Top Notch Fundamentals - Vocabulary, Grammar (PDFDrive)

‫ﺧﻮدآﻣﻮز زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‬
‫‪Top Notch‬‬
‫)ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ(‬
‫ﺟﻠﺪ اول‬
‫‪Advance‬‬
‫‪Upper‐Intermediate‬‬
‫ﭼﺎپ دوم ـ ﺑﻬــــﺎر ‪1391‬‬ ‫‪Intermediate‬‬
‫‪Pre‐Intermediate‬‬
‫ﮔﺮدآوري و ﺗﺎﻟﻴﻒ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫‪Elementary‬‬
‫‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ‪- 1358 ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺷﻨﺎﺳﻪ‬
‫‪ :‬ﺧﻮدآﻣﻮز زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ‪Top Notch‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان و ﻧﺎم ﭘﺪﻳﺪآور‬
‫ﮔﺮدآوري و ﺗﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮان‪ :‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﮕﺮان‪.1390 ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻧﺸﺮ‬
‫‪ 4 :‬ج‪.‬؛ ‪ 11×17‬سم‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻇﺎﻫﺮي‬
‫‪ :‬دوره‪978-600-5866-27-8 :‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺑﻚ‬
‫ج‪978-600-5866-28-5 :1 .‬‬
‫ج‪978-600-5866-29-2 :2 .‬‬
‫ج‪978-600-5866-30-8 :3 .‬‬
‫ج‪978-600-5866-31-5 :4 .‬‬
‫‪ :‬ﻓﻴﭙﺎ‬ ‫وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ‬
‫‪ :‬ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ ‪ -‬اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎدداﺷﺖ‬
‫‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻨﺎﻣﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎدداﺷﺖ‬
‫‪ :‬ج‪ .1.‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ ج‪ .2.‬ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ 1‬ج‪ .3.‬ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ 2‬ج‪ .4.‬ﺳﻄﺢ‪3‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺪرﺟﺎت‬
‫‪ :‬زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ‪ --‬ﻛﺘﺎبﻫﺎي درﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﺎرﺟﻴﺎن ‪ --‬ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬
‫‪ :‬زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ‪ --‬ﺧﻮدآﻣﻮز‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬
‫‪9 1390 :‬خ ‪6‬م‪PE1128/‬‬ ‫رده ﺑﻨﺪي ﻛﻨﮕﺮه‬
‫‪ :‬ﻓﺎ ‪428/24‬‬ ‫رده ﺑﻨﺪي دﻳﻮﻳﻲ‬
‫‪2597771 :‬‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎره ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺸﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻬﺮان‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺪان وﻧﻚ‪ ،‬ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎن ﮔﺎﻧﺪي ﻫﺠﺪﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼك ‪18‬‬

‫واﺣﺪ‪ 2‬ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ‪88873718 :‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺖ اﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ‪www.PersianVi.com :‬‬
‫ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ ‪[email protected] :‬‬
‫ﻧﺎم ﻛﺘﺎب ‪ :‬ﺧﻮدآﻣﻮز زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺗﺎپ ﻧﺎچ – ﺟﻠﺪ اول‬

‫ﮔﺮدآوري و ﺗﺎﻟﻴﻒ ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬
‫ﭼﺎپ دوم ‪ :‬ﺑﻬﺎر ‪1391‬‬
‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﺟﻴﺒﻲ ‪ 80 :‬ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎرﮔﺎن ‪ 2000 :‬ﻧﺴﺨﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺑﻚ دوره ‪978-600-5866-27-8 :‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺑﻚ ‪978-600-5866-28-5 :‬‬
‫ﺑﻬﺎ ‪ 25000 :‬رﻳﺎل‬
‫ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﻘﻮق ﻣﺎدي و ﻣﻌﻨﻮي اﻳﻦ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺎﺷﺮ ﻣﺤﻔﻮظ اﺳﺖ و ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮداري از آن ﭘﻴﮕﺮد ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ دارد‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻧﺎﺷﺮ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻬﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺗﺎپ ﻧﺎچ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ اي ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ 6‬ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫)ﺑﻪ اﻧﻀﻤﺎم ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻬﺎي ﺳﺎﻣﻴﺖ( ﺑﻮده ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ﻻﻧﮕﻤﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ آﻣﻮزش‬
‫زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺟﻮاﻧﺎن و ﺟﻮاﻧﺎن ﻏﻴﺮ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ زﺑﺎن‪ ،‬ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي و‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﻮه اي ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ درس ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ اي از ﻟﻐﺎت‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻧﻜﺎت ﮔﺮاﻣﺮي ﺑﻮده و ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻬﺎرﺗﻬﺎي ﭼﻬﺎرﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ )ﺧﻮاﻧﺪن‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﺎﻟﻤﻪ و درك ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺷﻨﻴﺪاري( ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻧﻜﺎت ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ درﺳﻬﺎ‪ ،‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از زﺑﺎن ﻣﺤﺎوره واﻗﻌﻲ ﺑﺎ اﻗﺘﺒﺎس از‬
‫زﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺮدم اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ زﺑﺎن ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬از ﻃﺮف دﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺗﻲ از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻛﺮدن‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻲ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﻔﺎرش ﻏﺬا در رﺳﺘﻮران و ‪ ...‬ﻣﻮاردي از ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬
‫زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ در زﻧﺪﮔﻲ روزﻣﺮه ﺑﻮده ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب ﺑﻪ آن ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه‬
‫اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎب ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ اي از ﻧﻜﺎت ﮔﺮاﻣﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه واژﮔﺎن ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻫﺮ درس‬
‫از ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻬﺎي ﺗﺎپ ﻧﺎچ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺟﻠﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﺎپ ﻧﺎچ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎپ ﻧﺎچ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ،1‬ﺗﺎپ ﻧﺎچ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ 2‬و ﺗﺎپ ﻧﺎچ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ 3‬اراﻳﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎب راﻫﻨﻤﺎ و ﺧﻮدآﻣﻮز زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ در ﻛﻨﺎر ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻬﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ ﺗﺎپ ﻧﺎچ ﻣﻮرد‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻜﺮار و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺷﻤﺎ در آﻣﻮﺧﺘﻦ‬
‫ﻫﺮ زﺑﺎن ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺳﺲ و ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺴﺌﻮل‬
‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺟﻤﻼت زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫‪Names‬‬ ‫درس ‪.1‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺿﻤﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﻠﻜﻲ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺳﻮاﻟﻲ و ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺟﻤﻼت‬
‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪this, that‬‬ ‫‪Relationships‬‬ ‫درس ‪.2‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪what‬‬
‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪where‬‬ ‫‪Directions‬‬ ‫درس ‪.3‬‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪who‬‬ ‫‪People‬‬ ‫درس ‪.4‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪how old‬‬
‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺟﻤﻼت ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي در ﺑﻴﺎن زﻣﺎن‬ ‫‪Events & Times‬‬ ‫درس ‪.5‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺣﺮوف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ زﻣﺎن و ﻣﻜﺎن‬
‫‪28‬‬ ‫‪ ‬زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل ﺳﺎده‬ ‫‪Clothes‬‬ ‫درس ‪.6‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻼت ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ ‪wh‬‬
‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺣﺮوف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻜﺎن‬ ‫‪Home & Work‬‬ ‫درس ‪.7‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪there is, there are‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪how many‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪a lot of‬‬
‫‪41‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺳﻮم ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻔﺮد در ﺣﺎل ﺳﺎده‬ ‫‪Activities‬‬ ‫درس ‪.8‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻠﻔﻆ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ‪ s‬ﺳﻮم ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻔﺮد‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪how often‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻗﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﻜﺮار‬
‫‪46‬‬ ‫‪ ‬زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل اﺳﺘﻤﺮاري‬ ‫‪Weather & Activities‬‬ ‫درس ‪.9‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺑﻴﺎن ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ آب و ﻫﻮا‬
‫‪51‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش‬ ‫‪Food‬‬ ‫درس ‪.10‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪a, an, the‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪some, any, a lot‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪many, much‬‬
‫‪56‬‬ ‫‪ ‬زﻣﺎن ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﺎده‬ ‫‪Past Events‬‬ ‫درس ‪.11‬‬

‫‪ ‬اﻓﻌﺎل ﺑﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺪه در ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﺎده‬
‫‪ ‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ‬
‫‪62‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪should‬‬ ‫‪Appearance & Health‬‬ ‫درس ‪.12‬‬
‫‪66‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪can, may‬‬ ‫‪Abilities & Requests‬‬ ‫درس ‪.13‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪enough, too‬‬
‫‪71‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪would‬‬ ‫‪Past, Present & Future‬‬ ‫درس ‪.14‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪will, be going to‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺟﻤﻼت ﺷﺮﻃﻲ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺟﻤﻼت ﺷﺮﻃﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬
‫ﺧﻮدآﻣﻮز زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺗﺎپ ﻧﺎچ )ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ(‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪Unit 1: Names and Occupations.‬‬

‫‪Grammar.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺟﻤﻼت زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫در زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺟﻤﻼت ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ‪ +‬ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ +‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎري را اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ در ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻲ درس ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮاﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻞ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ درس ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮاﻧﺪ در ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻲ درس ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮاﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫در ﺧﺼﻮص ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎي ﺟﻤﻼت زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ در درﺳﻬﺎي‬
‫آﻳﻨﺪه ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺧﻮاﻫﻴﻢ داد‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺿﻤﻴﺮ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺿﻤﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺠﺎي ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ روﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﻼ ﺑﺠﺎي ﻋﻠﻲ درس‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﻮﻳﺴﻴﻢ او درس ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮاﻧﺪ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﺜﺎل‬
‫او ﺿﻤﻴﺮ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻲ اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺿﻤﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از ‪:‬‬
‫‪ : I‬ﻣﻦ ‪ : You‬ﺗﻮ ‪ : He‬او )ﻣﺮد( ‪ : She‬او )زن( ‪ : It‬او )ﺣﻴﻮان ‪ ،‬اﺷﻴﺎ(‬
‫‪ : We‬ﻣﺎ ‪ : You‬ﺷﻤﺎ ‪ : They‬آﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﻠﻜﻲ‪:‬‬

‫در زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺻﻔﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ اﺳﻢ و ﻗﺒﻞ از آن ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮد‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪) Good Book‬ﻛﺘﺎب ﺧﻮب(‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪Top Notch Fundamentals‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﻠﻜﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ از اﺳﻢ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد و ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﺖ را ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪) My Book‬ﻛﺘﺎب ﻣﻦ( ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﻠﻜﻲ اﺳﻢ را‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪود ﻛﺮده و ﺑﺪون اﺳﻢ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻧﺪارد‪ .‬ﺻﻔﺘﻬﺎي ﻣﻠﻜﻲ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از ‪:‬‬
‫‪ My‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪) My book‬ﻛﺘﺎب ﻣﻦ(‬
‫‪ Your‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪) Your book‬ﻛﺘﺎب ﺗﻮ(‬
‫‪ His‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪) His book‬ﻛﺘﺎب او ‪ -‬ﻣﺮد(‬
‫‪ Her‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪) Her book‬ﻛﺘﺎب او ‪ -‬زن(‬
‫‪ Its‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪) Its color‬رﻧﮓ آن ‪ -‬اﺷﻴﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻴﺰ (‬
‫‪ Our‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪) Our book‬ﻛﺘﺎب ﻣﺎ(‬
‫‪ Your‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪) Your book‬ﻛﺘﺎب ﺷﻤﺎ ‪-‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﺘﺎب ﺗﻮ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد(‬
‫‪ Their‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪) Their book‬ﻛﺘﺎب آﻧﻬﺎ(‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻓﻌﻞ ‪: to be‬‬

