Final Design - OLD

DESIGN
CALCULATION
HYDRAULICS
CALCULATION
Cross-Sectinal Area-Bed Slope Method
Since the Bridge is provided across a defined stream, we estimate flood discharge from the conveyance factor & slope of the stream
applying Manning's Velocity Formula. As the flood rises above the bank line, the cross section of the river is divided in to three subsections
and velocity is calculated as per Cl-5.7, SP-13:2004.
Step I - HFL Fixation:-

From the survey data, we fix the HFL = 99.845 m
Position HFL LBL Chainage
At U/S 100.085 95.053 200.000
At D/S 99.605 94.569 200.000
At ± 0.0 99.845 94.873 0.0
Step II - Slope Calculation :-

Average Slope is caculated as : Position LBL Chainage = 0.001
At U/S 95.053 200.000
At D/S 94.569 200.000
As there is very much undulation along the long section of the stream , the bed slop is obtained as,
Use Slope,S : = 0.001
Rugosity co-efficient used= = 0.045
Cross-Section at Chainage 0.00 m :
100.0
99.0
98.0
Main Section
97.0
96.0
HFL Main Stream
95.0
94.0
0 10 20 30 40
Level Avg. water Area of Hydraulic

Segment Velocity,V= Discharge,
Distance Level Difference depth below Cross Wetted Perimeter,P radius,R= 2/3 1/2
Points Length, L (R xS )/n Q=VxA
(m) (m) with HFL for each Section, A (m) A/P 3
(m) (m/s) (m /s)
HFL(m) segment(m) (in sqm) (m)
1 0 99.845
2 4 99.469 0.376 4.000 0.188 0.75 4.02
3 7 98.439 1.406 3.000 0.891 2.67 3.17
4 11 97.37 2.475 4.000 1.941 7.76 4.14
5 15 96.154 3.691 4.000 3.083 12.33 4.18
6 18 94.873 4.972 3.000 4.331 12.99 3.26
7 22 96.248 3.597 4.000 4.285 17.14 4.23 2.112 1.267 97.714
8 27 97.524 2.321 5.000 2.959 14.80 5.16
9 30 98.432 1.413 3.000 1.867 5.60 3.13
10 33 99.469 0.376 3.000 0.894 2.68 3.17
11 35 99.845 0.000 2.000 0.188 0.38 2.04
Total 77.11 36.51
Total discharge 97.714
101
100
Cross-Section at Chainage 200 m U/S :
101
100
99
98
97
HFL
96
Main Stream
95
0 10 20 30
Avg. water Area of Velocity,V

Level Hydraulic
Segment depth below Cross = Discharge,
Distance Level Difference Wetted Perimeter,P radius,R=
Points Length, L HFL for Section, (R2/3xS1/2)/ Q=VxA
(m) (m) with (m) A/P
(m) each A n (m3/s)
HFL(m) (m)
segment(m) (in sqm) (m/s)
1 0 100.085
2 3 99.3 0.785 3.000 0.392 1.18 3.10
3 5 98.4 1.685 2.000 1.235 2.47 2.19
4 7 97.1 2.985 2.000 2.335 4.67 2.39
5 10 95.84 4.245 3.000 3.615 10.85 3.25
6 12 95.053 5.032 2.000 4.638 9.28 2.15
2.220 1.310 75.964
7 15 96.3 3.785 3.000 4.409 13.23 3.25
8 17 97.4 2.685 2.000 3.235 6.47 2.28
9 19 98.2 1.885 2.000 2.285 4.57 2.15
10 22 99.1 0.985 3.000 1.435 4.30 3.13
11 24 100.085 0.000 2.000 0.493 0.98 2.23
Total 57.99 26.13
100
99
98
97
96
HFL
95
Series2
94
0 10 20 30 40
Cross-Section at Chainage 200 m D/S :
100
99
98
97
96
HFL
95
Series2
94
0 10 20 30 40
Avg. water Area of Velocity,V

Level Hydraulic
Segment depth below Cross = Discharge,
Distance Level Difference Wetted Perimeter,P radius,R=
Points Length, L HFL for Section, (R2/3xS1/2)/ Q=VxA
(m) (m) with (m) A/P
(m) each A n (m3/s)
HFL(m) (m)
segment(m) (in sqm) (m/s)
1 0 99.605
2 5 98.5 1.105 5.000 0.553 2.76 5.12
3 8 97.5 2.105 3.000 1.605 4.82 3.16
4 12 96.6 3.005 4.000 2.555 10.22 4.10
5 15 95.9 3.705 3.000 3.355 10.07 3.08
6 18 94.569 5.036 3.000 4.371 13.11 3.28
2.795 1.527 124.768
7 22 95.3 4.305 4.000 4.671 18.68 4.07
8 25 96.6 3.005 3.000 3.655 10.97 3.27
9 29 97.5 2.105 4.000 2.555 10.22 4.10
10 33 98.4 1.205 4.000 1.655 6.62 4.10
11 36 99.605 0.000 3.000 0.602 1.81 3.23
Total 81.69 29.23
Discharge :-
At D/S = 124.77 m3/s
At U/S = 75.96 m3/s
At ± 0.0 = 97.71 m3/s
Average Discharge = 97.71 m3/s
Design Discharge = 97.71 m3/s
Regime width = 4.8 x (Q)0.5 = 47.450 m
Fixing of Bridge Length:
1) From Hydraulic calculations:

i) Cross-sectinal area-Bed Slope Method:
Discharge Calculated: = 97.71 m3/s
Calculated Regime width for discharge of 97.71 m3/s = 47.5 m

Ref.: Cl.-6.2.1,IRC:SP:13-2004
Regime width considering a restriction of 30% = 33.2 m
2) Existing Bridge:
i) There is no existing bridge at the proposed Bridge location.
3) Bank to bank distance:

Bank to bank distance: = 70 m
4) Skew Crossing Angle: = 0°

Linear waterway required: = 33.2 m
From the above three data and also considering the suitable abutment location and site condition,the proposed
bridge has been fixed as the details given below:
Span Arrangement = RCC T Beam 18 mX 2
Type of structure = RCC. T-Girder Bridge.
Total Bridge length = 40.7 m
Fixation of formation level
For Navigation (vertical clearance) = 0.900 m

Depth of girder with deck slab = 1.875 m
Wearing course at middle = 0.075 m
Afflux = 0.2 m
FRL = H.F.L+Vertical Clearance+Depth of Superstructure+Wearing Course at deck mid
= 99.845 + 0.9 + 1.875 + 0.075+0.2 = 102.895 m
Afflux Calculation with Orifice Formula:-
Discharge, Q = 97.7 m3/sec

Linear Waterway, L = 35.9 m
Unobstructed Stream Width, W = 47.5 m
Downstream Depth, Dd = 5.0 m
Ratio, L/W = 0.757
Coefficient 'C0' from graph 5.2 of IRC:SP:82-2008 = 0.865
Coefficient 'e' from graph 5.3 of IRC:SP:82-2008 = 0.950
g = 9.800
From IRC:SP:82-2008
Q = C0(2g)0.5 L Dd [ h + (1+e) U2/2g]1/2
or, 97.7 = 692.7335037 ( h + 0.099489796 u2)^0.5
or, (h + 0.0994898 u2 ) - 0.01989663 = 0
Also just upstream of the Bridge,
Q=W(Dd+h)U
97.71381181 = 47.450 x (Dd+h)u
2.059300565 = (5.036 +h) * u
h = (2.059 / u ) - 5.0
u = 0.4123422 ok
h= -0.042 m ok
Actual Afflux = -0.042 m

Say, Afflux = 0.050 m
Scour Depth Calculation :
From IRC-78 , % increament of discharge with respect to catchment area = 30 %
Maximum Discharge = 98 m3/s
Total increamented discharge as per code (for scour calculation) = 127.03 m3/s
Scour Depth Calculation :

Effective Span (center to center of Bearing) = 18.75 m
Bearing center to Deck end = 0.75 m
Total Span = 18.75 + 2 x 0.75 + 2 x 0.04 = = 20.33 m

No of Expansion Gap between two adjacent span = 2
Expansion Gap between two adjacent span = 0.04 m
No of Span = 2
Total Bridge length = 2 x 20.33 + 2 x 0.04 /2= = 40.7 m
No. of Pier = 1
Thk of Pier = 2 m
No. of Abutment = 2
Thickness of Abutment = 1.2 m
Deduction of linear waterway due to
Abutment (0.35 +1/2of Abt.thk.) = 1.39 m
Pier = 2m
Effective LW = 35.92 m
Db = Design Discharge/ Eff. Span = 3.5 m3/sec/m

