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    Capstone Project Proposal Draft 1 Group 3

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    Muhamad Yousaf

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    Capstone Project Proposal Draft 1 Group 3

    Uploaded by

    Muhamad Yousaf
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    9 views6 pages

    Capstone Project Proposal Draft 1 Group 3

    Uploaded by

    Muhamad Yousaf

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    ‭Capstone Project Proposal‬

    ‭Team 3:‬
    ‭Khakim Asadov, Lance Eades, Seyed Amir Mirfeizi, Fahim Hossain, Andres Luna, Daniel Le,‬
    ‭Jian-Wun Lai‬

    ‭Sustainable Hydrogen Production with Na-CO‬‭2‬ ‭Hybrid Battery‬

    ‭The objective of this proposal is to introduce the selected process and give an overview‬
    ‭of the work to be carried out in order to flesh out a technical report to assess the feasibility of a‬
    ‭plant utilizing the process. The process selected is a sodium - carbon dioxide (Na-CO‬‭2‭)‬ hybrid‬
    ‭battery that converts carbonic acid from carbon dioxide into green hydrogen as a main product‬
    ‭and possible co-product are soda (dissolved CO‬‭2‬ ‭in water), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO‬‭3‭)‬ and‬
    ‭oxygen. This process can be utilized to offset the cost of carbon sequestration and produce a‬
    ‭revenue stream from sold hydrogen instead. This produces an opportunity to further gain‬
    ‭efficiencies in blue hydrogen production and make it a more renewable process, where large‬
    ‭amounts of CO‬‭2‬ ‭is typically produced.‬
    ‭The main operating principle of the Na-CO‬‭2‬ ‭hybrid battery is the discharge of the‬
    ‭oxidation of sodium metal at anode and the hydrogen evolution at the cathode, described by‬
    ‭equation 1-3 below.‬

    ‭Anodic reaction: 2Na (s) → 2Na‬‭+‬ ‭+ 2e‬‭-‭,‬ ‬‭E‬‭0‬ ‭= −2.71 V (1)‬

    ‭Cathodic reaction: 2H‬‭+‬ ‭+ 2e− → H‬‭2‭(‬ g),‬‭E‬‭0‬ ‭= 0.00 V‬ ‭(2)‬

    ‭Net reaction: 2Na (s) + 2H‬‭+‬ ‭→ 2Na‬‭+‬ ‭+ H‬‭2‬‭(g),‬‭E‬‭0‬ ‭= 2.71 V (3)‬

    ‭The hydrogen ions are supplied by the dissolution of carbon dioxide into water according‬
    ‭to the reactions below.‬

    ‭CO‬‭2‬‭(aq) + H‬‭2‭O
    ‬ (l) ⇌ H‬‭2‬‭CO‬‭3‬‭(aq),‬ ‭K‭a‬‬ ‭= 1.70 × 10−3 (4)‬

    ‭H‭2‬ ‬‭CO‬‭3‬‭(aq) ⇌ HCO‬‭3‬‭-‬‭(aq) + H‬‭+‭(‬ aq), p‬‭K‬‭a‬‭= 6.3‬ ‭(5)‬

    ‭These reactions are carried out at a solid sodium metal feed, immersed in an organic‬
    ‭electrolyte, and at an inert electrode in an aqueous electrolyte. These two compartments are‬
    ‭separated by a NASICON barrier. The hydrogen is collected as gas evolved from the cathode,‬
    ‭and needs to be dehumidified and pressurized before sold to clients. The CO‬‭2‬ ‭can be taken from‬
    ‭available feeds in a blue hydrogen plant or other widely available waste stream in industry. If‬
    ‭only the discharging process of the Na-CO‬‭2‬ ‭hybrid battery is used then there is a need for the Na‬
    ‭metal feed rate into the anode which will produce sodium bicarbonate which will be at outlet‬
    ‭feed. However if the charging process of the hybrid battery is used in order to not have sodium‬
    ‭metal feed, which is costly then a charging process is utilized via oxygen evolution at cathode‬
    ‭and Na‬‭+‬ ‭ions in aqueous electrolyte migrate toward anode where it forms back to Na metal,‬
    ‭expressed in equations (6) through (8).‬

    ‭Anodic reaction: 2Na‬‭+‬ ‭+ 2e‬‭-‬ ‭→ 2Na (s) ,‬‭E‬‭0‬ ‭= −2.71 V‬ ‭(6)‬

    ‭Cathodic reaction: H‬‭2‬‭O → 0.5O‬‭2‬ ‭(g) + 2H‬‭+‬ ‭+ 2e‬‭-‭,‬ ‬‭E‬‭0‬ ‭= 0.00 V‬ ‭(7)‬

    ‭Net reaction: 2Na‬‭+‬ ‭+ H‬‭2‬‭O → 2Na (s) + 0.5O‬‭2‬‭(g) + 2H‬‭+‭,‬ ‬‭E‬‭0‬ ‭= 2.71 V (8)‬

    ‭Figure 1.‬‭Overview of Na-CO‬‭2‬ ‭battery setup.‬


    ‭All streams include: sodium metal, water, and CO‬‭2‭.‬ All streams out include: hydrogen gas‬
    ‭and sodium bicarbonate rich water. These are shown clearly on the block diagram below.‬
    ‭Block Flow Diagrams‬

