development be industry led, certification be based on
demonstration of competence and mode of delivery allows for multiple entry and exit in TVET
programmes.
These reforms demand that Industry takes a leading role in curriculum development to ensure the
curriculum addresses its competence needs. It is against this background that these Occupational
Standards were developed for the purpose of developing a competency-based curriculum for
Applied Biology. These Occupational Standards will also be the bases for assessment of an
individual for competence certification.
It is my conviction that these Occupational Standards will play a great role towards development
of competent human resource for Applied Biologyk9 sector’s growth and development.
PRINCIPAL SECRETARY, VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL TRAINING

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
©TVETCDACC 2019 II
PREFACE
Kenya’s Vision 2030 aims to transform the country into a newly industrializing, “middle-income
country providing a high-quality life to all its citizens by the year 2030”. Kenya intends to create
a globally competitive and adaptive human resource base to meet the requirements of a rapidly
industrializing economy through life-long education and training. TVET has a responsibility of
facilitating the process of inculcating knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary for catapulting the
nation to a globally competitive country, hence the paradigm shift to embrace Competency Based
Education and Training (CBET).
The Technical and Vocational Education and Training Act No. 29 of 2013 on Reforming
Education and Training in Kenya, emphasized the need to reform curriculum development,
assessment and certification. This called for a shift to CBET in order to address the mismatch
between skills acquired through training and skills needed by industry as well as increase the global
competitiveness of Kenyan labor force.
The TVET Curriculum Development, Assessment and Certification Council (TVET CDACC), in
conjunction with Science Laboratory Sector Skills Advisory Committee (SSAC) have developed
these Occupational Standards for Applied Biology. These standards will be the bases for
development of competency-based curriculum for Applied Biology.
The occupational standards are designed and organized with clear performance criteria for each
element of a unit of competency. These standards also outline the required knowledge and skills
as well as evidence guide.
I am grateful to the Council Members, Council Secretariat, Science Laboratory SSAC, expert
workers and all those who participated in the development of these Occupational Standards.
Prof. CHARLES M. M. ONDIEKI, PhD, FIET (K), Con. EngTech.

CHAIRMAN, TVET CDACC
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
These Occupational Standards were developed through combined effort of various stakeholders
from private and public organizations. I am thankful to the management of these organizations for
allowing their staff to participate in this course. I wish to acknowledge the invaluable contribution
of industry players who provided inputs towards the development of these Standards.
I thank TVET Curriculum Development, Assessment and Certification Council (TVET CDACC)
for providing guidance on the development of these Standards. My gratitude goes to Science
Laboratory Sector Skills Advisory Committee (SSAC) members for their contribution to the
development of these Standards. I thank all the individuals and organizations who participated in
the validation of these Standards.
I acknowledge all other institutions which in one way or another contributed to the development
of these Standards.
CHAIRMAN
SCIENCE LABORATORY SECTOR SKILLS ADVISORY COMMITTEE
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD ............................................................................................................................. ii
PREFACE ................................................................................................................................. iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ........................................................................................................... iv
ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................... vii
KEY TO UNIT CODE ............................................................................................................ viii
OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................. ix
BASIC UNITS OF COMPETENCY ...........................................................................................1
DEMONSTRATE COMMUNICATION SKILLS ......................................................................2
DEMONSTRATE NUMERACY SKILLS ..................................................................................7
DEMONSTRATE DIGITAL LITERACY ................................................................................ 13
DEMONSTRATE UNDERSTANDING OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP ...................................... 19
DEMONSTRATE EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS ....................................................................... 23
DEMONSTRATE ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY ............................................................... 32
DEMONSTRATE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH PRACTICES ....................... 40
COMMON UNITS OF COMPETENCY................................................................................... 46
PERFORM ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY STUDIES ....................................................... 47
APPLY STANDARD LABORATORY PRACTICES .............................................................. 53
CARRY OUT MICROSCOPY ................................................................................................. 62
CONDUCT LABORATORY RESEARCH ............................................................................... 65
CORE UNITS OF COMPETENCY .......................................................................................... 70
CARRY OUT CYTOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES ............................... 71
CARRY OUT MICROBIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES ............................................................. 76
PERFORM TAXONOMIC STUDIES ...................................................................................... 81
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APPLY HERBARIUM, MUSEUM, AQUARIUM AND VIVARIUM TECHNIQUES ............ 86
CARRY OUT ECOLOGICAL AND SOIL STUDIES .............................................................. 90
CARRY OUT ANIMAL HUSBANDRY .................................................................................. 96
CARRY OUT PLANT HUSBANDRY ................................................................................... 101
APPLY ENTOMOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES ........................................................................ 105
CARRY OUT PARASITOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES............................................................ 109
PERFORM IMMUNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES .................................................................. 113
APPLY BIOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES............................................................................... 117
PERFORM PHARMACOLOGICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES ................... 121
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ACRONYMS
A Control Version
BC Basic Competency
CBET Competency-Based Education and Training
CC Common Competency
CDACC Curriculum Development, Assessment and Certification Council
CNS Central Nervous System
CR Core Competency
CU Curriculum
DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid
ICT Information communication technology
IPM Integrated Pest Management
MOALF Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries
NEMA National Environment Management Authority
OSH Occupational Safety and Health
PPEs Personal Protective Equipment
PNS Peripheral Nervous System
RNA Ribonucleic Acid
SOPs Standard Operating Procedures
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KEY TO UNIT CODE
APB/OS/AB/BC/01/6/A
Industry or sector
Occupational Standards
Occupational area
Type of competency
Competency number
Competency level
Control version
©TVETCDACC 2019 VIII

OVERVIEW
Applied Biology Certificate level 6 qualification consists of competencies that a person must
achieve to enable him/her to effectively discharge Applied Biology works and contributes towards
meeting Applied Biology requirements.
The units of competency leading to Applied Biology certificate level 6 qualification include the
following seven basic, four common and twelve core competencies:
BASIC UNITS OF COMPETENCY

UNIT OF COMPETENCY CODE UNIT OF COMPETENCY TITLE
APB/OS/AB/BC/01/6/A Demonstrate communication skills
APB/OS/AB/BC/02/6/A Demonstrate numeracy skills
APB/OS/AB/BC/03/6/A Demonstrate digital literacy
APB/OS/AB/BC/04/6/A Demonstrate understanding of entrepreneurship
APB/OS/AB/BC/05/6/A Demonstrate employability skills
APB/OS/AB/BC/06/6/A Demonstrate environmental literacy
APB/OS/AB/BC/07/7/A Demonstrate Occupational safety and health practices
COMMON UNITS OF COMPETENCY

APB/OS/AB/CC/01/6/A Perform anatomy and physiology studies
APB/OS/AB/CC/02/6/A Apply standard laboratory practices
APB/OS/AB/CC/03/6/A Carry out microscopy
APB/OS/AB/CC/04/6/A Conduct laboratory research
CORE UNITS OF COMPETENCY

APB/OS/AB/CR/01/6/A Carry out cytological and histological techniques
APB/OS/AB/CR/02/6/A Carry out microbiological techniques
APB/OS/AB/CR/03/6/A Perform taxonomic studies
APB/OS/AB/CR/04/6/A Apply Herbarium, Museum, Aquarium and
Vivarium techniques
APB/OS/AB/CR/05/6/A Carry out ecological and soil studies
APB/OS/AB/CR/06/6/A Carry out animal husbandry
APB/OS/AB/CR/07/6/A Carry out plant husbandry
APB/OS/AB/CR/08/6/A Apply entomological techniques
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APB/OS/AB/CR/09/6/A Carry out parasitological techniques
APB/OS/AB/CR/10/6/A Perform immunology techniques
APB/OS/AB/CR/11/6/A Apply biochemical techniques
APB/OS/AB/CR/12/6/A Perform pharmacological and toxicological
techniques
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BASIC UNITS OF COMPETENCY
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DEMONSTRATE COMMUNICATION SKILLS
UNIT CODE: APB/OS/AB/BC/01/6/A
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit covers the competencies required in meeting communication needs of clients and
colleagues; developing, establishing, maintaining communication pathways and strategies. It also
covers competencies for conducting interview, facilitating group discussion and representing the
organization in various forums.
ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe the key outcomes These are assessable statements which specify the required
which make up workplace level of performance for each of the elements.
function Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range
1. Meet communication needs 1.1 Specific communication needs of clients and
of clients and colleagues colleagues are identified and met
1.2 Different approaches are used to meet communication
needs of clients and colleagues
1.3 Conflict is addressed promptly and in a timely way and
in a manner, which does not compromise the standing of
the organization
2. Develop communication 2.1 Strategies for effective internal and external
strategies dissemination of information are developed to meet the
organization’s requirements
2.2 Special communication needs are considered in
developing strategies to avoid discrimination in the
workplace
2.3 Communication strategies are analyzed, evaluated and
revised where necessary to make sure they are effective
3. Establish and maintain 3.1 Pathways of communication are established to meet
communication pathways requirements of organization and workforce
3.2 Pathways are maintained and reviewed to ensure
personnel are informed of relevant information
4. Promote use of 4.1 Information is provided to all areas of the organization
communication strategies to facilitate implementation of the strategy
4.2 Effective communication techniques are articulated and
modelled to the workforce
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4.3 Personnel are given guidance about adapting
communication strategies to suit a range of contexts
5. Conduct interview 5.1 A range of appropriate communication strategies are
employed in interview situations
5.2 Records of interviews are made and maintained in
accordance with organizational procedures
5.3 Effective questioning, listening and nonverbal
communication techniques are used to ensure that
required message is communicated
6. Facilitate group discussion 6.1 Mechanisms which enhance effective group
interaction is defined and implemented
6.2 Strategies which encourage all group members to
participate are used routinely
6.3 Objectives and agenda for meetings and discussions
are routinely set and followed
6.4 Relevant information is provided to group to facilitate
outcomes
6.5 Evaluation of group communication strategies is
undertaken to promote participation of all parties
6.6 Specific communication needs of individuals are
identified and addressed
7. Represent the organization 7.1 When participating in internal or external forums,
presentation is relevant, appropriately researched and
presented in a manner to promote the organization
7.2 Presentation is clear and sequential and delivered
within a predetermined time
7.3 Appropriate media is utilized to enhance presentation
7.4 Differences in views are respected
7.5 Written communication is consistent with
organizational standards
7.6 Inquiries are responded in a manner consistent with
organizational standard
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RANGE
This section provides work environment and conditions to which the performance criteria apply.
It allows for different work environment and situations that will affect performance.
Variable
Range
Communication strategies  Language switch

include but not limited to:  Comprehension check
 Repetition
 Asking confirmation
 Paraphrase
 Clarification request
 Translation
 Restructuring
 Approximation
 Generalization
Interview situations include but  Establishing rapport
not limited to:  Eliciting facts and information
 Facilitating resolution of issues
 Developing action plans
 Diffusing potentially difficult situations
Effective group interaction  Identifying and evaluating what is occurring within an
includes but not limited to: interaction in a nonjudgmental way
 Using active listening
 Making decision about appropriate words, behavior
 Putting together response which is culturally
appropriate
 Expressing an individual perspective
 Expressing own philosophy, ideology and background
and exploring impact with relevance to communication
REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit of competency.
Required Skills
The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:

 Effective communication
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 Active listening
 Giving/receiving feedback
 Interpretation of information
 Role boundaries setting
 Negotiation
 Establishing empathy
 Openness and flexibility in communication
 Communication skills required to fulfill job roles as specified by the organization
 Writing communications strategy
 Applying key elements of communications strategy
Required Knowledge
The individual needs to demonstrate knowledge of:
 Communication process
 Dynamics of groups and different styles of group leadership
 Communication skills relevant to client groups
 Flexibility in communication
 Key elements of communications strategy
EVIDENCE GUIDE
This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the performance
criteria, required skills and knowledge and range.
1. Critical aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
Competency 1.1 Developed communication strategies to meet the
organization requirements and applied in the workplace
1.2 Established and maintained communication pathways for
effective communication in the workplace
1.3 Used communication strategies involving exchanges of
complex oral information
2. Resource Implications The following resources should be provided:
2.1 Access to relevant workplace or appropriately simulated
environment where assessment can take place
2.2 Materials relevant to the proposed activity or tasks
3. Methods of Competency in this unit may be assessed through:
Assessment
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3.1 Direct Observation/Demonstration with Oral Questioning
3.2 Written Examination
4. Context of Competency may be assessed individually in the actual
Assessment workplace or through accredited institution
5. Guidance information Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry
for assessment sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
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DEMONSTRATE NUMERACY SKILLS
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit describes the competencies required by a worker in order to apply a wide range of
mathematical calculations for work; apply ratios, rates and proportions to solve problems;
estimate, measure and calculate measurement for work; Use detailed maps to plan travel routes for
work; Use geometry to draw and construct 2D and 3D shapes for work; Collect, organize and
interpret statistical data; Use routine formula and algebraic expressions for work and use common
functions of a scientific calculator

These describe the key These are assessable statements which specify the required level
outcomes which make up of performance for each of the elements.
workplace function. Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range.
1. Apply a wide range of 1.1 Mathematical information embedded in a range of workplace
mathematical tasks and texts is extracted
calculations for work 1.2 Mathematical information is interpreted and comprehended
1.3 A range of mathematical and problem solving processes are
select and used
1.4 Different forms of fractions, decimals and percentages are
flexibly used
1.5 Calculation performed with positive and negative numbers
1.6 Numbers are expressed as powers and roots and are used in
calculations
1.7 Calculations done using routine formulas
1.8 Estimation and assessment processes are used to check
outcome
1.9 Mathematical language is used to discuss and explain the
processes, results and implications of the task
2. Use and apply ratios, 2.1 Information regarding ratios, rates and proportions extracted
rates and proportions from a range of workplace tasks and texts
for work 2.2 Mathematical information related to ratios, rate and
proportions is analyzed
2.3 Problem solving processes are used to undertake the task
2.4 Equivalent ratios and rates are simplified
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2.5 Quantities are calculated using ratios, rates and proportions
2.6 Graphs, charts or tables are constructed to represent ratios,
rates and proportions
2.6 The outcomes reviewed and checked
2.7 Information is record using mathematical language and
symbols
3. Estimate, measure and 3.1 Measurement information embedded in workplace texts and
calculate measurement tasks are extracted and interpreted
for work 3.2 Appropriate workplace measuring equipment are identified
and selected
3.3 Accurate measurements are estimate and made
3.4 The area of 2D shapes including compound shapes are
calculated
3.5 The volume of 3D shapes is calculated using relevant
formulas
3.6 Sides of right angled triangles are calculated using
Pythagoras’ theorem
3.7 conversions are perform between units of measurement
3.8 Problem solving processes are used to undertake the task
3.9 The measurement outcomes are reviewed and checked
3.10 Information is recorded using mathematical language and
symbols appropriate for the task
4. Use detailed maps to 4.1 Different types of maps are identified and interpreted
plan travel routes for 4.2 Key features of maps are identified
work 4.3 Scales are identified and interpreted
4.4 Scales are applied to calculate actual distances
4.5 Positions or locations are determined using directional
information
4.6 Routes are planned by determining directions and calculating
distances, speeds and times
4.7 Information is gathered and identified and relevant factors
related to planning a route checked
4.8 Relevant equipment is select and checked for accuracy and
operational effectiveness
4.9 Task is planned and recorded using specialized mathematical
language and symbols appropriate for the task
5. Use geometry to draw 5.1 A range of 2D shapes and 3D shapes and their uses in work
2D shapes and contexts is identified
5.2 Features of 2D and 3D shapes are named and described
5.3 Types of angles in 2D and 3D shapes are identified
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construct 3D shapes for 5.4 Angles are drawn, estimated and measured using geometric
work instruments
5.5 Angle properties of 2D shapes are named and identified
5.6 Angle properties are used to evaluate unknown angles in
shapes
5.7 Properties of perpendicular and parallel lines are applied to
shapes
5.8 Understanding and use of symmetry is demonstrated
5.9 Understanding and use of similarity is demonstrated
5.10 The workplace tasks and mathematical processes required
are identified
5.11 2D shapes is drawn for work
5.12 3D shapes is constructed for work
5.13 The outcomes are reviewed and checked
5.14 Specialized mathematical language and symbols
appropriate for the task are used
6. Collect, organize, and 6.1 Workplace issue requiring investigation are identified
interpret statistical data 6.2 Audience / population / sample unit is determined
for work 6.3 Data to be collected is identified
6.4 Data collection method is selected
6.5 Appropriate statistical data is collected and organized
6.6 Data is illustrated in appropriate formats
6.7 The effectiveness of different types of graphs are compared
6.8 The summary statistics for collected data is calculated
6.9 The results / findings are interpreted
6.10 Data is checked to ensure that it meets the expected results
and content
6.11 Information from the results including tables, graphs and
summary statistics is extracted and interpreted
6.12 Mathematical language and symbols are used to report
results of investigation
7. Use routine formula and 7.1 Understanding of informal and symbolic notation,
algebraic expressions representation and conventions of algebraic expressions is
for work demonstrated
7.2 Simple algebraic expressions and equations are developed
7.3 Operate on algebraic expressions
7.4 Algebraic expressions are simplified
7.5 Substitution into simple routine equations is done
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7.6 Routine formulas used for work tasks are identified and
comprehended
7.7 Routine formulas are evaluate by substitution
7.8 Routine formulas transposed
7.9 Appropriate formulas are identified and used for work
related tasks
7.10Outcomes are checked and result of calculation used
8. Use common functions 8.1 Required numerical information to perform tasks is located
of a scientific 8.2 The order of operations and function keys necessary to solve
calculator for work mathematical calculation are determined
8.3 Function keys on a scientific calculator are identified and
used
8.4 Estimations are referred to check reasonableness of problem
solving process
8.5 Appropriate mathematical language, symbols and
conventions are used to report results
RANGE
This section provides work environments and conditions to which the performance criteria apply.
It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect performance.
Variable Range
1 Geometry includes but not 1.1 Scale drawing