Ksf (Silt Factor) = 2.0
Dsm (Normal Scour Depth) = 1.34(Db2/Ksf)1/3 = 2.469 m
Dsm (Normal Scour Depth) = [ From HFL-LBL Criteria] = 3.915 m
Consider Dsm = 3.915 m
Normal Scour Level = 94.873 m
Max. scour depth at abutment location = (1.27 x Dsm) = 4.972 m

Max. scour level at abutment location = 94.873 m
Max. scour depth at pier location = (2.0 x Dsm) = 7.830 m

Max. scour level at pier location = 92.015 m
DESIGN OF
ABUTMENT
ANALYSIS OF ABUTMENT
Basic design data:-
a) Superstructure:-
Formation level = 102.895 m
Overall length of Bridge= 41.420 m
Span ( c/c of expansion joint) = 20.290 m
Distance between C/l of bearing to C/l of exp. joint = 0.770 m
Effective span (C/C of bearing) = 18.750 m
Clear carraige way width = 7.500 m
Depth of girder+deck slab at CL of carraigeway = 1.875 m
Thickness of bituminous concrete Wearing Coat (on carriageway)= 0.065 m
b) Hydraulic and survey data :-
H.F.L = 99.845 m
Lowest Bed Level, LBL 94.873 m
Max. scour level = 94.873 m ( Non seismic case)
c) Sub-structure :-
Bearing and pedestal :
Level of bearings = 100.955 m.
Thickness of bearing = 0.167 m
Thickness of pedestal = 0.200 m
Maximum ht of bearing + pedestal = 0.367 m
d) Abutment cap :
Top of abutment Cap = 100.588 m
Bottom of Abutment cap = 99.788 m
Length of abutment Cap = 8.450 m
Thickness of abutment cap for rectangular section = 0.800 m
Width of abutment cap at top (including dirt wall part) = 1.790 m
Width of abutment cap at bottom = 1.790 m
abutment shaft :
Total length of abutment shaft = 8.45 m
Thickness of abutment wall = 0.900 m
Height of abutment wall = 2.200 m
Height of frame at abutment location = 3.367 m
Dirt wall :
Thikcness of Dirt wall = 0.400 m
Height of Dirt wall = 2.310 m
Length of dirt wall = 8.450 m
Return wall :
Width of Return wall = (avg.) 0.400 m
Length of return wall = 3.500 m
Height of return wall = 5.123 m
Pile and pile cap :
Diameter of pile = 1.2 m
Thickness of pile cap = 1.800 m
Length of pile cap = 12.30 m
Width of pile cap = 5.10 m
Bottom of pile cap = 95.788 m
Top of pile Cap = 97.588 m
Top of pile = 95.938 m
Approach Slab :
Length of approach slab = 3.500 m
Thickness of approach slab = 0.300 m (At mid-section)
Thickness of approach slab = 0.300 m (At edge)
d) Material Properties :
Grade of steel = Fe 500
Grade of Concrete = M 30
Cement concrete Wearing Coat (on footpath)= M 30
Unit Weight of concrete = 25 KN/m3
Unit Weight of Cement concrete Wearing Coat = 25 KN/m3
Unit Weight of Bituminous concrete Wearing Coat = 22 KN/m3
e) Soil property:-
3
Density of soil = 20.00 KN/m
o
Angle of Shearing resistance of backfill soil = 30
Property of Backfill material behind Abutment and Return wall
= 30.00 o
= 20.00 o
= 0.00 o
= 0.00 o
3
= 20.00 KN/m
LOAD CALCULATIONS
Permanent Load :
Self Weight/Dead Load
Dead Load from super-structure = 1980 KN

So, dead load in one abutment = 990 KN
Self weight of dirt wall = (8.45 m x 2.31 m x 0.4 m x 25)= 195.195 KN
Line of action of load from center of abutment = -1.14 m
Self weight of Abutment Cap = (8.45 m x 1.79 m x 0.8 m x 25)= 302.510 KN
Self weight of abutment shaft = (8.45 m x 2.2 m x 0.9 m x 25)= 418.275 KN
Self weight of pile cap = (12.3 m x 1.8 m x 5.1 m x 25)= 2822.850 KN
Self weight of return wall = (2 x 3.5m x 0.4m x 5.123m x 25)= 358.610 KN
Backfill Weight
Weight of backfill above the hill side of the abutment pile cap =
( 11.5 m x 2.1 m x 4.673 m x 20)-(0.89 m x 3.11 m x 11.5 m x 20)= 1620.442 KN
Distance of center of load from abutment center = 1.5 m
Earth Pressure
Calculation of Active Earth Pressure Coefficient (Static)
cos2( - ) = 0.75
cos2 = 1.00
cos( + ) = 0.94
cos( - ) = 1.00
sin( + ) = 0.77
sin( - ) = 0.50
Ka = 0.279
Considering dirt wall
Height of Dirt wall = H = 2.310 m
2.310
0.970
2
12.89 KN/m
2
Earth pressure at base due to backfill soil =0.279x20x2.31 = 12.89 KN/m
Total load on dirt wall = 125.80 KN
This load is located 0.42 of the height of wall above base,
Lever arm = 0.970 m…..(Clause 214.1,IRC:6-2014,page-41)
Moment at dirt wall base = 122.054 KN-m
Considering abutment wall :

Height of the abutment=Height of abutment wall+Dirt wall= 5.310 m
Length of abutment wall = 8.45 m
Height from pile cap bottom to deck level = 7.110 m
5.31
2.23
2
29.630 KN/m
Calculation of moment due to earth pressure :-

2
Earth pressure at base due to backfill soil =0.279x20x5.31 = 29.630 KN/m
Horizontal force due to backfill earth = 664.74 KN (Considering abutment bottom)
This load is located 0.42 of the height of wall above base,
Lever arm = 2.230 m…..(Clause 214.1,IRC:6-2014,page-41)
Acting at a ht of = 2.230 m ( from base of abutment )
Earth pressure at base due to backfill soil =0.279x20x7.11 = 39.674 KN/m2
Horizontal force due to backfill earth = 1191.79 KN (Considering pile cap bottom)
Acting at a ht of = 0.42 m of total height = 2.99 m ( from bottom of pile cap level )
Total moment at the base of abutment due to earth pressure = 1482.50 KN-m
Total moment at the base of pile cap due to earth pressure = 3558.9264 KN-m
Variable gravity loads treated as permanent loads
Super Imposed Dead Load (SIDL) (except surfacing)

Super Imposed Dead Load acting on abutment = 30 KN
Surfacing and Wearing Coat

Surfacing or loading on abutment due to cement concrete wearing coat = (20.25m x 7.5m x 0.065m x 22KN/cum)KN /2
(For carriageway) = 108.59 KN
So,on one abutment total surfacing load or load due to wearing coat = 108.59 KN
Vehicular Live Load
Carriageway Live load

(I) 3 lanes of Class-A
(II) 2 lane of 70R Tracked
(III) 2 lane of 70R Wheel
1 Type of Loading = Class A train of vehicle.
A) One Span Loaded
Span, Le = 19 m Case - 1: One Lane / one span loaded.
Lc = 0.75 m Minimum Clearence = 150 mm
Expansion gap = 0.04 m Width of ground contact (In transverse direction) = 500 mm
Impact Factor = 1.182 Width of Footpath with crush barrier & kerb = 475 mm
Width of carriageway = 7.50 m
114 114 68 68 68 68
1.2 4.3 3 3 3 5.00
0.750 19 0.750
Rb Ra
0.875 1.8
8m eT 4.225 m
Maximum Reaction = Rb = 434.5 kN

And transverse eccentricity, wrt deck, eT = 2.45 m
And longitudinal eccentricity, wrt abutment, eL = 0m
Case - 2: Two Lane / One span loaded.
Minimum clearence = 1200 mm between two outer edges of vehicle.
CG of Load
0.21
0.475 0.4 1.7 -0.15
1.8 1.95
4.225 4.225
456
Maximum Reaction = 869.1 kN
2 Type of Loading = IRC class 70R Tracked

A) One Span Loaded
Case - 1: 70R Tracked + Class A
Span, Le = 18.75 m Minimum Clearence = 1200 mm
Lc = 0.75 m Width of ground contact = 840 mm
Expansion gap = 0.04 m Width of footpath with kerb & crash barrier = 475 mm
Impact factor = 1.100 Width of carriageway = 7.50 m
700/4.57 = 153.17 kN/m

4.57
0.75 19 0.75
Rb Ra
70R Tracked Loading 1.11
350 350
0.475 1.2 1.2

0.84 0.84
4.225 4.225
700
Maximum Reaction for 70R Tracked = Rb = 713.7 kN
Hence,Total Reaction Rb = 713.7 kN

