Rajatbisht
Rajatbisht
Rajatbisht
INTRODUCTION
1.1 About
headquarter in Seoul, South Korea. The company was founded in 1967 and, along with its
32.8% owned subsidiary, Kia Motors, and its 100% owned luxury subsidiary Genesis Motors
which together comprise the Hyundai Motor Group. It is the third largest vehicle
Hyundai operates the world's largest integrated automobile manufacturing facility in Ulsan,
South Korea, which has an annual production capacity of 1.6 million units. The company
employs about 75,000 people worldwide. Hyundai vehicles are sold in 193 countries through
Chung Ju-Yung founded the Hyundai Engineering and Construction Company in 1947.
Hyundai Motor Company was later established in 1967. The company's first model, the
When Hyundai wanted to develop their own car, they hired George Turnbull in February
He in turn hired five other top British car engineers. They were Kenneth Barnett body design,
engineers John Simpson and Edward Chapman, John Crosthwaite ex-BRM as chassis
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engineer and Peter Slater as chief development engineer. In 1975, the Pony, the first South
Korean car, was released, with styling by Giorgio Giugiaro of ItalDesign and powertrain
Mitsubishi Motors. Exports began in the following year to Ecuador and soon thereafter to the
Benelux countries.
In 1984, Hyundai exported the Pony to Canada, but not to the United States, because the
Pony didn't pass emissions standards there. Canadian sales greatly exceeded expectations,
and it was at one point the top-selling car on the Canadian market. In 1985, the one millionth
In 1986, Hyundai began to sell cars in the United States, and the Excel was nominated as
"Best Product #10" by Fortune magazine, largely because of its affordability. The company
began to produce models with its own technology in 1988, beginning with the midsize
Sonata. In the spring of 1990, aggregate production of Hyundai automobiles reached the four
million mark. In 1991, the company succeeded in developing its first proprietary gasoline
engine, the four-cylinder Alpha, and also its own transmission, thus paving the way for
technological independence.
In 1996, Hyundai Motor India Limited was established with a production plant in
Irungattukottai near Chennai, India.In 1998, Hyundai began to overhaul its image in an
Hyundai's parent company, Hyundai Motor Group, invested heavily in the quality, design,
(160,000 km) warranty to cars sold in the United States and launched an aggressive
marketing campaign.
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Roshan hyundai is the part of all the dealership of hyundai cars in india.There are around
hyundai its become possible that only roshan hyundai is the one which is persent in all
the 33 states of india. roshan hyundai provides the sales and service both the facilities for
the customer.
In 1998, after a shake-up in the South Korean auto industry caused by overambitious
expansion and the Asian financial crisis, Hyundai acquired the majority of rival Kia
In 2000, the company established a strategic alliance with DaimlerChrysler and severed its
partnership with the Hyundai Group. In 2001, the Daimler-Hyundai Truck Corporation was
formed. In 2004, however, DaimlerChrysler divested its interest in the company by selling its
Hyundai has invested in manufacturing plants in North America, India, the Czech Republic,
Russia, China and Turkey as well as research and development centers in Europe, Asia,
North America and the Pacific Rim. In 2004, Hyundai Motor Company had $57.2 billion in
sales in South Korea making it the country's second largest corporation, or chaebol.
Worldwide sales in 2005 reached 2,533,695 units, an 11 percent increase over the previous
year. In 2011, Hyundai sold 4.05 million cars worldwide and the Hyundai Motor Group was
the world's fourth largest automaker behind GM, Volkswagen and Toyota. Hyundai
Hyundai Motor India Limited is currently the second largest auto exporter from India.It is
Hyundai sells several models in India, the most popular being the Santro Xing, i10,Hyundai
EON and the i20. On 3 September 2013, Hyundai launched its much-awaited car, Grand i10
in petrol and diesel variants. Other models include the Getz, Accent, Elantra, second
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generation Verna, Santa Fe and the Sonata Transform. Hyundai has two manufacturing plants
in India located at Sriperumbudur in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Both plants have a
combined annual capacity of 600,000 units. In the year 2007, Hyundai opened its R&D
facility in Hyderabad, employing now nearly 450 engineers from different parts of the
country. Hyundai Motor India Engineering (HMIE) gives technical & engineering support in
vehicle development and CAD & CAE support to Hyundai's main R&D centre in Namyang,
Korea. In mid 2014, Hyundai launched Xcent, a sedan based on successful Grand i10.