limited to: 1.2 Triangles
1.3 Simple solid
1.4 Round
1.5 Square
1.6 Rectangular
1.7 Triangle
1.8 Sphere
1.9 Cylinder
1.10 Cube
1.11 Polygons
1.12 Cuboids
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Required Skills
 Applying Fundamental operations (addition, subtraction, division, multiplication)
 Using calculator
 Using different measuring tools
Required knowledge
 Types of common shapes
 Differentiation between two dimensional shapes / objects
 Formulae for calculating area and volume
 Types and purpose of measuring instruments
 Units of measurement and abbreviations
 Fundamental operations (addition, subtraction, division, multiplication)
 Rounding techniques
 Types of fractions
 Different types of tables and graphs
 Meaning of graphs, such as increasing, decreasing, and constant value
 Preparation of basic data, tables & graphs
EVIDENCE GUIDE

Competency
1. 1. Applied a wide range of mathematical calculations for
work
1. 2. Used and applied ratios, rates and proportions for
work
1. 3. Estimated, measured and calculated measurement for
work
1. 4. Used detailed maps to plan travel routes for work
1. 5. Used geometry to draw 2D shapes and construct 3D
shapes for work
1. 6. Collected, organized, and interpreted statistical data
for work
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1. 7. Used routine formula and algebraic expressions for
work
1. 8. Used common functions of a scientific calculator for
work
2. Resource The following resources should be provided:
Implications
2.1 Access to relevant workplace or appropriately simulated
environment where assessment can take place
2.2 Materials relevant to the proposed activity or tasks
Assessment
3.1 3.1 Direct Observation/Demonstration with Oral
Questioning
3.2 3.2 Written Examination
4. Context of Competency may be assessed individually in the actual

Assessment workplace or through accredited institution
5. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry

information for sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
assessment
©TVETCDACC 2019 12
DEMONSTRATE DIGITAL LITERACY
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit covers the competencies required to effectively use digital devices such as smartphones,
tablets, laptops and desktop PCs. It entails identifying and using digital devices such as
smartphones, tablets, laptops and desktop PCs for purposes of communication, work performance
and management at the work place.
These describe the key These are assessable statements which specify the required
outcomes which make up level of performance for each of the elements.
workplace function Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range
1. Identify appropriate 1.1 Concepts of ICT are determined in accordance with

computer software and computer equipment
hardware 1.2 Classifications of computers are determined in accordance
with manufacturers specification
1.3 Appropriate computer software is identified according to
manufacturer’s specification
1.4 Appropriate computer hardware is identified according
to manufacturer’s specification
1.5 Functions and commands of operating system are
determined in accordance with manufacturer’s
specification
2. Apply security measures 2.1 Data security and privacy are classified in accordance
to data, hardware, with the prevailing technology
software in automated 2.2 Security threats are identified and control measures are
environment applied in accordance with laws governing protection of
ICT
2.3 Computer threats and crimes are detected.
2.4 Protection against computer crimes is undertaken in
accordance with laws governing protection of ICT
3. Apply computer 3.1 Word processing concepts are applied in resolving
software in solving tasks workplace tasks, report writing and documentation
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3.2 Word processing utilities are applied in accordance with
workplace procedures
3.3 Worksheet layout is prepared in accordance with work
procedures
3.4 Worksheet is built and data manipulated in the worksheet
in accordance with workplace procedures
3.5 Continuous data manipulated on worksheet is undertaken
in accordance with work requirements
3.6 Database design and manipulation is undertaken in
accordance with office procedures
3.7 Data sorting, indexing, storage, retrieval and security is
provided in accordance with workplace procedures
4. Apply internet and email 4.1 Electronic mail addresses are opened and applied in
in communication at workplace communication in accordance with office
workplace policy
4.2 Office internet functions are defined and executed in
accordance with office procedures
4.3 Network configuration is determined in accordance with
office operations procedures
4.4 Official World Wide Web is installed and managed
according to workplace procedures
5. Apply Desktop 5.1 Desktop publishing functions and tools are identified in
publishing in official accordance with manufactures specifications
assignments 5.2 Desktop publishing tools are developed in accordance
with work requirements
5.3 Desktop publishing tools are applied in accordance with
workplace requirements
5.4 Typeset work is enhanced in accordance with workplace
standards
6. Prepare presentation 6.1 Types of presentation packages are identified in
packages accordance with office requirements
6.2 Slides are created and formulated in accordance with
workplace procedures
6.3 Slides are edited and run in accordance with work
procedures
6.4 Slides and handouts are printed according to work
requirements
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RANGE
Variable Range
Appropriate computer software A collection of instructions or computer tools that enable the
includes but not limited to: user to interact with a computer, its hardware, or perform
tasks.
Appropriate computer Collection of physical parts of a computer system such as;

hardware includes but not  Computer case, monitor, keyboard, and mouse
limited to:  All the parts inside the computer case, such as the hard
disk drive, motherboard and video card
Data security and privacy  Confidentiality of data
includes but not limited to:  Cloud computing
 Integrity -but-curious data surfing
Security and control measures  Counter measures against cyber terrorism
includes but not limited to:  Risk reduction
 Cyber threat issues
 Risk management
 Pass-wording
Security threats includes but  Cyber terrorism
not limited to:  Hacking
Word processing concepts Using a special program to create, edit and print documents
includes but not limited to:
Network configuration includes Organizing and maintaining information on the components
but not limited to: of a computer network

Required Skills

 Analytical skills
 Interpretation
 Typing
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 Communication
 Computing (applying fundamental operations such as addition, subtraction, division and
multiplication)
 Using calculator
 Basic ICT skills
Required Knowledge
 Software concept
 Functions of computer software and hardware
 Data security and privacy
 Computer security threats and control measures
 Technology underlying cyber-attacks and networks
 Cyber terrorism
 Computer crimes
 Detection and protection of computer crimes
 Laws governing protection of ICT
 Word processing;
 Functions and concepts of word processing.
 Documents and tables creation and manipulations
 Mail merging
 Word processing utilities
 Spread sheets;
 Meaning, formulae, function and charts, uses and layout
 Data formulation, manipulation and application to cells

 Database;
 Database design, data manipulation, sorting, indexing, storage
retrieval and security
 Desktop publishing;
 Designing and developing desktop publishing tools
 Manipulation of desktop publishing tools
 Enhancement of typeset work and printing documents
 Presentation Packages;
 Types of presentation Packages
 Creating, formulating, running, editing, printing and presenting
slides and handouts
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 Networking and Internet;
 Computer networking and internet.
 Electronic mail and world wide web
 Emerging trends and issues in ICT;
 Identify and integrate emerging trends and issues in ICT
 Challenges posed by emerging trends and issues
EVIDENCE GUIDE
1. Critical Aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
Competency 1.1 Identified and controlled security threats
1.2 Detected and protected computer crimes
1.3 Applied word processing in office tasks
1.4 Designed, prepared work sheet and applied data to the
cells in accordance to workplace procedures
1.5 Opened electronic mail for office communication as per
workplace procedure
1.6 Installed internet and World Wide Web for office tasks
in accordance with office procedures
1.7 Integrated emerging issues in computer ICT
applications
1.8 Applied laws governing protection of ICT
2. Resource Implications 2.1 Tablets
2.2 Laptops and
2.3 Desktop PCs
2.4 Desktop computer
2.5 Lap top
2.6 Calculator
2.7 Internet
2.8 Smart phone
2.9 Operations Manuals
3. Methods of Competency may be assessed through:
Assessment 3.1 Written Test
3.2 Demonstration
3.3 Practical assignment
3.4 Interview/Oral Questioning
©TVETCDACC 2019 17
3.5 Demonstration
4. Context of Competency may be assessed in an off and on the job
Assessment setting
5. Guidance information Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry
for assessment sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
©TVETCDACC 2019 18
DEMONSTRATE UNDERSTANDING OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
UNIT DESCRPTION
This unit covers the competencies required to demonstrate understanding of entrepreneurship. It

involves demonstrating understanding of an entrepreneur, entrepreneurship and self-
employment. It also involves identifying entrepreneurship opportunities, creating entrepreneurial
awareness, applying entrepreneurial motivation and developing business innovative strategies.
RANGE
Variable Range
Strategic directions include but not 1.1 Business continuity and succession
limited to:
1.2 Resource access security
1.3 Core competencies development
1.4 New developments e.g. technological change, new

products
Business/Corporate plan includes 2.1 Action steps and responsibilities of departments

but not limited to: and individual workers
2.2 Resource requirements and budget
2.3 Tactics and strategies to achieve objectives
Helpful mechanisms include but not 3.1 Wage and non-wage benefits
limited to: 3.2 Employee awards and recognition systems
3.3 Employee rights and welfare policies
3.4 Full-disclosure/transparency policies
©TVETCDACC 2019 19
Required Skills
 Assessing a range of alternative products and strategies
 Critically analyzing information, summarizing and making sense of previous and current
market trends
 Identifying changing consumer preferences and demographics
 Thinking “outside the box”
 Ensuring quality consistency
 Reducing lead time to product/service delivery
 Managing operations/ production
 Using formal problem-solving procedures, e. g., root-cause analysis, six sigma
 Communication skills
 Applying motivational principles, e. g., positive stroking, behavior modification
 Assessing range of alternatives rather than choosing the easiest option
 Achieving ownership and credibility for the enterprise vision
 Critically analyzing information, summarizing and making sense of previous and current
market trends
 Developing solutions and practical strategies which are “outside the box”
Required Knowledge
 Features and benefits of common operational practices, e. g., continuous improvement
(kaizen), waste elimination,
 Conflict resolution
 Health, safety and environment (HSE) principles and requirements
 Public-relations strategies
 Basic cost-benefit analysis
 Basic financial management
 Business strategic planning
 Impact of change on individuals, groups and industries
 Employee assistance
 Government and regulatory processes
 Local and international market trends
 Product promotion strategies
©TVETCDACC 2019 20
 Mechanisms in the enterprise
 Market and feasibility studies
 Local and global supply chains Business models and strategies
 Government and regulatory processes
 Local and international business environment
 Concepts of change management
 Relevant developments in other industries
 Capital employed
 Regional/ County business expansion
 Innovation in business
EVIDENCE GUIDE
This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the performance criteria,
required skills and knowledge and range.

Competency
1.1 Demonstrated ability to maintain a profitable and stable
enterprise as shown by stakeholder feedback, employee
testimonies and company financial statements
1.2 Demonstrated ability to conceptualize and plan a micro/small

enterprise
1.3 Demonstrated ability to manage/operate a micro/small-scale

business
1.4 Demonstrated basic marketing skills
2. Resource Implications The following resources should be provided:

2.1 Interview guide for entrepreneurs
2.2 Enterprise workers and third parties
2.3 Materials and location relevant to the proposed activity and
tasks
3. Methods of Assessment 3.1 Case problems
3.2 Interview
3.3 Portfolio
3.4 Third part reports
©TVETCDACC 2019 21
4. Context of 4.1 Competency may be assessed in workplace or in a simulated
Assessment workplace setting
4.2 Assessment shall be observed while tasks are being
undertaken whether individually or in-group
5. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry sector,
information for workplace and job role is recommended.
assessment
©TVETCDACC 2019 22
DEMONSTRATE EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS
UNIT DESCRIPTON
This unit covers competencies required to demonstrate employability skills. It involves conducting
self-management, demonstrating interpersonal communication, critical safe work habits, leading
a workplace team, planning and organizing work, maintaining professional growth and
development, demonstrating workplace learning, problem solving skills and managing ethical
performance.
workplace function.
Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range
1. Conduct self- 1.1 Personal vision, mission and goals are formulated based on
management potential and in relation to organization objectives
1.2 Emotions are managed as per workplace requirements
1.3 Individual performance is evaluated and monitored
according to the agreed targets.
1.4 Assertiveness is developed and maintained based on the
requirements of the job.
1.5 Accountability and responsibility for own actions are
demonstrated.
1.6 Self-esteem and a positive self-image are developed and
maintained.
1.7 Time management, attendance and punctuality are observed
as per the organization policy.
1.8 Goals are managed as per the organization’s objective
1.9 Self-strengths and weaknesses are identified as per
personal objectives
1.10 Critics are managed as per personal objectives
2. Demonstrate 2.1 Listening and understanding is demonstrated as per
interpersonal communication policy
communication
©TVETCDACC 2019 23
2.2 Writing to the needs of the audience is demonstrated as per
communication policy
2.3 Speaking, reading and writing is demonstrated as per
communication policy
2.4 Negotiation skills are demonstrated as per communication
policy
2.5 Empathizing is demonstrated as per the communication
policy
2.6 Numeracy is applied as per the communication policy
2.7 Internal and external customers’ needs are identified and
interpreted as per the communication policy
2.8 Persuasion is demonstrated as per the communication policy
2.9 Communication networks are established as per the SOPs
2.10 Information is shared as per communication structure
3. Demonstrate critical 3.1 Stress is managed in accordance with workplace procedures.
safe work habits 3.2 Punctuality and time consciousness is demonstrated in line
with workplace policy.
3.3 Personal objectives are integrated with organization goals
based on organization’s strategic plan.
3.4 Resources are utilized in accordance with workplace policy.
3.5 Work priorities are set in accordance to workplace
procedures.
3.6 Leisure time is recognized in line with organization policy.
3.7 Abstinence from drug and substance abuse is observed as
per workplace policy.
3.8 Awareness of HIV and AIDS is demonstrated in line with
workplace requirements.
3.9 Safety consciousness is demonstrated in the workplace based
on organization safety policy.
3.10 Emerging issues are dealt with in accordance with
organization policy.
4. Lead a workplace 4.1 Performance expectations for the team are set
team 4.2 Duties and responsibilities are assigned in accordance with
the organization policy.
4.3 Team parameters and relationships are identified according
to set rules and regulations.
4.4 Forms of communication in a team are established
according to office policy.
©TVETCDACC 2019 24
4.5 Communication is carried out as per workplace place policy
and requirements of the job.
4.6 Team performance is supervised
4.7 Feedback on performance is collected and analyzed based on
established team learning process
4.8 Conflicts are resolved between team members in line with
organization rules and regulations.
4.9 Gender mainstreaming is undertaken in accordance with set
regulations.
4.10 Human rights are adhered to in accordance with existing
protocol.
4.11 Healthy relationships are developed and maintained for
harmonious co-existence in line with workplace.
5. Plan and organize 5.1 Task requirements are identified as per the workplace
work objectives
5.2 Task is interpreted in accordance with safety (OHS),
environmental requirements and quality requirements
5.3 Work activity is organized with other involved personnel as
per the SOPs
5.4 Resources are mobilized, allocated and utilized to meet
project goals and deliverables.
5.5 Work activities are monitored and evaluated in line with
organization procedures.
5.6 Job planning is documented in accordance with workplace
requirements.
5.7 Planning and organizing of work activities is reviewed as per
the workplace requirements
5.8 Time is managed achieve workplace set goals and objectives.
6. Maintain 6.1 Personal training needs are identified and assessed in line
professional growth with the requirements of the job.
and development 6.2 Training and career opportunities are identified and
availed based on job requirements.
6.3 Resources for training are mobilized and allocated based
organizations skills needs.
6.4 Licensees and certifications relevant to job and career are
obtained and renewed.
6.5 Personal growth is pursued towards improving the
qualifications set for the profession.
©TVETCDACC 2019 25
6.6 Work priorities and commitments are managed based on
requirement of the job and workplace policy.
6.7 Recognitions are sought as proof of career advancement in
line with professional requirements.
7. Demonstrate 7.1 Own learning is managed as per workplace policy.
workplace learning 7.2 Learning opportunities are sought and allocated based on job
requirement and in line with organization policy.
7.3 Contribution to the learning community at the workplace is
carried out.
7.4 Range of media for learning are established as per the
training need
7.5 Application of learning is demonstrated in both technical
and non-technical aspects based on requirements of the job
7.6 Enthusiasm for ongoing learning is demonstrated
7.7 Time and effort is invested in learning new skills-based job
requirements
7.8 Willingness to learn in different context is demonstrated
based on available learning opportunities arising in the
workplace.
7.9 Awareness of Occupational Health and Safety procedures are
demonstrated in use of technology in the workplace.
7.10 Initiative is taken to create more effective and efficient
processes and procedures in line with workplace policy.
7.11 New systems are developed and maintained in
accordance with the requirements of the job.
7.12 Opportunities that are not obvious are identified and
exploited in line with organization objectives.
7.13 Opportunities for performance improvement are
identified proactively in area of work.
7.14 Awareness of personal role in workplace innovation is
demonstrated.
8. Demonstrate problem 8.1 Creative, innovative and practical solutions are developed
solving skills based on the problem
8.2 Independence and initiative in identifying and solving
problems is demonstrated.
8.3 Team problems are solved as per the workplace guidelines
8.4 Problem solving strategies are applied as per the workplace
guidelines
©TVETCDACC 2019 26
8.5 Problems are analyzed and assumptions tested as per the
context of data and circumstances
9. Manage workplace 9.1 Policies and guidelines are observed as per the workplace
ethics requirements
9.2 Self-worth and profession is exercised in line with personal
goals and organizational policies
9.3 Code of conduct is observed as per the workplace
requirements
9.4 Personal and professional integrity is demonstrated as per the
personal goals
9.5 Commitment to jurisdictional laws is demonstrated as per the
workplace requirements
RANGE
Range Variable
Drug and substance Commonly abused

abuse include but not  Alcohol
limited to:  Tobacco
 Miraa
 Over-the-counter drugs
 Cocaine
 Bhang
 Glue
Feedback includes but  Verbal
not limited to:  Written
 Informal
 Formal
©TVETCDACC 2019 27
Relationships includes  Man/Woman
but not limited to:  Trainer/trainee
 Employee/employer
 Client/service provider
 Husband/wife
 Boy/girl
 Parent/child
 Sibling relationships
Forms of  Written
communication include  Visual
but not limited to:  Verbal
 Non verbal
 Formal and informal
Team includes but not  Small work group
limited to:  Staff in a section/department
 Inter-agency group
Personal growth  Growth in the job
includes but not limited  Career mobility
to:  Gains and exposure the job gives
 Net workings
 Benefits that accrue to the individual as a result of
noteworthy performance
Personal objectives  Long term
include but not limited  Short term
to:  Broad
 Specific
Trainings and career  Participation in training programs
opportunities includes o Technical
but not limited to o Supervisory
o Managerial
o Continuing Education
 Serving as Resource Persons in conferences and workshops
Resource include but not  Human
limited to:  Financial
 Technology
o Hardware
o Software
©TVETCDACC 2019 28
Innovation include but  New ideas
not limited to:  Original ideas
 Different ideas
 Methods/procedures
 Processes
 New tools
Emerging issues include  Terrorism
but not limited to:  Social media
 National cohesion
 Open offices
Range of media for  Mentoring
learning include but not  peer support and networking
limited to:  IT and courses

Required Skills
 Personal hygiene practices
 Intra and Interpersonal skills
 Knowledge management
 Interpersonal skills
 Critical thinking skills
 Observation skills
 Organizing skills
 Negotiation skills
 Monitoring skills
 Evaluation skills
 Record keeping skills
 Problem solving skills
 Decision Making skills
 Resource utilization skills
 Resource mobilization skills
©TVETCDACC 2019 29
Required Knowledge
 Work values and ethics
 Company policies
 Company operations, procedures and standards
 Occupational Health and safety procedures
 Fundamental rights at work
 Personal hygiene practices
 Workplace communication
 Concept of time
 Time management
 Decision making
 Types of resources
 Work planning
 Resources and allocating resources
 Organizing work
 Monitoring and evaluation
 Record keeping
 Workplace problems and how to deal with them
 Negotiation
 Assertiveness
 Team work
 Gender mainstreaming
 HIV and AIDS
 Drug and substance abuse
 Leadership
 Safe work habits
 Professional growth and development
 Technology in the workplace
 Learning
 Creativity
 Innovation
 Emerging issues
o Social media
o Terrorism
o National cohesion
©TVETCDACC 2019 30
EVIDENCE GUIDE

Competency 1.1 Conducted self-management
1.2 Demonstrated interpersonal communication
1.3 Demonstrated critical safe work habits
1.4 Demonstrated the ability to lead a workplace team
1.5 Planned and organized work
1.6 Maintained professional growth and development
1.7 Demonstrated workplace learning
1.8 Demonstrated problem solving skills
1.9 Demonstrated the ability to manage ethical performance
Implications
2.1 Case studies/scenarios
Assessment
 Oral Interview
 Observation
 Third Party Reports
 Written
4. Context of 4.1 Competency may be assessed in workplace or in a simulated
Assessment workplace setting
4.2 Assessment shall be observed while tasks are being undertaken
whether individually or in-group
assessment
©TVETCDACC 2019 31
DEMONSTRATE ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit specifies the competencies required to follow procedures for environmental hazard
control, follow procedures for environmental pollution control, comply with workplace sustainable
resource use, evaluate current practices in relation to resource usage, develop and adhere to
environmental protection principles/strategies/guidelines, analyze resource use, develop resource
conservation plans and implement selected plans.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These are assessable statements which specify the
ELEMENT
required level of performance for each of the
These describe the key outcomes which
elements.
make up workplace function.
Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the
Range
1. Control environmental hazard 1.1 Storage methods for environmentally
hazardous materials are strictly followed
according to environmental regulations and
OSHS.
1.2 Disposal methods of hazardous wastes are
followed at all times according to
environmental regulations and OSHS.
1.3 PPE is used according to OSHS.
2. Control environmental Pollution 2.1 Environmental pollution control measures are
control compiled following standard protocol.
2.2 Procedures for solid waste management are
observed according Environmental Management
and Coordination Act 1999
2.3 Methods for minimizing noise pollution
complied following environmental regulations.
3. Demonstrate sustainable 3.1 Methods for minimizing wastage are complied
resource use with.
©TVETCDACC 2019 32
3.2 Waste management procedures are employed
following principles of 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse,
Recycle)
3.3 Methods for economizing or reducing resource
consumption are practiced.
4. Evaluate current practices in 4.1 Information on resource efficiency systems and
relation to resource usage procedures are collected and provided to the
work group where appropriate.
4.2 Current resource usage is measured and recorded
by members of the work group.
4.3 Current purchasing strategies are analyzed and
recorded according to industry procedures.
4.4 Current work processes to access information
and data is analyzed following enterprise
protocol.
5. Identify Environmental 5.1 Environmental legislations/conventions and
legislations/conventions for local ordinances are identified according to the
environmental concerns different environmental aspects/impact
5.2 Industrial standard/environmental practices are
described according to the different
environmental concerns
6. Implement specific 6.1 Programs/Activities are identified according to
environmental programs organizations policies and guidelines.
6.2 Individual roles/responsibilities are determined
and performed based on the activities identified.
6.3 Problems/constraints encountered are resolved
in accordance with organizations’ policies and
guidelines
6.4 Stakeholders are consulted based on company
guidelines
7. Monitor activities on 7.1 Activities are periodically monitored and
Environmental Evaluated according to the objectives of the
protection/Programs environmental program
7.2 Feedback from stakeholders are gathered and
considered in Proposing enhancements to the
program based on consultations
7.3 Data gathered are analyzed based on Evaluation
requirements
©TVETCDACC 2019 33
7.4 Recommendations are submitted based on the
findings
7.5 Management support systems are set/established
to sustain and enhance the program
7.6 Environmental incidents are monitored and
reported to concerned/proper authorities
8. Analyze resource use 8.1 All resource consuming processes are Identified
8.2 Quantity and nature of Resource consumed is
determined
8.3 Resource flow is analyzed through different
parts of the process.
8.4 Wastes are classified for possible source of
resources.
9. Develop resource conservation 9.1 Efficiency of use/conversion of resources is
plans determined following industry protocol.
9.2 Causes of low efficiency of use of resources are
determined based on industry protocol.
9.3 Plans for increasing the efficiency of resource
use are developed based on findings.
RANGE
Variable Range
PPEs include but are not limited 1.1. Mask
to 1.2. Gloves
1.3. Goggles
1.4. Safety hat
1.5. Overall
1.6. Hearing protector
Environmental pollution control 2.1 Methods for minimizing or stopping spread and
measures include but are not ingestion of airborne particle
limited to: 2.2 Methods for minimizing or stopping spread and
ingestion of gases and fumes
2.3 Methods for minimizing or stopping spread and
ingestion of liquid wastes
©TVETCDACC 2019 34
Wastes include but are not 3.1 Unnecessary waste
limited to: 3.2 Necessary waste
Waste Management Procedures 4.1 Sorting

include but are not limited to: 4.2 Storing of items
4.3 Recycling of items
4.4 Disposal of items
Resources include but are not 5.1 Electric
limited to: 5.2 Water
5.3 Fuel
5.4 Telecommunications
5.5 Supplies
5.6 Materials
Workplace environmental 1.1 Biological hazards
hazards include but are not 1.2 Chemical and dust hazards
limited to: 1.3 Physical hazards
Organizational systems and 7.1 Supply chain, procurement and purchasing

procedures include but are not 7.2 Quality assurance
limited to: 7.3 Making recommendations and seeking approvals
Legislations/Conventions 8.1 EMCA 1999

include but are not limited to: 8.2 Montreal Protocol
8.3 Kyoto Protocol
Environmental aspects/impacts 9.4 Air pollution
include but are not limited to: 9.5 Water pollution
9.6 Noise pollution
9.7 Solid waste
9.8 Flood control
9.9 Deforestation/Denudation
9.10 Radiation/Nuclear /Radio Frequency/ Microwaves
9.11 Situation
9.12 Soil erosion (e.g. Quarrying, Mining, etc.)
9.13 Coral reef/marine life protection
Industrial standards / 10.1 ISO standards
Environmental practices include 10.2 Company environmental management systems
but are not limited to: (EMS)
©TVETCDACC 2019 35
Periodic includes but are not 11.1 hourly
limited to: 11.2 daily
11.3 weekly
11.4 monthly
11.5 quarterly
11.6 yearly
Programs/Activities include but 12.1Waste disposal (on-site and off-site)
are not limited to: 12.2Repair and maintenance of equipment
12.3Treatment and disposal operations
12.4Clean-up activities
12.5Laboratory and analytical test
12.6Monitoring and evaluation
12.7Environmental advocacy programs

Required Skills
 Following storage methods of environmentally hazardous materials
 Following disposal methods of hazardous wastes
 Using PPE
 Practicing OSHS
 Complying environmental pollution control
 Observing solid waste management
 Complying methods of minimizing noise Pollution
 Complying methods of minimizing wastage
 Employing waste management procedures
 Economizing resource consumption
 Listing of resources used
 Measuring current usage of resources
 Identifying and reporting workplace environmental hazards
 Conveying all environmental issues
 Following environmental regulations
 Identifying environmental regulations
 Assessing procedures for assessing compliance
 Collecting information on environmental and resource efficiency systems and procedures,
and Providing information to the work group
©TVETCDACC 2019 36
 Measuring and recording current resource usage
 Analysing and recording current purchasing strategies.
 Analysing current work processes to access information and data and Assisting identifying
areas for improvement
 Analysing resource flow
 Determining efficiency of use/conversion of resources
 Determining causes of low efficiency of use
 Developing plans for increasing the efficiency of resource use
 Checking resource use plans
 Complying to regulations/licensing requirements
 Determining benefit/cost of plans
 Ranking proposals based on benefit/cost compared to limited resources
 Checking proposals meet regulatory requirements
 Monitoring implementation
 Making adjustments to plan and implementation
 checking new resource usage
Required Knowledge
 Storage methods of environmentally hazardous materials
 Disposal methods of hazardous wastes
 Usage of PPE Environmental regulations
 OSHS
 Types of pollution
 Environmental pollution control measures
 Different solid wastes
 Solid waste management
 Different noise pollution
 Methods of minimizing noise pollution
 Methods of minimizing wstage
 Waste management procedures
 Economizing of resource consumption
 Principle of 3Rs
 Types of resources
 Techniques in measuring current usage of resources
 Calculating current usage of resources
 Types of workplace environmental hazards
©TVETCDACC 2019 37
 Environmental regulations
 Environmental regulations applying to the enterprise.
 Procedures for assessing compliance with environmental regulations.
 Collection of information on environmental and resource efficiency systems and
procedures,
 Measurement and recording of current resource usage
 Analysis and recording of current purchasing strategies.
 Analysis current work processes to access information and data Analysis of data and
information
 Identification of areas for improvement
 Resource consuming processes
 Determination of quantity and nature of resource consumed
 Analysis of resource flow of different parts of the resource flow process
 Use/conversion of resources
 Causes of low efficiency of use
 Increasing the efficiency of resource use
 Inspection of resource use plans
 Regulations/licensing requirements
 Determine benefit/cost for alternative resource sources
 Benefit/costs for different alternatives
 Components of proposals
 Criteria on ranking proposals
 Regulatory requirements
 Proposals for improving resource efficiency
 Implementation of resource efficiency plans
 Procedures in monitor implementation
 Adjustments of implementation plan
 Inspection of new resource usage
EVIDENCE GUIDE
1. Critical Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:

Aspects of 1.1 Controlled environmental hazard
Competency 1.2 Controlled environmental pollution
©TVETCDACC 2019 38
1.3 Demonstrated sustainable resource use
1.4 Evaluated current practices in relation to resource usage
1.5 Demonstrated knowledge of environmental legislations and local
ordinances according to the different environmental issues
/concerns.
1.6 Described industrial standard environmental practices according to
the different environmental issues/concerns.
1.7 Resolved problems/ constraints encountered based on
management standard procedures
1.8 Implemented and monitored environmental practices on a periodic
basis as per company guidelines
1.9 Recommended solutions for the improvement of the program
1.10 Monitored and reported to proper authorities any
environmental incidents
Implications 2.1 Workplace with storage facilities
2.2 Tools, materials and equipment relevant to the tasks (e.g. Cleaning
tools, cleaning materials, trash bags)
2.3 PPE, manuals and references
2.4 Legislation, policies, procedures, protocols and local ordinances
relating to environmental protection
2.5 Case studies/scenarios relating to environmental Protection
3 Methods of Competency in this unit may be assessed through:
Assessment 3.1 Demonstration
3.2 Oral questioning
3.3 Written examination
3.4 Interview/Third Party Reports
3.5 Portfolio (citations/awards from GOs and NGOs, certificate of
training – local and abroad)
3.6 Simulations and role-play
4 Context of Competency may be assessed on the job, off the job or a combination
Assessment of these. Off the job assessment must be undertaken in a closely
simulated workplace environment.
5 Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry sector,
assessment
©TVETCDACC 2019 39
DEMONSTRATE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH PRACTICES
UNIT CODE: APB/OS/AB/BC/07/6
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit specifies the competencies required to lead the implementation of workplace’s safety and
health program, procedures and policies/guidelines.
outcomes which make up level of performance for each of the elements.
workplace function. Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range
1. Identify workplace hazards 1.1 Hazards in the workplace and/or its indicators of its
and risk presence, are identified
1.2 Evaluation and/or work environment measurements of
OSH hazards/risk existing in the workplace is conducted
by
Authorized personnel or agency
1.3 OSH issues and/or concerns raised by workers are
Gathered
2. Identify and implement 2.1 Prevention and control measures, including use of
appropriate control safety gears / PPE (personal protective equipment) for
measures specific hazards
identified and implemented
2.2 Appropriate risk controls based on result of OSH hazard
evaluation is recommended.
2.3 Contingency measures, including emergency procedures
during workplace incidents and emergencies are
recognized and established in accordance with
organization procedures.
3. Implement OSH programs, 3.1 Information to work team about company OSH program,
procedures and policies/ procedures and policies/guidelines are provided
guidelines 3.2 Implementation of OSH procedures and policies/
guidelines are participated
3.3 Team members are trained and advised on OSH standards
and procedures
3.4 Procedures for maintaining OSH-related records are
implemented
©TVETCDACC 2019 40
RANGE
Variable Range
 Hazards include but .1 Physical hazards – impact, illumination, pressure, noise,
are not limited to: vibration, extreme temperature, radiation
1.1 Biological hazards- bacteria, viruses, plants, parasites,
mites, molds, fungi, insects
1.2 Chemical hazards – dusts, fibers, mists, fumes, smoke,
gasses, vapors
1.3 Ergonomics Psychological factors – over exertion/
excessive force, awkward/static positions, fatigue, direct
pressure, varying metabolic cycles
1.4 Physiological factors – monotony, personal relationship,
work out cycle
1.5 Safety hazards (unsafe workplace condition) -confined
space, excavations, falling objects, gas leaks, electrical,
poor storage of materials and waste, spillage, waste and
debris
1.6 Unsafe workers’ act (Smoking in off-limited areas,
Substance and alcohol abuse at work)
 Indicators include but 2.1 Increased of incidents of accidents, injuries
are not limited to: 2.2 Increased occurrence of sickness or health complaints/
symptoms
2.3 Common complaints of workers related to OSH
2.4 High absenteeism for work-related reasons
 Evaluation and/or 3.1 Health Audit
work environment 3.2 Safety Audit
measurements include 3.3 Work Safety and Health Evaluation
but are not limited to: 3.4 Work Environment Measurements of Physical and
Chemical Hazards
 OSH issues and/or 4.1 Workers’ experience/observance on presence of work
concerns include but hazards
are not limited to: 4.2 Unsafe/unhealthy administrative arrangements (prolonged
work hours, no break time, constant overtime, scheduling of
tasks)
4.3 Reasons for compliance/non-compliance to use of PPEs or
other OSH procedures/policies/guidelines
©TVETCDACC 2019 41
 Prevention and control 5.1 Eliminate the hazard (i.e., get rid of the dangerous
measures include but machine
are not limited to: 5.2 Isolate the hazard (i.e. keep the machine in a closed
room and operate it remotely; barricade an unsafe area off)
5.3 Substitute the hazard with a safer alternative (i.e.,
replace the machine with a safer one)
5.4 Use administrative controls to reduce the risk (i.e. give
trainings on how to use equipment safely; OSH-related topics,
issue warning signages, rotation/shifting work schedule)
5.5 Use engineering controls to reduce the risk (i.e. use
safety guards to machine)
5.6 Use personal protective equipment
5.7 Safety, Health and Work Environment Evaluation
5.8 Periodic and/or special medical examinations of
workers
 Safety gears /PPE 6.1 Arm/Hand guard, gloves
(Personal Protective 6.2 Eye protection (goggles, shield)
Equipment) include 6.3 Hearing protection (ear muffs, ear plugs)
but are not limited to: 6.4 Hair Net/cap/bonnet
6.5 Hard hat
6.6 Face protection (mask, shield)
6.7 Apron/Gown/coverall/jump suit
6.8 Anti-static suits
High-visibility reflective vest
 Appropriate risk Appropriate risk controls in order of impact are as follows:
controls 7.1 Eliminate the hazard altogether (i.e., get rid of the
dangerous machine)
7.2 Isolate the hazard from anyone who could be harmed (i.e.,
keep the machine in a closed room and operate it remotely;
barricade an unsafe area off)
7.3 Substitute the hazard with a safer alternative (i.e., replace
the machine with a safer one)
7.4 Use administrative controls to reduce the risk (i.e., train
workers how to use equipment safely; train workers about the
risks of harassment; issue signage)
7.5 Use engineering controls to reduce the risk (i.e., attach
guards to the machine to protect users)
7.6 Use personal protective equipment (i.e., wear
gloves and goggles when using the machine)
©TVETCDACC 2019 42
 Contingency measures 8.1 Evacuation
include but are not 8.2 Isolation
limited to: 8.3 Decontamination
8.4 (Calling designed) emergency personnel
 Emergency procedures 9.1 Fire drill
include but are not 9.2 Earthquake drill
limited to: 9.3 Basic life support/CPR
9.4 First aid
9.5 Spillage control
9.6 Decontamination of chemical and toxic
9.7 Disaster preparedness/management
9.8 se of fire-extinguisher
 Incidents and 10.1 Chemical spills
emergencies include 10.2 Equipment/vehicle accidents
but are not limited to: 10.3 Explosion
10.4 Fire
10.5 Gas leak
10.6 Injury to personnel
10.7 Structural collapse
10.8 Toxic and/or flammable vapours emission.
 OSH-related Records 11.1 Science/Health records
include but are not 11.2 Incident/accident reports
limited to: 11.3 Sickness notifications/sick leave application
11.4 OSH-related trainings obtained

Required Skills
 Skills on preliminary identification of workplace hazards/risks
 Knowledge management
 Critical thinking skills
 Observation skills
 Coordinating skills
 Troubleshooting skills
©TVETCDACC 2019 43
 Presentation skills
 Training skills
Required Knowledge
 General OSH Principles
 Occupational hazards/risks recognition
 OSH organizations providing services on OSH evaluation and/or work environment
measurements (WEM)
 National OSH regulations; company OSH policies and protocols
 Systematic gathering of OSH issues and concerns
 General OSH principles
 National OSH regulations
 Company OSH and recording protocols, procedures and policies/guidelines
 Training and/or counselling methodologies and strategies
EVIDENCE GUIDE
1. Critical Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:

Aspects of 1.1 Identifies hazards/risks in the workplace and/or its indicators
Competency 1.2 Requests for evaluation and/or work environment measurements
of OSH hazards/risk in the workplace
1.3 Gathers OSH issues and/or concerns raised by workers
1.4 Identifies and implements prevention and control measures,
including use of PPE (personal protective equipment) for
specific hazards
1.5 Recommends appropriate risk controls based on result of OSH
hazard evaluation and OSH issues gathered
1.6 Establish contingency measures, including emergency
procedures in accordance with organization procedures
1.7 Provides information to work team about company OSH
program, procedures and policies/guidelines
1.8 Participates in the implementation of OSH procedures and
policies/guidelines
1.9 Trains and advises team members on OSH standards and
procedures
©TVETCDACC 2019 44
1.10 Implements procedures for maintaining OSH-related
records
Implications 2.1 Workplace or assessment location
2.2 OSH personal records
2.3 PPE
2.4 Health records
3. Methods of Competency may be assessed through:
Assessment 3.1 Portfolio Assessment
3.2 Interview
3.3 Case Study/Situation
3.4 Observation/Demonstration and oral questioning
4. Context of Competency may be assessed on the job, off the job or a combination
information workplace and job role is recommended.
for
assessment
©TVETCDACC 2019 45
COMMON UNITS OF COMPETENCY
©TVETCDACC 2019 46
PERFORM ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY STUDIES
UNIT CODE: APB/OS/AB/CC/01/6/A
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit specifies the competencies required to perform anatomy and physiology studies. It
involves demonstrating communication in plants and animals, demonstrating nutrition in plants
and animals and demonstrating transport in plants and animals. It also involves applying support
and locomotion in animals, demonstrating reproduction in plants and animals and demonstrating
excretion in plants and animals.

outcomes which make up level of performance for each of the elements (to be stated in
workplace function (to be passive voice)
stated in active) Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range
1 Demonstrate 1.1 Structure and function of the nervous system is
communication in determined as per anatomical procedures
plants and animals 1.2 Structure and function of the sensory organs are
determined as per anatomical procedures
1.3 Role of endocrine glands in communication is
demonstrated as per anatomical and physiological
procedures
1.4 Plant growth curves are illustrated as per anatomical
procedures
1.5 Plant growth is measured as per anatomical procedures
1.6 Growth zones in plants are observed and drawn as per
anatomical procedures
1.7 Tropic and tactic movements are demonstrated as per
physiological procedures
2 Demonstrate nutrition 2.1 Structure and function of the leaf is identified as per
in plants and animals anatomical procedures
2.2 Photosynthetic process is determined as per physiological
procedures
2.3 Factors affecting photosynthesis are determined as per
2.4 Heterotrophic types of nutrition are determined as per
©TVETCDACC 2019 47
2.5 Digestive enzymes are demonstrated as per physiological
procedures
2.6 Dissection of a laboratory animal is carried out as per
3 Demonstrate transport 3.1 Internal structure of the root and shoot is observed under
in plants and animals the microscope as per laboratory procedures
3.2 Uptake of water and mineral salts in plants is
demonstrated as per laboratory procedures
3.3 Translocation experiments are carried out as per
laboratory procedures
3.4 Blood cells are observed and identified under the
microscope as per laboratory procedures
3.5 Mammalian circulatory system is demonstrated as per
3.6 Organs and tissues of lymphatic system are demonstrated
as per anatomical procedures
3.7 Structures of gaseous exchange in plants and animals
are identified and drawn as per anatomical procedures
3.8 Dissection of a laboratory animal is carried out to
demonstrate transport and gaseous exchange as per
4 Apply support and 4.1 Types of muscles are demonstrated as per anatomical
locomotion in animals procedures
4.2 Types of skeletons are identified as per anatomical
procedures
4.3 Structure and functions of skeletons are demonstrated as
per anatomical procedures
4.4 Structure and functions of joints are demonstrated as per
5 Demonstrate 5.1 Meiosis in plants is observed under the microscope as per

reproduction in plants laboratory procedures
and animals 5.2 Dissection of a flower is carried out to identify floral parts
as per laboratory procedures.
5.3 Various seeds and fruits are identified and drawn as per
anatomical procedures.
©TVETCDACC 2019 48
5.4 Adaptations of seeds and fruits to dispersal is
demonstrated as per anatomical and physiological
procedures
5.5 Reproductive system in animals is demonstrated as per
laboratory procedures.
5.6 Birth control methods are identified according to
medical standards
5.7 Dissection of a laboratory animal is carried out as per
6 Demonstrate excretion 6.1 Products of excretion in plants are collected and identified
in plants and animals as per laboratory procedures
6.2 Mammalian excretory organs are identified as per
6.3 Dissection of a laboratory animal is carried out to
demonstrate excretory organs as per anatomical
procedures
RANGE
VARIABLE RANGE
Structure include but are not  Neuron
limited to:  Central Nervous System (CNS)
 Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Sensory organs include but  Eye
not limited to:  Ear
 Nose
 Tongue
 Skin
©TVETCDACC 2019 49
Endocrine glands include but  Pituitary gland
not limited to:  Hypothalamus
 Pineal gland
 Thyroid gland
 Parathyroid gland
 Pancreas
 Adrenal gland
 Testes
 Ovaries
 Thymus
Factors affecting  Carbon dioxide
photosynthesis include but  Light
not limited to:  Chlorophyll
Digestive enzymes include  Amylase
but not limited to:  Renin
 Pepsin
 Lipase
 Peptidase
 Trypsin
 Sucrase
Blood cells include but not  Red blood cells
limited to:  White blood cells
 Platelets
Organs and tissues of  Thymus
lymphatic system include but  Bone marrow
not limited to:  Spleen
Structures of gaseous  Lungs
exchange in plants and  Gills
animals include but not  Stomata
limited to:  Lenticels
Types of muscles include but  Smooth
not limited to:  Skeletal
 Cardiac
Types of skeletons include  Exoskeleton
but not limited to:  Endoskeleton
 Hydro skeleton
©TVETCDACC 2019 50
Joints include but not limited  Ball and socket
to:  Saddle
 Hinge
Birth control methods  Natural
include but not limited to:  artificial

Required Skills
The individual needs to demonstrate the following skill
 Maintenance
 Communication
 Interpersonal
 Analytical
 Critical thinking
 Problem solving
 First aid
 Innovation
 Creativity
Required Knowledge
 Microscopy
 Cytological techniques
 Cell growth and division
 Histological techniques
 Specimen collection methods
 Storage of specimens
 Tissue processing
©TVETCDACC 2019 51
EVIDENCE GUIDE
1 Critical Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:

Aspects of 1.1 Demonstrated communication in plants and animals
Competency 1.2 Demonstrated nutrition in plants and animals
1.3 Demonstrated transport in plants and animals
1.4 Demonstrated types of muscles
1.5 Identified types of skeletons
1.6 Demonstrated structure and functions of skeletons and joints
1.7 Demonstrated reproduction in plants and animals
1.8 Collected and identified products of excretion in plants
1.9 Identified mammalian excretory organs
1.10 Carried out dissection of laboratory animals to
demonstrate excretory organs
2 Resource The following resources should be provided:
Implications 2.1 Well-equipped biology laboratory facility
2.2 Science laboratory procedures manual
2.3 Laboratory reagents and chemicals
2.4 PPEs
Assessment 3.1 Oral
3.2 Written
3.3 Observation
3.4 Third party
3.5 Practical test
for
assessment
©TVETCDACC 2019 52
APPLY STANDARD LABORATORY PRACTICES
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit specifies the competencies required to apply standard laboratory practices. It involves
Demonstrating laboratory layout and design, maintaining laboratory safety, maintaining
laboratory equipment and apparatus and preparing laboratory reagents and chemicals. It also
includes maintaining laboratory hygiene, preparing laboratory water, carrying out material
control, managing laboratory animals, applying laboratory management and applying glass
blowing techniques.

