oPRACTICE TEST 46

I. LISTENING (50 POINTS)

Part 1: You will hear an interview to do a questionnaire on the residency on the north.
For questions 1-7, fill in each gap with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER.
(14p)

North Residency Questionnaire

Example
Age of the interview 19
Current occupation: 1. ___________________
Length of living in the North 9 years
Exact living area: 2. ___________________
Type of accommodation: A shared 3. ___________________
Private transport: On foot and by bike
Public transport: Take the 4. ___________________ or a taxi.
Frequency of eating out 5. ___________________
Preferred exercises: Go swimming
Go to the gym
Go 6. ___________________
Part-time course: 7. ___________________
Part 2: For questions 8-15, you will hear an interview with a man called Daren Howarth, who works as
a carbon coach and complete the sentences with a word or short phrase. (16 points)

THE CARBON COACH

Daren says that a carbon coach works full-time as a 8.____________ with various clients.

Before becoming a carbon coach, Daren trained to be an 9.___________ .

When assessing a family's carbon footprint, Daren looks first at their 10. __________ .

Daren uses what's called a 11. ________ to see how much electricity things use.

Daren points out that the government will help pay for roof insulation.

Daren feels that using 12. __________ of the old type is the worst waste of energy he sees.

Daren helped to reduce a band's carbon footprint at its concerts as well as on its CDs.

Daren mentions a new type of green home called an 13. ________ .

The new green home uses both the sun and 14. _______ to produce electricity.

Daren suggests buying a 15. ________ which gives more information about the new green home.
Part 3: For questions 16-20, you are going to listen to a report from a local TV news program about the
island of Samsø in Denmark and decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F)
(10 points)
Your answers

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 T F
16. The major source of power on Samsø is oil.
17. Samsø produces more electricity than it needs.
18. Americans on average produce more carbon dioxide than Dutch citizens.
19. The furnace is used for both heating and making fertilizer.
20. Farmers on Samsø have lost money by changing to environmentally-
friendly practices.
Part 4: For questions 21-25, you will hear an interview with Pamela Green, a young fashion designer
and choose the best answer (A, B or C). (10 points)

21. What helped Pamela to decide to become a fashion designer?

A. working as an assistant in a fashion shop

B. doing research into the fashion industry

C. attending a course on fashion design

22. What does Pamela say about having a degree in fashion?

A. It's essential for promotion.

B. It's evidence of your ability.

C. It guarantees you a better income.

23. Pamela says that when starting your own fashion label, it's most important to

A. enjoy the creative process.

B. contact shops that might sell it.

C. have a business plan.

24. What aspect of her work does Pamela find most difficult to deal with?

A. the pressure to meet deadlines

B. the failure of some of her designs

C. the need to attend fashion shows

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25. What advice does Pamela have for people who want a career in fashion?

A. Be aware of the options available.

B. Don't be afraid of sudden fame.

C. Learn from your own errors.

II. LEXICO AND GRAMMAR (40 POINTS)

Part 1: Choose the answer A, B, C, or D that best completes each of the following sentences. Write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (20 points)