3 Type of Loading = IRC 70 R Wheel

A) One Span Loaded
Case - 1: 70 R Wheel + Class A
170 170 170 170 120 120 80

1.37 3.05 1.37 2.13 1.52 3.96 6.10
0.75 19 0.75
Rb Ra
Maximum reaction = Rb = 906.28 kN
max longitudinal eccentricity = eL = 0.00 m
70R Wheeled Loading
170 170
0.475 1.2 0.86 0.86

1.07
4.225 4.225
340
max transverse eccentricity = eT = 1.16 m
Vehicular live load

Detail analysis of vehicular live loads are done in previous pier analysis sheets
Load cases considered for abutment are tabulated bellow :
Load due to
Load due to RA eL eT ML MT
CASE additional
main wheel (kN) (m) (m) (kN-m) (kN-m)
wheel
CLASS A
TWO LANE SINGLE SPAN
1000 0 869.09 0 0.213 0 184.683
700 0 713.717 0 1.110 0 792.226

70R TRACKED
70R WHEELED 1000 0 906.276 0 1.155 0 1046.748
Longitudinal Forces
Calculation of Braking Forces ……. (Ref. cl. 211 of IRC 6-2017, page-37)
Case - I Case - III Case - V

Braking force line of action
Class A -
1.2m
TWO lane / 70R Wh.
one span 70R Tr. one Load one
loaded span loaded span loaded
a Total Load kN = 1000 700 1000
b Braking force Fh kN = 100 140 200
c Braking force at Abutment side Fh kN = 100.00 140.00 200.00
d Breaking forces at bearing level μ(Rg + Rq) kN = 55.773 51.112 56.888
e ThickNess of wearing coat m = 0.065 0.065 0.065
f Ht. of Braking force act above bearing m = 3.075 3.075 3.075
g Moment at bearing level kN-m = 307.50 430.50 615.00
h Reaction as push/pull (+/-) kN = 16.40 22.96 32.80
i For moment at Abt. base, lever arm m = 3.367 3.367 3.367
j Longitudinal moment at Abt. base due to bearing force kN-m = 187.79 172.09 191.54
Calculation of Bearing Forces:
Bearing type- one side is fixed.

As per IRC 6-2017 Clause-211.5.1 μ= 0.03
Beaing Forces in Abutment Cap = Case-I μ(Rg + Rq) = 55.77 51.11 56.89
or
Case-I μ(Rg + Rq) = 55.77 51.11 56.89
Earthpressure surcharge effect due to live load :
Live load surcharge pressure is to be considered

2
Equivalent to 1.2 m height of soil = 6.70 KN/m …..(Clause 214.1,IRC 6-2017,page-37)
Considering dirt wall :

Total horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 130.703 KN
Moment at base of dirt wall due to live

load surcharge = 150.961 KN-m
2.310
1.155
2
6.70 KN/m
Considering Abutment Shaft

Total horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 300.276 KN (For abutment)
Total horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 372.983 KN (For pile cap base)
Moment at base of abutment wall due to live

Moment at base of pile cap due to live
5.307 load surcharge = 1229.353 KN-m
2.653
6.70 KN/m2
Wind load calculation:
(As per IRC 6-2017, clause 209, page-33)
pz = 463.7 N/m2 (From IRC:6-2014, table 5, for 33m/s basic wind speed)
Basic wind speed at bridge location = 50 m/s
Actual hourly mean wind pressure = 1.06 KN/m2
Wind force = Area x pz x G x ( CD or CL )
= Area x pz'
= Area x 4.152 KN/m2 for super-structure
Where G = 2.00
CD = 1.95 for super-structure (from table 5, IRC:6-2014, page-33)
1.3 for abutment shaft
CL = 0.75 (Lift co-efficient)
Wind load as per clause 209, IRC 6-2017
a Wind Force on superstructure:
i. Transverse wind force (FT) :
Solid area (A1) = Exposed area in Transverse direction = 38 m2
FT = 158 kN
ii. Longitudinal wind force (FL) :
FL = 25% of transverse wind force = 39.49 kN
iii. Vertical wind load (FV) :
Plan area (A3) = 171.5 m2
Lift Coefficient (CL) = 0.75
FV = 119 kN
b Wind force on live load:
as per clause 209.3.7 of IRC: 6, 2014, bridge shall not be
considered to carry any live load if the basic wind velocity exceeds 36m/sec.
c Wind force on Substructure:
Pier Cap Velocity Of Wind
i. Transverse wind force: Position Direction vert. comp. Hortz. Comp.
Exposed area = 1.43 m2 kN kN
Super
Transverse wind force = 4.0 kN structure Transverse 119.25 157.94
ii. Longitudinal Wind Force: Longitudinal 39.49
Exposed area = 6.8 m2
ACCIDENTAL ACTIONS
Seismic Hazards
Seismic Zone of bridge location = IV

Zone factor, Z = 0.24 (Table 7, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
Seismic importance factor of the structure I = 1.2 (Table 8, IRC:6-2014, page-55)
Average response acceleration co-efficient (Sa/g) 2.5 (Clause 219.5.1, IRC:6-2014, page-54)
Horizontal seismic co-efficient Ah
= (Z/2)X (I)X(Sa/g)/R = 0.360 /R
Where R is response reduction factor to be considered
Is ductile detailing to be done ? Yes
Value of R for sub-structure = 3
Hence horizontal seismic co-efficient (Ah) for sub-structure = 0.120
Horizontal seismic force, Feq = Ah.(Dead Load+Appropriate Live Load)
Seismic force due to dead load

(Inertia loads due to self-mass generated in bridge structure by ground acceleration)
A. Seismic on Superstructure:
Seismic forces in super-structure and SIDL without surfacing is done in previous pier calculation sheets
Dead Load from super-structure and SIDL without surfacing = = 2010 KN
C.G. of Deck from girder bottom = 1.203 m
Design Horizontal Seismic coefficient Ah = 0.12
Seismic force in longitudinal direction Fh Ah x (Total Dead Load)= 241.25 KN
Seismic force in longitudinal direction taken by one support Fh/2 = 120.62 KN ………r1
Acting at RL = 102.158 m
Lever arm for moment at bearing level = 1.203 m
Longitudinal moment at bearing level = 145.11 KN-m
Vertical pull-push effect due to Horizontal seismic force = 7.739 KN
Lever arm for moment at abutment base = 3.367 m
Longitudinal moment at abutment base = 406.136 KN-m ……..Mz
Horizontal seismic force in transeverse direction = Fh/2 = 120.62 KN ………..r2
Transeverse moment at abutment base = 406.14 KN-m ……Mx
Vertical component of seismic force = 80.415 KN …r3 (Clause 219.3, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
Design force in longitudinal direction = ±r1±0.3r2±0.3r3 = 180.934 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = ±0.3r1±r2±0.3r3 = 180.934 KN
Design force in vertical direction = ±0.3r1±0.3r2±r3 = 152.789 KN
Design longitudinal moment at Abutment base= Mz + 0.3Mx = 527.978 KN-m
Design transeverse moment at Abutment base = 0.3Mz+ Mx = 527.98 KN-m
Design longitudinal moment at bottom of pile-cap= Mz + 0.3Mx = 810.23 KN-m
Design transverse moment at bottom of pile-cap=0.3 Mz + Mx = 810.23 KN-m
B. Seismic on Sufacing:
Surfacing or load due to wearing coat = 108.591 KN
C.G. of wearing coat from girder bottom = 1.908 m
Design Horizontal Seismic coefficient Ah = 0.12 kN
Seismic force in longitudinal direction Fh Ah*(Total Dead Load) = 13.031 KN
Seismic force in longitudinal direction taken by one support Fh = 13.031 KN ………r1
Longitudinal moment at abutment base = 43.87 KN-m ……..Mz
Horizontal seismic force in transeverse direction = Fh = 13.031 KN ………..r2
Transeverse moment at abutment base = 43.87 KN-m ……Mx
Vertical component of seismic force = 8.687 KN ……r3 (Clause 219.3, IRC 6-2017, page-47)
Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC 6-2017, page-47)
Design force in longitudinal direction = ±r1±0.3r2±0.3r3 = 19.55 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = ±0.3r1±r2±0.3r3 = 19.55 KN
Design force in vertical direction = ±0.3r1±0.3r2±r3 = 16.51 KN
Design longitudinal moment = Mz+ 0.3Mx = 57.04 KN-m
Design transeverse moment = 0.3Mz+ Mx = 57.04 KN-m
Design transverse moment at bottom of pile-cap= 0.3Mz + Mx = 87.53 KN-m
C. Seismic on Dirt wall :