Recently, on 11 August 2014, Hyundai India Motor Limited launched the Elite i20 in petrol
In 2007, Hyundai started its support engineering centre with CAD/CAE teams in Hyderabad,
India. Hyundai expanded its engineering activities in India with Vehicle Engineering team in
2010. In 2011, Hyundai started its design activities at Hyderabad R&D Centre with Styling,
Digital Design & Skin CAD Teams and Packaging team . Indian engineers are heavily
involved in making of Indian vehicles like Grand i10, Elite i20 along with other Global cars.
In June, 2017, The Competition Commission of India imposed 87 crore ($13.6 million)
penalty for unfair business practices with respect to providing discounts for cars.
Roshan hyundai is the part of all the dealership of hyundai cars in india.There are around
1009 dealership of hyundai cars in 33 states of india.Due to the excellence of roshan hyundai
its become possible that only roshan hyundai is the one which is persent in all the 33 states of
india.roshan hyundai provides the sales and service both the facilities for the customer.
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I completed my training from Roshan Hyundai, jaipur. I completed my training in servicing
department.
During my training I was a member of service department(SD) team. Daily we got various
vehicles from the service department and we done service of that vehicles. During servicing
we check the various components or parts of the vehicles.
At first we done the servicing of that part of vehicle in which customer are facing the
problem
If we found any type of failure than we proceed to eliminate it.The failure can be a permanent
breakdown type or temporary breakdown.
We also check the level of lubrication oil and coolant in their respective tank. If we found the
level of lubricant and coolant is below the specified level then we fill it up to a desired level.
So basically in training I learnt about the servicing of vehicles and requirement of servicing
of vehicles.
CHAPTER 2
5
SERVICING
2.1 INTRODUCTION
A motor vehicle service is a series of maintenance procedures carried out at a set time
interval or after the vehicle has travelled a certain distance. The service intervals are specified
by the vehicle manufacturer in a service schedule and some modern cars display the due date
for the next service electronically on the instrument panel.
The completed services are usually recorded in a service book which is rubber stamped by
the service centre upon completion of each service. A complete service history usually adds
to the resale value of a vehicle.
The actual schedule of car maintenance varies depending on the year, make, and model of a
car, its driving conditions and driver behavior. Car makers recommend the so-called extreme
or the ideal service schedule based on impact parameters such as
Each type of service builds on the previous level, so a basic service will typically include an
oil and filter change and a visual inspection, but there will usually be a top up of all the key
fluids in the engine (washer fluid, brake fluid, antifreeze and steering fluid) and a check of up
to 35 key components
Oil changes and air filters are very important parts of engine maintenance; however, a
thorough inspection of all engine, transmission, cooling, brakes and suspension components
should also be performed regularly. The owner's manual provides a routine auto maintenance
schedule based on engine mileage for most cars.
2.2TYPES OF SERVICING:-
Generally, there are four type of servicing in use:
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2.2.1 SAFETY SERVICE:
This is the bare minimum service you should go for and is an option if you’re running pretty
low on cash. A safety service involves replacing your engine oil, replacing your oil filter,
checking under your bonnet, topping up fluids, inspecting belts and hoses and testing the
battery. You should also get a vehicle safety inspection, handbrake adjustment, charging
system check and cooling system check. While it’s certainly the most affordable option, a
safety service will only really last you for 12 months or 15,000km
It’s called an ultimate service for a reason — it does everything that the other services do and
goes that extra step to make sure your car is in tip top shape for up to 48 months, or for
60,000km. In an ultimate service, you should receive an on-car fuel injector flush, throttle
body clean, engine decarbonisation and fuel tank additive. It’s also the most expensive
service but it will benefit you in the long run with a better-running vehicle.
