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    What To Study Topic 7

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    What To Study Topic 7

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    What to Study Topic 7

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    The IPs On the International Context

     In the 1970s indigenous peoples extended their efforts through a series of international conferences and direct
    appeals to international intergovernmental institutions. These efforts coalesced into a campaign, aided by
    concerned NGOs and an increase of supportive scholarly and popular writings.
     Among the major developments in this movement was the International Non-Governmental Organization
    Conference on Discrimination Against Indigenous Populations in the Americas,
     The conference also helped establish a pattern of coordination among indigenous peoples from throughout the
    world in the formulation and communication of their demands.
     Around the world, IP’s are fighting for recognition of their right to own, manage and develop their traditional
    lands, territories and resources. At the international level, their representatives are advocating for the adoption
    of the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples by the UN General Assembly. The Declaration – the
    result of more than two decades of negotiation - emphasizes that indigenous peoples’ control over their lands,
    territories and resources will enable them to “maintain and strengthen their institutions, cultures and traditions”
    and to “promote their development in accordance with their aspirations and needs”.
     Indigenous peoples’ relationship with their traditional lands and territories is said to form a core part of their
    identity and spirituality and to be deeply rooted in their culture and history. Indigenous peoples have an
    intimate connection to the land; they are tied to the land. They have clear symbols in their language that
    connect them to places on their land.
     The gradual deterioration of indigenous societies can be traced to the non recognition of the profound relation
    that indigenous peoples have to their lands, territories and resources.
     In recent decades, many countries have reformed their constitutional and legal systems in response to calls
    from indigenous movements for legal recognition of their right to the protection and control of their lands,
    territories and natural resources (as well as with respect to their languages, cultures and identities; their laws
    and institutions; their forms of government and more).
     The majority of the world’s remaining natural resources – minerals, freshwater, potential energy sources and
    more - are found within indigenous peoples’ territories. Access to and ownership and develop ment of these
    resources remains a contentious issue.
     The situation of forest resources is particularly acute. Around 60 million indigenous people around the world
    depend almost entirely on forests for their survival. Indigenous communities continue to be expelled from their
    territories under the pretext of the establishment of protected areas or national parks. The report claims that
    forced displacement of indigenous peoples from their traditional forests as a result of laws that favor the
    interests of commercial companies is a major factor in the impoverishment of these communities.
     The UNDRIP is the most comprehensive international human rights instrument on the rights of indigenous
    peoples to date, establishing collective rights to self-determination, to lands, territories and resources, to
    development, as well as the rights to culturally appropriate education, employment, health, religion, language
    and more.

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