26. President Joe Biden said on Tuesday that The United States ________ enough Covid-19 vaccine doses
for every American adult by the end of May, 2021.
A. would have had B. would have C. will have D. will have had
27. The window was so high up that ________ you could see was the sky.
A. everything B. all C. only D. just
28. The police have warned tourists to look ________ for pickpockets in the town center.
A. up B. down C. forward D. out
29. He ________ some unusual educational beliefs.
A. keeps B. carries C. takes D. holds
30. There is a strong movement supporting the abolition of the death ________.
A. penalty B. punishment C. discipline D. condemnation
31. The study adds to a growing ________ of evidence that links a lack of sleep with weight gain.
A. body B. form C. hulk D. soul
32. “Are there any cookies left?” – “No, ________.”
A. not anything B. nothing at all C. nothing whatever D. none whatsoever
33. _______, what would you bring back?
A. Think of going to Africa B. Imagine to go to Africa
C. If you should go to Africa D. Supposing you went to Africa
34. Not until I received the letter of announcement, _______.
A. I could recognize how bad the situation was
B. could I recognize how bad was the situation
C. how bad the situation was I recognized
D. did I recognize how bad the situation was
35. The team is _______ by JVC, so players wear the letters JVC on their shirts.
A. trained B. appointed C. sponsored D. played
36. Students at school leaving age need _______ about life skills to enter the new world.
A. being taught B. to be taught C. teaching D. to teach
37. Ask David to give you a hand moving the furniture. He's as strong as _______.
A. a gorilla B. a horse C. an elephant D. a mountain
38. John had to leave early, _______ he?
A. didn’t B. hadn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
39. Australians and New Zealanders often have a/an _______ year before going to college or after finishing
high school to travel overseas independently.
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 A. gap B. new C. busy D. graduation
40. It's my _______ ceremony next week; I think my parents are looking forward to it more than I am.
A. graduation B. graduate C. graduating D. graduates
41. Going to university is expensive because in addition to the tuition _______, there are expenses for
accommodation, books, living costs, etc.
A. grants B. fees C. fares D. scholarships
42. Several items of goods _______ during the pandemic of Covid-19.
A. go through the roof B. hit the roof C. raise the roof D. are under one roof
43. John knew who had won the contest, but he kept it under his _______ till the formal announcement.
A. cap B. coat C. tongue D. hat
44. _______ in 1948, the UNICEF works for the protection of children‟s rights and meets their basic needs
for life.
A. Founded B. Found C. Finding D. Having found
45. Despite our careful planning, the whole surprise party was a _______ of accidents.
A. volume B. verse C. chapter D. page
Part 2: Give the correct form of each given word to complete the following sentences. Write your
answers in the numbered boxes. (10 points)
46.___assertion_____ is much more effective than aggression. ASSERT
47. The singer’s __conventional______ lifestyle attracts the attention of the press.
CONVENTION
48. When she passed 30, Sue became increasingly despairable________ for a baby.
DESPAIR
49. The unresponsive audience made the lecturer somewhat _unhearable_______ .What a shame. HEAR
50. My brother’s a comedian who specializes in doing ________ of famous people. PERSON
51. Michael Spencer’s ___upcoming_____ book is likely to be a huge success. COME
52. Some ___workers_____ now have their own nursery facilities for staff with children. WORK
53. He won’t get angry with you- he has a very calm ________. TEMPER
54. Sam was very grateful to his _adopted_______ parents for their generosity. ADOPT
55. The subtle photography and music make the film very __atmospheric______.
ATMOSPHERE
III. READING (60 points)
Part 1: Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D which best fits each gap in the following passage. (10
points)
These days in business, people have to face many challenging questions when designing and
implementing new projects in underdeveloped areas of the countryside. One issue which has to be faced is
whether it is possible to introduce new technology without destroying the local environment.
Economic (56)_________ and environment conservation are often seen as natural enemies. It is
unfortunate that in the past this has often been true, and it has been necessary to choose between
(57)_________ the project or protecting the environment. However, by taking environmental considerations
(58)_________ at an early stage in a project, companies can significantly reduce any impact on local plants
and animals.
For example, in southern Africa, a company called CEL, was asked to put up 410 km of a power
transmission line without disturbing the rare birds which inhabit that area. The project was carried out with
(59)_________ disturbance last summer. What may surprise many business people is the fact that this
consideration for local wildlife did not in any way (60)_________ down the project. Indeed, the necessary
advance planning (61)_________ with local knowledge and advanced technology, (62)_________ that the
project was actually completed ahead of schedule. CEL was contracted to finish the job by October and
(63)_________ to do so two months earlier.
CEL is one of those companies which is (64)_________ to the principle of environmental
conservation. Many other companies have yet to be (65)_________ of the importance of balancing the needs
of people with those of the environment. However, it may be the only realistic way forward.
56. A. progression B. development C. rise D. increase
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57. A. dealing B. leading C. running D. controlling
58. A. severely B. gravely C. seriously D. deeply
59. A. minimal B. bare C. least D. smallest
60. A. slow B. speed C. turn D. hold
61. A. related B. added C. combined D. tied
62. A. led B. meant C. resulted D. caused
63. A. achieved B. managed C. succeeded D. fulfilled
64. A. persuaded B. convicted C. promised D. committed
65. A. urged B. impressed C. argued D. convinced
Part 2: Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE word in
each space. (10 points)
Marsupials are ___66_species__ that have a pouch. A kangaroo has a pouch between her hind legs. This is
about as snug and comfortable a home as a new-born baby can have. It is fur-lined, keeps the baby
_warm__67___, protects it, enables the baby to feed and __be_68___ transportation for the helpless infant.