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In this service type only the basic servicing operation is done. In this checking of oil level,
checking of water level for wiper tank, proper working of all electrical element, cleaning of
air filter and ac filer is consist.
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Don’t smoke while you’re working on your vehicle.
Never work on your vehicle unless the parking brake is on, the gearshift is in Park or
Neutral, and the engine is shut off (unless it has to be running for you to do the work).
Be sure that the parts of the engine you’re working on are cold so that you don’t get
burned.
Never jack up a car unless the wheels are properly blocked.
Use insulated tools for electrical work.
Before using a wrench or ratchet on a part that seems to be stuck, make sure that if it
suddenly comes loose, your hand won’t hit anything. To avoid the possibility of
bruised knuckles, pull on wrenches rather than push them whenever possible.
Before working on your car, take off your rings, tie, long necklaces, and other
jewelry, and tie back long hair.
If you’re using toxic chemicals such as coolant, cleaners, and the like, keep them
away from your mouth and eyes, wash your hands thoroughly after using them, and
either store them safely away from pets and children or dispose of them in a way
that’s safe for the environment.
Know that gasoline is extremely dangerous to have around. Not only is it toxic and
flammable, but the vapor in an empty can is explosive enough to take out a city block.
Work in a well-ventilated area. If possible, work outdoors in your driveway, your
backyard, or a parking lot. If you must work in your garage, be sure to keep the
garage door open and the vehicle as close to the door as possible.
Keep fire extinguishers handy. Place one in your garage and one under the front seat
of your vehicle. (Be sure to secure it with a bracket that will prevent it from rolling
under the pedals.)
2.3OBJECTIVES OF SERVICING:-
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Promote a safe and secure transit system
To meet or exceed all manufacturers maintenance guidelines on equipment.
Vehicle reliability
CHAPTER 3
10
AUTOMOBILE:
3.1Introduction:-
An automobile, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers,
which also carries its own engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that
automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to
typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the transport of people rather
than goods. The year 1886 is regarded the year of birth of the modern automobile - with the
Benz Patent-Motorwagen, by German inventor Carl Benz. Motorized wagons soon replaced
animal-drafted carriages, especially after automobiles became affordable for many people
when the Ford Model T was introduced in 1908. The term motorcar has formerly also been
used in the context of electrified rail systems to denote a car which functions as a small
locomotive but also provides space for passengers and baggage. These locomotive cars were
often used on suburban routes by both interurban and intercity railroad systems. It was
estimated in 2010 that the number of automobiles had risen to over 1 billion vehicles, up
from the 500 million of 1986. The numbers are increasing rapidly, especially in China, India
and other NICs.
3.2ELEMENT OF AN AUTOMOBILE:-
An automobile is a bunch of various elements which work together as a single unit. There are
shown main elements of automobile.
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3.2.3 Exhaust system:-
Catalytic converter
Exhaust clamp and bracket
Exhaust flange gasket
Exhaust gasket
Exhaust manifold
Exhaust manifold gasket
Exhaust pipe
Heat shield
Heat sleeving and tape
Resonator
Muffler (Silencer)
Spacer ring
3.2.6Transmission system:-
Adjustable pedal
Axle shaft
Bell housing
Universal joint
Other belts
Carrier assembly Chain wheel and sprocket
Clutch assembly
Clutch cable
Clutch disk
Clutch fan
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Clutch fork
Clutch hose
Clutch lever
Clutch lining
Clutch pedal
Clutch pressure plate
3.2.7Differential:-
Differential case
Pinion bearing
Differential clutch
Spider gears
Differential casing
Differential flange
Differential gear
Differential seal
3.2.8Braking system:-
Brake disc
Brake Fluid
Brake drum
Brake lining
Brake pad
Brake pedal
Brake piston
Brake pump
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CHAPTER 4
4.1AIR FILTER SERVICING:-
A particulate air filter is a device composed of fibrous materials which removes solid
particulates such as dust, pollen, mould, and bacteria from the air.