‫ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ to be‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ )ﻫﺴﺘﻦ( در ﺳﺎده ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺟﻤﻼت‬
‫اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‪ .‬اﻳﻦ ﻓﻌﻞ در زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل ﺳﺎده ﺑﺼﻮرت‬
‫‪ are , is , am‬ﺻﺮف ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻬﺎي زﻳﺮ دﻗﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪I)am astudent‬ﻣﻦ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮز ﻫﺴﺘﻢ(‬
‫‪)You are astudent‬ﺗﻮ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮز ﻫﺴﺘﻲ(‬
‫‪He‬او ‪-‬ﻣﺮد داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮز اﺳﺖ(‬
‫‪) is a student‬‬
‫‪She‬او ‪-‬زن داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮز اﺳﺖ(‬
‫‪) is a student‬‬
‫‪) It is a book‬آن ﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎب اﺳﺖ(‬
‫‪) We are students‬ﻣﺎ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮز ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ(‬

‫‪) You are students‬ﺷﻤﺎ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮز ﻫﺴﺘﻴﺪ(‬
‫‪) They are students‬آﻧﻬﺎ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮز ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ(‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬ﮔﺎﻫﻲ اوﻗﺎت از ﻣﺨﻔﻒ ﺟﻤﻼت ﻓﻮق اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪I'm a student, You're a student, He's a student‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎي ﺳﻮاﻟﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرت ‪ He is student‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪ .‬در اﻳﻦ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ‪ He‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫و ‪ is‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬در ﺟﻤﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ در زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل ﺳﺎده از اﻓﻌﺎل‬
‫‪ am , is , are‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ ﻧﻤﻮدن ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺴﺖ ﺟﺎي ﻓﻌﻞ و ﻓﺎﻋﻞ را ﻋﻮض ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل‪:‬‬
‫آﻳﺎ ﻣﻦ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮز ﻫﺴﺘﻢ ?‪Am I a student‬‬
‫آﻳﺎ ﺗﻮ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮز ﻫﺴﺘﻲ ?‪Are you a student‬‬
‫آﻳﺎ او داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮز اﺳﺖ ?‪Is he a student‬‬
‫آﻳﺎ او داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮز اﺳﺖ ?‪Is she a student‬‬
‫آﻳﺎ آن ﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎب اﺳﺖ ?‪Is it a book‬‬
‫آﻳﺎ ﻣﺎ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮز ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ ?‪Are we students‬‬
‫آﻳﺎ آﻧﻬﺎ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮز ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ?‪Are they students‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎي ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫در ﺟﻤﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ در زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل ﺳﺎده از اﻓﻌﺎل ‪am , is , are‬‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﻧﻤﻮدن ﺟﻤﻼت ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺴﺖ واژه ‪ not‬را‬
‫در اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻓﻌﻞ ﻗﺮار دﻫﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪:‬‬
‫‪I am not a student. = I'm not a student.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮز ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪You are not a student. = You aren't a student.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮز ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪He is not a student. = He isn't a student.‬‬
‫او داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮز ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪She is not a student. = She isn't a student.‬‬
‫او داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮز ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪It is not a book. = It isn't a book.‬‬
‫آن ﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎب ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪We are not students. = We aren't students.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮز ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪They are not students. = They aren't students.‬‬
‫آﻧﻬﺎ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮز ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻔﺮد و ﺟﻤﻊ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﺎ ﻛﻨﻮن در ﺟﻤﻼت ﺧﻮد از اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻔﺮد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮدﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫‪ a book‬ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮرﻣﺎن )ﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎب( اﺳﺖ‪ .‬در زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ از ‪) s‬و ﻳﺎ ‪ es‬ﻛﻪ در درﺳﻬﺎي آﺗﻲ ﺧﻮاﻫﻴﻢ‬

‫آﻣﻮﺧﺖ( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪) books‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻬﺎ(‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻬﺎي زﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﻳﻚ ﻗﻠﻢ ‪a pen :‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻤﻬﺎ ‪pens :‬‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎدداﺷﺖ ‪a note :‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎدداﺷﺘﻬﺎ ‪notes :‬‬
‫ﻳﻚ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮز ‪a student :‬‬ ‫داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان ‪students :‬‬
11 Top Notch Fundamentals
Vocabulary.
athlete:
ath∙lete / 5AWli:t/
‫ورزﺷﻜﺎر‬
someone who competes in sports competitions,
especially running, jumping, and throwing
 a professional athlete
actor:
ac∙tor / 5AktEr/
‫ﺑﺎزﻳﮕﺮ‬
someone who performs in a play or film
 She has starred with many leading actors.
pilot:
pi∙lot / 5paIlEt/
‫ﺧﻠﺒﺎن‬
someone who operates the controls of an aircraft
or spacecraft
 an airline pilot
 a fighter pilot
engineer:
en∙gi∙neer /7endVI5nIr/
‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪس‬
(‫ﺧﻮدآﻣﻮز زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺗﺎپ ﻧﺎچ )ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ‬ 12
someone whose job is to design or build roads,

bridges, machines etc
 He trained as a civil engineer (=one who
designs and builds roads, bridges etc).
architect:
ar∙chi∙tect / 5B: rkItekt/
‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎر‬
someone whose job is to design buildings
chef:
chef /Fef/
‫ﺳﺮآﺷﭙﺰ‬
a skilled cook, especially the main cook in a hotel
or restaurant
 a master chef
manager:
man∙ag∙er / 5mAnIdVEr/
‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮ‬
someone whose job is to manage part or all of a
company or other organization
 She's now assistant marketing manager for
the south east area.
 one of our regional managers
artist:
art∙ist / 5B:r tIst/
‫ﻫﻨﺮﻣﻨﺪ‬
someone who produces art, especially paintings
or drawings
 an exhibition of paintings by local artists
scientist:
sci∙en∙tist / 5saIEntIst/
‫داﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪ‬
someone who works or is trained in science
lawyer:
law∙yer / 5lC:jEr/
‫وﻛﻴﻞ‬
someone whose job is to advise people about
laws, write formal agreements, or represent
people in court
photographer:
pho∙tog∙ra∙pher /fE5tB:grEfEr/
‫ﻋﻜﺎس‬
someone who takes photographs, especially as a
professional or as an artist
 a fashion photographer
‫‪Unit 2: Relationships.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪: this / that‬‬
‫در زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﺮاي اﺷﺎره ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻲء ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ از ‪) this‬اﻳﻦ( و‬
‫ﺑﺮاي اﺷﺎره ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻲء دور از ‪) that‬آن( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫‪) this book‬اﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب( و ‪) that pen‬آن ﻗﻠﻢ(‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاي اﺷﺎره ﺑﻪ اﺷﻴﺎي ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ از ‪) these‬اﻳﻨﻬﺎ( و ﺑﺮاي‬
‫اﺷﺎره ﺑﻪ اﺷﻴﺎي دور از ‪) those‬آﻧﻬﺎ( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫‪) these books‬اﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻬﺎ( و ‪) those pens‬آن ﻗﻠﻤﻬﺎ(‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪: what‬‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺮﺳﻴﺪن اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در ﺧﺼﻮص اﺷﻴﺎ از ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻬﺎي‬
‫‪) What is this‬اﻳﻦ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟( و ‪What is that‬‬
‫)آن ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻬﺎي زﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪:‬‬
‫اﻳﻦ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟ ?‪What is this‬‬
‫اﻳﻦ ﻗﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ اﺳﺖ‪It is my pen .‬‬
‫اﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﭼﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ؟ ?‪What are these‬‬
‫آﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺘﺎب ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ‪They are books.‬‬
‫آﻧﻬﺎ ﭼﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ؟ ?‪What are those‬‬
‫آﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﻠﻤﻬﺎي ﺷﻤﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ‪Those are your pens.‬‬
Vocabulary.
classmate:
class∙mate / 5klAsmeIt/
‫ﻫﻤﻜﻼس‬
a member of the same class in a school, college
or, in the US, a university
neighbor:
neigh∙bor / 5neIbEr/
‫ﻫﻤﺴﺎﻳﻪ‬
someone who lives next to you or near you
 One of the neighbors complained about the
noise from the party.
 Our next‐door neighbors (=the people who
live in the house next to us) say they'll look
after our cat for us while we're away.
boss:
boss /bC:s/
‫رﺋﻴﺲ‬
the person who employs you or who is in charge
of you at work
 I'll have to ask my boss for a day off.
 Since I'm my own boss (=I work for myself,

rather than for an employer) , my hours are
flexible.
colleague:
col∙league / 5kBli:g/
‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎر‬
someone you work with, used especially by
professional people
 a colleague of mine from the bank
 She discussed the idea with some of her
colleagues.
Unit 3: Directions and Transportation.

Grammar.
: where ‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬
‫در زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺮﺳﻴﺪن ﻣﻜﺎن اﺷﻴﺎء از ﻋﺒﺎرت‬
:‫ ﻣﺜﺎل‬.‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‬where is it?
Where is it?
‫آن ﻛﺠﺎﺳﺖ‬
It's here.
‫اﻳﻨﺠﺎﺳﺖ‬
Where is my book?
‫ﻛﺘﺎب ﻣﻦ ﻛﺠﺎﺳﺖ‬
It's there.
‫آﻧﺠﺎﺳﺖ‬
Where is the bookstore?

‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻔﺮوﺷﻲ ﻛﺠﺎﺳﺖ؟‬
It's down the street on the left.
.‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎن ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ اﺳﺖ‬
Where's the post office?

‫اداره ﭘﺴﺖ ﻛﺠﺎﺳﺖ؟‬
It's next to the bank.
.‫ﻣﺠﺎور ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﻗﺮار دارد‬
Vocabulary.
pharmacy:
phar∙ma∙cy / 5fB:r mEsi /
‫داروﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
a shop or a part of a shop where medicines are
prepared and sold
 an all‐night pharmacy
travel agency:
'travel .agency / 5trAvEl eIdVEnsi /
‫آژاﻧﺲ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﺗﻲ‬
a company that arranges hotel rooms, plane
tickets etc for people who want to travel
newsstand:
news∙stand / 5nu:zstAnd/
‫دﻛﻪ روزﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﺮوﺷﻲ‬
a place on a street where newspapers and
magazines are sold
convenience store:
con'venience .store /kEn5vi:niEns stC:r/
‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺘﻪ‬24 ‫ﺧﻮارﺑﺎر ﻓﺮوﺷﻲ‬
a shop where you can buy food, drink, magazines
etc, that is often open 24 hours each day
bookstore:
book∙store / 5bUkstC:r/ n
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻔﺮوﺷﻲ‬
a shop that sells books
mall:
mall /mC:l/
‫ﻓﺮوﺷﮕﺎه‬
a large area where there are a lot of shops,
usually a covered area where cars are not allowed
 Let's meet at the mall and go see a movie.
 a huge new shopping mall
taxi stand:
tax∙i stand / 5tAks stAnd / n
‫اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻲ‬
a place where taxis or buses stop and wait for
passengers
 There's a taxi stand on Glen Road.
‫‪Unit 4: People.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪: who‬‬
‫در زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﺮﺳﻴﺪن ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺴﺖ از‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎرت ?‪ Who is this‬و واژه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ آن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫اﻳﻦ ﭼﻪ ﻛﺴﻲ اﺳﺖ ?‪Who is this‬‬
‫اﻳﻦ ﻣﺎدر ﻣﻦ اﺳﺖ ‪This is my mother.‬‬
‫آن ﭼﻪ ﻛﺴﻲ اﺳﺖ ?‪Who is that‬‬
‫آن ﻋﻠﻲ اﺳﺖ ‪That is Ali.‬‬
‫آﻧﻬﺎ ﭼﻪ ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ?‪Who are they‬‬
‫آﻧﻬﺎ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ‪They are my family.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪: how old‬‬