Nature provides kangaroos and other marsupials with a pouch because their __babiesm_69___ are born very
weak and helpless. In fact, a `Joey' as a baby kangaroo is called, is a tiny , thin mass at birth. It is not much
___70_ore__ than three millimeters and about as thick as a lead pencil. The joey is not likely to survive
___71without___ the warmth and protection of its mother's pouch.

The mother places the new-born baby in her pouch and _brings__72___ it around for six months. In six
months, the joey would be as big as a puppy. However, life in the pouch is simply too good to __grow_73___
up. So, very often the joey rides around inside with its head sticking out, far enough for it to pull off leaves
when its ___74___ stops to feed on tree branches.

In fact, long after it could walk and run, the joey still lives in the pouch. In case of _dangers__75___, the
mother hops over to it, picks it up in her mouth without stopping and calmly drops it into her pouch.

Part 3: Read the passage below and choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best
according to the text. (10 points)

It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct. What causes
extinction? When a species is no longer adapted to a change environment, it may perish. The exact causes of
a species’ death vary from situation to situation. Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile
to a species. For example, temperatures may change and a species may not be adapt. Food resources may be
affected by environmental changes, which will then cause problems for a species requiring these resources.
Other species may become better adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the
death of a species.

The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth. Recent analyses have
also revealed that on some occasions many species became extinct at the same time - a mass extinction. One
of the best - known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs
and many other forms of life. Perhaps the largest mass extinction was the one that occurred 225 million years
ago, when approximately 95 percent of all species died. Mass extinctions can be caused by a relatively rapid
change in the environment and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of many species. If, for
example, something were to happen to destroy much of the plankton in the oceans, then the oxygen content
of Earth would drop, affection even organisms not living in the oceans. Such a change would probably lead to
a mass extinction.

One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250 million years have tended to
be more intense every 26 million years. The periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the earth’s
orbit with a cloud of comets, but this theory is purely speculative. Some researchers have also speculated that
extinction may often be random. That is, certain species may be eliminated and others may survive for no
particular reason. A species’ survival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt. If so, some
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of revolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially random events.
76. The underlined word “ ultimately “ is closest in meaning to
A. exceptionally B. unfortunately C. eventually D. dramatically
77. What does the author say in paragraph 1 regarding most species in Earth’s history?
A. They have been able to adapt to ecological changes.
B. They have caused rapid change in the environment .
C. They have remained basically unchanged from their original forms
D. They are no longer in existence.
78. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as resulting from rapid ecological change?
A. Availability of food resources B. Introduction of new species
C. Temperature changes D. Competition among species
79. The word “demise” is closest in meaning to
A. help B. death. C. recovery D. change
80. Why is “ plankton” mentioned in the second paragraph?
A. To emphasize the importance of food resources in preventing mass extinction
B. To illustrate a comparison between organisms that live on the land and those that live in the ocean
C. To point out that certain species could never become extinct
D. To demonstrate the interdependence of different species
81. According to paragraph 2, evidence from fossils suggests that
A. There has been only one mass extinction in Earth’s history.
B. Extinction of species has occurred from time to time throughout Earth’s history.
C. Extinctions on Earth have generally been massive.
D. Dinosaurs became extinct much earlier than scientists originally believed.
82. The underlined word “ finding” is closest in meaning to
A. published information B. research method
C. scientific discovery. D. ongoing experiment
83. Which of the following can be inferred from the theory of periodic extinction mentioned in paragraph 3?
A. The theory is no longer seriously considered.
B. Most scientists believe the theory to be accurate.
C. Many scientists could be expected to disagree with it.
D. Evidence to support the theory has recently been found.
84. In paragraph 3, the author mgakes which of the following statements about a species’ survival?
A. It is associated with astronomical condition
B. It may depend on chance events.
C. It does not vary greatly from species to species
D. It reflects the interrelationship of may species.
85. According to the passage, it is believed that the largest extinction of the species occurred
A. 65 million years ago B. 250 million years ago
C. 225 million years ago D. 26 million years ago

Part 4: This following reading passage has nine paragraphs, A-I. (20 points)

List of Headings

i A fresh and important long-term goal

ii Charging for roads and improving other transport methods
iii Changes affecting the distances goods may be transported
iv Taking all the steps necessary to change transport patterns
v The environmental costs of road transport
vi The escalating cost of rail transport
vii The need to achieve transport rebalance
viii The rapid growth of private transport
ix Plans to develop major road networks

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x Restricting road use through charging policies alone
xi Transport trends in countries awaiting EU admission