Filters containing an absorbent or catalyst such as charcoal (carbon) may also remove
odors and gaseous pollutants such as volatile organic compounds or ozone.
Air filters are used in applications where air quality is important, notably in building
ventilation systems and in engine
Air filter is used to filter or purify the air which comes from the atmosphere and then
goes to the engine.
So basically it is a important component of a vehicle To prevent the engine from the
dust particle.
Here is two way for servicing of the air filter.
The first one, if the air filter is not completely chocked by the dust then it is clean by
the high pressure of air and again it can be used.
The second one, if the air filter is completely chocked by dust then it can not be use
again and then new air filter is placed.
FIG:4.1”AIR FILTER”
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4.2AC FILTER:-
Ac filter is used to resist the dust particles which comes from the atmosphere and go
for the driver cabin
Ac filter has two types:
In cross arrangement of wires there are a net of wires present ,the gap between the
wires arrangement remains very small due to this the unwanted particle don’t enters
into the driver cabin.
In plating of hard paper hard paper folded in a way by which only the air can be pass,
due to this unwanted particle don’t pass through it.
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4.3OIL FILTER:-
An oil filter is a filter designed to remove contaminants from engine oil, transmission
oil, lubricating oil, or hydraulic oil.
Oil filters are used in many different types of hydraulic machinery.
A chief use of the oil filter is in internal-combustion engines in on- and off-road
motor vehicles, light aircraft, and various naval vessels.
Other vehicle hydraulic systems, such as those in automatic transmissions and power
steering, are often equipped with an oil filter.
Gas turbine engines, such as those on jet aircraft, also require the use of oil filters.
Aside from these uses, oil production, transport, and recycling facilities also employ
filters in the manufacturing process
Basically the oil which is filled for the lubrication and cooling of the engine ,is first
clean by the oil filter and then goes for the further
In diesel vehicle, diesel filter consist at the engine section and in petrol vehicle, petrol
filter is consist at the below of engine section
Oil filter cannot be reused it change after a specific time period
Fig:4.3(i)”DIESEL FILTER”
Fig:4.3(ii)”PETROL FILTER”
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4.4 FUEL FILTER:-
A fuel filter is a filter in the fuel line that screens out dirt and rust particles from the fuel,
normally made into cartridges containing a filter paper.
They are found in most internal combustion engines.
Fuel filters serve a vital function in today's modern, tight-tolerance engine fuel systems.
Unfiltered fuel may contain several kinds of contamination, for example paint chips and
dirt that has been knocked into the tank while filling, or rust caused by moisture in a
steel tank.
If these substances are not removed before the fuel enters the system, they will cause
rapid wear and failure of the fuel pump and injectors, due to the abrasive action of the
particles on the high-precision components used in modern injection systems.
Fuel filters also improve performance, as the fewer contaminants present in the fuel, the
more efficiently it can be burnt.
This is usually a case of simply disconnecting the filter from the fuel line and replacing it
with a new one, although some specially designed filters can be cleaned and reused
many times.
If a filter is not replaced regularly it may become clogged with contaminants and cause a
restriction in the fuel flow, causing an appreciable drop in engine performance as the
engine struggles to draw enough fuel to continue running normally
Fuel filter cannot be repair it replace with the new one after a fixed time interval.
Fig:4.4”FUEL FILTER”
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4.5CALIPER LUBRICATION:
Use a wire brush or sand/bead blasting to remove rust from caliper brackets/guides
Clean or replace attaching hardware
Lubricate metal-to-rubber friction points (guide pins to boots) with silicone lube
(Wagner # F132005)
Lubricate metal-to-metal friction points (brackets to guides/guides to pads) with a
Molybdenum Disulfide lube, commonly called Moly Lube.
DO NOT lubricate or apply any compounds on the backing plate of Wagner Thermo
Quiet® with “IMI” brake pads.