‫ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺮﺳﻴﺪن ﺳﻦ اﻓﺮاد از ﻋﺒﺎرت ?‪How old are you‬‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان از ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام از‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻬﺎي ‪ I'm 32.‬و ﻳﺎ ‪ I'm 32 years old.‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل زﻳﺮ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎي دﻳﮕﺮ اﻳﻦ واژه را ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫?‪How old are you‬‬
‫)‪I'm 32. (I'm 32 years old.‬‬
‫?‪How old is he‬‬
‫)‪He is 26. (He is 26 years old.‬‬
Vocabulary.
pretty:
pret∙ty / 5prIti/
‫ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪي زﻳﺒﺎ‬
a woman or child who is pretty has a nice,
attractive face
 a pretty little girl
 Maria looks much prettier with her hair cut
short.
handsome:
hand∙some / 5hAnsEm/
‫ﺧﻮش ﻗﻴﺎﻓﻪ‬
a man who is handsome looks attractive
 an extremely handsome young man
 Sam was tall, dark and handsome .
good‐looking:
.good‐'looking /gUd lUkIN/
‫ﺧﻮش ﻗﻴﺎﻓﻪ‬
someone who is good-looking is attractive
cute:
cute /kju:t/
‫ﺟﺬاب‬
very pretty or attractive
 The baby's so cute.
grandchild:
grandson:
granddaughter:
grand∙child / 5grAntFaIld/
‫ﻧﻮه‬
the child of your son or daughter
‫‪Unit 5: Events and Times.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺟﻤﻼت ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي در ﺑﻴﺎن زﻣﺎن ‪:‬‬
‫در زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺮﺳﻴﺪن ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺎرت ?‪what time is it‬‬
‫ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‪ .‬ﺑﺮاي اﻋﻼن ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ از دﺳﺘﻮر اﻟﻌﻤﻞ زﻳﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮد ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬زﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ ﻋﻘﺮﺑﻪ ﺑﺰرگ روي ‪ 12‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ از اﻟﮕﻮي ‪It is x o'clock‬‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪) It is one o'clock‬ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻳﻚ اﺳﺖ(‬
‫‪ - 2‬زﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ ﻋﻘﺮﺑﻪ ﺑﺰرگ ﺑﺮ روي ‪ 15‬دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ از اﻟﮕﻮي‬
‫‪ It is a quarter past x‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫‪) It is a quarter past one‬ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻳﻚ و رﺑﻊ اﺳﺖ(‬
‫‪ - 3‬زﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ ﻋﻘﺮﺑﻪ ﺑﺰرگ ﺑﺮ روي ‪ 45‬دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ از اﻟﮕﻮي‬
‫‪ It is a quarter‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫‪to x‬‬
‫‪) It is a quarter to two‬ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻳﻚ رﺑﻊ ﺑﻪ دو اﺳﺖ(‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬ﺑﺠﺎي ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ‪ 12‬ﻇﻬﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان از ﻋﺒﺎرت ‪ It is noon.‬و‬

‫ﺑﺠﺎي ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ‪ 12‬ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺷﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان از ﻋﺒﺎرت ‪It is midnight.‬‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻴﺎن ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻇﻬﺮ از ‪ AM‬و ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻇﻬﺮ از ‪PM‬‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫)ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ‪ 8‬ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻇﻬﺮ اﺳﺖ( ‪It is 8:00 PM‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺣﺮوف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ زﻣﺎن ‪:‬‬

‫در زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺣﺮف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ‪ in‬ﺑﺮاي ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ از روز و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻣﺎه‪ ،‬ﺳﺎل و ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening,‬‬
‫‪in January‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ‪ at‬ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺷﺐ‪،‬ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺷﺐ‪ ،‬ﻇﻬﺮ‪،‬‬

‫ﺳﭙﻴﺪه دم و ‪ ...‬ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺮده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪at night, at midnight, at noon, at dawn,‬‬
‫‪at midday, at sunrise‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬ﺣﺮف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ زﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ داده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬

‫‪ at‬اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪at 11 AM‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺣﺮوف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻜﺎن ‪:‬‬
‫ﺣﺮوف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ‪ in‬و ‪ at‬ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎ )ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﺳﺮﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه( ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ‬
‫رود‪.‬‬
‫‪She is in a hospital.‬‬
‫او در ﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن اﺳﺖ‬
‫‪They are in an office.‬‬
‫آﻧﻬﺎ در ﻳﻚ دﻓﺘﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻬﺎي ‪ at home‬و ‪ at work‬و‬

‫‪ at school‬و ‪ ...‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم دادن ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻛﺎرﻛﺮدن ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮ ﻛﺎر ﺑﻮدن( ﺑﺪون ذﻛﺮ ‪ a‬و ‪ ، an‬ﺣﺮف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ‪at‬‬
‫ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺮده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬در ﻏﻴﺮ اﻳﻨﺼﻮرت ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮار‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ در ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ از ‪ in‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫او در ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪She works at home.‬‬
‫آﻧﻬﺎ در ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ‪They work at school.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺳﺮ ﻛﺎر ﻫﺴﺘﻢ ‪I am at work.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬ﺣﺮف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ‪ on‬ﻗﺒﻞ از اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪On Gandi street‬‬
Vocabulary.
a movie:
mov∙ie / 5mu:vi/
‫ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺳﻴﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ‬
a film made to be shown at the cinema or on
television
 Do you want to see a movie tonight?
 Maybe we'll go to a movie .
a play:
play /pleI/
‫ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ‬،‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ‬
a story that is written to be performed by actors,
especially in a theatre
 a play by Chekhov
 Eliot wrote plays as well as poetry.
a concert:
con∙cert / 5kB:nsErt/
‫ﻛﻨﺴﺮت‬
a performance given by musicians or singers
 live concert performances
 a concert of French choral music
party:
par∙ty / 5pB:rti/
‫ ﻣﻴﻬﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬، (‫ﺟﺸﻦ )ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺟﺸﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﺪ‬
a social event when a lot of people meet together
to enjoy themselves by eating etc
 We're having a birthday party on Saturday.
Would you like to come?
game:
game /geIm/
‫ ﺑﺎزي‬،‫ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﻪ‬
an activity or sport in which people compete with
each other according to agreed rules
 Did you see the game on TV last night?
speech:
speech /spi:tF/
‫ﺳﺨﻨﺮاﻧﻲ‬
a talk, especially a formal one about a particular
subject, given to a group of people
 a campaign speech
‫‪Unit 6: Clothes.‬‬
‫‪ ‬زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل ﺳﺎده‪:‬‬
‫در زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻴﺎن ﺣﻘﺎﻳﻖ و ﻳﺎ اﻣﻮر روزﻣﺮه و روﺗﻴﻦ از زﻣﺎن‬
‫ﺣﺎل ﺳﺎده اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻣﺜﻼ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮاﻧﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺧﻮاﻧﺪن زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﺼﻮرت روزﻣﺮه و ﺗﻜﺮاري ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫و ﻳﺎ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ در ﻓﺼﻞ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن زﻣﻴﻦ ﮔﺮم ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎن ﺣﻘﺎﻳﻖ در ﺧﺼﻮص ﻓﺼﻠﻬﺎ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺟﻤﻼت زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل ﺳﺎده ﺑﺼﻮرت زﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫)ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎي ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ( ‪ +‬ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ +‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎل زﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪I Speak English.‬‬
‫‪You Speak English.‬‬
‫‪ I , You‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﺟﻤﻼت و ‪ Speak‬ﻓﻌﻞ و ‪ English‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎي ﺳﻮاﻟﻲ زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل ﺳﺎده ‪:‬‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻴﺎن ﺟﻤﻼت ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ در زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل ﺳﺎده ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺴﺖ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ‬
‫ﺟﺎي ﻓﻌﻞ و ﻓﺎﻋﻞ را ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻋﻮض ﻛﺮده و ﺑﻪ اﺑﺘﺪاي ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ‪ Do‬و‬
‫‪) Does‬ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻮم ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻔﺮد( اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ‪ Do‬و ‪Does‬‬
‫اﻓﻌﺎل ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ در درﺳﻬﺎي آﺗﻲ در ﻣﻮرد آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬

‫ﺧﻮاﻫﻴﻢ آﻣﻮﺧﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدن ‪ Does‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻼت ﺳﻮم ﺷﺨﺺ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺮد ‪ ) s ،‬وﻳﺎ ‪ es‬در ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ ( از اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻓﻌﻞ اﺻﻠﻲ ﺣﺬف ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﮔﺮدد‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫‪I speak English.‬‬
‫?‪Do I speak English‬‬
‫‪He speaks English.‬‬

‫?‪Does he speak English‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎي ﻣﻨﻔﻲ زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل ﺳﺎده ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺟﻤﻼت ﻣﻨﻔﻲ در زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل ﺳﺎده ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺴﺖ واژه‬
‫‪ do not‬را ﻣﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ و ﻓﻌﻞ اﺻﻠﻲ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﺟﻤﻼت ﺳﻮم ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻔﺮد از ‪ does not‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل‪:‬‬
‫‪I speak English.‬‬
‫‪I do not speak English.‬‬
‫‪He speaks English.‬‬

‫‪He does not speak English.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻼت ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫در ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻼت ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل ﺳﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان از‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎي زﻳﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد‪:‬‬
‫?‪Do you speak English‬‬
‫‪Yes, I do.‬‬
‫?‪Does she speak English‬‬
‫‪Yes, she does.‬‬

‫‪No, I do not.‬‬
‫‪No, she does not.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺠﺎي ‪ do not‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان از ﻣﺨﻔﻒ آن‬

‫‪ don't‬و ﺑﺠﺎي ‪ does not‬از ﻣﺨﻔﻒ آن ‪ doesn't‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮد‪:‬‬
‫‪No, I don't.‬‬
‫‪No, she doesn't.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪: who‬‬
‫‪ who‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ )ﭼﻪ ﻛﺴﻲ( زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود ﻛﻪ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻮرد ﺳﻮال ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛﺖ ﺳﺒﺰ دارد ‪Ali has a green coat.‬‬

‫ﭼﻪ ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﺖ ﺳﺒﺰ دارد ?‪Who has a green coat‬‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺟﻤﻼت ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ ﺑﺎ ‪ who‬ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺴﺖ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ را ﺣﺬف‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮده و ﺑﺠﺎي آن ‪ who‬را ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
‫در ﺟﻤﻼت ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ ﺑﺎ ‪ who‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﻤﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﻪ ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﺖ ﺳﺒﺰ دارد ?‪Who has a green coat‬‬
‫)ﻫﻤﺎن( ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻛﺖ ﺳﺒﺰ دارد ‪The teacher has a green coat.‬‬
‫ﭼﻪ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ دوﺳﺖ ﺗﻮ اﺳﺖ ?‪Who is your best friend‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ دوﺳﺖ ﻣﻦ اﺳﺖ ‪Ali is my best friend.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪: what‬‬
‫‪ what‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ )ﭼﻪ ﭼﻴﺰ( زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﻮاﻫﻴﻢ در‬
‫ﻣﻮرد ﭼﻴﺰي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آورﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺟﻤﻼت‬
‫ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ ﺑﺎ ‪ what‬ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺴﺖ ‪ what‬را ﺑﻪ اﺑﺘﺪاي ﺟﻤﻠﻪ آورده ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎي‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ و ﻓﺎﻋﻞ را ﻋﻮض ﻛﻨﻴﻢ و ﺟﻤﻠﻪ را ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫ﭼﻪ ﭼﻴﺰي ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪي ?‪What are you wearing‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪم ‪I'm wearing a coat.‬‬
‫آن ﭼﻴﺴﺖ ?‪What is that‬‬
‫آن ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ اﺳﺖ ‪That's a computer.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪: when‬‬
‫‪ when‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ )ﭼﻪ وﻗﺖ( زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﻮاﻫﻴﻢ در‬
‫ﺧﺼﻮص زﻣﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺟﻤﻼت‬
‫ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ ﺑﺎ ‪ when‬ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺴﺖ ‪ when‬را ﺑﻪ اﺑﺘﺪاي ﺟﻤﻠﻪ آورده ‪،‬‬
‫ﺟﺎي ﻓﻌﻞ و ﻓﺎﻋﻞ را ﻋﻮض ﻛﻨﻴﻢ و ﺟﻤﻠﻪ را ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ‬
‫ﻛﻲ ﻧﻬﺎر ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮرﻳﻢ ?‪When do we eat lunch‬‬
‫ﻇﻬﺮ ﻧﻬﺎر ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮرﻳﻢ ‪We eat lunch at noon.‬‬
‫ﻛﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﺮان رﻓﺘﻲ ?‪When did you go to Tehran‬‬

