Sequences and series 3H

1 a i The sequence is increasing. d i un = (−1)n

u1 = (−1)1 = −1
u2 = (−1)2 = 1
b i The sequence is decreasing. u3 = (−1)3 = −1
u4 = (−1)4 = 1
c i The sequence is increasing. u5 = (−1)5 = −1

d i The sequence is periodic.

ii The sequence is periodic.

ii Order 2 iii Order 2

2 a i un = 20 − 3n e i un + 1 = un − 5
u1 = 20 − 3(1) = 17 u1 = 20
u2 = 20 − 3(2) = 14 u2 = 20 − 5 = 15
u3 = 20 − 3(3) = 11 u3 = 15 − 5 = 10
u4 = 20 − 3(4) = 8 u4 = 10 − 5 = 5
u5 = 20 − 3(5) = 5 u5 = 5 − 5 = 0

ii The sequence is decreasing. ii The sequence is decreasing.

b i un = 2n − 1 f i un + 1 = 5 − un
u1 = 21 − 1 = 1 u1 = 20
u2 = 22 − 1 = 2 u2 = 5 − 20 = −15
u3 = 23 − 1 = 4 u3 = 5 + 15 = 20
u4 = 24 − 1 = 8 u4 = 5 − 20 = −15
u5 = 25 − 1 = 16 u5 = 5 − 5 = 20

ii The sequence is increasing. ii The sequence is periodic.

iii Order 2
c i un = cos(180n°)
u1 = cos(180(1)°) = −1
u2 = cos(180(2)°) = 1 2
u3 = cos(180(3)°) = −1 g i un1  un
3
u4 = cos(180(4)°) = 1 u1 = k
u5 = cos(180(5)°) = −1 2k
u2 
3
ii The sequence is periodic. 2  2k  4k
u3    
3 3  9
iii Order 2 2  4 k  8k
u4    
3  9  27
2  8k  16k
u5    
3  27  81

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2 g ii The sequence is dependent on the value Challenge
of k.
1  un 1
a un  2 
un
3 un 1  kun
u1  a
u1  5
u2  b
u 2  5k
1 b
u3  5 k 2 u3 
a
If k 1 the sequence is increasing. 1 b
If k 0 the sequence is periodic. 1
u4  a  a  b 1
If 0 < k < 1 the sequence is decreasing. b ab
a  b 1
4 un 1  pun  10 1
u5  ab  ab  a  b  1
u1  5 1 b b(1  b)
u2  5 p  10 a
a (b  1)  b  1 a  1
u3  p (5 p  10)  10  
b(1  b) b
As the sequence is periodic with order 2,
p(5 p  10)  10  5 a 1
1
u6  b  a  b  1  ab  a
5 p 2  10 p  5  0
a  b 1 b a  b 1
p2  2 p  1  0 ab
(p + 1)2 = 0 1 a b
p = −1 u7   (1  a )  b
a 1 a 1
b
5 a an  cos(90n) Therefore, the sequence is periodic and
a1  cos(90(1))  0 order 5
a2  cos(90(2))  1
b When a = 2 and b = 9
a3  cos(90(3))  0
u1  2
a4  cos(90(4))  1
u2  9
a5  cos(90(5))  0
1 9
a6  cos(90(6))  1 u3  5
2
Order 4 2  9 1 2
u4  
29 3
444 2 1 1
b a  111(0  1  0  1)  0 u5  
r 1
r 9 3
5
2 1
u
r 1
r  2  9  5    17
3 3
5 10 15
Series is periodic so u  u   u
r 1
r
r 6
r
r 11
r

and so on.
100 5
c So  ur  20   ur  20 17  340
r 1 r 1

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