CG of the dirt wall from top of pile cap = 3.355 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x W_dirt wall = 23.42 KN ……….r1
Acting at RL = 100.943 m RL
Longitudinal moment at Abutment base = 78.574 KN-m ……..Mz
Transverse seismic = A_h x W_dirt wall = 23.42 KN ……….r2
Transeverse moment at Abutment base = 78.574 KN-m ……..Mx
Vertical component of seismic force =(2/3)x Horizontal Force Component (Clause 219.3, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
= 15.613 KN ………r3

Design force in longitudinal direction = ±r1 0.3r2 0.3r3 = 35.13 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = 0.3r1±r2 0.3r3 = 35.13 KN
Design force in vertical direction = 0.3r1 0.3r2 r3 = 29.665 KN
Design longitudinal moment = Mz + 0.3Mx = 102.146 KN-m
Design transeverse moment = 0.3Mz + Mx = 102.146 KN-m
D. Seismic on Abutment Cap:

CG of the abutment cap from top of pile cap = 2.600 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x W_cap = 36.30 KN ……….r1
Longitudinal moment = = 94.380 KN-m ……..Mz
Transverse seismic = A_h x A_cap = 36.30 KN ……….r2
Transeverse moment = 94.380 KN-m ……..Mx
Vertical component of seismic force =(2/3)x Horizontal Force Component
(Clause 219.3, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
= 24.200 KN ………r3
Design force in longitudinal direction =  r1 0.3r2 0.3r3 = 54.45 KN
Design force in transeverse direction =  0.3r1 r2 0.3r3 = 54.45 KN
Design force in vertical direction =  0.3r1 0.3r2 r3 = 45.980 KN
E. Seismic on Abutment Shaft:

CG of the abutment shaft from top of pile cap = 1.100 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x A_shaft = 50.19 KN ……….r1
Longitudinal moment at Abutment base = 55.21 KN-m ……..Mz
Transverse seismic = A_h x A_cap = 50.19 KN ……….r2
Transeverse moment at Abutment base = 55.21 KN-m ……..Mx
= 33.462 KN ………r3

Design force in longitudinal direction =±r1 0.3r2 0.3r3 = = 75.289 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = 0.3r1 r2 0.3r3 = 75.289 KN
Design force in vertical direction =±0.3r1 0.3r2 r3 = 63.578 KN
F. Seismic on Return Walls:

CG of the return walls from top of pile cap 2.562 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x R_walls 43.03 KN ……….r1
Acting at RL 100.175 m RL
Longitudinal moment at Abutment base 111.305 KN-m ……..Mz
Transverse seismic = A_h x R_walls 43.03 KN ……….r2
Acting at RL 100.175 m RL
Transeverse moment at Abutment base 111.305 KN-m ……..Mx
= 28.689 KN ………r3

Design force in longitudinal direction = ± r1 0.3r2 0.3r3 = 64.550 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = 0.3r1 r2 0.3r3 = 64.550 KN
Design force in vertical direction = 0.3r1 0.3r2 r3 = 54.509 KN
G. Seismic on Pile Cap :

CG of the pile cap from bottom of pile cap = = 0.900 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x W_Pile cap = 338.74 KN ……….r1
Longitudinal moment at bottom of pile cap = 304.866 KN-m ……..Mz
Transverse seismic = A_h x W_Pile cap = 338.74 KN ……….r2
Transeverse moment at bottom of pile cap = 304.866 KN-m ……..Mx
= 225.827 KN ………r3

Design force in longitudinal direction = ± r1 0.3r2 0.3r3 = 508.11 KN
Design force in transeverse direction =  0.3r1 r2 0.3r3 = 508.11 KN
Design force in vertical direction =  0.3r1 0.3r2 r3 = 429.071 KN
H. Seismic on carriageway live load …….(Clause 219.5.2, IRC:6-2014, page-55)
(Inertia loads due to mass of vehicular live load)
20% Reaction Ah Transverse Acting RL at Lever arm at Transve vertical

(KN) seismic force (+1.20) Abutment rse force
base moment compon
Live Load Case
at ent
Abutme
sl. No. nt base
For Class-A Class A 70R
2 Two lane class A/ one span loaded 147.05 0.120 17.65 104.10 6.51 114.83 11.76
For IRC class 70R Tracked
5 Two lane 70R TR one span loaded 129.77 0.120 15.57 104.10 6.51 101.33 10.38
For IRC class 70R Wheeled
7 Two lane 70R Wh. one span loaded 153.35 0.120 18.40 104.10 6.51 119.74 12.27
I. Increased Earth Pressure due to Seismic
Calculation of Dynamic Earth Pressure Coefficient …..(Clause 8, IS:1893-1984, page-46)

Horizontal seismic force co-efficient = Ah = 0.12
Horizontal seismic force co-efficient = Av = 0.08
Calculation of Active Earth Pressure Coefficient (Dynamic)
For +Av : For -Av :

1+Av = 1.080 1-Av = 0.920
= tan-1{Ah/(1+Av)}= 6.3402 o = tan-1{Ah/(1-Av)} = 7.4314 o

2 2
cos ( - - ) = 0.8390 cos ( - - ) = 0.8527
cos( + + ) = 0.8962 cos( + + ) = 0.8876
cos( - ) = 1.0000 cos( - ) = 1.0000
cos = 0.9939 cos = 0.9916
cos2 = 1.0000 cos2 = 1.0000
sin( + ) = 0.7660 sin( + ) = 0.7660
sin( - - ) = 0.4013 sin( - - ) = 0.3838
Ca = 0.405 Ca = 0.359
Maximum of these two = 0.405 to be considered
Considering dirt wall portion

2.310
0.970
5.8 KN/m2
Dynamic increment :
2
Earth pressure at base due to backfill = 5.8 KN/m
Horizontal force due to backfill soil = 56.61 KN
Acting at =2.31 x 0.42= 0.970 m
(Clause-8.1.1.2,IS:1893-1984,Page-47)
Bending moment increment for dynamic condition= 54.92 KNm

5.242
2.20
13.170 KN/m2
Dynamic increment
2
Earth pressure at abutment base due to backfill = 13.170 KN/m
Horizontal force increment due to backfill soil = 291.68 KN (For abutment shaft)
Acting at a ht. of = 2.20 m ( from base of abutment )
Horizontal force increment due to backfill soil = 473.57 KN (from bottom of pile cap)
Acting at a ht. of = 2.96 m ( from bottom of pile cap level )
Total moment increment at the base of abutment due to Earth pressure = 642.18 KN-m
Total moment increment at the base of pile cap due to Earth pressure = 1400.66 KN-m
Earthpressure surcharge effect due to live load :
Live load surcharge pressure is to be considered

2
Equivalent to 1.2 m height of soil = 3.01 KN/m …..(Clause 214.1,IRC:6-2014,page-41)
Considering dirt wall :

Total horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 58.754 KN
Moment at base of dirt wall due to live

2.310
1.155
2
3.01 KN/m
Total horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 133.328 KN (For abutment)
Total horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 179.110 KN (For pile cap bnase)
Moment at base of abutment wall due to live