‫ﺳﺎل ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﺮان رﻓﺘﻢ ‪I went Tehran last year.‬‬
‫?‪When are you going to go France‬‬

‫ﻛﻲ ﻗﺼﺪ داري ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻪ ﺑﺮوي‬
‫‪I am going to go France next year.‬‬
‫ﺳﺎل آﻳﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻪ ﺧﻮاﻫﻢ رﻓﺖ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪: where‬‬
‫‪ where‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ )ﻛﺠﺎ( زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﻮاﻫﻴﻢ در‬
‫ﺧﺼﻮص ﻣﺤﻞ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻲ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺟﻤﻼت‬
‫ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ ﺑﺎ ‪ where‬ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺴﺖ ‪ where‬را ﺑﻪ اﺑﺘﺪاي ﺟﻤﻠﻪ آورده ‪،‬‬
‫ﺟﺎي ﻓﻌﻞ و ﻓﺎﻋﻞ را ﻋﻮض ﻛﻨﻴﻢ و ﺟﻤﻠﻪ را ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ‬

‫ﻛﺖ ﻛﺠﺎﺳﺖ ?‪Where is the coat‬‬
‫آن در ﻫﺎل اﺳﺖ ‪It's in the hall.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﻢ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻛﺠﺎﺳﺖ ?‪Where is your pen‬‬

‫ﻗﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ روي ﻣﻴﺰ اﺳﺖ ‪My pen is on the table.‬‬
‫آﻧﻬﺎ اﻫﻞ ﻛﺠﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ?‪Where are they from‬‬

‫آﻧﻬﺎ اﻫﻞ اﻳﺮان ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ‪They are from Iran.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪: which‬‬
‫‪ which‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ )ﻛﺪام( زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﻮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﭼﻴﺰ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ را ﻣﻄﺮح ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺟﻤﻼت ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ ﺑﺎ‬
‫‪ which‬ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺴﺖ ‪ which‬را ﺑﻪ اﺑﺘﺪاي ﺟﻤﻠﻪ آورده ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎي ﻓﻌﻞ و‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ را ﻋﻮض ﻛﻨﻴﻢ و ﺟﻤﻠﻪ را ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺪام ﺻﻨﺪﻟﻲ را ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮاﻫﻴﺪ ?‪Which chair do you want‬‬
‫ﺻﻨﺪﻟﻲ ﺳﺒﺰ را ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮاﻫﻢ ‪I want the green chair.‬‬
‫?‪Which one of them is your brother‬‬
‫ﻛﺪام ﻳﻚ از آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮادر ﺗﻮ اﺳﺖ‬
‫‪The tall one is my brother.‬‬
‫آن ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻗﺪه ﺑﺮادر ﻣﻦ اﺳﺖ‬
Vocabulary.
shirt:
shirt /FE:rt/
‫ﭘﻴﺮاﻫﻦ‬
a piece of clothing that covers the upper part of
your body and your arms, usually has a collar,
and is fastened at the front by buttons
 I have to wear a shirt and tie to work.
sweater:
sweat∙er / 5swetEr/
‫ ژاﻛﺖ‬،‫ﭘﻠﻮور‬
a piece of warm wool or cotton clothing with
long sleeves, which covers the top half of your
body
jacket:
jack∙et / 5dVAkIt/
‫ﻛﺖ ﻛﻮﺗﺎه و ﺳﺒﻚ‬
a short, light coat
 a leather jacket
dress:
dress /dres/
‫ﻟﺒﺎس زﻧﺎﻧﻪ‬
a piece of clothing worn by a woman or girl that

covers the top of her body and part or all of her
legs
 Sheila wore a long red dress.
blouse:
blouse /blaUs/
‫ﺑﻠﻮز زﻧﺎﻧﻪ‬
a shirt for women
 a silk blouse
pants:
pants /pAnts/
‫ﺷﻠﻮار‬
a piece of clothing that covers you from your
waist to your feet and has a separate part for each
leg
 She was wearing dark blue pants and a white
sweater.
suit:
suit /su:t/
‫ ﻛﺖ و داﻣﻦ‬،‫ﻛﺖ و ﺷﻠﻮار‬
a set of clothes made of the same material,
usually including a jacket with trousers or a skirt
 a business suit
‫‪Unit 7: Home and Work.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺣﺮوف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻜﺎن ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ در درﺳﻬﺎي ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺮف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ‪ in‬ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﺳﺮﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪in a hospital‬‬
‫‪in an apartment‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ از ﺣﺮف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ‪ on‬ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻧﺎم ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫‪on Gandi Street‬‬
‫‪on street‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬در آدرﺳﻬﺎي دﻗﻴﻖ از ﺣﺮف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ‪ at‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎد ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪I live at 18 Gandi Street.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ در ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎن ﮔﺎﻧﺪي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ 18‬زﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺣﺮوف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از ‪) across‬در آن ﻃﺮف(‪،‬‬

‫‪) around‬در اﻃﺮاف(‪) about ،‬در ﺣﺪود(‪) between ،‬ﻣﻴﺎن(‪،‬‬
‫‪) opposite‬ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ(‪) inside ،‬داﺧﻞ(‪) outside ،‬ﺧﺎرج( و ‪...‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪: there is / there are‬‬

‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻴﺎن اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در ﺧﺼﻮص ﭼﻴﺰي از ‪ there is‬ﻫﻤﺮاه‬
‫ﺑﺎ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻔﺮد و ‪ there are‬ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺟﻤﻊ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫‪There is one living room in my house.‬‬

‫در ﻣﻨﺰل ﻣﻦ ﻳﻚ اﻃﺎق ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻦ ﻫﺴﺖ‬
‫‪There are two living rooms in your house.‬‬
‫در ﻣﻨﺰل ﺷﻤﺎ دو اﻃﺎق ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻦ ﻫﺴﺖ‬
‫?‪Is there a bedroom in your house‬‬
‫آﻳﺎ در ﻣﻨﺰل ﺷﻤﺎ اﻃﺎق ﺧﻮاﺑﻲ ﻫﺴﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻠﻪ ﻫﺴﺖ ‪Yes, there is.‬‬
‫ﻧﻪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ‪No, there isn't.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪: How many‬‬

‫ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺮﺳﻴﺪن ﺗﻌﺪاد اﺷﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ از ﻋﺒﺎرت‬
‫‪ How many‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻗﻠﻢ دارﻳﺪ ?‪How many pens do you have‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ ﻋﺒﺎرت ‪ pen‬ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺟﻤﻊ )‪ (pens‬ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﭘﺎﺳﺦ اﻳﻦ ﺳﻮال ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺼﻮرت زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪I have two pens.‬‬
‫‪I have one pen.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪: a lot of‬‬

‫ﻋﺒﺎرت ‪ a lot of‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ )ﺧﻴﻠﻲ و ﺗﻌﺪاد زﻳﺎدي( ‪ ،‬ﻗﺒﻞ از‬
‫اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺷﻤﺎرﺷﻲ و ﻏﻴﺮ ﺷﻤﺎرﺷﻲ )در درﺳﻬﺎي آﺗﻲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺷﻤﺎرﺷﻲ‬
‫و ﻏﻴﺮ ﺷﻤﺎرﺷﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ آﺷﻨﺎ ﺧﻮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺷﺪ( ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‪ .‬اﻳﻦ ﻋﺒﺎرت‬
‫ﻣﺎﻗﺒﻞ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻲ آﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺎﻻي ‪ 10‬ﻋﺪد از آن ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪاد زﻳﺎدي ﻛﺘﺎب ‪a lot of books.‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎرت ‪ a few‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ )ﭼﻨﺪﺗﺎﻳﻲ( ﻗﺒﻞ از اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺷﻤﺎرﺷﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر‬

‫ﻣﻲ رود‪ .‬اﻳﻦ ﻋﺒﺎرت ﻣﺎﻗﺒﻞ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻲ آﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد آن در ﺣﺪ ‪ 2‬ﻳﺎ ‪3‬‬
‫ﻋﺪد ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺘﺎب ‪a few books.‬‬
Vocabulary.
upstairs:
up∙stairs /7Qp5sterz/
‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ‬
towards or on an upper floor in a building
 I went upstairs and had a shower.
 She's upstairs in bed feeling ill.
downstairs:
down∙stairs /7daUn5sterz/
‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬
towards or on a lower floor of a building,
especially a house
 Rosie ran downstairs to answer the door.
 Charles was downstairs in the kitchen.
bathroom:
bath∙room / 5bAWrU:m/
‫ﺣﻤﺎم و دﺳﺘﺸﻮﻳﻲ‬
a room where there is a bath or shower, a basin,
and sometimes a toilet
 Can you tell me where the bathroom is?
 I really need to go to the bathroom (=use a
toilet)
living room:
'living room / 5lIvIN ru:m/
‫اﻃﺎق ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻦ‬
the main room in a house where people relax,
watch television etc
bedroom:
bed∙room / 5bedru:m/
‫اﻃﺎق ﺧﻮاب‬
a room for sleeping in
closet:
clos∙et / 5klB:zIt/
‫ﻛﻤﺪ ﻟﺒﺎس‬
a cupboard built into the wall of a room from the
floor to the ceiling
dining room:
'dining room /5dQInIN ru:m /
‫اﻃﺎق ﻧﻬﺎر ﺧﻮري‬
a room where you eat meals in a house or hotel
kitchen:
kitch∙en / 5kItFIn/
‫آﺷﭙﺰﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫‪Unit 8: Activities.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺳﻮم ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻔﺮد در زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل ﺳﺎده ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮر ﻛﻪ در درﺳﻬﺎي ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪ ‪ ،‬اﻓﻌﺎل ﺳﻮم ﺷﺨﺺ در‬
‫زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل ﺳﺎده ﺑﺎ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪن ‪) s‬و ﻳﺎ ‪ (es‬ﺑﻪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي آﻧﻬﺎ ﺻﺮف ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪) She works‬او ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ(‬
‫زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي اﻓﻌﺎل ﺳﻮم ﺷﺨﺺ ﺑﻪ ‪s , x , o , z , ch , sh‬‬
‫ﺧﺘﻢ ﺷﻮد ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي آن ‪ es‬اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل‪:‬‬
‫‪wash ► washes‬‬
‫‪teach ► teaches‬‬
‫‪dress ► dresses‬‬
‫‪fix ► fixes‬‬
‫زﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي اﻓﻌﺎل ﺳﻮم ﺷﺨﺺ ﺑﻪ ‪ y‬ﺧﺘﻢ ﺷﻮد ‪ y ،‬ﺣﺬف ﮔﺸﺘﻪ و‬
‫ﺑﺠﺎي آن ‪ ies‬ﺑﻪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻓﻌﻞ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫‪cry ► cries‬‬
‫‪try ► tries‬‬
‫‪study ► studies‬‬
‫‪worry ► worries‬‬
‫اﮔﺮ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي اﻓﻌﺎل ﺳﻮم ﺷﺨﺺ ﺑﻪ ‪ ay , oy , uy‬ﺧﺘﻢ ﺷﻮد ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎم‬
‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪن ‪ ،s‬ﺑﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫‪stay ► stays‬‬
‫‪buy ► buys‬‬
‫‪enjoy ► enjoys‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻠﻔﻆ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ‪ S‬در اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺟﻤﻊ و ﺳﻮم ﺷﺨﺺ اﻓﻌﺎل ‪:‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اول‪ :‬اﮔﺮ ﻟﻐﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ از اﺻﻮات )‪(/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/‬‬
‫ﺧﺘﻢ ﺷﻮد‪ s ،‬ﺑﺼﻮرت ‪ /s/‬ﺗﻠﻔﻆ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل‪:‬‬
‫‪cups, cats, breaks, stops‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن دوم‪ :‬اﮔﺮ ﻟﻐﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ از اﺻﻮات‬