Use premium quality Wagner Thermo Quiet ® brake pads.
Use premium quality rotors.
Caliper lubrication is the process of lubricating the caliper pins
It is used to prevent the wear of caliper pins and smooth working of it
Caliper is used to hold the break pad, which is used to applying the break
Caliper lubrication is done at the both rear wheels sides.
Fig:4.5”CALIPER LUBRICATION”
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4.6BALANCING OF WHEELS:
Tire balance, also referred to as tire unbalance or imbalance, describes the distribution
of mass within an automobile tire or the entire wheel (including the rim) to which it is
attached.
When the wheel rotates, asymmetries of mass may cause it to hop or wobble, which
can cause ride disturbances, usually vertical and lateral vibrations.
It can also result in a wobbling of the steering wheel or of the entire vehicle.
The ride disturbance, due to unbalance, usually increases with speed.
Vehicle suspensions can become excited by unbalance forces when the speed of the
wheel reaches a point that its rotating frequency equals the suspension’s resonant
frequency.
Tires are balanced in factories and repair shops by two methods: static balancers and
dynamic balancers.
Tires with high unbalance forces are downgraded or rejected. When tires are fitted to
wheels at the point of sale, they are measured again on a balancing machine, and
correction weights are applied to counteract the combined effect of the tire and wheel
unbalance.
After sale, tires may be rebalanced if driver perceives excessive vibration. Balancing
is not to be confused with wheel alignment.
Balancing of wheels is done by the balancing machine
Wheel is locked at the machine and press the start button, by the rotation of wheel ,
the error is show at the screen
paste the weights on outer and inner part according to the reading on the screens
Make the screen data zero both the wheel side
It is mandatory to remove the previously paste weight before doing the balancing
process
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4.7ALIGNMENT OF WHEELS:-
Fig:4.7”ALIGNMENT OF WHEELS”
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4.8ROTATION OF TIRES:-
Tire rotation is the practice of moving the wheels and tires of an automobile from one
position to another, to ensure even tire wear. Even tire wear is desirable to extend the
useful life of a set of tires.
The weight on the front and rear axles differs which causes uneven wear.[citation needed]
With the majority of cars having the engine in front, the front tires typically bear more
weight than the rear tires.
Front-wheel drive vehicles have not only the engine but also the transaxle in front,
adding to the weight differential. Moreover, additional stress is placed
disproportionately on the front tires by braking and steering. Thus, tire rotation needs
to occur more frequently for front-wheel drive vehicles.
Turning the vehicle will cause uneven tire wear. The outside, front tire is worn
disproportionately. In countries with right-hand traffic, for example, right turns are
tighter than left turns and most cloverleaf interchanges and parking ramps are right-
hand curves, so the left front tire wears faster than the right front, because the left tire
travels a greater distance around those turns (the same way that an athlete in the
leftmost lane would have to run further around an oval track than one in the rightmost
if the race were being run clockwise from a flat line start) and a majority of turns will
be to the right. Conversely, the sidewalls on the right tire tends to be bumped and
rubbed against the curb while parking the vehicle, causing asymmetric sidewall wear.
The symmetric opposite occurs in countries that drive on the left.
Rotation of tire is done for decrease the wear of wheels from one side
The outer side of the tire wear more than the inner side
By the cross changing of the wheels , rotation of tire is done
Fig:4.8”ROTATION OF TIRES”
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4.9REMOVAL OF ENGINE OIL:-
After a specific time period it is important to change the engine oil , because of due to
the heating engine oil loss its lubricating and cooling quality .
This oil cannot be used further
So there is need to remove that oil from the oil sump.
Engine oil removes by loosing the fitting of the oil sump
After loosing the oil sump fitting it takes 5 to 10 min. to remove whole oil from the
sump
After removing the oil , again tight the fitting of the oil sump
Oil sump
Fig:4.9”REMOVAL OF OIL”
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4.10FILLING OF ENGINE OIL:
To start with, make sure your car is parked in the right place, on flat ground. If the car is on a
slope, the readings won’t be accurate.