Moment at base of pile cap due to live
5.242
2.621
3.01 KN/m2
J. Effects of liquefaction of soils :
Incorporating the reccomendtations on effect of liquefaction of soil (if any), strength
of piles are determined and considered during design of piles.
Load combination at abutment base:-
SL
NO LOAD DESCRIPTION V HL HT LA ML MT
A Permanent Action
i Dead load from super-structure 990
ii Self weight of dirt wall 195.20 -222.522
iii Self weight of abutment cap 302.51 -134.62
iv Self weight of abutment wall 418.27
v Self weight of return wall 358.6 -788.94
vi Earth Pressure due to back-Fill 664.74 2.23 1482.50
B Variable gravity treated as Permanent
i Super Imposed Dead Load 30
ii Surfacing 108.591
D Variable Actions
Vehicular Live Load
i CLASS A-3 LANE 1SPAN 869.1 0.00 184.68
iii 70R TRACKED & CLASS A-3LANE 1 SPAN 713.7 0.00 792.23
v 70R WHEELED & CLASS A-3 LANE 1 SPAN 906.3 0.00 1046.75
i Longitudinal Forces (Braking)
i CLASS A-3 LANE 1SPAN 16.4 155.77 3.367 524.49
iii 70R TRACKED & CLASS A-3LANE 1 SPAN 23.0 191.11 3.367 643.47
v 70R WHEELED & CLASS A-3 LANE 1 SPAN 32.8 256.89 3.367 864.94
Earth Surcharge due to Live Load 300.28 2.65 796.78
E Seismic Forces
Seismic forces for dead load
a) on superstructure 152.79 180.93 180.93 527.98 527.98
b) Surfacing 16.51 19.55 19.55 57.04 57.04
c) on dirt wall 29.67 35.13 35.13 102.15 102.15
d) on abutment cap 45.98 54.45 54.45 122.69 122.69
e) on abutment wall 63.58 75.29 75.29 71.78 71.78
f) on return wall 54.51 64.55 64.55 144.70 144.70
vertical push-pull due to seismic at sup. 9.07
Seismic forces for Live Load
Wind Load
Wind Load on super-structure 119.25 197.43 2.65 523.873
Increased Earth Pressure due to seismic 291.68 2.20 642.18
Increased surcharge earth pressure due to seismic 0.000 2.621 0.00
Load combination at Bottom of Pile Cap level (For pile) :-
SL
NO LOAD DESCRIPTION V HL HT LA ML MT
A Permanent Action
i Dead load from super-structure 990.00
ii Self weight of dirt wall 195.20 -222.522
iii Self weight of abutment cap 302.51 -134.62
iv Self weight of abutment wall 418.27
v Self weight of return wall 358.6 -788.94
vi Self weight of pile cap 2822.9
vii Back Fill weight on pile cap 1620.4 -2430.66
viii Earth Pressure due to back-Fill 1191.79 2.99 3558.93
B Variable gravity treated as Permanent
i Super Imposed Dead Load 30.375
ii Surfacing 108.591
D Variable Actions
Vehicular Live Load
i CLASS A-3 LANE 1SPAN 735.27 0.00 156.25
iii 70R TRACKED & CLASS A-3LANE 1 SPAN 648.83 0.00 720.21
v 70R WHEELED & CLASS A-3 LANE 1 SPAN 766.73 0.00 885.57
Longitudinal Forces (Braking)
Earth Surcharge due to Live Load 372.98 3.30 1229.35
E Seismic Forces
Seismic forces for dead load
a) on superstructure 190.99 226.17 180.93 1.80 1012.79 1012.79
b) Surfacing 20.63 24.43 19.55 1.80 109.41 109.41
c) on dirt wall 37.08 43.91 43.91 1.80 196.19 196.19
d) on abutment cap 57.48 68.06 68.06 1.80 259.54 259.54
e) on abutment wall 79.47 94.11 94.11 1.80 236.53 236.53
f) on return wall 68.14 80.69 80.69 1.80 306.74 306.74
g) on pile cap 536.34 635.14 635.14 495.41 495.41
vertical push-pull due to seismic at sup. 11.33
Seismic forces for Live Load
Wind Load
Wind Load on super-structure 119.25 197.43 4.45 879.24
Increased Earth Pressure due to seismic 591.966 2.96 1750.82
Increased surcharge earth pressure seismic 0.000 3.52 0.000
LOAD COMBINATION FOR PIER SHAFT BASE (For Ultimate Limit State)
Loads V ML MT HL HT
Dead Load 2264.59 -1146.08 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 30.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Surfacing 108.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A(3L/1S) LL1 869.09 0.00 184.68 0.00 0.00
70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 713.72 0.00 792.23 0.00 0.00
70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 906.28 0.00 1046.75 0.00 0.00
BrakingClass A(3L/1S) LL1 16.40 524.49 0.00 155.77 0.00
Braking70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 22.96 643.47 0.00 191.11 0.00
Braking70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 32.80 864.94 0.00 256.89 0.00
Earth Pressure 0.00 1482.50 0.00 664.74 0.00
LL surcharge on Earth Pr. 0.00 796.78 0.00 300.28 0.00
Dead Load Seismic 372.09 1026.33 1026.33 429.90 429.90
Seismic Class A(3L/1S) LL1 11.76 0.00 114.83 0.00 17.65
Seismic 70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 10.38 0.00 101.33 0.00 15.57
Seismic 70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 12.27 0.00 119.74 0.00 18.40
Wind load 119.25 0.00 523.87 0.00 197.43
Increased Earth Pr. due to Sis. 0.00 642.18 0.00 291.68 0.00
Increased EP surch. due to Sis. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
NON-SEISMIC CASE
B WIND
A DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+EP+EP LL DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+EP+EP DL+/-WL
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1.35 Dead Load 1.35
SIDL 1.35 SIDL 1.35
Surfacing 1.75 Surfacing 1.75
LL 1.50 LL 1.50
Braking LL 1.15 Braking LL 1.15
EP 1.50 EP 1.50
EP LL surcharge 1.20 EP LL surcharge 1.20
WL 1.50
SEISMIC CASE
A C
DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL S+EP S+EP LL S DL+SIDL+Surfacing+EP+DL seis+EP seis
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1 Dead Load 1.00
SIDL 1 SIDL 1.00
Surfacing 1 Surfacing 1.00
LL 0 EP 1.00
Braking LL 0.2 DL sis 1.00
EP 1 EP seis 1.00
EP LL surcharge7646.38 0.2
DL sis 1
LL sis 1
EP LL sis 1
EP sis 1
Vu MLu MTu HLu Htu
1 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP LL 4610.74 2235.84 277.02 1536.58 0.00
NON SEISMIC 3 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Br. LL5+EP+EP LL 4685.37 2627.36 1570.12 1652.86 0.00
4 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP DL+WL 4789.62 2235.84 1062.83 1536.58 296.14
7 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP DL-WL 4431.86 2235.84 -508.79 1536.58 -296.14
8 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP DL-WL 4206.34 2372.67 402.53 1577.22 -296.14
10 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL1 S+EP S+EP LL S 2790.69 2269.18 1141.16 1477.53 447.55
SEISMIC
13 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+EP+DL seis+EP seis 2775.65 2004.92 1026.33 1386.32 429.90
LOAD COMBINATION FOR ABUTMENT SHAFT BASE (For Servicibility Limit State)
Loads V ML MT HL HT
Dead Load 2264.59 -1146.08 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 30.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Surfacing 108.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A(3L/1S) LL1 869.09 0.00 184.68 0.00 0.00
70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 713.72 0.00 792.23 0.00 0.00
70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 906.28 0.00 1046.75 0.00 0.00
Braking70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 22.96 643.47 0.00 191.11 0.00
Braking70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 32.80 864.94 0.00 256.89 0.00
Earth Pressure 0.00 1482.50 0.00 664.74 0.00
Seismic 70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 10.38 0.00 101.33 0.00 15.57
Seismic 70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 12.27 0.00 119.74 0.00 18.40
Wind load 119.25 0.00 523.87 0.00 197.43
NON-SEISMIC CASE
B WIND
Loads FOS Loads FOS
SIDL 1.00 SIDL 1.00
LL 1.00 LL 1.00
EP 1.00 EP 1.00
WL 1.00
SEISMIC CASE
A C
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1 Dead Load 1.00
SIDL 1 SIDL 1.00
Surfacing 1 Surfacing 1.00
LL 0 EP 1.00
Braking LL 0.2 DL sis 1.00
EP 1 EP seis 1.00
EP LL surcharge7646.38 0.2
DL sis 1
LL sis 1
EP LL sis 1
EP sis 1
Vu MLu MTu HLu Htu
NON SEISMIC
ABUTMENT SHAFT DESIGN
Total Ultimate Loads (Loads in KN, moments in KN-m)

Load Case Vu MLu MTu
3 Maximum longitudinal Moment case 4685.37 2627.4 1570.12
6 Maximum vertical load case 4864.25 2627.4 2355.93
11 Minimum vertical load case 2790.62 2293.0 1127.66
13 Unloaded case 2775.65 2004.9 1026.33
Section is checked at abutment base
Length of abutment = 8.450 m

Abutment stem thickness at bottom = 0.9 m
2
Area of section = 7.61 m
Grade of concrete : M 30
Ecm of concrete = 31000 N/mm2 (From table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page no. 38)
Es of steel = 200000 N/mm2 (From clause6.3.5, IRC:112-2011, page no. 32)
Design compressive strength of concrete = sc = fcd = afck/gm = 13.400 N/mm2

(From clause6.3.5, IRC:112-2011, page no. 49)
Design peak strength of steel = fy/gs = 434.783 N/mm2
Checking as wall:
Ref. Cl-7.6.4.1, IRC-112:2011
0.1.fcd.Ac= 10190.7 kN
Maximum Design verical Load= 4864.25 kN
The section is to be designed for pure bending element also.
Checking for pure Bending:
Design moment = 2627.36 KN-m
Width of section = 8.45 m
Depth of section = 0.9 m
Concrete failure strain = εcu1 = 0.0035 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Concrete limiting strain = εc2 = 0.002 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Yield strain of steel = 0.87fy/Es = 0.00218
Limiting strain of steel = (0.87fy/Es+0.002) = 0.00418
Total reinforcement provided = 34344 mm2