    ‭Figure 2.‬‭Block Flow Diagram 1 of Na-CO‬‭2‬ ‭hybrid battery only of discharge process.‬
    ‭In the block flow diagram above, the feed into CO‬‭2‬ ‭absorption vessel is CO‬‭2‬ ‭in gas form‬
    ‭and water in order to dissolve CO‬‭2‬ ‭in water and the process of dissolution to begin. From the‬
    ‭Na-CO‬‭2‬ ‭hybrid battery, the outlet is H‬‭2‬ ‭in gas form and thus already separated from aqueous‬
    ‭product which consists of CO‬‭2‬ ‭dissolved in water and sodium bicarbonate which is fed to the‬
    ‭separation unit to precipitate sodium bicarbonate.‬

    ‭Table 1: Mass Balance of Block Flow Diagram 1‬

    ‭Components‬ ‭Inlet (MT/day)‬ ‭Outlet (MT/day)‬

    ‭CO‬‭2‬ ‭1,000‬ ‭523‬

    ‭H‬‭2‭O
    ‬ ‬ ‭4,094.524‬ ‭3,899.22‬

    ‭Na‬ ‭249.176‬ ‭0‬

    ‭H‬‭2‬ ‭0‬ ‭10.947‬

    ‭NaHCO‬‭3‬ ‭0‬ ‭910.505‬

    ‭Total‬ ‭5,343.7‬ ‭5,343.667‬


    ‭Figure 3.‬‭Block Flow Diagram 2 of Na-CO‬‭2‬ ‭hybrid battery of both discharge and charge process‬
    ‭together‬
    ‭The main difference in the block flow diagram 2 is that Na metal does not need to be at inlet feed‬
    ‭rate because sodium ions recovered during charging process which also means that sodium‬
    ‭bicarbonate is not produced but rather carbonated water which consists of carbon dioxide‬
    ‭dissolved in the water is an outlet after charging process completed. In order to obtain a steady‬
    ‭state overall process, two batteries will be utilized, one will be discharging and the second one‬
    ‭will be charging concurrently.‬

    ‭Table 2: Mass Balance of Block Flow Diagram 2‬

    ‭Components‬ ‭Inlet (MT/day)‬ ‭Outlet (MT/day)‬

    ‭CO‬‭2‬ ‭1,000‬ ‭1,000‬

    ‭H‬‭2‭O
    ‬ ‬ ‭4,094.524‬ ‭3,909.215‬

    ‭H‬‭2‬ ‭0‬ ‭10.947‬

    ‭O‬‭2‬ ‭0‬ ‭173.415‬

    ‭Total‬ ‭5,094.524‬ ‭5,093.577‬

    ‭Table 3: The average price of each chemical used and produced‬


    ‭Chemical‬ ‭Price‬

    ‭CO‬‭2‬ ‭$ 24 /t CO‬‭2‬ ‭= $ 26.46 /MT CO‬‭2‬

    ‭H‬‭2‭O
    ‬ ‬ ‭$3.53 / kGal = $ 0.93 /MT‬

    ‭Na‬ ‭$ 2,327 /MT‬

    ‭H‬‭2‬ ‭$ 4.83 / kg = $ 4,830 /MT‬

    ‭NaHCO‬‭3‬ ‭$ 531 /MT‬

    ‭O‬‭2‬ ‭NA‬

    ‭Price Reference:‬
    ‭CO2 sequestration cost:‬
    ‭www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1750583621001195#:~:text=CO2%20transport%20a‬
    ‭nd%20storage%20costs%20vary%20regionally.&text=Key%20variabilities%20are%20distance‬
    ‭%2C%20scale,%2C%20geology%2C%20and%20pipeline%20costs.&text=We%20find%20CO2‬
    ‭%20transport,%244%20to%2045%2FtCO2.&text=CCS%20deployment%20is%20more%20sens‬
    ‭itive,storage%20costs%20in%20some%20regions‬‭.‬
    ‭H2O:‬‭www.calwater.com/docs/iip/2015/fact_sheet/grc_fact_sheet-las.pdf‬‭.‬
    ‭Na:‬‭https://medium.com/intratec-products-blog/sodium-prices-latest-historical-data-in-several-co‬
    ‭untries-1d99bacfcba8#:~:text=The%20Sodium%20price%20in%20United,to%20the%20previou‬
    ‭s%20quarter's%20value‬‭.‬
    ‭H‬‭2‭:‬ ‬‭www.chemanalyst.com/Pricing-data/hydrogen-1165‬‭.‬
    ‭NaHCO‬‭3‬‭:‬‭https://www.intratec.us/chemical-markets/sodium-bicarbonate-price‬
    ‭Reference to process:‬
    ‭1. Reaction efficiency (reaction yield)‬
    ‭https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6258365/‬
    ‭2. CO and H‬‭2‬ ‭produced at different voltage window‬
    ‭https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.3c01977‬
    ‭3. Overall Review of metal-CO‬‭2‬ ‭batteries‬
    ‭https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/smll.202206445‬
    ‭4. Study on how Na-CO‬‭2‬ ‭hybrid battery can work as a water treatment process‬
    ‭https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/smll.202107913‬
    ‭5. Solid state Na-CO‬‭2‬ ‭battery‬
    ‭https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/9/1/36‬

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