Open your car’s bonnet and locate the dipstick. This is usually brightly coloured with a round
or T-shaped handle.
Remove the dipstick and wipe it clean. Once you’ve wiped the dirty oil from the dipstick, re-
insert it until it clicks back into place.
You should then remove the dipstick again to check the oil level. There will be two marks on
the dipstick to show the optimum level that your oil should be at. Your oil level should be
somewhere between the two.
If your oil level is below the bottom line, or if there isn’t any oil on the dipstick at all, you
should immediately top up your engine oil.
To fill up your oil, you first need to locate the oil filler cap in your engine bay. This should
have the word ‘oil’ marked on it, or an outline of an oil can.
Then, position your funnel at the top of the spout and pour your oil in. Make sure that you are
using the correct oil for your car.
To get an idea of how much oil you need; the gap between the marks on the dipstick usually
represents around 1 litre of oil, so you know that if your oil mark was at the minimum, you
need around a litre to top it up. If it’s only halfway down, you probably need around half a
litre.
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4.11FILLING AND REMOVAL OF COOLANT:
Open the drain cock by unscrewing, twisting a quarter turn, or twisting and pulling
Drain cocks come in several different styles.
Push together the clamp spring with a slip-joint pliers and slip the clamp away from
the neck. Pull the hose free and drain the remaining coolant. If access is difficult, a
hose clamp pliers saves time and bruised knuckles.
Stir 1 gallon of full-strength (not pre-mixed) coolant and 1 gallon of distilled water
together in a clean bucket before adding the mix to the radiator
Changing your coolant yourself, including buying the air-powered refill tool, This
procedure works for any cooling system that’s not contaminated with rust or oil
Insert the air tool into the radiator neck or overflow bottle. Connect the exhaust
hose and compressed air line and route the open end of the tool’s exhaust hose into
an empty gallon jug or pail. Then open the valve and let the vacuum rise until the
needle reaches the edge of the red zone on the gauge. Then fill with coolant (see
next slide). The vacuum sucks out any air pockets as it refills the system. When it’s
full, just reinstall the radiator or overflow tank caps, remove the jack stands, and go
for a spin
Coolant is the substance which is used to cooling the whole engine system
Coolant is filled at the port of the radiator
Coolant circulates in the radiator and cool by the air which comes from the
atmosphere by the help of fan
Cooled coolant provides the heel to engine by the water jackets
For removal of the coolant , a plug is present at the downward of the engine section
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4.12CHECK SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF BATTERY:-
Specific gravity of a fully charged battery is 1.265
For the test of specific gravity hydrometer is used
First open the cell vent cap and dip the hydrometer into it, on the hydrometer specific
gravity reading has plotted
From there note the reading ,if the reading is less then the 1.120 it means that battery
is fully discharged
Perform this for all the cell of the battery
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4.13BRAKE PAD:-
Brake pads convert the kinetic energy of the vehicle to thermal energy through
friction.
Two brake pads are contained in the brake caliper, with their friction surfaces facing
the rotor.
When the brakes are hydraulically applied, the caliper clamps or squeezes the two
pads together onto the spinning rotor to slow/stop the vehicle.
When a brake pad heats up due to contact with the rotor, it transfers small amounts of
its friction material onto the disc, leaving a dull grey coating on it. The brake pad and
disc (both now having the friction material), then "stick" to each other, providing the
friction that stops the vehicle.
In disc brakes, there are usually two brake pads per disc rotor. These are held in place
and actuated by a caliper affixed to the wheel hub or suspension upright. Most
vehicles have two brake pads per caliper.
However racing calipers can utilize up to six pads, with varying frictional properties
in a staggered pattern for optimum performance. Depending on the properties of the
material, disc wear rates may vary.
The brake pads must usually be replaced regularly (depending on pad material) to
prevent brake fade. Most brake pads are equipped with a method of alerting the driver
when this needs to be done.