Example: Answer:
Paragraph F vii

What have been the trends and what are the prospects for European transport systems?
A. It is difficult to conceive of vigorous economic growth without an efficient transport system.
Although modern information technologies can reduce the demand for physical transport by facilitating
teleworking and teleservices, the requirement for transport continues to increase. There are two key factors
behind this trend. For passenger transport, the determining factor is the spectacular growth in car use. The
number of cars on European Union (EU) roads saw an increase of three million cars each year from 1990 to
2010, and in the next decade the EU will see a further substantial increase in its fleet.
B. As far as goods transport is concerned, growth is due to a large extent to changes in the European
economy and its system of production. In the last 20 years, as internal frontiers have been abolished, the EU
has moved from a ”stock” economy to a ”flow” economy. This phenomenon has been emphasized by the
relocation of some industries, particularly those which are labour intensive, to reduce production costs, even
though the production site is hundreds or even thousands of kilometers away from the final assembly plant or
away from users.
C. The strong economic growth expected in countries which are candidates for entry to the EU will
also increase transport flows, in particular road haulage traffic. In 1998, some of these countries already
exported more than twice their 1990 volumes and imported more than five times their 1990 volumes. And
although many candidate countries inherited a transport system which encourages rail, the distribution
between modes has tipped sharply in favour of road transport since the 1990s. Between 1990 and 1998, road
haulage increased by 19,4%, while during the same period rail haulage decreased by 43,5%, although – and
this could benefit the enlarged EU – it is still on average at a much higher level than in existing member
states.
D. However, a new imperative-sustainable development – offers an opportunity for adapting the EU's
common transport policy. This objective, agreed by the Gothenburg European Council, has to be achieved by
integrating environmental considerations into Community policies, and shifting the balance between modes
of transport lies at the heart of its strategy. The ambitious objective can only be fully achieved by 2020, but
proposed measures are nonetheless a first essential step towards a sustainable transport system which will
ideally be in place in 30 years‟ time, that is by 2040.
E. In 1998, energy consumption in the transport sector was to blame for 28% of emissions of
CO2，the leading greenhouse gas. According to the latest estimates, if nothing is done to reverse the traffic
growth trend, CO2 emissions from transport can be expected to increase by around 50% to 1,113 billion
tonnes by 2020，compared with the 739 billion tonnes recorded in 1990. Once again, road transport is the
main culprit since it alone accounts for 84% of the CO2 emissions attributable to transport. Using alternative
fuels and improving energy efficiency is thus both an ecological necessity and a technological challenge.
F. At the same time greater efforts must be made to achieve a modal shift. Such a change cannot be
achieved overnight, all the less so after over half a century of constant deterioration in favour of road. This
has reached such a pitch that today rail freight services are facing marginalisation, with just 8% of market
share, and with international goods trains struggling along at an average speed of 18km/h. Three possible
options have emerged.
G. The first approach would consist of focusing on road transport solely through pricing. This option
would not be accompanied by complementary measures in the other modes of transport. In the short term it
might curb the growth in road transport through the better loading ratio of goods vehicles and occupancy
rates of passenger vehicles expected as a result of the increase in the price of transport. However, the lack of
measures available to revitalize other modes of transport would make it impossible for more sustainable
modes of transport to take up the baton.
H. The second approach also concentrates on road transport pricing but is accompanied by measures
to increase the efficiency of the other modes (better quality of services, logistics, technology). However, this
approach does not include investment in new infrastructure, nor does it guarantee better regional cohesion. It
could help to achieve greater uncoupling than the first approach, but road transport would keep the lion’s
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share of the market and continue to concentrate on saturated arteries, despite being the most polluting of the
modes. It is therefore not enough to guarantee the necessary shift of the balance.
I. The third approach, which is not new, comprises a series of measures ranging from pricing to
revitalizing alternative modes of transport and targeting investment in the trans-European network. This
integrated approach would allow the market shares of the other modes to return to their 1998 levels and thus
make a shift of balance. It is far more ambitious than it looks, bearing in mind the historical imbalance in
favour of roads for the last fifty years, but would achieve a marked break in the link between road transport
growth and economic growth, without placing restrictions on the mobility of people and goods.
Questions 86 – 90: (10 points)
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-E from the list of headings above.
86. Paragraph A _______
87. Paragraph B _______
88. Paragraph C _______
89. Paragraph D _______
90. Paragraph E _______

Questions 91 – 95: (10 points)

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading Passage? In boxes 91-95,
write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
91. _______ The need for transport is growing, despite technological developments.
92. _______To reduce production costs, some industries have been moved closer to their relevant consumers.
93. _______ Cars are prohibitively expensive in some EU candidate countries.
94. _______ The Gothenburg European Council was set up 30 years ago.
95. _______ By the end of this decade, CO2 emissions from transport are predicted to reach 739 billion
tonnes.