Clear cover = 75 mm
Effective depth "d" = 812.5 mm
Actual Neutral Axis depth xu = (0.87fyAst )/(0.36fckb )= 163.70 mm
Actual strain in steel = 0.017 mm
Stress in steel = =0.87*fy= 434.783 Mpa
Balanced Neutral Axis depth xu,max = 370.5 mm
So, Section is under reinforced, ok, proceed
CG of compressive force = 68.100 mm from most compressed surface
Moment of resistance, Mu =0.87*fy*Ast*(d-0.416*xu) =
11115.42 kN-m OK
Slenderness criteria check:
Clear height of Abutment shaft = 2.2 m (upto abutment cap top)
Effective length, l e = 1.3l 0 = 2.86 m (Table 11.1, case-4, IRC:112-2011, page-114)
Now thickness of the wall, t = 0.9 m

Ratio of effective length to its thickness, l e /t = 3.178
As the ratio does not exceed 12, it is short and no secondary effect to be considered
(clause 7.6.4, IRC:112-2011, page-57)
1 Analysis of section longitudinal direction : ( Check for load combination case 3 )

2
Provide 25 mm dia. Bar 70 nos 34343.75 mm
2
+ 25 mm dia. Bar 70 nos 34343.75 mm
2
and 25 mm dia. Bar 8 nos 3925 mm
2
+ 25 mm dia. Bar 8 nos 3925 mm
Effective cover = 97.5 mm
The section is divided into 8 segments. Depth of each = 113 mm
2
Area of reinforcement in segment 1 = 35325 mm
2
Area of steel in segment 2 to 7 981.25 mm
2
Area of steel in segment 8 35325 mm
2
total area of steel = 68687.5 mm
% of steel = 0.91
P / fck = 0.031 section about longituidinal (xx) axis -
Pu / fck x b x d = 0.03 d' / D = 0.108 ~ 0.10
2
so, Mu / fck x b x d = 0.020 fy = 500
so, Mux1 = 4106.7 kN-m use chart no. 36
section about transverse (yy) axis -

Pu / fck x b x d = 0.03 d' / D = 0.012 ~ 0.05
2
so, Mu / fck x b x d = 0.03 fy = 500
so, Muy1 = 57836.03 kN-m use chart no. 35
Interaction check
(MEdx/MRdx)â+(MEdy/MRdy)â<= 1 (Eq. 8.3, IRC:112-2011,page-75)

6 = L/C - 12 L/C - 6 L/C - 13 L/C - 11
MEdx = Design moment in longitudinal direction = KN-m 2627.36 2627.4 2004.9 2293.0
MEdy = Design moment in transeverse direction = KN-m 1570.12 2355.93 1026.33 1127.66
MRdx = Resisting moment in longitudinal direction = KN-m 4106.70 4106.70 4106.70 4106.70
MRdy = Resisting moment in transeverse direction = KN-m 57836.0 57836.0 57836.0 57836.0
NEd = Design axial force = KN 4685.37 4864.25 2775.65 2790.62
NRd = Design axial resistance = KN 130917.72 130917.72 130917.72 130917.72
NEd/NRd = 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Type of cross section of abutment = Rectangular Rectangular Rectangular Rectangular
a= 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
(MEdx/MRdx)â+(MEdy/MRdy)â = 0.67 0.68 0.51 0.58
Check = OK OK OK OK
ABUTMENT SHAFT DESIGN (SLS)
Load Case Vu MLu MTu

3 Maximum longitudinal Moment case 3342.63 1998.1 1046.75
6 Maximum vertical load case 3461.88 1998.1 1570.62
8 Minimum vertical load case 3020.98 1776.7 268.35
Stress level check:
Grade of concrete = M 30
Width of section considered = 1m
Section is checked for SLS

Design moment = 236.47 KN-m (for 1m width)
Width of section = 1m
"E" value of steel = 200000 Mpa
"E" value of concrete = 31000 Mpa
Modular ratio in tension = 9.3
Concrete failure strain = 0.0035
Maximum allowable stress in concrete = 0.48fck = 14.4 Mpa
(Clause 12.2.1(1), IRC:112-2011, page-120)
Maximum allowable stress in steel = 0.8fyk = 400 Mpa
(Clause 12.2.2, IRC:112-2011, page-120)
Netral axis depth = x = 165.18 mm
Moment , Mu =σst*Ast*(d-0.416*xu) = 1309.0035 OK
So, stress in steel = 78.6 Mpa OK, within permissible limit

Total force = 322.3 KN
Stress in concrete = 3.9 Mpa OK, within permissible limit
Crack width check:
Crack width, Wk = Sr.max(sm-cm) Where, Sr.max = Maximum crack spacing

sm = mean strain in the reinforcement under the relavant combination of loads
cm = mean strain in the concrete between cracks.
Now,
(Eq. 12.6, IRC:112-2011, page-125)
Where, sc = stress in the tension reinforcement = 78.58 Mpa
e = Es/Ecm = 6.4516
fct.eff = mean value of tensile strength of concrete = 2.5 Mpa
.eff = As/Ac.eff Where, Ac.eff = Effective area of concrete in tension, surrounding
the reinforcement of depth h c.eff
Where, hc.eff = lesser of the followings
2.5(h-d);(h-x/3);or h/2
Where, A = level of steel centroid
B = Effective tension area, Ac.eff
1,2 = greater and lesser tensile strain
So, hc.eff = 243.75 mm

2
Ac.eff = 243750 mm
Now. eff = As/Ac.eff = 0.0168243
kt = factor dependant on duration of the load may be taken as 0.5
Now in situations where spacing of bonded reinforcement within the tension zone is reasonably
close (i.e <=5(c+ /2)), the maximum crack spacing,
Where, = diameter of bar = 25 mm c = clear cover = 75 mm

k1 = co-efficient taking acount of bond properties of reinforcement = 0.8
k2 = coefficient taking account of distribution of strain = 0.5
So,Sr.max = 507.611 mm
And, sm-cm = -1.89E-05
Minimum value of sm -cm = 0.0002357
So, governing value of sm -cm = 0.000235743
So, crack width, Wk = Sr.max(sm-cm) = 0.120 mm

Maximum crack width = 0.3 mm (Table 12.1, IRC:112-2011, page-122)
crack width within permissible limit
LOAD COMBINATION FOR ABUTMENT PILE CAP BASE (Ultimate Limit State)
Loads V ML MT HL HT
Dead Load 6707.88 -3576.74 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 30.375 0 0 0 0
Surfacing 108.59063 0 0 0 0
Class A(3L/1S) LL1 735.27 0.00 156.25 0.00 0.00
70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 648.83 0.00 720.21 0.00 0.00
70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 766.73 0.00 885.57 0.00 0.00
Braking70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 22.96 987.47 0.00 191.11 0.00
Braking70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 32.80 1327.34 0.00 256.89 0.00
Earth Pressure 0 3558.93 0.00 1191.79 0.00
Seismic 70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 12.98 0.00 161.70 0.00 19.47
Seismic 70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 15.33 0.00 191.08 0.00 23.00
Wind load 119.25 0.00 879.24 0.00 197.43
NON-SEISMIC CASE
B WIND
Loads FOS Loads FOS
SIDL 1.35 SIDL 1.35
LL 1.5 LL 1.5
EP 1.5 EP 1.5
WL 1.5
SEISMIC CASE
A C
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1 Dead Load 1
SIDL 1 SIDL 1
Surfacing 1 Surfacing 1
LL 0 EP 1
Braking LL 0.2 DL sis 1
EP 1 EP seis 1
EP LL surcharge 0.2
DL sis 1
LL sis 1
EP LL sis 1
EP sis 1
V ML MT HL HT
N
O
N 3 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Br. LL5+EP+EP LL 10474.50 3511.45 1328.36 2530.69 0.00
S 5 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP DL+WL 10465.21 3120.60 2399.17 2455.04 296.14
E 6 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Br. LL5+EP+EP DL+WL 10653.38 3511.45 2647.22 2530.69 296.14
I
S
M 8 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP DL-WL 10107.46 3120.60 -238.56 2455.04 -296.14
I 9 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Br. LL5+EP+EP DL-WL 10295.62 3511.45 9.50 2530.69 -296.14
C 10 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL1 S+EP S+EP LL S 7866.29 4675.98 0.00 3046.44 0.00
13 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+EP+DL seis+EP seis 7848.30 4349.62 2616.62 2956.27 1122.39
CHECK FOR PILE CAPACITY