1. Demonstrate 1.1 Factors affecting laboratory layout and design are identified
laboratory layout and as science per science laboratory requirements
design 1.2 Laboratory fittings and services are identified and
demonstrated as per science laboratory requirements
1.3 Laboratory gas supply is demonstrated as per science
laboratory requirements
1.4 Laboratory ventilation methods are demonstrated as per
science laboratory requirements
2. Maintain laboratory 2.1 Sources of laboratory hazards and risks are identified
safety based on laboratory safety requirements
2.2 Laboratory safety procedures are developed according to
science laboratory standards
2.3 Laboratory hazards are handled in accordance with safety
procedures
2.4 Laboratory chemicals and reagents are handled and stored as
per standard requirements
2.5 Harmful chemicals are identified and handled according to
laboratory safety requirements
2.6 Types of injuries and their treatment are identified and
determined according to standard laboratory safety
©TVETCDACC 2019 53
2.7 First aid procedures are reviewed and updated periodically
according to safety guidelines
3. Maintain science 3.1 Laboratory equipment and apparatus are identified based
laboratory equipment on laboratory analysis requirements
and apparatus 3.2 Preparation of laboratory ware is carried out based on
standard manuals requirements
3.3 Preventive maintenance of laboratory equipment is
undertaken according to standard procedures
4. Prepare laboratory 4.1 Laboratory reagents are determined according to science
reagents and laboratory tests and standard procedures
chemicals 4.2 Methods of preparation are identified and used based on
standard procedures
4.3 Personal protective equipment is selected and used as per
laboratory safety requirements
4.4 Laboratory reagents and chemicals are used and stored
according to manufacturer’s instruction and standard
requirements
4.5 Records are kept and maintained based on standard
requirements
5. Maintain laboratory 5.1 Laboratory working areas, benches and equipment are
hygiene routinely decontaminated and cleaned according to set
5.2 Laboratory wastes are segregated and disposed as per
standard procedures
5.3 Laboratory records are kept and maintained according to
standard laboratory procedures
6. Prepare laboratory 6.1 Water sources are identified as per science laboratory
water requirements
6.2 Methods of water treatment are identified as per the
standard procedures
6.3 Water treatment is carried out as per the standard procedures
7. Carry out material 7.1 Types of stores are identified and demonstrated as per
control science laboratory procedures
7.2 Purchasing methods are identified as per science laboratory
procedures
7.3 Purchasing documents are identified and demonstrated as
per science laboratory procedures
7.4 Inventories are identified and demonstrated as per science
©TVETCDACC 2019 54
7.5 Stocktaking is carried out as per science laboratory
procedures
7.6 Laboratory store documents are identified and used
appropriately according to science laboratory requirements
8. Manage laboratory 8.1 Laboratory animals housing and caging is identified and
animals demonstrated as per animal requirements
8.2 Handling of laboratory animals is carried out according to
laboratory animal type
8.3 Sexing and breeding of laboratory animals is carried out
according to laboratory animal type
8.4 Use of anaesthetics is demonstrated according
pharmacological principles
8.5 Humane killing methods are demonstrated as per laboratory
animal procedures
8.6 Animal carcass disposal methods are demonstrated
according to science laboratory procedures
9. Apply laboratory 9.1 Laboratory management principles are identified according
management management principles
9.2 Functions of laboratory management are identified and
demonstrated as per management procedures
9.3 Role of a laboratory manager is demonstrated as per science
laboratory requirements
10. Apply glass blowing 10.1 Types of laboratory glass are identified as per science
techniques laboratory requirements
10.2 Glass blowing safety measures are observed as per
science laboratory requirements
10.3 Glass blowing tools and equipment are identified and
used as per science laboratory requirements
10.4 Glass apparatus of different sizes and shapes are
produced as per science laboratory procedures
©TVETCDACC 2019 55
RANGE
VARIABLE RANGE
Factors include but not limited to:  Available capital
 Number of laboratory users
 Use of the laboratory
Laboratory fittings and services Fittings
include but not limited to:  Benches
 Lab stools
 Sinks
 Fume chamber
Services
 Water
 Electricity
 Gas
Laboratory ventilation methods  Artificial ventilation
include but not limited to:  Natural ventilation
Sources of laboratory  Operational hazards
hazards and risks  Fire
include but not limited to:  Electrical hazards
 Chemical
o Corrosiveness
o Carcinogens
o Radioactive
o Inflammable
o Fuming
o Poisons
o Explosives
 Biological hazards
o Microbes
o Poisonous plants
o Poisonous animals
©TVETCDACC 2019 56
Laboratory safety  Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs)
includes but not limited to:  Proper handling
 Proper choice of glass
 Flame polishing
 Acid dilution procedures
 Laboratory rules
 Regular checks of regulating devices, gauges and
valves
 Proper storage of chemicals
 Precautions against naked flames
 Firefighting materials and equipment
 Proper handling of potentially explosive chemicals
 Proper storage of radioactive materials
 Proper wiring
 Good housekeeping
o General cleanliness
o Personal cleanliness
Laboratory equipment and  Glass slides
apparatus includes but not limited  Test tubes
to:  Microscope
 Microtome
 Centrifuge
 Autoclave
 Safety devices
 Refrigerators
 Freezers
 Incubators
Preparation of laboratory ware  Cleaning
includes but not limited to: o Physical
o Chemical
o Biological
 Drying
©TVETCDACC 2019 57
Preventive maintenance includes  Cleaning
but not limited to: o Dusting
o Wiping
 Lubrication
 Storage
 Oiling and greasing
Laboratory reagents  Molar solutions
include but not limited to:  Normal solutions
 Part per million
 Percentage solutions
 Fixatives
Methods of water treatment  Sedimentation
include but not limited to:  Filtration
 Distillation
 De- ionization
 Reverse osmosis
Types of stores include but not  Main stores
limited to:  Central stores
 Departmental stores
Purchasing methods include but not  Centralized
limited to:  Departmental
Purchasing documents include but  Quotation
not limited to:  Catalogues
 Letter of inquiry
 Local purchase order
 Delivery note
 Invoice
Laboratory store documents  Bin cards
include but not limited to:  Location cards
Use of anaesthetics include but not  Local anaesthetics
limited to:  General anaesthetics
©TVETCDACC 2019 58
Humane killing methods include Chemical methods
but not limited to:  Carbon dioxide gas
 Overdose of chloroform
 Overdose of di ethyl ether
Physical methods
 Stunning
 Pithing
 Beheading
 Cervical dislocation
 Gunshot
Disposal methods include but not  Incineration
limited to:  Burying
Management principles include but  Unity of command
not limited to:  Scalar chain
 Delegation of authority
 Organization structure
Functions of laboratory  Staffing
management include but not  Coordinating
limited to:  Planning
Types of laboratory glass includes  Soda glass
but not limited to:  Pyrex glass
 Borosilicate glass
Glass blowing tools and equipment  Diamond glass cutter
include but not limited to:  Iron wire
 Rimming, bordering and flaring tools
 Carbon plate
 Annealing oven
Glass blowing safety measures  Eye shield
include but not limited to:  Asbestos gloves
 Laboratory coat
Glass apparatus includes but not  Centre bulb tube
limited to:  End bulb tube
 Y shaped tube
 T shaped tube
©TVETCDACC 2019 59
Required Skills
 Technical
 Maintenance
 Computer
 First aid
 Communication
 Observation
 Problem solving
Required Knowledge
 Laboratory ware and equipment maintenance
 Science laboratory safety
 Laboratory safety designs
 Laboratory waste disposal
 Management
 Laboratory ethical standards
 Good laboratory practices
 Record maintenance
 Laboratory hygiene
 Laboratory animals
 Laboratory layout and design
 Material control
EVIDENCE GUIDE
1. Critical Assessment requires evidence that the candidate

Aspects of 1.1 Identified factors affecting laboratory design
Competency 1.2 Identified and demonstrated laboratory fittings and services
1.3 Identified laboratory ventilation
1.4 Identified sources of laboratory hazards and risks
©TVETCDACC 2019 60
1.5 Handled laboratory hazards, chemicals and reagents
1.6 Identified and determined injuries and their treatment
1.7 Identified and maintained laboratory equipment and apparatus
1.8 Prepared laboratory chemicals and reagents
1.9 Applied material control procedures
1.10 Prepared laboratory water
1.11 Maintained laboratory store documents
1.12 Managed laboratory animals
1.13 Applied laboratory management principles
1.14 Applied glassblowing techniques
Implications 2.1 Well-equipped functional laboratory facility
2.2 Standard laboratory procedures manual
2.3 Laboratory ware and equipment
2.5 Computer
2.6 PPEs
Assessment 3.1 Oral
3.2 Written
3.3 Observation
3.4 Third party
3.5 Practical
4. Context of Competency may be assessed on the job, off the job or a combination of
Assessment these. Off the job assessment must be undertaken in a closely simulated
workplace environment.
for
assessment
©TVETCDACC 2019 61
CARRY OUT MICROSCOPY
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit specifies the competencies required to carry out microscopy. It involves applying types
of microscopy, determining parts of a microscope, carrying out micrometry and carrying out care
and maintenance of microscopes
workplace function. Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range
1. Apply types of 1.1 Bright field microscopy is identified and demonstrated as per
microscopy science laboratory procedure
1.2 Dark field microscopy is demonstrated as per science
1.3 Fluorescent microscopy is demonstrated as per science
1.4 Electron microscopy is demonstrated as per science laboratory
procedures
1.5 Digital microscope is identified and demonstrated as per
science laboratory procedures
2. Determine parts of a 2.1 Occular parts are identified and demonstrated as per science
microscope laboratory procedures
2.2 Mechanical parts are identified and demonstrated as per
2.3 Handling of a microscope is carried out as per science
3. Carry out micrometry 3.1 Specimen preparation is carried out as per science laboratory
procedures
3.2 Microscopic observation of the specimen is carried out as per
3.3 Micrometry of the prepared specimen is carried out as per
©TVETCDACC 2019 62
4. Carry out care and 4.1 Microscopes are dusted and cleaned as per science laboratory
maintenance of requirements
microscopes 4.2 Microscopes are lubricated as per science laboratory
requirements
4.3 Microscopes are stored according to science laboratory
requirements
4.4 Microscopes are regularly calibrated based on science
laboratory standards.
RANGE
Variables Range
Occular parts include but not  Eye piece lenses
limited to:  Objective lenses
Mechanical parts include but  Stage
not limited to:  Mechanical adjustment knobs
 Coarse adjustment knobs
 Fine adjustment knobs
Micrometry include but not  Use of a graticule
limited to:  Use of micrometer stage
 Use of a ruler

Required Skills
 Organizing skills
 Problem solving
©TVETCDACC 2019 63
Required Knowledge
 Care and maintenance of microscopes

 Parts of a microscope
 Micrometry
 Types of microscopes
EVIDENCE GUIDE

Competency 1.1 Identified the types of microscopes
1.2 Demonstrated the parts of a microscope
1.3 Carried out micrometry
1.4 Dusted and cleaned a microscope
1.5 Lubricated microscopes
1.6 Covered and stored microscopes
1.7 Regularly calibrated microscopes
Implications 2.1 Well-equipped functional laboratory facility
2.2 Standard laboratory procedures manual
2.3 Micrometry apparatus
2.4 PPEs
Assessment 3.1 Oral
3.2 Written
3.3 Observation
3.4 Third party
4. Context of Competency may be assessed on the job, off the job or a
Assessment combination of these. Off the job assessment must be undertaken
in a closely simulated workplace environment.
assessment
©TVETCDACC 2019 64
CONDUCT LABORATORY RESEARCH
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit specifies the competencies required to conduct laboratory research. It involves
preparing for laboratory research, carrying out laboratory research and analyzing the laboratory
research findings. It also includes documenting and disseminating laboratory research findings.

ELEMENT
These describe the key outcomes
required level of performance for each of the elements (to
which make up workplace
be stated in passive voice)
function (to be stated in active)
1. Prepare for laboratory 1.1 Laboratory research problem is identified based on
research science laboratory practices
1.2 Research objectives are developed according to
research problem
1.3 Research questions are designed based on
research problem
1.4 Research conceptual framework is developed in
accordance with the research methodology
1.5 Research theoretical framework is established in
accordance with the research methodology
1.6 Research proposal is developed
2. Carry out laboratory 2.1 Scope is determined in accordance with research
research problem and research protocols
2.2 Sample size is determined based on the research
methodology
2.3 Sampling techniques are determined in
accordance with scope and research
methodology
2.4 Research materials are identified based on scope
and research methodology
2.5 Data collection is undertaken in accordance with
©TVETCDACC 2019 65
research methodology
3. Analyze laboratory research 3.1 Standard data analytical methods are
findings identified according to standard statistical
requirements
3.2 Validity and reliability are determined in
accordance to research methods
3.3 Ethical considerations are determined based on
research methods utilized
3.4 Data analysis techniques are determined in
accordance with data collected
4. Document the laboratory 4.1 Process of research is documented in accordance
research process and with research protocols
findings 4.2 Conclusions and recommendations of the study are
provided based on the research findings
4.3 Research report is compiled in accordance with
research protocols
5. Disseminate laboratory 5.1 Stakeholders in science research are determined in
research accordance with the research purpose
5.2 Appropriate methods for dissemination are
determined as per dissemination protocols
RANGE
VARIABLE RANGE
Conceptual framework includes but not  Analytical tool
limited to:  A diagram that shows causes
and effects of a problem
 Diagram that shows relationship
between independent and dependent
variables
©TVETCDACC 2019 66
Theoretical framework includes but not  Structure that can hold or support
limited to: a theory of a research study.
 Introduces and describes the theory
 Identification of theories that relate
to a research problem
 Context for explaining a problem
Scope includes but not limited  Information or subject being analyzed
to: o Objectives of the research
o Time frame of the research
o Constraints of the research
 Explanation of limitation of the research
Sampling techniques include but not  Probability

limited to:  Non-probability
 Stratified
 Random
 Cluster
 Multistage
Dissemination protocols include but not  Organizational procedures
limited to:  Principles of dissemination
 Ethical considerations in
dissemination

Required Skills
 Analytical
 Communication
 Computer
 Creativity
 Critical
 Data collection
 Decision making
 Dissemination
©TVETCDACC 2019 67
 Observation
 Problem identification
 Problem solving
 Report writing
 Statistical
Required Knowledge
 Introduction to research
 Types of research
 Purposes of research
 Basic terms in research
 Problem identification
 Literature review
 Research design
 Data collection and analysis
 Research materials
 Research proposal
 Research report
EVIDENCE GUIDE
1 Critical Aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:

Competency 1.1 Prepared for science laboratory research
1.2 Determined research problem
1.3 Determined the objectives of the research
1.5 Determined the sample population
1.6 Identified research materials
1.7 Determined validity and reliability of the study
1.8 Determined data analysis techniques
1.9 Compiled the research report
1.10 Disseminated science laboratory research findings
1.11 Demonstrated understanding of science laboratory
research
Implications 2.1 Workstation
©TVETCDACC 2019 68
2.2 Reporting tools
2.3 Stationery
2.4 Data analysis tools
2.5 PPEs
Assessment 3.1 Oral
3.2 Observation
3.3 Written
3.4 Third party report
3.5 Case study
4 Context of Competency may be assessed on the job, off the job or a
Assessment combination of these. Off the job assessment must be undertaken
in a closely simulated workplace environment.
5 Guidance information Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry sector,
for assessment workplace and job role is recommended.
©TVETCDACC 2019 69
CORE UNITS OF COMPETENCY
©TVETCDACC 2019 70
CARRY OUT CYTOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES
UNIT CODE: APB/OS/AB/CR/01/6/A
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit specifies the competencies required to carry out cytological and histological
techniques. It involves applying cell biology and applying cell division and growth. It also
involves carrying out specimen collection and processing tissue samples.