Brake pad is attached at the one side of the break shoe
Brake pad makes contact with the wheel , when force is applied to the break shoe
It is made up of semi metallic material which have frictional properties
when the break pad wear out and layer of non metallic material become very
thin ,then the brake shoe is replaced with the new one
Fig:4.13”BRAKE PAD”
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4.14SUSPENSION SYSTEM:-
Suspension is the system of tires, tire air, springs, shock absorbers and linkages that
connects a vehicle to its wheels and allows relative motion between the two.
Suspension systems must support both roadholding/handling and ride quality, which
are at odds with each other.
The tuning of suspensions involves finding the right compromise.
It is important for the suspension to keep the road wheel in contact with the road
surface as much as possible, because all the road or ground forces acting on the
vehicle do so through the contact patches of the tires.
The suspension also protects the vehicle itself and any cargo or luggage from damage
and wear.
The design of front and rear suspension of a car may be different.
Suspension system is used in the vehicle to save the vehicle from the jerk and shock
Suspension system have the two main parts one is spring and second is damper or
shock absorber
All the system of suspension is fitted with the help of lower control arm , upper
control arm , lower ball joint and upper ball joint
Shock absorber is replaced with new one at the time of servicing of suspension
system
Fig:4.14”SUSPENSION SYSTEM”
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4.15CLUTCH:-
Most cars use a friction clutch operated either by fluid (hydraulic) or, more
commonly, by a cable.
When a car is moving under power, the clutch is engaged. A pressure plate bolted to
the flywheel exerts constant force, by means of a diaphragm spring, on the driven
plate.
Earlier cars have a series of coil springs at the back of the pressure plate, instead of a
diaphragm spring.
The driven (or friction) plate runs on a splined input shaft, through which the power is
transmitted to the gearbox. The plate has friction linings, similar to brake linings, on
both its faces. This allows the drive to be taken up smoothly when the clutch is
engaged.
When the clutch is disengaged (pedal depressed), an arm pushes a release bearing
against the centre of the diaphragm spring which releases the clamping pressure.
The outer part of the pressure plate, which has a large friction surface, then no longer
clamps the driven plate to the flywheel, so the transmission of power is interrupted
and gears can be changed
Fig:4.15”CLUTCH”
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4.16ENGINE CONTROL MODULE:-
The engine control module basically controls the intersection of the engine's
necessary ingredients to make energy -- fuel, air and spark.
That sounds simple, kind of in the same way an engine itself sounds simple if
you break it down into really basic terms.
But the ECM accomplishes its considerable chore by constantly monitoring a
vast network of sensors around the car to ensure conditions are within normal
operating range.
When something goes wrong, the ECM adjusts conditions or, if it can't, the car
won't run properly or at all. When there's a problem, the ECM stores a trouble
code so it can be diagnosed by a mechanic (with a scanner specifically
designed for that purpose) and triggers the check engine light so the driver
knows something's wrong.
The ECM is basically an on-board computer in your car—it’s composed of
hardware (a pretty standard circuit board) that’s encoded with software (a
program that tells the car how to run).
It is the brains of the engine management system. It controls the fuel
mixture, ignition timing, variable cam timing and emissions control.
Fig:4.16”ECM”
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4.17EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION:-
In internal combustion engines, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a nitrogen oxide
(NOx) emissions reduction technique used in petrol/gasoline and diesel engines.
EGR works by recirculating a portion of an engine's exhaust gas back to the engine
cylinders. This dilutes the O2 in the incoming air stream and provides gases inert to
combustion to act as absorbents of combustion heat to reduce peak in-cylinder
temperatures.
NOx is produced in a narrow band of high cylinder temperatures and pressures.
In a gasoline engine, this inert exhaust displaces the amount of combustible matter in
the cylinder. In a diesel engine, the exhaust gas replaces some of the excess oxygen in
the pre-combustion mixture.[1] Because NOx forms primarily when a mixture of
nitrogen and oxygen is subjected to high temperature, the lower combustion chamber
temperatures caused by EGR reduces the amount of NOx the combustion generates
(though at some loss of engine efficiency).