‫)‪ (/s/ /z/ /F/ /tF/ /dV/‬ﺧﺘﻢ ﺷﻮد‪ s ،‬ﺑﺼﻮرت ‪ /Iz/‬ﺗﻠﻔﻆ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل‪:‬‬
‫‪buses, lunches, raises, brushes, pushes, bridges‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺳﻮم‪ :‬اﮔﺮ ﻟﻐﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﺣﺮوف ﺻﺪادار ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬

‫)‪ a, e, I, o, u‬و ﮔﺎﻫﻲ اوﻗﺎت ‪ (y‬و ﻳﺎ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﺣﺮوف ﺻﺎﻣﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻔﻆ آن ﺑﺎ ارﺗﻌﺎش ﺣﻨﺠﺮه ﻫﻤﺮاه اﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫)‪(/b/ /d/ /v/ /V/ /g/ /z/ /dV/ /n/ /m/ /N/‬‬
‫ﺧﺘﻢ ﺷﻮد‪ s ،‬ﺑﺼﻮرت ‪ /z/‬ﺗﻠﻔﻆ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل‪:‬‬
‫‪trees, days, shoes, flies, games, heads, trains,‬‬
‫‪songs‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪: how often‬‬
‫در زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺮﺳﻴﺪن ﺗﻜﺮار ﻛﺎري از ﻋﺒﺎرت‬
‫‪ How often‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ وﻗﺖ ﻳﻜﺒﺎر ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻲ ?‪How often do you work‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻢ ‪I always work.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻗﻴﺪ ﺗﻜﺮار‪:‬‬

‫ﻗﻴﻮد ﺗﻜﺮار در زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل ﺳﺎده ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺸﺎن دادن ﺗﻜﺮاري ﺑﻮدن ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‪ .‬ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﻴﻮد ﺗﻜﺮار ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از‪:‬‬
‫‪ : always‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ‪ %100 -‬ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ‬
‫‪ : usually‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ اﻏﻠﺐ ‪ %90 -‬ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ‬
‫‪ : often‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ‪ %80 -‬ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ‬
‫‪ : sometimes‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ وﻗﺘﻬﺎ ‪ %50 -‬ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ‬
‫‪ : rarely / seldom‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺪرت ‪ %10 -‬ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ‬
‫‪ : never‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻫﻴﭽﻮﻗﺖ ‪ %0 -‬ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬ﻗﻴﺪ ﺗﻜﺮار ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻓﻌﻞ اﺻﻠﻲ و ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻓﻌﻞ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ‬
‫)ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ (am , is , are‬ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻢ ‪I always speak English.‬‬
‫او اﻏﻠﺐ زﻳﺒﺎ اﺳﺖ ‪She is usually beautiful.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬ﻗﻴﺪ ﺗﻜﺮار ‪ usually‬و ‪ sometimes‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در‬
‫اﺑﺘﺪاي ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل‪:‬‬
‫‪Sometimes I work in an office.‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ وﻗﺘﻬﺎ در ﻳﻚ دﻓﺘﺮ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪Usually he works in a store.‬‬
‫اﻏﻠﺐ او در ﻳﻚ ﻣﻐﺎزه ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
Vocabulary.
get up:
get up /get Qp/
‫ﺑﺮ ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻦ‬
to rise from bed
get dressed:
get dressed / get drest/
‫ﻟﺒﺎس ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪن‬
to put your clothes on
 Go and get dressed!
brush:
brush /brQF/
‫ ﺑﺮس زدن‬،‫ﻣﺴﻮاك زدن‬
to clean something or make something smooth
and tidy using a brush
 Don't forget to brush your teeth.
shave:
shave /FeIv/
‫ اﺻﻼح ﻛﺮدن‬،‫ﺗﺮاﺷﻴﺪن‬
to cut off hair very close to the skin, especially
from the face, using a razor
 He hadn't shaved for days.
makeup:
'make‐up / 5meIkQp/
‫ ﮔﺮﻳﻢ‬،‫آراﻳﺶ‬
coloured substances that are put on your face to
improve or change your appearance
 I don't usually wear much make‐up .
 I'm just putting my make‐up on , then I'll be
ready.
get undressed:
get undressed / get Qndrest/
‫ﻟﺒﺎس از ﺗﻦ ﺑﻴﺮون آوردن‬
not wearing any clothes
 He started to get undressed (=to take his
clothes off) .
take a shower:
take a show∙er / teIk E FaUr/
‫دوش ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬
an act of washing your body while standing under
a shower
 Nick rolled out of bed and took a shower.
‫‪Unit 9: Weather and Ongoing Activities.‬‬

‫‪ ‬زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل اﺳﺘﻤﺮاري ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﺣﺎل اﺳﺘﻤﺮاري روﻳﺪادي اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎﺿﺮ در ﺣﺎل وﻗﻮع‬
‫ﺑﻮده و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻜﺮار ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﻢ اﻛﻨﻮن ﻣﻦ دارم ﺳﻴﮕﺎر ﻣﻲ ﻛﺸﻢ ‪I am smoking now.‬‬
‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻓﻮق اﺳﺘﻤﺮار ﺳﻴﮕﺎر ﻛﺸﻴﺪن در ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫در ﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ‪ I smoke a cigarette‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﻋﺎدت‬
‫ﺳﻴﮕﺎر ﻛﺸﻴﺪن اﺳﺖ‪) .‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼ ﺳﻴﮕﺎر ﻣﻲ ﻛﺸﻢ(‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺟﻤﻼت ﺣﺎل اﺳﺘﻤﺮاري ﺑﺼﻮرت زﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ + ing‬ﻓﻌﻞ اﺻﻠﻲ ‪ +am,is,are +‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺎران در ﺣﺎل ﺑﺎرﻳﺪن اﺳﺖ )‪It is raining. = (It's raining.‬‬
‫ﺧﻮرﺷﻴﺪ در ﺣﺎل درﺧﺸﻴﺪن اﺳﺖ ‪The sun is shining.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮف در ﺣﺎل ﺑﺎرﻳﺪن اﺳﺖ )‪It is snowing. = (It's snowing.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎي ﻣﻨﻔﻲ زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل اﺳﺘﻤﺮاري‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺴﺖ ﭘﺲ از اﻓﻌﺎل ‪ am,is,are‬از واژه ‪ not‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺟﻤﻼت ﺳﻮاﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ آوردن ‪ am,is,are‬ﺑﻪ اﺑﺘﺪاي ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫‪The sun is not shining.‬‬
‫?‪Is it raining‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬اﮔﺮ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻓﻌﻞ ﺑﻪ ‪ e‬ﺧﺘﻢ ﺷﻮد‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎم اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪن ‪ ing‬ﺑﻪ‬
‫آن‪ e ،‬ﺣﺬف ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪write ► writing‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬اﮔﺮ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻓﻌﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮف ﺑﻲ ﺻﺪا ﺧﺘﻢ ﺷﻮد و ﻣﺎﻗﺒﻞ آن‬
‫ﺣﺮف ﺻﺪادار ﻗﺮار داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎم اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪن ‪ ing‬ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ﺑﻲ ﺻﺪا ﺗﻜﺮار ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪run ► running‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬اﻓﻌﺎل ﺣﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪون ﻗﺼﺪ و اراده اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ‬

‫ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺣﺎل اﺳﺘﻤﺮاري )‪ ing‬دار( ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺮده ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫اﻳﻦ اﻓﻌﺎل ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از‪:‬‬
‫‪want, need, like, hate, see, feel, know, seem,‬‬
‫… ‪mean ,‬‬
‫‪I feel cold.‬‬
‫‪I see her.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺑﻴﺎن ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ آب و ﻫﻮا ‪:‬‬

‫ﻋﺒﺎرت ‪ How is the weather‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ )ﻫﻮا ﭼﻄﻮر اﺳﺖ(‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺮاي آﻏﺎز ﻣﻜﺎﻟﻤﺎت روزﻣﺮه ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‪ .‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻴﺎن دﻣﺎي‬
‫ﻫﻮا ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان از ﻟﻐﺘﻬﺎي زﻳﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد‪:‬‬
‫‪ : Hot‬داغ ‪ -‬دﻣﺎي ﺣﺪود ‪ 40‬درﺟﻪ‬

‫‪ : Warm‬ﮔﺮم ‪ -‬دﻣﺎي ﺣﺪود ‪ 25‬درﺟﻪ‬
‫‪ : Cool‬ﺳﺮد ‪ -‬دﻣﺎي ﺣﺪود ‪ 10‬درﺟﻪ‬
‫‪ : Cold‬ﻳﺦ ‪ -‬دﻣﺎي ﺣﺪود ﺻﻔﺮ درﺟﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻮا ﭼﻄﻮر اﺳﺖ؟ ?‪How is the weather‬‬
‫ﻫﻮا ﮔﺮم اﺳﺖ ‪It is warm.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪: what are you doing‬‬

‫در زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﺮﺳﻴﺪن ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮد از ﻋﺒﺎرت ?‪ What are you doing‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻋﺒﺎرت و ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ آن ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ در زﻣﺎن‬
‫ﺣﺎل اﺳﺘﻤﺮاري ﺑﻴﺎن ﮔﺮدد‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل‪:‬‬
‫?‪What are you doing now‬‬
‫داري ﭼﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻲ؟‬
‫‪I am reading my book.‬‬
‫دارم ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻢ را ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮاﻧﻢ‬
Vocabulary.
cloudy:
cloud∙y / 5klaUdi/
‫اﺑﺮي‬
a cloudy sky, day etc is dark because there are a
lot of clouds
 a cloudy night with some light rain
 Tomorrow, it will be cloudy and cool.
sunny:
sun∙ny / 5sQni/
‫آﻓﺘﺎﺑﻲ‬
having a lot of light from the sun
 a warm sunny day
 I hope it's sunny tomorrow.
windy:
wind∙y / 5wIndi/
‫ﭘﺮ ﺑﺎد‬
if it is windy, there is a lot of wind
 It's too windy for a picnic.
 a cold, windy day
raining:
raining /reInIN/
‫در ﺣﺎل ﺑﺎرش ﺑﺎران‬
if it rains, drops of water fall from clouds in the
sky
 Outside it was still raining.
 It is raining very hard.
snowing:
snowing / snoUIN/
‫در ﺣﺎل ﺑﺎرش ﺑﺮف‬
if it snows, snow falls from the sky
 It snowed all night.
 It started snowing around five.
‫‪Unit 10: Food.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش‪:‬‬
‫اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺷﻤﺎرﺷﻲ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﺘﺎب ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰ ‪ .‬اﺳﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﺎ ‪ ) s‬و ﻳﺎ ‪ ( es‬ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪books , tables‬‬
‫اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺷﻤﺎرﺷﻲ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش‬
‫ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ آب‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻚ‪ ،‬ﺣﺒﻮﺑﺎت و ‪...‬‬
‫اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺷﻤﺎرﺷﻲ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﻔﺮد در ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ و‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﻮاﻫﻴﻢ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺷﻤﺎرﺷﻲ را ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺟﻤﻊ در ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺒﺮﻳﻢ از ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﻮان ‪ ،‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮ و ‪ ...‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع‬
‫اﺳﻢ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫دو ﻟﻴﻮان آب ‪two glasses of water‬‬
‫دو ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ‪two kilos of rice‬‬
‫ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﻪ ﻧﺎن ‪three pieces of bread‬‬
‫از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎت ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮدر ‪ ،‬ﺣﺒﻮﺑﺎت ‪،‬‬
‫ﮔﻮﺷﺖ و ‪ ...‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫‪milk, cola, tea, coffee, water‬‬
‫‪flour, salt, sugar, rice, pepper‬‬
‫‪beef, lamb, chicken, fish‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪: a / an / the‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ در درﺳﻬﺎي ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ دﻳﺪﻳﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ از اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻔﺮد از‬
‫‪ a‬و ‪ an‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻲء‬
‫ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺻﻲ اﺷﺎره ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ از ‪ the‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‪ .‬ﻣﺜﻼ ‪a book‬‬
‫)ﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎب( و ‪) the book‬ﻛﺘﺎب ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ(‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان از ‪ the‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ‬