1 Apply cell biology 1.1 Plant and animal cell structure is demonstrated as per
1.2 Solutions and apparatus for cell physiology are prepared
according to laboratory procedures
1.3 Cell physiological processes are carried out using animal
and plant tissues as per laboratory procedures
2 Apply cell division 2.1 Mitosis in plants and animals is demonstrated as per
and growth laboratory manual procedures
2.2 Meiosis in animal cells is demonstrated as per laboratory
manual procedures
3 Carry out specimen 3.1 Live and dead plant and animal specimens are collected
collection as per laboratory procedures
3.2 Live and dead plant and animal specimens are labelled as
per laboratory procedures
3.3 Storage of specimen is carried out as per laboratory
procedures
3.4 Fresh tissue preparations are carried out for microscopic
examination as per laboratory
4 Process tissue samples 4.1 Chemical fixation of tissues is carried out as per
4.2 Tissue processing is carried out based on laboratory
procedures
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4.3 Tissue sectioning is carried out as per laboratory
procedures
4.4 Staining of sections is carried out as per laboratory
procedures
4.5 Mounting of sections is carried out based on laboratory
procedures
RANGE
VARIABLE RANGE
Solutions and apparatus Solutions
include but are not limited  Hypotonic solutions
to:  Hypertonic solutions
 Isotonic solutions
Apparatus
 Visking tubings
 Semi permeable membrane
 Glass wares
 Cork borers
 Rulers
Cell physiological processes  Osmosis
include but are not limited  Diffusion
to:  Active transport
 Phagocytosis
 Pinocytosis
Animal and plant tissues  Red blood cells
include but not limited to:  Onion epidermal cells
 Potato tubers
Fresh tissue preparations  Squash
include but not limited to:  Touch (impression)
 Apposition
 Teased preparation
Chemical fixation includes  Simple fixatives
but not limited to:  Compound fixatives
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Tissue processing includes  Dehydration
but not limited to:  Clearing
 Impregnation
 Embedding
Tissue sectioning includes  Rotary microtomes
but not limited to:  Freezing microtomes
 Floating bath
 Use of adhesives
Staining of sections include  Preparation of stains
but not limited to:  Staining procedures
o Papanicoloau staining
o Haematoxyllin eosin
Mounting of sections  Use of mountants
includes but not limited to: o Resinous mountants
o Aqueous mountants

Required Skills
 Maintenance
 Communication
 Interpersonal
 Analytical
 Problem solving
 First aid
 Innovation
 Creativity
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Required Knowledge
 Tissue processing
EVIDENCE GUIDE

Aspects of 1.1 Demonstrated plants and animal cell structure
Competency 1.2 Prepared solutions and apparatus for cell physiology
1.3 Carried out cell physiological processes
1.4 Demonstrated mitosis in plants and animals
1.5 Demonstrated meiosis in animal cells
1.6 Collected and labelled and stored live and dead plant and
animal specimens
1.7 Prepared fresh tissue for microscopic examination
1.8 Carried out chemical fixation of tissues
1.9 Carried out tissue processing and sectioning
1.10 Carried out staining and mounting of sections
Implications 2.1 Well-equipped biology laboratory
2.2 Laboratory procedures manual
2.3 Histological reagents and chemicals
2.4 PPEs
Assessment 3.1 Oral
3.2 Written
3.3 Observation
3.4 Third party
3.5 Practical test
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for
assessment
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CARRY OUT MICROBIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit specifies the competencies required to carry out microbiological techniques. It involves
carrying out safety and sterilization, performing culture and bacteria identification, carrying out
specimen collection, carrying out antibiotic sensitivity testing and applying food and water
microbiology. It also involves applying industrial microbiology, performing mycological
techniques and performing virology techniques.

ELEMENT
These describe the key outcomes
required level of performance for each of the elements
which make up workplace function
(to be stated in passive voice)
(to be stated in active)
1 Carry out safety and sterilization 1.1 Classes of laboratories are determined as per World
Health Organization codes of practice
1.2 Laboratory acquired infections are determined as per
1.3 Safety precautions in the laboratory are adhered to
based on laboratory procedures
1.4 Sterilization methods are determined as per
1.5 Sterilization is carried out as per laboratory
procedures
1.6 Sterility indicators are identified as per laboratory
procedures
2 Perform culture and bacteria 2.1 Bacterial growth requirements are determined as
identification per laboratory procedures
2.2 Types of culture media are identified as per
laboratory procedure
2.3 Media preparation is carried out as per laboratory
procedures
2.4 Inoculation methods are determined as per
microbiological procedures
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2.5 Inoculation is carried out based on microbiological
procedures
2.6 Bacterial identification is carried out as per
3 Carry out specimen collection 3.1 Types of specimen are identified as per laboratory
procedures
3.2 Specimen is collected based on laboratory
procedures
3.3 Specimen processing is carried out as per laboratory
procedures
3.4 Microscopic examination is carried out as per
4 Carry out antibiotic sensitivity 4.1 Classes of antibiotics are identified as per
testing microbiological procedures
4.2 Antibiotic sensitivity testing techniques are carried
out as per microbiological procedures
4.3 Methods of bacterial enumeration are determined as
per microbiological procedures
4.4 Bacterial enumeration is carried out based on
5 Apply food and water 5.1 Water sampling methods are identified as per
microbiology microbiological procedures
5.2 Water sampling is carried out as per microbiological
procedures
5.3 Causes of water pollution are identified as per
5.4 Water treatment is carried out as per microbiological
procedures
5.5 Sewage treatment is carried out according to
5.6 Analysis of bacteria in food and water is carried out
based on microbiological procedures
5.7 Food preservation methods are determined as per
6 Apply industrial microbiology 6.1 Industrial micro-organisms are determined as per
6.2 Food production processes are carried out as per
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6.3 Bio-gas production is carried out as per
6.4 Biodegradation is carried out as per laboratory
procedures
7 Perform mycological techniques 7.1 Classification of fungi is determined as per
7.2 Growth requirements are determined as per
7.3 Culture and identification of fungi is carried out as
per microbiological procedures
7.4 Mycotoxins are extracted and identified as per
8 Perform virology techniques 8.1 Classification of viruses is determined as per
8.2 Structure of viruses is determined as per
8.3 Animal viral diseases are identified as per
8.4 Viral diagnostic techniques are carried out as per
RANGE
VARIABLE RANGE
Sterilization methods include but  Dry heat

are not limited to:  Moist heat
 Radiation
 Chemicals
Sterility indicators include but are  Autoclave tape
not limited to:  Brownie’s tube
 Biological control
Bacterial growth requirements  Nutrition
include but are not limited to:  Gaseous
 Temperature
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Types of culture media include but  Solid
are not limited to:  Liquid
 Basal
 Enriched
 Selective
 Differential
 Transport
 Storage
Inoculation methods include but are  Streaking
not limited to:  Stubbing
 Pour plate
 Slopes
 Deep culture
Bacterial identification includes but  Staining
are not limited to:  Cultural characteristics
 Biochemical tests
Types of specimen includes but are  Pus
not limited to:  Blood
 Urine
 Stool
 Swabs
Specimen processing includes but  Dilution
are not limited to:  Culture
Sensitivity testing techniques  Disc diffusion

includes but are not limited to:  Dilution methods
Methods of bacterial enumeration  Most probable number

include but not limited to:  Tally counters
Food production processes include  Yoghurt making
but not limited to:  Beer making
Biodegradation include but not  Biodeterioration
limited to:  Bio fragmentation
 Assimilation
Classification of viruses include but  RNA
not limited to:  DNA
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Structure of viruses include but not  Nucleic acid
limited to:  Protein coat
Viral diagnostic techniques include  Tissue culture
but not limited to:  Cell monolayers
 Microscopy

Required Skills
 Maintenance
 Communication
 Interpersonal
 Analytical
 Problem solving
 First aid
 Innovation
 Creativity
Required Knowledge
 Sterilization
 Safety
 Culture media
 Viruses
 Fungi
 Bacteria
 Water treatment
 Sewage treatment
 Fermentation
 Nucleic acids
 Antibiotics
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EVIDENCE GUIDE
1 Critical Aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:

Competency 1.1 Carried out safety and sterilization
1.2 Performed culture and bacteria identification
1.3 Carried out specimen collection and processing
1.4 Carried out antibiotic sensitivity testing
1.5 Applied food and water microbiology
1.6 Applied industrial microbiology
1.7 Performed mycological techniques
1.8 Performed virology techniques
Implications 2.1 Functional microbiology laboratory
2.2 Functional laboratory apparatus, equipment and materials
2.3 Microbiology laboratory manuals
2.4 PPEs
Assessment 3.1 Oral
3.2 Written
3.3 Observation
3.5 Practical test
4 Context of Competency may be assessed on the job, off the job or a
Assessment combination of these. Off the job assessment must be
undertaken in a closely simulated workplace environment.
5 Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry
information for sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
assessment
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PERFORM TAXONOMIC STUDIES
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit specifies the competencies required to perform taxonomic studies. It involves applying
principles of classification, carrying out kingdom monera survey, carrying out kingdom protista
survey and carrying out kingdom fungi survey. It also involves carrying out kingdom animalia
survey, carrying out kingdom plantae survey and carrying out construction of a dichotomous
key.

1 Apply principles of 1.1 Specimens are collected as per laboratory procedures
classification 1.2 Specimens are classified according to binomial
nomenclature
2 Carry out kingdom 2.1 General characteristics of organisms are identified as per
monera survey taxonomic classification system.
2.2 Sub groups of kingdom monera are identified as per
taxonomic classification system.
2.3 Classification of kingdom monera is carried out based on
2.4 Prepared slides are observed under the microscope as per
2.5 Economic importance of kingdom monera is determined
as per their uses
protista survey taxonomic classification system
3.2 Sub groups of kingdom protista are identified as per
taxonomic classification system
3.3 Specimens are collected, classified and identified
according to taxonomic classification system.
3.4 Prepared slides are observed under the microscope as per
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3.5 Economic importance of kingdom protista is determined
as per their uses.
4 Carry out kingdom fungi 4.1 General characteristics of organisms are identified as per
survey taxonomic classification system
4.2 Sub groups of kingdom fungi are identified as per
4.4 Economic importance of kingdom fungi is determined as
per their uses.
animalia survey taxonomic classification system.
5.2 Sub groups of kingdom animalia are identified as per
6 Carry out kingdom plantae 6.1 General characteristics of organisms are identified as per
survey taxonomic procedures
6.2 Sub groups of kingdom plantae are identified as per
taxonomic procedures
7 Carry out construction of a 7.1 Dichotomous keys are constructed based on observable
dichotomous key characteristics
7.2 Organisms are identified using dichotomous keys
RANGE
VARIABLE RANGE
Classification of kingdom Classified according to
monera includes but not  Morphology
limited to:  Air requirements
 pH requirements
 Temperature requirements
 Nutrients requirements
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Economic importance  Clinical
includes but not limited to:  Industrial
 Food
 Water

Required Skills
 Maintenance
 Communication
 Interpersonal
 Analytical
 Observation
 Problem solving
 First aid
 Innovation
 Creativity
Required Knowledge
 Microscopy
 Binomial nomenclature
 Classification systems
 Hierarchy of classification
EVIDENCE GUIDE

Aspects of 1.1 Collected and classified specimens
Competency 1.2 Carried out kingdom monera survey
1.3 Carried out kingdom protista survey
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1.4 Carried out kingdom fungi survey
1.5 Carried out kingdom animalia survey
1.6 Carried out kingdom plantae survey
1.7 Identified general characteristics of organisms
1.8 Determined economic importance of kingdom monera, kingdom
Protista and kingdom fungi
1.9 Constructed a dichotomous key

2.2 Biology laboratory procedures manual
2.4 PPEs
Assessment 3.1 Oral
3.2 Written
3.3 Observation
3.4 Third party
3.5 Practical test
for
assessment
©TVETCDACC 2019 85
APPLY HERBARIUM, MUSEUM, AQUARIUM AND VIVARIUM TECHNIQUES
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit specifies the competencies required to apply herbarium, museum, aquarium and
vivarium techniques. It involves carrying out herbarium techniques and carrying out museum
techniques. It also involves carrying out aquarium techniques, applying aquaculture techniques
and carrying out vivarium techniques.