Gases re-introduced from EGR systems will also contain near equilibrium
concentrations of NOx and CO; the small fraction initially within the combustion
chamber inhibits the total net production of these and other pollutants when sampled
on a time average.
Most modern engines now require exhaust gas recirculation to meet emissions
standards. Chemical properties of different fuels limit how much EGR may be used.
For example methanol is more tolerant to EGR than gasoline.
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4.18BUSHING:-
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4.19 GEAR BOX:-
A transmission is a machine in a power transmission system, which provides
controlled application of the power.
Often the term transmission refers simply to the gearbox that uses gears and gear
trains to provide speed and torque conversions from a rotating power source to
another device
The transmission box which is also known as the gear box is the second element of
the power train in an automobile.
It is used to change the speed and torque of vehicle according to variety of road and
load condition. Transmission box change the engine speed into torque when climbing
hills. Some times it is known as torque converter.
provide the torque needed to move the vehicle under a variety of road and load
conditions. It does this by changing the gear ratio between the engine crankshaft and
vehicle drive wheels.
Be shifted into reverse so the vehicle can move backward.
Be shifted into neutral for starting the engine.
Fig:4.19”GEAR BOX”
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4.20LINK ROD:-
Link rods (or stabiliser links or anti-roll bar links or drop links) connect the left and
right hand suspension components to either end of a common anti-roll bar made of
spring steel which is like a torsion bar running across the car.
The anti-roll bar only comes into play if the suspension on one side of the car moves
but the other side does not.
For example, a car drives over a speed hump that goes the full width of the road. The
suspension is compressed equally each side, the anti-roll bar simply pivots – it is not
twisted and there is no strain on the link rods.
But if one wheel hits a speed hump and the other does not, one end of the anti-roll bar
is raised – twisting the bar.
The force needed to twist the bar is all transmitted through the link rods which are
normally quite light metal or plastic rods with a ball joint on either or both ends.
link rods connect the left and right hand suspension components, it only comes into
play if the suspension on one side of the car moves but other side does not.
for example, a car drives over a speed hump that goes the full width of the road. The
suspension is compressed equally each side. The anti-roll bar simply pivots– it is not
twisted and there is no strain on the link rods.
But if one wheel hits the speed hump and the other does not, one end of the anti-roll
bar raised-twisting the bar. The force needed to twist the bar is all transmitted through
link rods which are normally quite light metal.
The thicker the anti-roll bar the grater the impact. Sportier cars have thicker anti-roll
bars to make them handle better, but this places increased stress on the link rods.
Deteriorating road quality and speed humps are a big factor. If one wheel drops into a
pothole the link road subjected to a massive shock loading
Fig:4.20”LINK ROD”
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Conclusion
Thus at the end of this report, we can conclude that this report gives a brief but clear idea
about the working of ROSHAN HYUNDAI, JAIPUR
This is a servicing and selling company. In this company servicing is done by the well
specified worker. This report also gives the information about the automobile element and
their servicing.
This report gives the detail about the working of automobile parts and their servicing . This
gives the idea of the working of ROSHAN HYUNDAI service department in a very efficient
as well as effective way. Eventually due to these integrated efforts of all departments and the
marketing skills of the company we can see that the name of ROSHAN HYUNDAI is enlists
in the top servicing center of our country.
Thus in short we can say that this report in a nutshell gives the idea about the entire company
of ROSHAN HYUNDAI, JAIPUR.
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SUGGESTIONS
1. Proper and effective servicing are key elements of successful life increasing of vehicle
today. If all vehicle will be in proper servicing then the resell value of vehicle is
improve.
2. It is immensely important that the servicing operations should be take place at the the
less time because the servicing should be continuous.
By using the method of just in time there will be chance to reduce the error during
service.
By doing all the service work by the well technicians and worker.
Prepare the list of all the faults in vehicles and do the service according to that list.
Using the quality machines during servicing.
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REFRFENCES
The above report has been prepared from the following sources of informations:
THANK YOU…
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