C/C of pile along longitudinal direction = 3.6 m
C/C of pile along transeverse direction = 3.6 m
No. of piles along longitudinal direction = 2 nos.
No. of piles along transeverse direction = 4 nos.
Pile cap dimension in longitudinal direction = 5.1 m as per requirement of pile no.
Abutment dimension in longitudinal direction = 0.9 m as per requirement abutment
dist. Betwn. c/c of Pile in longitudinal direction = 3.6 m
Final Pile cap dimension in longitudinal direction = 5.1 m
Pile cap dimension in transeverse direction = 12 m as per requirement of pile no.
Abutment dimension in transeverse direction = 8.45 m as per requirement abutment
dist. Betwn. c/c of Pile in Transverse direction = 3.600 m
Final Pile cap dimension in Transverse direction = 12.30 m
Depth of pile cap = 1.8 m
Earth height above pile cap = 4.942 m
Clear cover = 0.075 m
Effective depth of pile cap = 1.713 m
12.3
3.60
5.1
Load combination for pile load (with unfactored load)

in KN
Load Case V ML MT HL HT
MLmax 1 7646.38 2538.88 885.57 1821.66 0.00
Normal Case
Vmax 2 7646.38 2538.88 885.57 1821.66 0.00
Unloaded
MLmax 3 6846.85 -17.82 0.00 1191.79 0.00
Non seismic
TRAFFIC DIRECTION
8 1
7 2
6 3
5 4
Check for pile capacity
TRAFFIC DIRECTION
Total no. of pile = 8
Pile No. Trans. Long.

xi yi A xi2 yi2 -1.8 5.4 1.8 5.4
8 1
1 1.80 5.40 3.24 29.2
2 1.80 1.80 3.24 3.24
3 1.80 -1.80 3.24 3.2
4 1.80 -5.40 3.24 29.2
5 -1.80 -5.40 3.24 29.2 -1.8 7 1.8 1.8 2 1.8
6 -1.80 -1.80 3.24 3.2
7 -1.80 1.80 3.24 3.2 00
8 -1.80 5.40 3.24 29.2 6 3
-1.8 -1.8 1.8 -1.8
-1.8 5 -5.4 1.8 4 -5.4

3
ZT1 = 24 M
3
ZT2 = 72 M
ZL = 14.4 M3
Moment per unit load on pile at provided pile cap position = 3.2 KN-m/KN
Moment in
pile due to
V/N ML/ZL MT/ZT1 MT/ZT2 H/N
horizontal
force
1 955.797 176.31 36.90 12.300 227.708 728.665
2 955.797 176.31 36.90 12.300 227.708 728.665
3 855.856 -1.24 0.00 0.000 148.974 476.716
Vertical Loads on piles

Load Pile marks 1,5,6,10 Pile marks 2,4,7,9 Pile marks 3,8
Case Vmax Vmin Vmax Vmin Vmax Vmin
1 1169.007 742.587 1144.408 767.187 1132.108 779.486
2 1169.007 742.587 1144.408 767.187 1132.108 779.486
3 854.619 857.093 854.619 857.093 854.619 857.093
Now
Vmax = 1169.007 KN
Load Case = 1 (seismic)
Coresponding moment = 728.665 KN-M
Mmax = 728.665 KN-M
Load Case = 1
Coresponding min. vertical load = 1169.00708 KN
Maximum horizontal force = 227.708 KN
From geotechnical investigation report

For pile length 22 m from Bottom of PileCap & 21.085 m from maximum scour level
Vertical capacity = 2200 KN OK
Horizontal capacity = 400 KN OK
DESIGN OF PILE CAP BY BENDING ANALOGY (ULS)
SL NO. LOAD CASE Vu MLu MTu HLu HTu

12 MLmax 7866.915 4728.229 0.00 3056.554 0.000
6 Vmax 10653.375 3511.451 2647.22 2530.688 296.141
11 Vmin 7863.573 4694.242 0.00 3049.976 0.000
13 Unloaded 7848.30 4349.62 2616.62 2956.27 1122.39
No. of piles = 8
1.35 1.713 0.3875

D 0.2375
B 0.75
1 T1
8
3.6
7 2 T2
MT 6 3 12.3
5 4
B
D
2.1
5.1
0.2375
1.8
1.2
Load Case
V/N ML/ZL MT/ZT1 MT/ZT2
12 983.364 328.35 0.00 0.000
6 1331.672 243.85 110.30 36.767
11 982.947 325.99 0.00 0.000
13 981.037 302.06 109.03 36.342
Loads on piles(KN)
Moment
Load Case Pile 1 Pile 2 Pile 3 Pile 4 Pile 5 in each
piles
12 1311.714 1311.714 1311.714 1311.714 1311.714 1222.622
6 1612.290 1612.290 1575.523 1538.756 1538.756 1019.183
11 1308.936 1308.936 1308.936 1308.936 1308.936 1219.991
13 1319.437 1319.437 1283.095 1246.753 1246.753 1264.866
Considering case 6
Bending Moment at section B-B (in KN-m)
Sl. No. Force due to Force Moment arm Moment
1 Pile 1 1612.290 1.35 2176.591
2 Pile 2 1612.290 1.35 2176.591
3 Pile 3 1575.523 1.35 2126.956
4 Pile 4 1538.756 1.35 2077.320
5 Pile 5 1538.756 1.35 2077.320
6 Self Wt. of Return Wall -358.61 1.75 -627.568
7 Self Wt. of Backfill -1620.442 1.05 -1701.464
8 Self Wt. -1162.350 1.05 -1220.468
Total 7085.3
Design moment positive means tension at bottom of pile
Shear force at section D-D ("d" distance away from B-B) in KN

For Shear at D-
Sl. No. Force due to Total Force
D
1 Pile 1 1612.290 319.099
2 Pile 2 1612.290 319.099
3 Pile 3 1575.523 311.822
4 Pile 4 1538.756 304.545
5 Pile 5 1538.756 304.545
6 Self Wt. of Return Wall -358.610 -66.172
7 Self Wt. of Backfill -1620.442 -299.010
8 Self Wt. -1162.350 -214.481
Total 979.448
Design of pile cap in flexure
Section is checked for ULS

Width of section = 1 m
Design compressive strength of concrete =
fcd=afck/gm = 13.40 Mpa Where, a = 0.67
gm = 1.5
Design peak strength of steel = fy/gs = 434.783 Mpa Where, gs = 1.15
Concrete failure strain = Ôcu1 = 0.0035 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Concrete limiting strain = Ôc2 = 0.002 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Reinforcement provided: 25 mm dia.

150 mm c/c distance
2
Total reinforcement provided = 3761 mm
Clear cover = 75 mm
Stress in steel = 434.783 Mpa
So, Section is under reinforced, ok
Moment of resistance, Mu = (Stress in steel)x(area of steel)x(d-CG of compressive force) =
2697.578 kN-m OK
CHECK FOR SHEAR IN PILE CAP (Clause 10.3.2, IRC:112-2011, page-88)
Design Shear Force = 79.630 KN
The design shear resistance of the member without shear reinforcement, VRd.c =
=[0.12K(80r1.fck)0.33+0.15scp]bw.d
Where, K = 1+√(200/d)<=2.0
So, K = 1.342
r1 = Asl/bw.d
2
Where Asl = Area of steel provided = 3761 mm
bw = Width of section = 1000 mm
d= 1712.5 mm
r1 = 0.0022
scp = NEd/Ac < 0.2fcd, where, NEd = Axial compressive force = 0
Ac = Cross Sectional area of concrete
scp = 0
So,VRd.c = 477.22 KN
Now, VRd.c minimum = (nmin+0.15scp)bw.d
where nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 = 0.263892
So, VRd.c minimum = 451.915 KN
So, governing shear resistance = 477.22 KN OK, Safe in shear
CHECK FOR PUNCHING SHEAR FOR ABUTMENT SHAFT

(Clause 10.4, IRC:112-2011, page-98)
a
Basic Control
Perimeter u1
2d
b
Reduced
Control
Perimeter
Face of loaded
Abutment
area
Shaft
Punching shear is to be checked at distance "2d" from pier shaft face