Part 5: Identify which section A–D each of the following is mentioned. Write ONE letter A–D in the
corresponding numbered space provided. Each letter may be used more than once. (10 points)
You are going to read an article in which four people comment on a book they have read recently. For
questions 96 - 105, choose from the people A-D. The people may be chosen more than once.
A
Sundance by Teresa Wilson
Kerry:
I really don't know why this book is so popular. I mean, I suppose it is going to appeal to young girls who
want danger and romance, but I found this book really tedious. For a start, the characters were really
unconvincing. The author went out of her way to add lots of details about the characters, but I found these
details really pointless. I thought that some of the facts she presented about the main characters would
become significant in some way later in the novel, but they didn't. They were just worthless bits of
information. I also was disappointed that, although this book is meant to be about kids at high school, the
writer seems to have no recollection at all about what it's like to be 17. The main character thought and acted
like a 32-year old. It just wasn't believable. I'm not saying Teresa Wilson is a bad writer. She can obviously
string words together and come up with a story that is appealing to a large number of people, but she lacks
anything original. There is no flair. It just uses the same sort of language as you can see in many other
mediocre novels.
B
Wild Ways by Margery Emerson
Liz:
I have to say that I won't forget this book for a long time. I was hooked from the very first chapter. The
devastating story affected me so much that I don't know if I'll ever feel the same again. I was close to tears on
several occasions. I've got images in my brain now that I don't think will ever leave me. It's incredibly well-
researched and, although it is fiction, is based on shocking real-life events. I learned an awful lot about things
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that went on that I never knew before. Margaret Emerson has a brilliant way with words and I really felt real
empathy towards the characters, although I was sometimes irritated by the choices they made. However, the
parallel story, the part that is set in the present, is not quite so good. I found myself just flicking through that
part so that I could get back to 1940s Paris.
C
Orchid by Henry Rathbone
Imogen:
This is a delightful novel full of wonderful imagery, a paints a remarkable picture of life in a distant time and
a far-away place. If you're looking to learn about Eastern culture in great detail, then this is probably not the
book for you, as the writer skims over most of the more complicated aspects of the country's etiquette. The
historical aspects are also not covered in much depth. However, I wonder whether this was the writer's
intention. By doing this, he symbolise the superficiality of the girl's life. She, like the book, is beautiful and
eager to please, but remains too distant from us, the readers, to teach us much. Although I loved the book and
read it in one sitting, the ending was a bit of a disappointment. A story which involves so much turmoil, in a
place where the future is uncertain, should not have a happy-ever-after fairy-tale ending.
D
High Hills by Mary Holland
Hannah:
I read this book for a literature class. I know it's a classic, and I did try to like it, but I just didn't get into it. I
kept persevering, hoping that I'd start to enjoy it, but no such luck. The famous scene out on the moors was
definitely the best bit of the book, but even that I found ridiculous when it is clearly supposed to be
passionate. As I approached the end of the book, I figured there must be some kind of moral to the story,
something that I would learn from the experience of trudging through seven hundred long pages, but there
was nothing worthwhile. I don't know why the literary world sees this book as such a masterpiece. The
characters are portrayed as being intelligent, but they do such stupid things! And as for it being a love story -
marrying someone you don't love and then being abused by them - that doesn't spell love to me.

Which person read a book which...

96. was set in an Oriental country ______C__

97. finished in an unrealistic way ___D_____

98. had characters that the reader could sympathize with ____B____

99. is well-known and was written a long time ago __C______

100. contained two stories ____B____

101. was not set in the past ________

102. was historically accurate __B______

103. made the reader cry __B______

104. contained insignificant details ___A_____

105. has a well-known scene ____D____

IV. WRITING

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Part 1: The line graph below shows changes in the amount and type of fast food consumed by
Australian teenagers from 1975 to 2000. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the
main features and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words. (20 points).

Part 2: Write an essay of at least 250 words to express your opinion on the following topic:
Many people believe that social networking sites (such as Facebook) have a huge negative impact on both
individuals and society.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? (40 points).

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