1 Carry out herbarium 1.1 A plant presser is constructed as per herbarium
techniques requirements
1.2 Plant specimens are collected as per herbarium
requirements
1.3 Plants are pressed and dried as per herbarium procedures
1.4 Preservation and mounting of herbarium specimen are
carried out according to herbarium procedures
1.5 Plant specimens are classified according to taxonomic
classification system
1.6 Plant specimens are filed and maintained as per herbarium
procedures
2 Carry out museum 2.1 Specimen for museum work are identified as per museum
techniques procedures.
2.2 Museum specimens are collected as per museum
requirements
2.3 Museum specimens are prepared as per museum
requirements
2.4 Preservation of museum specimen is carried out
according to museum procedures
2.5 Museum specimens are classified according to taxonomic

classification system
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2.6 Museum specimens are maintained as per museum
procedures
3 Carry out aquarium 3.1 Components of an aquarium are identified as per
techniques aquarium requirements
3.2 An aquarium is set up as per aquarium requirements
3.3 Aquarium organisms are introduced in the aquarium as
per aquarium requirements
3.4 Management of an aquarium is carried out as per
aquarium requirements
4 Apply aquaculture 4.1 Construction of a fish pond is carried out based on site
techniques requirements
4.2 Introduction of fish into the fish pond is carried out based
on fish family
4.3 Fish feeding is carried out as per fish family requirements
4.4 Fish breeding is carried out based on fish species
4.5 Fish are harvested as per fishing requirements
4.6 Fish diseases are managed based on fish health
requirements
5 Carry out vivarium 5.1 Construction of vivarium is carried out based on type of
techniques organism.
5.2 Introduction of organisms is carried out based on type of
vivarium.
5.3 Vivarium diseases are identified based on organism health
requirements.
5.4 Management of vivarium is done based on type of
vivarium.
RANGE
VARIABLE RANGE
Museum specimens includes but not  Zoological
limited to:  Botanical
 Pathological
 Pre-clinical
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Preservation includes but not limited to:  Fluid
 Dry
 Treatment after preservation
Components of an aquarium include but  Air pump
not limited to:  Substrate
 Thermometer
 Aquatic plants
 Filter
 Heater
 Decoration
Management of an aquarium include but  Feeding of fish
not limited to:  Hygiene
 Temperature regulation
Introduction of fish includes but not Fingerlings are introduced by use of
limited to:  Nets
 Containers
Fish feeding includes but not limited to:  Dried stuff
 Live foods

Required Skills
 Communication
 Analytical
 Maintenance
 Problem solving
 Technical
 Observation
 Interpretation
 Measurement
Required Knowledge
 Aquarium techniques
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 Museum techniques
 Herbarium techniques
 Aquaculture techniques
 Vivarium techniques
EVIDENCE GUIDE

Aspects of 1.1 Constructed a plant presser
Competency 1.2 Collected plants specimens
1.3 Pressed and dried plants
1.4 Preserved and mounted herbarium specimens
1.5 Classified, filed and maintained plant specimens
1.6 Collected, prepared, preserved, classified and maintained museum
specimens
1.7 Identified components of an aquarium
1.8 Set up an aquarium and introduced organisms in the aquarium
1.9 Managed an aquarium
1.10 Constructed a fish pond and introduced fish to the pond
1.11 Carried out fish feeding and breeding
1.12 Harvested fish
1.13 Managed fish diseases
1.14 Constructed a vivarium and introduced organisms in the
vivarium
1.15 Managed a vivarium

Implications 2.1 Well functional biology laboratory
2.2 Workshop tools
2.3 Laboratory chemicals and reagents
2.4 Biology laboratory manuals
2.5 PPEs
Assessment 3.1 Oral
3.2 Written
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3.4 Observation
3.5 Practical test
for
assessment
©TVETCDACC 2019 90
CARRY OUT ECOLOGICAL AND SOIL STUDIES
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit specifies the competencies required to carry out ecological and soil studies. It involves
applying ecological principles, applying population ecology, carrying out aquatic studies,
carrying out terrestrial studies and applying soil formation. It also involves carrying out soil
science and applying environmental conservation.

1 Apply ecological 1.1 Abiotic and biotic factors are identified as per ecological
principles principles
1.2 Abiotic and biotic factors are measured as per ecological
principles
1.3 Food chains and food webs are constructed based on type
of ecosystem
1.4 Ecological pyramids are constructed based on type of
ecosystem
2 Apply population ecology 2.1 Population estimation methods are determined based on
the type of organisms
2.2 Population size estimation is carried out based on
ecological principles
2.3 Population dynamics are determined based on type of
organism
3 Carry out aquatic studies 3.1 Types of aquatic ecosystems are determined based on
water quality
3.2 Aquatic organisms are collected and identified based on
the type of ecosystem
3.3 Adaptive features of aquatic organisms are identified
based on their observable features
4 Carry out terrestrial 4.1 Types of terrestrial ecosystems are determined based on
studies water quality
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4.2 Terrestrial organisms are collected and identified based
on the type of ecosystem
4.3 Adaptive features of terrestrial organisms are identified
based on their observable features
5 Demonstrate 5.1 Gaseous cycles are demonstrated as per ecological
biogeochemical cycles procedures
5.2 Hydrological cycle is demonstrated as per ecological
procedures
5.3 Nutrient cycles are demonstrated as per ecological
procedures
6 Apply soil formation 6.1 Soil components are determined based on type of soil
6.2 Soil formation process is determined based on the
ecological zone
6.3 Soil profile is determined based on the ecological zone
6.4 Classification of soils is carried out based on
biophysiochemical properties.
7 Carry out soil science 7.1 Soil structure and texture are determined based on the soil
type
7.2 Soil water, air and temperature are determined based on
soil type
7.3 Mineral elements in soil are analyzed based on soil type
7.4 Soil pH and cation exchange capacity are determined
based on soil type
7.5 Soil organisms are isolated and identified based on
observable features
7.6 Soil organic matter is determined based on soil type
8 Apply environmental 8.1 Causes of ecosystem degradation are identified based on

conservation ecosystem type
8.2 Methods of environmental conservation are identified
based on degradation cause
8.3 Environment conservation exercise is carried out based on
degradation cause
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RANGE
VARIABLE RANGE
Abiotic and biotic factors  Wind
include but are not limited  Light
to:  Water
 Temperature
 Humidity
 Competition
 Predation
Population estimation  Capture-recapture
methods include but are not  Direct count
limited to:  Line transects
 Belt transects
 Quadrat
Population dynamics include  Predation
but are not limited to:  Competition
 Migration
 Edaphic factors
Aquatic ecosystems include  Marine
but not limited to:  Brackish water
 Fresh
 Wet land
Terrestrial ecosystems  Forest
include but not limited to:  Grassland
 Range land
 Arid and semi-arid
Soil components include but  Air
not limited to:  Water
 Organic matter
 Minerals
Soil profile includes but not  Top soil
limited to:  Sub soil
 Parent rock
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Mineral elements include but  Major elements
not limited to:  Trace elements
Soil organisms include but  Earthworms

not limited to:  Protozoa
 Fungi
 Nematodes
 arthropods
Methods of environmental  Re-afforestation
conservation include but not  Control soil erosion
limited to:  Building dams
 Pollution control

Required Skills
The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills
 Communication
 Interpersonal
 Analytical
 Problem solving
 First aid
 Innovation
 Creativity
Required Knowledge
 Biotic and abiotic factors
 Ecosystems
 Food chains
 Food webs
 Ecological pyramids
 Population
 Succession
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 Aquatic ecology
 Terrestrial ecology
 Biogeochemical cycles
 Environmental conservation
 Soil science
 Soil conservation
EVIDENCE GUIDE

Aspects of 1.1 Identified and measured abiotic and biotic factors
Competency 1.2 Constructed food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids
1.3 Determined population estimation methods and population
dynamics
1.4 Carried out population size estimation
1.5 Determined types of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems
1.6 Collected and identified adaptive features of aquatic and terrestrial
organisms
1.7 Determined soil components, soil formation process and soil
profile
1.8 Carried out classification of soils
1.9 Determined soil structure, texture, water, air and temperature
1.10 Analyzed mineral elements in soil
1.11 Determined soil pH and cation exchange
1.12 Isolated and identified soil organisms
1.13 Determined soil organic matter based on soil type
1.14 Identified causes of ecosystem degradation
1.15 Identified methods of environmental conservation
1.16 Carried out environment conservation exercise
2.2 Biology laboratory procedures manual
2.4 Laboratory tools and equipment
2.5 PPEs
©TVETCDACC 2019 95
Assessment 3.1 Oral
3.2 Written
3.3 Observation
3.4 Third party
3.5 Practical test
for
assessment
©TVETCDACC 2019 96
CARRY OUT ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit specifies the competencies required to carry out animal husbandry. It involves carrying
out housing and hygiene of laboratory animals, carrying out handling of laboratory animals and
carrying out feeding of laboratory animals. It also involves demonstrating breeding of laboratory
animals and carrying out anaesthesia and euthanasia.

1 Carry out housing and 1.1 Laboratory animal structures are designed as per
hygiene of laboratory laboratory animal requirements
animals 1.2 Laboratory animal structures are constructed as per
1.3 Laboratory animal structures are disinfected and cleaned
as per laboratory procedures
1.4 Laboratory animal diseases are identified and managed as
per laboratory animal requirements
2 Carry out handling of 2.1 Laboratory animals are handled as per laboratory
laboratory animals procedures
2.2 Sexing of laboratory animals is carried out per laboratory
procedures
2.3 Regulations governing handling of laboratory animals are
determined as per laboratory animal rearing procedures
3 Carry out feeding of 3.1 Types of animal feeds are identified as per laboratory
laboratory animals animal requirements.
3.2 Feed presentation methods are demonstrated as per
laboratory animal requirements
3.3 Food containers are cleaned and disinfected as per
4 Demonstrate breeding of 4.1 Laboratory animals for breeding are identified as per
laboratory animals animal physical characteristic
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4.2 Oestrous cycle of laboratory animals is determined as per
animal physiology
4.3 Gestation period of laboratory animals is determined as
per animal physiology
4.4 Litter size of laboratory animals is determined based on
the laboratory animal
4.5 Population control methods are identified and carried out
as per laboratory animal requirement
5 Carry out anaesthesia and 5.1 Anaesthetic agents are applied in laboratory animals as
euthanasia per pharmacological principles
5.2 Dissection of laboratory animals is carried out as per
5.3 Humane killing methods are determined as per
5.4 Animal carcass disposal methods are demonstrated as per
RANGE
VARIABLE RANGE
Types of animal feeds  Water
include but not limited to:  Concentrates
 Fodder
Feed presentation methods  Open bowl
include but not limited to:  Bottle method
Anaesthetic agents include Local
but not limited to:  Procain
 Lidocain
General
 Barbituarates
 Sodium pentobarbital
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Humane killing methods Chemical
include but not limited to:  Carbondioxide gas
 Chloroform
Physical
 Pithing
 Beheading
 Stunning
 Gun shot
Disposal methods include  Incineration
but not limited to:  Burying

Required Skills
 Communication
 Interpersonal
 Analytical
 Problem solving
 Innovation
 Creativity
 Observation
Required Knowledge
 Microscopy
 Animal handling techniques
 Animal pathology
©TVETCDACC 2019 99
EVIDENCE GUIDE
Aspects of 1.1 Designed and constructed laboratory animal structures
Competency 1.2 Disinfected and cleaned laboratory animal structures
1.3 Identified and managed laboratory animal diseases
1.4 Handled laboratory animals properly
1.5 Sexed laboratory animals
1.6 Identified regulations governing handling of animals
1.7 Identified types of animal feeds
1.8 Demonstrated feed presentation methods
1.9 Identified laboratory animals for breeding
1.10 Determined oestrous cycle, gestation period and litter size of
laboratory animal
1.11 Identified population control methods
1.12 Applied anaesthetic agents
1.13 Carried out dissection of laboratory animals
1.14 Determined humane killing methods
1.15 Demonstrated animal carcass disposal methods
2.4 Workshop tools
2.5 PPEs
Assessment 3.1 Oral
3.2 Written
3.3 Observation
3.4 Third party
3.5 Practical test
for
assessment
©TVETCDACC 2019 100

CARRY OUT PLANT HUSBANDRY
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit specifies the competencies required to carry out plant husbandry. It involves
demonstrating plant propagation, managing a greenhouse facility, managing horticultural plants
and demonstrating plant pathology. It also involves demonstrating use of plant hormones,
applying tissue culture and demonstrating crop yield loss.

1 Demonstrate plant 1.1 Planting materials are screened as per plant husbandry
propagation procedures.
1.2 Seed dormancy is broken as per plant husbandry
procedures.
1.3 Seeds are germinated as per plant husbandry procedures.
1.4 Conditions for seed germination are demonstrated as per
plant husbandry.
2 Managing a green house 2.1 Types of green houses are identified based on structure,
facility shape and materials.
2.2 Green house is constructed as per the crop to be
established.
2.3 Green house is managed as per plant husbandry
procedures.
3 Manage horticultural 3.1 Horticultural plants are identified based plant husbandry
plants practices.
3.2 Management of horticultural crops is demonstrated as per
plant husbandry practices
4 Demonstrate plant 4.1 Symptoms of plant fungal diseases are identified as per
pathology MoALF production manual.
4.2 Plant fungal diseases are controlled as per MoALF
production manual

4.3 Symptoms of plant bacterial diseases are identified as
per MoALF production manual.
4.4 Plant bacterial diseases are controlled as per MoALF
production manual
4.5 Symptoms of plant viral diseases are identified as per
MoALF production manual.
4.6 Plant viral diseases are controlled as per MoALF
production manual
4.7 Symptoms of plant nematode diseases are identified as
per MoALF production manual.
4.8 Plant nematode diseases are controlled as per MoALF
production manual
5 Demonstrate use of plant 5.1 Plant growth substances are identified as per plant
growth substances husbandry practices.
5.2 Plant growth substances are applied as per plant
husbandry practices.
6 Apply tissue culture 6.1 Tissue culture types are identified based on part of plant
involved.
6.2 Tissue culture process are carried out based on standard
tissue culture practices
7 Demonstrate crop yield 7.1 Causes of yield loss in crops are identified as per MoALF
loss production manual
7.2 Methods of assessing yield loss in crops are determined
as per MoALF production manual
RANGE
VARIABLE RANGE
Horticultural plants include  Vegetable crops
but are not limited to:  Mushrooms
 Fruits
 flowers

Management include but are  Nursery establishment
not limited to:  Planting
 Weeding
 Pest & disease control
 Watering
 Harvesting
 Post-harvesting
Plant fungal diseases include  Blight
but are not limited to:  Rust
 Anthracnose
 Smut
 Gall
 Mildew
 Damping off
 Wilt
 mould
Plant bacterial diseases  Bacterial wilt
include but are not limited
to:
Plant viral diseases include  Mosaic
but are not limited to:
Plant growth substances  Auxins
include but are not limited  Gibberellins
to:  Cytokinin
 Ethylene
 Abscisic acid
Tissue culture types include  Seed
but are not limited to:  Embryo
 Callus
 Organ
 Protoplast
Methods of assessing yield  Experimental
loss include but are not  Statistical
limited to:

Required Skills
 Maintenance
 Communication
 Interpersonal
 Analytical
 Problem solving
 Innovation
 Creativity
 Observation
Required Knowledge
 Microscopy
 Plant pathology
EVIDENCE GUIDE

Aspects of 1.1 Screened planting materials
Competency 1.2 Broke seed dormancy
1.3 Germinated seeds
1.4 Demonstrated conditions for seed germination
1.5 Identified types of green houses
1.6 Constructed a green house
1.7 Managed a green house

1.8 Managed horticultural plants
1.9 Identified symptoms of plant fungal diseases, plant bacterial
diseases, plant viral diseases and nematodes
1.10 Controlled symptoms of plant fungal diseases, plant bacterial
diseases, plant viral diseases and nematodes
1.11 Demonstrated use of plant growth substances
1.12 Identified types of tissue culture
1.13 Carried out tissue culture process
1.14 Identified causes of yield loss in crops
1.15 Determined methods of assessing yield loss in crops
2.2 Laboratory procedures manual
2.4 Workshop tools and equipment
2.5 PPEs
Assessment 3.1 Oral
3.2 Written
3.3 Observation
3.4 Third party
3.5 Practical test
for
assessment

APPLY ENTOMOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit specifies the competencies required to apply entomological techniques. It involves
determining classification of insects, demonstrating anatomy and physiology of insects, and
determining insect ecology. It also involves carrying out rearing of insects, demonstrating pest
control and management and determining control of arthropod vectors