‫اﺷﻴﺎي ﺧﺎﺻﻲ اﺷﺎره ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪ ،‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪the books‬‬
‫)ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻬﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ(‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬در اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺷﻤﺎرﺷﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ‪ s‬و ‪ es‬ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪،‬‬

‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان از ‪ the‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺷﻴﺎي ﺧﺎﺻﻲ اﺷﺎره ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ the water‬ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫آب )ﺑﻄﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ(ﺧﻨﻚ اﺳﺖ ‪Water is cold.‬‬
‫‪The water in my glass is cold.‬‬
‫آﺑﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻟﻴﻮان ﻣﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ اﺳﺖ ‪Rice is white.‬‬

‫‪The rice in my plate is white.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺠﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﺑﺸﻘﺎب ﻣﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪: some / any / a lot of‬‬

‫‪ some‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ )ﺗﻌﺪادي( و ‪ any‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ )ﻫﻴﭽﻲ( و‬
‫‪ a lot of‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ )ﺧﻴﻠﻲ( ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺷﻤﺎرﺷﻲ و ﻏﻴﺮ ﺷﻤﺎرﺷﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺮده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫‪I have some apples.‬‬
‫‪I have some water.‬‬
‫‪I have a lot of apples.‬‬

‫‪I have a lot of water.‬‬
‫‪I don't have any apples.‬‬

‫‪I don't have any water.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪: many / much‬‬
‫‪ many‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ )ﺗﻌﺪاد زﻳﺎد( ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ از اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺷﻤﺎرﺷﻲ ﻣﻲ‬
‫آﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪) many books‬ﺗﻌﺪاد زﻳﺎدي ﻛﺘﺎب(‬
‫‪ much‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ )ﻣﻘﺪار زﻳﺎد( ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ از اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺷﻤﺎرﺷﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻲ آﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪) much water‬ﻣﻘﺪار زﻳﺎدي آب(‬
‫‪I have many apples.‬‬
‫‪I have much water.‬‬
Vocabulary.
lemon:
lem∙on / 5lemEn/
‫ﻟﻴﻤﻮ ﺗﺮش‬
a fruit with a hard yellow skin and sour juice
 a slice of lemon
 Add a few drops of lemon juice.
tomato:
to∙ma∙to /tE5meItoU/
‫ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ‬
a round soft red fruit eaten raw or cooked as a
vegetable
 tomato juice
potato:
po∙ta∙to /pE5teItoU/
‫ﺳﻴﺐ زﻣﻴﻨﻲ‬
a round white vegetable with a brown, red, or
pale yellow skin, that grows under the ground
 Marie stood at the sink, peeling potatoes
(=cutting off the skin) .
pepper:
pep∙per / 5pepEr/
‫ﻓﻠﻔﻞ‬
a powder that is used to add a hot taste to food
bean:
bean /bi:n/
‫ﻟﻮﺑﻴﺎ‬
a seed or a pod (=case containing seeds) , that
comes from a climbing plant and is cooked as
food. There are very many types of beans.
 baked beans
 green beans
pea:
pea /pi:/
‫ﻧﺨﻮد ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ‬
a round green seed that is cooked and eaten as a
vegetable, or the plant on which these seeds grow
juice:
juice /dVu:s/
‫آب ﻣﻴﻮه‬
the liquid that comes from fruit and vegetables,
or a drink that is made from this
 a carton of orange juice
‫‪Unit 11: Past Events.‬‬

‫‪ ‬زﻣﺎن ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﺎده ‪:‬‬
‫زﻣﺎن ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﺎده ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻴﺎن ﻓﻌﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ در ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ‬
‫اﺗﻔﺎق اﻓﺘﺎده و ﺧﺎﺗﻤﻪ ﭘﻴﺪا ﻛﺮده ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ دﻳﺮوز ﻛﺎر ﻛﺮدم ‪I worked yesterday.‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر زﻣﺎن ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﺎده ﺑﺼﻮرت زﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻓﻌﻞ اﺻﻠﻲ‪ +‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬اﻓﻌﺎل ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﻋﺪه ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰودن ‪ ed‬ﺑﻪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺳﺎده ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪rain ► rained‬‬
‫‪work ► worked‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬زﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻓﻌﻞ ﺑﻪ ‪ e‬ﺧﺘﻢ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ‬
‫زﻣﺎن ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ ،‬اﻓﺰودن ‪ d‬ﺑﻪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي آن ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫‪exercise ► exercised‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬زﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻓﻌﻞ ﺑﻪ ‪ y‬ﺧﺘﻢ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻗﺒﻞ از ‪ y‬ﺣﺮف‬
‫ﺻﺪادار وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ y ،‬ﺣﺬف ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺠﺎي آن ‪ ied‬ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮد‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪study ► studied‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬زﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻓﻌﻞ ﺑﻪ ‪ y‬ﺧﺘﻢ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻗﺒﻞ از ‪ y‬ﺣﺮف‬

‫ﺻﺪادار وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻋﺎدي ‪ yed‬ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪play ► played‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬اﮔﺮ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻓﻌﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮوف ﺻﺪا دار ﺧﺘﻢ ﻧﺸﻮد وﻟﻲ ﻣﺎﻗﺒﻞ آن‬
‫ﺣﺮف ﺻﺪا دار ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎم اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪن ‪ ed‬ﺣﺮف آﺧﺮ ﺗﻜﺮار ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪stop ► stopped‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻓﻌﺎل ﺑﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺪه در ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﺎده‪:‬‬
‫اﻓﻌﺎل ﺑﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺪه در زﻣﺎن ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﺎده ﺑﺎ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدن ‪ ed‬ﺑﻪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي‬
‫آﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻓﻌﻞ ﻋﻮض ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫‪go ► went :‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ رﻓﺘﻢ ‪I went to school.‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ اﻓﻌﺎل ﺑﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از‪:‬‬

‫اﻧﺠﺎم دادن ‪do ► did‬‬
‫داﺷﺘﻦ ‪have ► had‬‬
‫رﻓﺘﻦ ‪go ► went‬‬
‫آﻣﺪن ‪come ► came‬‬
‫راﻧﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻛﺮدن ‪drive ► drove‬‬
‫ﺧﻮردن ‪eat ► ate‬‬
‫ﭘﺮواز ﻛﺮدن ‪fly ► flew‬‬

‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آوردن ‪get ► got‬‬
‫دادن ‪give ► gave‬‬
‫ﺗﺮك ﻛﺮدن ‪leave ► left‬‬
‫ﺳﻮار ﺷﺪن ‪ride ► rode‬‬
‫ﮔﻔﺘﻦ ‪say ► said‬‬
‫دﻳﺪن ‪see ► saw‬‬
‫ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻦ ‪sit ► sat‬‬
‫اﻳﺴﺘﺎدن ‪stand ► stood‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ – ﺑﺮدن ‪take ► took‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻤﻼت زﻣﺎن ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﺎده ‪:‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮر ﻛﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺟﻤﻼت ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﺎده ﺑﺼﻮرت‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ‪ +‬ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻓﻌﻞ اﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﻤﻼت ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎده ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰودن ‪ did‬ﺑﻪ اﺑﺘﺪاي ﺟﻤﻠﻪ و ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻌﻞ اﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺣﺎل ﺳﺎده ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫?‪Did you come home‬‬
‫ﺟﻤﻼت ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﺎده ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰودن ‪ didn't‬ﻣﺎﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﻌﻞ اﺻﻠﻲ‬
‫و ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻌﻞ اﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺣﺎل ﺳﺎده ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪I didn't come home.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ اﻓﻌﺎﻟﻲ از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ‪ did‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬اﻳﻦ اﻓﻌﺎل ﺟﻬﺖ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ زﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻜﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ و ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮر ﻛﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ از ﻓﻌﻞ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ‪ did‬در‬

‫اﺑﺘﺪاي ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺟﻤﻼت ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ و از ﻓﻌﻞ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ‬
‫‪ didn't‬ﻣﺎﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﻌﻞ اﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺟﻤﻼت ﻣﻨﻔﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫زﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ ﻓﻌﻞ اﺻﻠﻲ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ از ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ‪ (was / were) be‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺟﻤﻼت ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ و ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺑﺪون اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ‪ did‬و ‪ didn't‬و ﺑﺼﻮرت‬
‫زﻳﺮ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ در ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ ﺑﻮدم ‪I was at school.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ در ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ ﻧﺒﻮدم ‪I was not at school.‬‬
‫آﻳﺎ ﻣﻦ در ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ ﺑﻮد ?‪Was I at school‬‬
Vocabulary.
beach:
beach /bi:tF/
‫ ﺷﻦ زار‬،‫ﺳﺎﺣﻞ درﻳﺎ‬
an area of sand or small stones at the edge of the
sea or a lake
 go to the beach
 a sandy beach
running:
run∙ning / 5rQnIN/
‫ دوﻳﺪن‬،‫دو‬
the activity or sport of running
Did you go running this morning?
running shoes
bike riding:
bike rid∙ing /baIk raIdIN/
‫دوﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺳﻮاري‬
to ride a bicycle
 go bike riding
 Let's go for a bike ride .
(go for a) walk:

walk /wC:k/
‫ﭘﻴﺎده روي‬
a journey that you make by walking, especially
for exercise or enjoyment
 Let's go for a walk . I could do with some fresh
air.
swimming:
swim∙ming / 5swImIN/
‫ﺷﻨﺎ‬
the sport of moving yourself through water using
your arms and legs
 We went swimming on Saturday.
 a swimming club
drive:
drive /draIv/
‫راﻧﻨﺪﮔﻲ‬
a journey in a car
 Let's go for a drive along the coast.
 Taylor took me for a drive through the town.
‫‪Unit 12: Appearance and Health.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪: should‬‬
‫‪ should‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم )ﺑﻬﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ‪ ( ...‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻴﺎن و درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻧﺼﺎﻳﺢ‪ ،‬راﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ و ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد در ﺟﻤﻼت ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫‪I am tired. I should go to bed .‬‬
‫ﺧﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺨﺘﺨﻮاب ﺑﺮوم‬
‫‪My mother is ill. She should not go to work .‬‬
‫ﻣﺎدرم ﺑﻴﻤﺎر اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻛﺎر ﻧﺮود‬
‫‪ should‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ﺑﻮده و ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎي ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ‪ not‬را ﺑﻪ ‪ should‬اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ آوردن‬
‫‪ should‬ﺑﻪ اﺑﺘﺪاي ﺟﻤﻼت ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان آﻧﻬﺎ را ﺳﻮاﻟﻲ ﻧﻤﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪You should not go to school today.‬‬
‫?‪Should I see a doctor‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ از ‪ should‬در زﻣﺎن ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮرﻣﺎن ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ اﺗﻔﺎق اﻓﺘﺎده و رخ ﻧﺪاده‬
‫اﺳﺖ‪ .‬در اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ‪ should‬ﺑﺼﻮرت‬
‫‪ + should have‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺳﻮم ﻓﻌﻞ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل‪:‬‬
‫‪You should have listened to your wife.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮف ﻫﻤﺴﺮت ﮔﻮش ﻣﻲ ﻛﺮدي ) وﻟﻲ ﮔﻮش ﻧﻜﺮدي(‬
Vocabulary.
headache:
head∙ache / 5hedeIk/
‫ﺳﺮدرد‬
a pain in your head
 I had a really bad headache , and couldn't go
to work.
stomachache:
stom∙ach∙ache / 5stQmEk-eIk/
‫ﻣﻌﺪه درد‬
pain in your stomach or near your stomach
earache:
ear∙ache / 5IreIk/
‫ﮔﻮش درد‬
a pain inside your ear
 I've got terrible earache and a sore throat.
backache:
back∙ache / 5bAkeIk/
‫ﻛﻤﺮدرد‬
a pain in your back
toothache:
tooth∙ache / 5tu:W-eIk/
‫دﻧﺪان درد‬
a pain in a tooth
 I've got toothache .
 I had terrible toothache all last night.
cold:
cold /koUld/
‫ زﻛﺎم‬،‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬
a common illness that makes it difficult to
breathe through your nose and often makes your
throat hurt
 I' ve got a bad cold .
 Keep your feet dry so you don't catch a cold
(=become ill).
sore:
sore/sC:r/
‫ ﺳﻮزش‬،‫ درد‬،‫زﺧﻢ‬
a part of your body that is sore is painful, because
of infection or because you have used a muscle
too much
 I had a sore throat and aching limbs.
fever:
fe∙ver / 5fi:vEr/
‫ﺗﺐ‬
an illness or a medical condition in which you
have a very high temperature
 Andy has a fever and won't be coming into
work today.
 She's running a fever (=has a fever) .
cough:
cough /kC:f/
‫ ﺳﺮﻓﻪ ﻛﺮدن‬،‫ﺳﺮﻓﻪ‬
to suddenly push air out of your throat with a
short sound, often repeatedly
 Matthew coughed and cleared his throat.
 I think I'm getting a cold or flu ‐ I've been
coughing and sneezing all day.
runny nose:
run∙ny nose / 5rQni noUz/
‫آﺑﺮﻳﺰش ﺑﻴﻨﻲ‬
a runny nose, runny eyes etc have liquid coming
out of them, usually because you have a cold
‫‪Unit 13: Abilities and Requests.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪ can‬در ﺟﻤﻼت ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ ﻣﻮدﺑﺎﻧﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ can‬در ﺟﻤﻼت ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺴﺐ اﺟﺎزه ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻢ در ﻓﺮودﮔﺎه ﻏﺬا ﺑﺨﻮرم ?‪Can I eat at the airport‬‬
‫ﺑﻠﻪ ‪ -‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻴﺪ ‪Yes, you can.‬‬
‫آﻳﺎ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻢ در ﻓﺮودﮔﺎه ﻏﺬا ﺑﺨﻮرم ?‪Can't I eat at the airport‬‬
‫ﺧﻴﺮ ‪ -‬ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻴﺪ ‪No, you can't.‬‬
‫?‪Can we leave the bus station now‬‬