1 Determine classification of 1.1 Classification of insects is carried out as per
insects entomological procedures
2 Demonstrate anatomy and 2.1 External features of insects are identified and drawn as
physiology of insects per anatomical procedures
2.2 Systems in insects are drawn as per physiological
procedures
2.3 Life cycles of insects are determined as per entomological
procedures
3 Determine insect ecology 3.1 Adaptations of insects is demonstrated based on the
insect
3.2 Intrinsic rate of insects is determined as per entomological
procedures
3.3 Methods of collecting insects are identified based on
entomological procedures
4 Carry out rearing of 4.1 Insect cages are constructed based on the insects to be
insects reared
4.2 Insects are reared as per entomological procedures
4.3 Insectary is managed as per entomological procedures
5 Demonstrate pest control 5.1 Insect pests are identified as per entomological
and management procedures
5.2 Methods of pest control are determined as per
entomological procedures

6 Determine control of 6.1 Arthropod vectors are identified as per parasitological
arthropod vectors procedures
6.2 Transmission methods are identified as per parasitological
procedures
6.3 Methods of control of arthropod vectors are determined as
per parasitological procedures
RANGE
VARIABLE RANGE
Systems include but are not  Digestive
limited to:  Gaseous exchange
 Endocrine
Life cycles include but are  Complete metamorphosis
not limited to:  Partial metamorphosis
 Incomplete metamorphosis
Adaptations include but are  Anatomical
not limited to:  physiological
Methods of collecting insects  Light traps
include but are not limited  Sweep nets
to:  Pit fall traps
 Pheromones
Insects include but not  Locust
limited to:  Fruit fly
Methods of pest control  Cultural
include but not limited to:  Biological
 Physical
 Chemical
 Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

Required Skills
 Maintenance
 Communication
 Interpersonal
 Analytical
 First aid
 Innovation
 Creativity
Required Knowledge
 Microscopy
 Insect collection methods
 Storage of insects
 Rearing of insects
 Pest control and management
EVIDENCE GUIDE

Aspects of 1.1 Carried out classification of insects
Competency 1.2 Identified and drew external features and systems of insects
1.3 Determined life cycles of insects
1.4 Demonstrated adaptations of insects
1.5 Demonstrated intrinsic rate of insects
1.6 Identified methods of collecting insects
1.7 Constructed insect cages
1.8 Reared insects

1.9 Managed insectary
1.10 Demonstrated pest control and management
1.11 Identified arthropod vectors
1.12 Identified transmission methods
1.13 Determined control methods of arthropod vectors
2.4 Workshop tools and equipment
2.5 PPEs
Assessment 3.1 Oral
3.2 Written
3.3 Observation
3.4 Third party
3.5 Practical test
for
assessment

CARRY OUT PARASITOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit specifies the competencies required to carry out parasitological techniques. It involves
carrying out protozoology and carrying out helminthology.

1 Carry out protozoology 1.1 Classification of protozoa is carried as per taxonomic
principles
1.2 Life cycles of protozoans and pathological effects is
determined as per parasitological procedures
1.3 Specimen are collected and observed under the
microscope as per laboratory procedures.
1.4 Laboratory diagnosis of protozoan diseases is carried out
as per laboratory procedures
1.5 Prevention and control measures of protozoan are carried
out as per parasitological procedures
2 Carry out helminthology 2.1 Classification of helminthes is carried as per taxonomic
principles
2.2 Life cycles of helminthes and pathological effects is
determined as per parasitological procedures
2.3 Specimen are collected and observed as per laboratory
procedures.
2.4 Laboratory diagnosis of helminthes is carried out as per
2.5 Prevention and control measures are carried out as per
parasitological procedures

RANGE
VARIABLE RANGE
Classification of protozoa  Ciliate
include but are not limited  Flagellates/mastigophore
to:  Sarcodina
 Sporozoa
Protozoan diseases include  Coccidiosis
but are not limited to:  Trypanasomiasis
 Leishmaniasis
 Malaria
 Toxoplasma gondii
 Trichomonas vaginalis
Classification of helminthes  Cestodes
include but are not limited  Trematodes
to:  Nematodes
Helminthes include but are  Ascaris lumbricoides
not limited to:  Hook worms
 Wuchereria bancrofti
 Taenia spp
 Fasciola hepatica
 Schistosoma spp

Required Skills
 Communication
 Analytical
 Problem solving
 First aid
 Innovation

 Creativity
 Observation
Required Knowledge
 Microscopy
 Protozoan diseases
 Taxonomy
EVIDENCE GUIDE
1 Critical Aspects Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:

of Competency 1.1 Carried out classification of protozoa and helminthes
1.2 Determined life cycles of protozoans, helminthes and pathological
effects
1.3 Collected and observed specimens under the microscope
1.4 Carried out laboratory diagnosis of protozoan diseases and
helminthes
1.5 Carried out prevention and control measures of protozoan diseases
2.2 laboratory procedures manual
2.4 PPEs
Assessment 3.1 Oral
3.2 Written
3.3 Observation
3.4 Third party
3.5 Practical test

assessment

PERFORM IMMUNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit specifies the competencies required to perform immunological techniques. It involves
demonstrating immunological tissues and cells and determining immunological reactions. It also
involves carrying out immunodiagnostic methods and applying immunization procedures.

1 Demonstrate 1.1 Immune cells and tissues are observed under the
immunological tissues microscope as per laboratory procedures
and cells 1.2 Immune cells and tissues are identified as per laboratory
procedure
2 Determine 2.1 Immunoglobulins are classified as per laboratory

immunological procedures.
reactions 2.2 Serial dilution is carried out as per laboratory procedures
2.3 Compliment fixation test is carried out as per
immunological procedures
2.4 Hypersensitivity reactions are identified and
demonstrated as per immunological procedures
3 Carry out 3.1 Immunodiagnostic techniques are carried out as per
immunodiagnostic immunological procedures.
methods 3.2 Immune disorders are identified as per immunological
procedures.
4 Apply immunization 4.1 Vaccine types are identified as per WHO guidelines.
procedures 4.2 Immunization schedules are demonstrated as per WHO
guidelines
RANGE

VARIABLE RANGE
Immune cells and tissues  Lymphoid tissues
include but are not limited  Thymus
to:  Spleen
 Bone marrow
 Lymph nodes
Immunoglobulins are  Ig M
classified include but are not  Ig G
limited to:  Ig D
 Ig A
 Ig E
 Agglutination
Immunodiagnostic  Precipitation
techniques include but are  Immunodiffusion
not limited to:  Cell diffusion
 Immune electrophoresis
 Complement fixation test
Immune disorders include  Auto immune
but are not limited to:  Hypersensitivity
 Immunosuppression
Vaccine types include but  Live attenuated
are not limited to:  Inactivated
 Subunit
 Toxoid
 Conjugate
 Recombinant vector
 DNA

Required Skills
 Communication
 Interpersonal
 Analytical

 Problem solving
 Innovation
 Creativity
 Observation
Required Knowledge
 Microscopy
 Immune cells & tissues
 Antigen-antibody reactions
 Immunodiagnostic techniques
 Vaccines
EVIDENCE GUIDE

Aspects of 1.1 Observed and identified immune cells and tissues
Competency 1.2 Classified immunoglobulins
1.3 Carried out serial dilution
1.4 Carried out compliment fixation test
1.5 Identified and demonstrated hypersensitivity reactions
1.6 Carried out immunodiagnostic techniques
1.7 Identified immune disorders
1.8 Identified vaccine types
1.9 Demonstrated immunization schedules


2.4 PPEs
Assessment 3.1 Oral
3.2 Written
3.3 Observation
3.4 Third party
3.5 Practical test
for
assessment

APPLY BIOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit specifies the competencies required to apply biochemical techniques. It involves
determining classification of bio-molecules and carrying out separation and qualitative analysis
of bio-molecules. It also involves determining metabolism of bio-molecules and applying
enzymology.

1 Determine 1.1 Classification of bio-molecules is carried out as per
classification of bio- international scientific standards
molecules 1.2 Types of biomolecules is determined as per international
scientific standards.
2 Carry out separation 2.1 Separation of biomolecules is carried out based on
and qualitative laboratory procedures.
analysis of bio- 2.2 Qualitative analysis of biomolecules is carried out as per
molecules international scientific standards.
3 Determine metabolism 3.1 Carbohydrates metabolism is determined as per laboratory

of bio-molecules procedures.
3.2 Proteins metabolism is determined as per laboratory
procedures
3.3 Lipids metabolism is determined as per laboratory
procedures
4 Apply enzymology 4.1 Models on mechanism of enzyme action are
demonstrated as per laboratory procedures.
4.2 Factors affecting enzyme action is demonstrated as per

RANGE
VARIABLE RANGE
Classification of bio-  Macro biomolecules
molecules include but are not Micro biomolecules
limited to:
Types of biomolecules  Carbohydrates
include but are not limited  Lipids
to:  Proteins
 Nucleic acids
Separation of biomolecules  Chromatography
include but are not limited  electrophoresis
to:
Qualitative analysis includes  Reducing sugars/Benedict’s test
but is not limited to:  Iodine test
 Translucent test
 Biurets test
Models on mechanism of  Lock and key
enzyme action include but  Induced fit
are not limited to:
Factors affecting enzyme  Temperature
action include but are not  pH
limited to:  Enzyme concentration
 Substrate concentration

Required Skills
 Communication
 Interpersonal
 Analytical

 Problem solving
 Creativity
 Observation
Required Knowledge
 Biology
 Chemistry
 Mathematics
EVIDENCE GUIDE

Aspects of 1.1 Carried out classification of bio-molecules
Competency 1.2 Determined types of biomolecules
1.3 Carried out separation of biomolecules
1.4 Carried out qualitative analysis of biomolecules
1.5 Determined carbohydrates, proteins and lipids metabolism
1.6 Demonstrated models on mechanism of enzyme action
1.7 Demonstrated factors affecting enzyme action
2.4 PPEs
Assessment 3.1 Oral
3.2 Written
3.3 Observation
3.4 Third party
3.5 Practical test

for
assessment

PERFORM PHARMACOLOGICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit specifies the competencies required to perform pharmacological and toxicological
techniques. It involves determining classification of drugs, applying pharmacodynamics and
demonstrating chemotherapeutic agents. It also involves applying phamarcokinetic, carrying out
extraction of toxins and carrying out toxicity testing.

1 Determine classification 1.1 Drugs are classified as per Pharmacy and Poisons Board
of drugs (PPB) regulations.
1.2 Classes of drugs are identified based on their
mechanisms of action
2 Apply 2.1 Drugs are administered in animals as per pharmacological
pharmacodynamics procedures.
2.2 Drugs are administered in an organ as per
pharmacological procedures.
2.3 Effects of drugs are observed as per laboratory
procedures.
3 Demonstrate 3.1 Classes of chemotherapeutic agents are identified as

chemotherapeutic agents pharmacological procedures.
3.2 Mode of action of chemotherapeutic agents is identified
as per pharmacological procedures.
3.3 Testing of chemotherapeutic agents is carried out as per
4 Apply pharmacokinetics 4.1 Methods of drug absorption are identified as
pharmacological procedures
4.2 Drug metabolism and excretion is demonstrated as per
pharmacological procedures
4.3 Levels of drug in the body of laboratory animals is
determined as per laboratory procedures.

5 Carry out extraction of 5.1 Plant and animal samples are collected as per laboratory
toxins procedures.
5.2 Toxins are extracted from the samples as per laboratory
procedures.
5.3 Toxins are isolated and identified as per laboratory
procedures.
6 Carry out toxicity testing 6.1 Toxicity tests are carried out as per laboratory procedures
6.2 Half-life of toxic substances is determined as per
RANGE
VARIABLE RANGE
Classes of drugs include but  Chemical basis
are not limited to:  Disease condition
 Organ system
 Generation
 Agonist and antagonist receptor
Classes of chemotherapeutic  Antibiotics
agents  Anti-fungals
 Anti-protozoans
 Anti helminthes
 Anti-virals

Required Skills
 Communication
 Interpersonal
 Analytical

 Problem solving
 First aid
 Innovation
 Observation
 manipulative
Required Knowledge
 Classification of drugs
 Extraction techniques
 Cell structure
 Pharmacology
 Toxicology
 Chemistry
 Mathematics
EVIDENCE GUIDE

Aspects of 1.1 Classified and identified classes of drugs
Competency 1.2 Administered drugs in animals and in an organ
1.3 Observed effects of drugs
1.4 Identified classes of chemotherapeutic agents
1.5 Identified mode of action of chemotherapeutic agents
1.6 Carried out testing of chemotherapeutic agents
1.7 Identified methods of drug absorption
1.8 Demonstrated drug metabolism and excretion
1.9 Determined levels of drug in the body of laboratory animals
1.10 Collected plant and animal samples
1.11 Extracted toxins from the samples
1.12 Isolated and identified toxins
1.13 Carried out toxicity tests
1.14 Determined half-life of toxic substances

2.4 PPEs
Assessment 3.1 Oral
3.2 Written
3.3 Observation
3.4 Third party
3.5 Practical test
for
assessment

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REPUBLIC OF KENYA

NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL STANDARDS

PRINCIPAL SECRETARY, VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL TRAINING

Prof. CHARLES M. M. ONDIEKI, PhD, FIET (K), Con. EngTech.

©TVETCDACC 2019 III

PREFACE ................................................................................................................................. iii

ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................... vii

KEY TO UNIT CODE ............................................................................................................ viii

BASIC UNITS OF COMPETENCY ...........................................................................................1

DEMONSTRATE COMMUNICATION SKILLS ......................................................................2

DEMONSTRATE NUMERACY SKILLS ..................................................................................7

DEMONSTRATE DIGITAL LITERACY ................................................................................ 13

DEMONSTRATE UNDERSTANDING OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP ...................................... 19

DEMONSTRATE EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS ....................................................................... 23

DEMONSTRATE ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY ............................................................... 32

DEMONSTRATE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH PRACTICES ....................... 40

COMMON UNITS OF COMPETENCY................................................................................... 46

PERFORM ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY STUDIES ....................................................... 47

APPLY STANDARD LABORATORY PRACTICES .............................................................. 53

CARRY OUT MICROSCOPY ................................................................................................. 62

CONDUCT LABORATORY RESEARCH ............................................................................... 65

CORE UNITS OF COMPETENCY .......................................................................................... 70

CARRY OUT CYTOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES ............................... 71

CARRY OUT MICROBIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES ............................................................. 76

PERFORM TAXONOMIC STUDIES ...................................................................................... 81

CARRY OUT ECOLOGICAL AND SOIL STUDIES .............................................................. 90

CARRY OUT ANIMAL HUSBANDRY .................................................................................. 96

CARRY OUT PLANT HUSBANDRY ................................................................................... 101

APPLY ENTOMOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES ........................................................................ 105

CARRY OUT PARASITOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES............................................................ 109

PERFORM IMMUNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES .................................................................. 113

APPLY BIOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES............................................................................... 117

PERFORM PHARMACOLOGICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES ................... 121

CBET Competency-Based Education and Training

CDACC Curriculum Development, Assessment and Certification Council

CNS Central Nervous System

DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid

ICT Information communication technology

IPM Integrated Pest Management

MOALF Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries

NEMA National Environment Management Authority

OSH Occupational Safety and Health

PPEs Personal Protective Equipment

PNS Peripheral Nervous System

RNA Ribonucleic Acid

SOPs Standard Operating Procedures

©TVETCDACC 2019 VII

©TVETCDACC 2019 VIII

BASIC UNITS OF COMPETENCY

COMMON UNITS OF COMPETENCY

CORE UNITS OF COMPETENCY

UNIT CODE: APB/OS/AB/BC/01/6/A

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

Communication strategies  Language switch

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:

UNIT CODE: APB/OS/AB/BC/02/6/A

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

1 Geometry includes but not 1.1 Scale drawing