‫آﻳﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻴﻢ ﺣﺎﻻ اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه اﺗﻮﺑﻮس را ﺗﺮك ﻛﻨﻴﻢ؟‬
‫‪Yes, we can leave now‬‬
‫ﺑﻠﻪ ﺣﺎﻻ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻴﻢ )اﻳﻨﺠﺎ را( ﺗﺮك ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ could‬ﻧﻴﺰ در ﺟﻤﻼت ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺴﺐ اﺟﺎزه ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود و‬

‫رﺳﻤﻲ ﺗﺮ از ‪ can‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫?‪Could I buy three tickets to Tehran‬‬
‫آﻳﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻠﻴﻂ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻬﺮان ﺑﺨﺮم‬
‫‪No, there are no ticket.‬‬
‫ﺧﻴﺮ ‪ -‬ﺑﻠﻴﻄﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫?‪Could I go with you to meet Ali in the station‬‬

‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺮاي دﻳﺪن ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﻪ اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺑﻴﺎﻳﻢ‬
‫‪Yes, you can.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪: may‬‬
‫‪ may‬ﻧﻴﺰ در ﺟﻤﻼت ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺴﺐ اﺟﺎزه ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود و‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ could‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎر رﺳﻤﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫?‪May I get some information here‬‬
‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ اﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﻗﺪري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﻢ‬
‫‪Yes, of course.‬‬
‫ﺑﻠﻪ – ﺣﺘﻤﺎ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪ can‬در ﺑﻴﺎن ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪ can‬ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻴﺎن ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ در ﺟﻤﻼت اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻢ ﮔﻴﺘﺎر ﺑﻨﻮازم ‪I can play the guitar.‬‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻢ ﺑﻪ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻛﻨﻢ‪I can speak English. .‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻴﺎن ﺟﻤﻼت ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ‪ not‬را ﺑﻪ ‪ can‬اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮد‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺟﻤﻼت ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ ﺑﺎ آوردن ‪ can‬ﺑﻪ اﺑﺘﺪاي ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل‪:‬‬
‫آﻳﺎ او ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ؟ ?‪Can he speak English‬‬
‫ﻧﻪ او ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‪No, He can't.( = he cannot.) .‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪: enough‬‬
‫‪ enough‬ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺻﻔﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ )ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﻛﺎﻓﻲ( ﺑﻮده و ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل‪:‬‬
‫‪He is old enough to go to school.‬‬
‫او ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺰرگ ﺷﺪه ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ ﺑﺮود‪.‬‬
‫‪It was warm enough to go to school.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻫﻮا ﮔﺮم ﺷﺪه ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ ﺑﺮوﻳﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪: too‬‬
‫‪ too‬ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺻﻔﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ )ﺧﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬آﻧﻘﺪر زﻳﺎد( ﺑﻮده و ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل‪:‬‬
‫‪The water is too cold.‬‬
‫آب آﻧﻘﺪر ﺳﺮد اﺳﺖ ) ﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮان در آن ﺷﻨﺎ ﻛﺮد(‬
‫‪I can't drink this tea. It's too hot.‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻢ اﻳﻦ ﭼﺎي را ﺑﻨﻮﺷﻢ‪ .‬ﺧﻴﻠﻲ داغ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ too :‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺼﻮرت زﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‪:‬‬

‫‪The water is too cold to swim.‬‬
‫‪The tea is too hot to drink.‬‬
Vocabulary.
sew:
sew /soU/
‫ دوﺧﺘﻦ‬،‫دوزﻧﺪﮔﻲ‬
to use a needle and thread to make or repair
clothes or to fasten something such as a button to
them
 I learned to sew at school.
knit:
knit /nIt/
‫ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻦ‬،‫ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪﮔﻲ‬
to make clothing out of wool, using two knitting
needles
 My grandmother taught me how to knit.
 She's knitting a sweater.
paint:
paint /peInt/
‫ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﻲ‬،‫رﻧﮓ آﻣﻴﺰي‬
to put paint on a surface, to make a picture,
design etc using paint
 A white cross was painted on the door.
 Turner is famous for painting landscapes.
draw:
draw /drC:/
‫ رﺳﻢ ﻛﺮدن‬،‫ﻛﺸﻴﺪن‬
to produce a picture of something using a pencil,
pen etc
 She asked the little girl to draw a picture of
the man she'd spoken to.
 I've never been able to draw very well.
play (violin):
play /pleI/
‫ﻧﻮاﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ آﻻت ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻲ‬
to perform a piece of music on a musical
instrument
 He's learning to play the piano.
 Haden has played with many jazz greats.
fix (car):
fix /fIks/
‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ‬
to repair something that is broken or not working
properly
 He's outside fixing the brakes on the car.
 Ellis was able to quickly find and fix the
problem.
‫‪Unit 14: Past, Present, and Future Plans.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪ would‬در ﺟﻤﻼت ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ ﻣﻮدﺑﺎﻧﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ would‬در ﺟﻤﻼت ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﻣﻮدﺑﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‪.‬‬
‫?‪Would you buy me a ticket‬‬
‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺧﻮاﻫﺶ ﻛﻨﻢ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻦ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻠﻴﻂ ﺑﺨﺮﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻠﻪ ‪ -‬ﺣﺘﻤﺎ ‪Yes, of course.‬‬
‫‪ will you‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ would‬ﺟﻬﺖ درﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻬﺎي ﻣﻮدﺑﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ‬

‫رود‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫?‪Will you buy me a ticket‬‬
‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺧﻮاﻫﺶ ﻛﻨﻢ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻦ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻠﻴﻂ ﺑﺨﺮﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻠﻪ ‪ -‬ﺣﺘﻤﺎ ‪Yes, of course.‬‬
‫‪ would you like‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﺎرف ﻛﺮدن ﭼﻴﺰي ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‪.‬‬

‫?‪Would you like a cup of tea‬‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻓﻨﺠﺎن ﭼﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻴﻞ دارﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻠﻪ – ﺣﺘﻤﺎ ‪Yes, I would like.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪ be going to‬در زﻣﺎن آﻳﻨﺪه ﺳﺎده ‪:‬‬

‫‪) be going to‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻗﺼﺪ داﺷﺘﻦ( ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻴﺎن ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ و‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي در زﻣﺎن آﻳﻨﺪه ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ )ﺑﺼﻮرت ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺪه( ﺑﻜﺎر‬
‫ﻣﻲ رود‪.‬‬
‫‪She is going to buy a new coat for winter.‬‬
‫او ﻗﺼﺪ دارد ﺗﺎ ﺑﺮاي زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ﻛﺖ ﺟﺪﻳﺪي ﺑﺨﺮﻳﺪ ‪ -‬ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
‫‪Look at the dark clouds. It's going to rain.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ اﺑﺮﻫﺎي ﺗﻴﺮه ﻧﮕﺎه ﻛﻦ‪ .‬ﺑﺰودي ﺑﺎران ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﺎرﻳﺪ ‪ -‬ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫‪I studied hard. I'm going to get a good grade.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻛﺮده ام‪ .‬ﻧﻤﺮه ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺧﻮاﻫﻢ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ‪ -‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي‬
‫در اﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ‪ be‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ‪ not‬را ﺑﻪ آن اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ و در ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ‪ be‬را ﺑﻪ اﺑﺘﺪاي ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﺎورﻳﻢ‪) .‬ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
‫‪ be‬ﺑﺼﻮرت ‪ am , is , are‬ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪( .‬‬
‫‪She is not going to buy a new coat for winter.‬‬
‫?‪Are you going to study architecture‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﻮاردي ﻛﻪ در ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻗﺼﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم آﻧﺮا داﺷﺘﻪ اﻳﻢ‬
‫وﻟﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻧﺸﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان از ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ‪be going to‬‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪She was going to see you, but she couldn't.‬‬
‫او ﻗﺼﺪ داﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻳﺪن ﺗﻮ ﺑﻴﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬وﻟﻲ ﻧﺘﻮاﻧﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪: will‬‬
‫‪ will‬ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻴﺎن آﻳﻨﺪه دور و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﺎن ﺣﻘﺎﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﻮاردي‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪون ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ در آﻳﻨﺪه اﺗﻔﺎق ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ اﻓﺘﺎد ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‪.‬‬
‫‪The film will start at 8 PM.‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻫﺸﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻇﻬﺮ ﺷﺮوع ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ‪ -‬ﺣﻘﺎﻳﻖ‬
‫‪It was hot yesterday. It'll be hot today.‬‬
‫دﻳﺮوز ﮔﺮم ﺑﻮد‪ .‬اﻣﺮوز ﮔﺮم ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد ‪ -‬ﺣﻘﺎﻳﻖ‬
‫?‪What will you do five years later‬‬
‫ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎل آﻳﻨﺪه ﭼﻪ ﻛﺎر ﺧﻮاﻫﻴﺪ ﻛﺮد؟ ‪ -‬آﻳﻨﺪه دور‬
‫در اﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ‪ will‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ‬

‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ‪ not‬را ﺑﻪ آن اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ و ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻤﻼت‬
‫ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ‪ will‬را ﺑﻪ اﺑﺘﺪاي ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﺎورﻳﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ won't :‬ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺨﻔﻒ ‪ will not‬اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪The film won't start tomorrow‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺟﻤﻼت ﺷﺮﻃﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫در زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺟﻤﻼت ﺷﺮﻃﻲ از دو ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ‪) if‐clause‬ﺷﺮط(‬
‫و ‪) main‐clause‬ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺷﺮط( ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرت اﮔﺮ آب را ﺗﺎ ‪ 100‬درﺟﻪ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮش ﻣﻲ‬
‫آﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪ .‬در اﻳﻦ ﻋﺒﺎرت اﮔﺮ آب را ﺗﺎ ‪ 100‬درﺟﻪ ﮔﺮم‬
‫ﻛﻨﻲ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺷﺮﻃﻲ )‪ (if clause‬و ﻋﺒﺎرت ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮش ﻣﻲ آﻳﺪ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺷﺮط )‪ (main clause‬ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺟﻤﻼت ﺷﺮﻃﻲ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺟﻤﻼت ﺷﺮﻃﻲ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻼﺗﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻳﻚ‬
‫واﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﻮده و ﻫﻤﻮاره ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪) :‬اﮔﺮ آب را ﺗﺎ‬
‫‪ 100‬درﺟﻪ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮش ﻣﻲ آﻳﺪ(‬
‫ﺟﻤﻼت ﺷﺮﻃﻲ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺑﺼﻮرت زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل ﺳﺎده در ﻫﺮ دو ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
‫)ﺷﺮط( و )ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺷﺮط( ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫‪If you heat water to 100C, it boils.‬‬
‫‪If there is something good on, I usually stay in‬‬
‫‪and watch TV.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺟﻤﻼت ﺷﺮﻃﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻧﻮع اول‪:‬‬
‫ﺟﻤﻼت ﺷﺮﻃﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻼﺗﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺎن آن ﺑﺎ‬
‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﻫﻤﺮاه اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺟﻤﻼت ﺷﺮﻃﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮع ﺟﻤﻼت‬
‫ﺷﺮﻃﻲ ﻧﻮع اول ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮع دوم و ﻧﻮع ﺳﻮم ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﻤﻼت ﺷﺮﻃﻲ ﻧﻮع اول ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻼﺗﻲ دﻻﻟﺖ دارد ﻛﻪ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل روﻳﺪادي‬

‫در آﻳﻨﺪه ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ را ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮط اﻧﺠﺎم ﻓﻌﻠﻲ در زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل ﺑﻴﺎن ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪If I have time, I will phone you.‬‬
‫اﮔﺮ زﻣﺎن داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﺧﻮاﻫﻢ ﻛﺮد‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺟﻤﻼت ﺷﺮﻃﻲ ﻧﻮع اول ﺑﺼﻮرت زﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ در زﻣﺎن آﻳﻨﺪه ﺳﺎده ‪ ,‬ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺷﺮط در زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل ﺳﺎده ‪if‬‬
‫‪If he studies hard, he will pass the exam.‬‬
‫اﮔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ درس ﺑﺨﻮاﻧﺪ در آزﻣﻮن ﻗﺒﻮل ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪If I have time, I'll finish the homework this‬‬
‫‪afternoon.‬‬
‫اﮔﺮ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎﺗﻢ را اﻳﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ازﻇﻬﺮ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺧﻮاﻫﻢ ﻛﺮد‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺟﻤﻼت ﺷﺮﻃﻲ ﻧﻮع اول را ﺑﺼﻮرت زﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻜﺎر‬
‫ﺑﺮد‪:‬‬
‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺷﺮط در زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل ﺳﺎده ‪ if‬ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ در زﻣﺎن آﻳﻨﺪه ﺳﺎده‬
‫‪He will pass the exam if he studies hard.‬‬
‫در آزﻣﻮن ﻗﺒﻮل ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ اﮔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ درس ﺑﺨﻮاﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪I'll finish the homework this afternoon if I have‬‬
‫‪time.‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎﺗﻢ را اﻳﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻇﻬﺮ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺧﻮاﻫﻢ ﻛﺮد اﮔﺮ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻢ‪.‬‬
Vocabulary.
architecture:
ar∙chi∙tec∙ture / 5B:rkItektFEr/
‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬
the art and practice of planning and designing
buildings
 He studied architecture at university.
medicine:
medi∙cine / 5medIsEn/
‫دارو ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ و درﻣﺎن داروﻳﻲ‬
the treatment and study of illnesses and injuries
 She studied medicine at John Hopkins
University.
 the remarkable achievements of modern
medicine
psychology:
psy∙chol∙o∙gy /saI5k B:lEdVi /
‫روان ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ‬
the study of the mind and how it influences
people's behaviour
 experts in the field of developmental
psychology
business:
busi∙ness / 5bIznIs/
‫ﺗﺠﺎرت‬
the activity of making money by producing or
buying and selling goods, or providing services
 Students on the course learn about all aspects
of business.
education:
ed∙u∙ca∙tion / 7edVE 5keIFEn/
‫آﻣﻮزش‬
the process of teaching and learning, usually at
school, college, or university ,the teaching of a
particular subject
 health education
mathematics:
math∙e∙mat∙ics /7mAWI5mAtIks/
‫رﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎت‬
the science of numbers and of shapes, including
algebra, geometry, and arithmetic
 new mathenatics
science:
sci∙ence / 5saIEns/
‫ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬
the study of science

 What did you do in science class today?
 the physical sciences
nursing:
nurs∙ing / 5nE:r sIN/
‫ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎري‬
the job or skill of looking after people who are ill,
injured, or old
 the nursing profession
 I'd love to go into nursing.
engineering:
en∙gi∙neer∙ing /7endVI5nIrIN/
‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
the work involved in designing and building
roads, bridges, machines etc
 civil engineering
law:
law /lC:/
‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﺣﻘﻮق‬
law as a subject of study, or the profession of
being a lawyer
 She's studying law in London.
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ و ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬
 Joan Saslow & Allen Ascher, Top Notch
Fundamentals , Pearson Longman 2006
 Raymond Murphy, English Grammar in Use 3rd
Edition, Cambridge University Press 2010
 Alireza Motamed, PersianVi Dictionary,
TahlilGaran 2010
 Alireza Motamed, PersianVi Elementary,
TahlilGaran 2010
‫آﻣﻮزﺷﮕﺎه ﻣﺠﺎزي زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ اي ﺟﻬﺖ ارﺗﻘﺎي‬

‫ﻣﻬﺎرﺗﻬﺎي زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺧﻮدآﻣﻮز و ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس زﻣﺎﻧﺒﻨﺪي دﻟﺨﻮاه‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن داده اﻧﺪ آﻣﻮزش از راه دور ﻫﻤﺎن‬
‫اﻧﮕﻴﺰﺷﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻛﻼﺳﻬﺎي ﺳﻨﺘﻲ وﺟﻮد دارد را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آورده و درﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻮد درﺻﺪ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺘﺮ از آﻣﻮزش اﻧﻔﺮادي ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫آﻣﻮزﺷﮕﺎه ﻣﺠﺎزي زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺳﺨﻲ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺎز ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﻳﻲ در وﻗﺖ و ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ در‬
‫ﻛﻼﺳﻬﺎي درﺳﻲ ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﻓﺮادي‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺼﺪ دارﻧﺪ در ﺣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎر و ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ و آﻣﻮﺧﺘﻦ‬
‫زﺑﺎن دوم ﺑﭙﺮدازﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺴﺐ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ اﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ آﻣﻮزﺷﮕﺎه ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ‬
‫‪www.PersianVi.com‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

Top Notch Fundamentals - Vocabulary, Grammar (PDFDrive)

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Top Notch Fundamentals - Vocabulary, Grammar (PDFDrive)

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‫ﺧﻮدآﻣﻮز زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‬

‫ﺗﻬﺮان‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺪان وﻧﻚ‪ ،‬ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎن ﮔﺎﻧﺪي ﻫﺠﺪﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼك ‪18‬‬

‫ﻧﺎم ﻛﺘﺎب ‪ :‬ﺧﻮدآﻣﻮز زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺗﺎپ ﻧﺎچ – ﺟﻠﺪ اول‬

‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺟﻤﻼت زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫‪Names‬‬ ‫درس ‪.1‬‬

‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪this, that‬‬ ‫‪Relationships‬‬ ‫درس ‪.2‬‬

‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪where‬‬ ‫‪Directions‬‬ ‫درس ‪.3‬‬

‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪who‬‬ ‫‪People‬‬ ‫درس ‪.4‬‬

‫‪28‬‬ ‫‪ ‬زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل ﺳﺎده‬ ‫‪Clothes‬‬ ‫درس ‪.6‬‬

‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺣﺮوف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻜﺎن‬ ‫‪Home & Work‬‬ ‫درس ‪.7‬‬

‫‪46‬‬ ‫‪ ‬زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل اﺳﺘﻤﺮاري‬ ‫‪Weather & Activities‬‬ ‫درس ‪.9‬‬

‫‪51‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش‬ ‫‪Food‬‬ ‫درس ‪.10‬‬

‫‪56‬‬ ‫‪ ‬زﻣﺎن ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﺎده‬ ‫‪Past Events‬‬ ‫درس ‪.11‬‬

‫‪62‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪should‬‬ ‫‪Appearance & Health‬‬ ‫درس ‪.12‬‬

‫‪66‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪can, may‬‬ ‫‪Abilities & Requests‬‬ ‫درس ‪.13‬‬

‫‪71‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪would‬‬ ‫‪Past, Present & Future‬‬ ‫درس ‪.14‬‬

‫‪Unit 1: Names and Occupations.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺿﻤﻴﺮ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﻠﻜﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﻠﻜﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ از اﺳﻢ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد و ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﺖ را ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻓﻌﻞ ‪: to be‬‬

‫‪) We are students‬ﻣﺎ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮز ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ(‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬ﮔﺎﻫﻲ اوﻗﺎت از ﻣﺨﻔﻒ ﺟﻤﻼت ﻓﻮق اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎي ﺳﻮاﻟﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎي ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ‬اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻔﺮد و ﺟﻤﻊ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ از ‪) s‬و ﻳﺎ ‪ es‬ﻛﻪ در درﺳﻬﺎي آﺗﻲ ﺧﻮاﻫﻴﻢ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻬﺎي زﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

someone whose job is to design or build roads,

 Since I'm my own boss (=I work for myself,

Unit 3: Directions and Transportation.

Where is the bookstore?

Where's the post office?

‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪: how old‬‬

‫‪Unit 5: Events and Times.‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬ﺑﺠﺎي ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ‪ 12‬ﻇﻬﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان از ﻋﺒﺎرت ‪ It is noon.‬و‬

‫‪ ‬ﺣﺮوف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ زﻣﺎن ‪:‬‬

‫ﺣﺮف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ‪ at‬ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺷﺐ‪،‬ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺷﺐ‪ ،‬ﻇﻬﺮ‪،‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬ﺣﺮف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ زﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ داده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻬﺎي ‪ at home‬و ‪ at work‬و‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬ﺣﺮف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ‪ on‬ﻗﺒﻞ از اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪:‬‬

‫اﻓﻌﺎل ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ در درﺳﻬﺎي آﺗﻲ در ﻣﻮرد آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬

‫‪He speaks English.‬‬

‫‪He speaks English.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻼت ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫?‪Do you speak English‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺠﺎي ‪ do not‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان از ﻣﺨﻔﻒ آن‬

‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛﺖ ﺳﺒﺰ دارد ‪Ali has a green coat.‬‬

‫ﭼﻪ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ دوﺳﺖ ﺗﻮ اﺳﺖ ?‪Who is your best friend‬‬

‫ﻛﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﺮان رﻓﺘﻲ ?‪When did you go to Tehran‬‬

‫?‪When are you going to go France‬‬

‫ﺟﺎي ﻓﻌﻞ و ﻓﺎﻋﻞ را ﻋﻮض ﻛﻨﻴﻢ و ﺟﻤﻠﻪ را ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ‬

‫ﻗﻠﻢ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻛﺠﺎﺳﺖ ?‪Where is your pen‬‬

‫آﻧﻬﺎ اﻫﻞ ﻛﺠﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ?‪Where are they from‬‬

a piece of clothing worn by a woman or girl that

‫‪Unit 7: Home and Work.‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ از ﺣﺮف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ‪ on‬ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻧﺎم ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺣﺮوف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از ‪) across‬در آن ﻃﺮف(‪،‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪: there is / there are‬‬

‫‪There is one living room in my house.‬‬