Now from abutment shaft, Maximum Vertical design force, VEd = 4864.25 KN
Corresponding longitudinal design moment, MLu = 2627.36 KN-m
Longitudinal eccentricity, el = 0.540 m
Corresponding transeverse design moment, MTu = 2355.93 KN-m
Transeverse eccentricity, et = 0.484 m
As the basic control perimeter is exceeding the pile cap dimension, we will check the
punching shear at reduced control perimeter which is at inner face of piles
b
0.75
a= 12.3 m Distance of reduced control perimeter from pier face = 0.75 m

b= 2.4 m
Now,β = 1+1.8√((el/a)2+(et/b)2) (b = Factors accounting for effects of bending
= 1.372 moment and axial load acting on loaded area)
Now, reduced control perimeter, u = 27.6 m
So, total load for punching shear = Load from abutment shaft+ Wt. within reduced control perimeter
VEd = 6192.6484 KN
Shear stress, vEd = bVEd/ud = 0.180 Mpa
Punching shear check at face of abutment shaft
a= 8.45 m
b= 0.9 m
Now,β = 1+1.8√((el/a)2+(et/b)2) (b = Factors accounting for effects of bending
So, total load for punching shear = Load from pier shaft
VEd = 4864.25 KN
Calculation for punching shear resistance at reduced control perimeter
Maximum punching shear resistance, nRd.max = (1/2).n.fcd

where, n = 0.6[1-fck/310]
= 0.542 (Eq. 10.6, IRC:112-2011. page-90)
So, nRd.max = 3.631 Mpa
Again, Minimum punching shear resistance, nmin .2d/a=

where nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 = 0.264
a= distance from the face of column to control perimeter
= 0.75 m
Minimum punching shear resistance = 1.205 Mpa
Now punching shear resistance, nRd = 0.12K(80rlf ck )1/3.2d/a

where, rl = √(rll.rlt) = 0.162
So, nRd = 5.362 Mpa
So, governing nRd = 3.631 Mpa ok
Punching shear resistance at face
Punching shear resistance at face, nRd = 0.18/gcK(80rlf ck )1/3+(0.1scp)>=nmin+0.1scp

Here, scp = 0
So, nRd = 1.174
nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 = 0.264
So, governing shear resistance, nRd = 1.174 Mpa OK
a
Reduced
control
perimeter
Basic control
perimeter
Punching shear check for pile reaction
a
Reduced
control
perimeter
Basic control
perimeter
2d
Reduced control perimeter for corner piles = ∏.(dia. of pile+a)/4+2.(radius of pile+0.150m)

So, u = 3.031 m
Reduced control perimeter for middle piles =∏.(dia. of pile+a)/2+2.(radius of pile+0.150m)
So, u = 4.562 m
Now, net reaction force, VEd.red = VEd-∆VEd

Here, ∆VEd = wt. of pile cap portion within control perimeter = 38.354 KN
Vertical
Reduced Control
Pile No. Force Shear stress Status
perimeter at distance a
VEd.red
1 1273.360 3.031 0.2453 OK
2 1273.360 4.562 0.1630 OK
Vertical Reduced Control

Pile No. Shear stress Status
Force perimeter at pile face
1 1311.714 2.826 0.2710 OK
2 1311.714 3.768 0.2033 OK
So, reinforcement to be provided in pile cap

25 mm dia. Bar @ 150 mm c/c as main bar
LOAD COMBINATION FOR ABUTMENT PILE CAP BASE (Servicibility Limit State)
Loads V ML MT HL HT
Dead Load 6707.88 -3576.74 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 30.375 0 0 0 0
Surfacing 108.590625 0 0 0 0
Class A(3L/1S) LL1 735.27 0.00 156.25 0.00 0.00
70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 648.83 0.00 720.21 0.00 0.00
70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 766.73 0.00 885.57 0.00 0.00
Braking70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 22.96 987.47 0.00 191.11 0.00
Braking70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 32.80 1327.34 0.00 256.89 0.00
Earth Pressure 0 3558.93 0.00 1191.79 0.00
Seismic 70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 12.98 0.00 161.70 0.00 19.47
Seismic 70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 15.33 0.00 191.08 0.00 23.00
Wind load 119.25 0.00 879.24 0.00 197.43
NON-SEISMIC CASE
B WIND
Loads FOS Loads FOS
SIDL 1 SIDL 1
LL 0.75 LL 1
EP 1 EP 1
EP LL surcharge 1 EP LL surcharge 1
WL 1
V ML MT HL HT
N
O 1 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP LL 7401.58 1372.51 117.18 1595.93 0.00
N 2 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP LL 7338.06 1409.03 540.15 1603.00 0.00
S 4 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP DL+WL 7520.84 1372.51 996.43 1595.93 197.43
E 5 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP DL+WL 7457.32 1409.03 1419.40 1603.00 197.43
I
S
M 7 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP DL-WL 7282.33 1372.51 -762.06 1595.93 -197.43
I 8 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP DL-WL 7218.81 1409.03 -339.09 1603.00 -197.43
C 9 7646.38 7309.20 1477.00 -215.06 1616.15 -197.43
10 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+EP 6846.848 -17.8179 0 1191.79 0
SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE CHECK FOR ABUTMENT PILE CAP
SL NO. LOAD CASE V (KN) ML (KN-m) MT (KN-m) HL (KN) HT(KN)

1 MLmax 7401.584 1372.511 117.184 1595.929 0.000
6 Vmax 7547.708 1477.003 1543.423 1616.152 197.427
8 Vmin 7218.812 1409.030 -339.089 1602.997 -197.427
10 Unloaded Case 6846.85 -17.82 0.00 1191.79 0.00
No. of piles = 8
ML
1.35 1.7125 0.3875
0.75
10 1
3.6
9 2
12.3
MT
8 3
7 4
6 5
5.1
2.1
0.2375
1.8
1.2
Load Case
V/N ML/ZL MT/ZT1 MT/ZT2
1 925.198 95.31 4.88 1.628
6 943.464 102.57 64.31 21.436
8 902.352 97.85 -14.13 -4.710
10 855.856 -1.24 0.00 0.000
Vertical Loads on piles (KN)

Load Case Pile 1 Pile 2 Pile 3 Pile 4 Pile 5
1 1025.394 1022.139 1020.511 1018.884 1015.629
6 1110.342 1067.470 1046.033 1024.597 981.724
8 986.072 995.491 1000.201 1004.910 1014.330
10 854.619 854.619 854.619 854.619 854.619
Considering case 10
Moment
Sl. No. Force due to Force Moment
arm
1 Pile 1 854.619 1.35 1153.735
2 Pile 2 854.619 1.35 1153.735
3 Pile 3 854.619 1.35 1153.735
4 Pile 4 854.619 1.35 1153.735
5 Pile 5 854.619 1.35 1153.735
6 Self Wt. of Return Wall -358.610 1.750 -627.568
7 Self Wt. of Backfill -1620.442 1.050 -1701.464
8 Self Wt. -1162.350 1.05 -1220.468
Total 2219.176

Total For Shear
Sl. No. Force due to
Force at D-D
1 Pile 1 854.619 169.143
2 Pile 2 854.619 169.143
3 Pile 3 854.619 169.143
4 Pile 4 854.619 169.143
5 Pile 5 854.619 169.143
6 Self Wt. of Return Wall -358.610 -66.172
7 Self Wt. of Backfill -1620.442 -299.010
6 Self Wt. -1162.350 -214.481
Total 266.053
Stress level check:

(Clause 12.2.1(1), IRC:112-2011, page-120)
(Clause 12.2.2, IRC:112-2011, page-120)
2
Netral axis depth = x = 313.42
Now moment, M = (Stress in steel)x(area of steel)x(d-CG of compressive force) =

x
2=0
h
d
hc.eff
Crack width check:

Now,
(Eq. 12.6, IRC:112-2011, page-125)

e = Es/Ecm = 6.4516
2.5(h-d);(h-x/3);or h/2
x Where, A = level of steel centroid

2=0
h
d 1,2 = greater and lesser tensile strain
hc.eff
1
B

2
Ac.eff = 218750 mm

And, sm-cm = -0.0003
Minimum value of sm -cm = 8.949E-05
So, governing value of sm -cm = 8.949E-05

DESIGN OF PILES
Diameter of piles, D = 1200 mm

2
fck of concrete = 35 N/mm
2
fy of steel = 500 N/mm
Clear cover to the reinforcement = 75 mm
Loads Loads on piles

Moment
Load Case
in each
From Load Pile 1 Pile 2 Pile 3 Pile 4 Pile 5
piles (KN-
Comb
m)
12 1311.714 1311.714 1311.714 1311.714 1311.714 1222.622
6 1612.29 1612.29 1575.523 1538.756 1538.756 1019.183
11 1308.936 1308.936 1308.936 1308.936 1308.936 1219.991
13 1319.437 1319.437 1283.095 1246.753 1246.753 1264.866
d'
1st layer Diameter of bars provided = 25 mm

No. of bars provided = 24 Nos.
Percentage of steel, p = 1.042
So, p/fck = 0.0298
d'/D = 0.072917
Now for case 6, Pile 1
Pu/fck.D2 = 0.0320
From SP 16, chart 60, we get,

Mu1/fckD3 = 0.04
So, Mu1 = 2419.2 KN-m
Now, Mu/Mu1 = 0.421 SAFE
Now for case 12, Pile 3

Pu/fck.D2 = 0.0260

Mu1/fckD3 = 0.04
So, Mu1 = 2419.2 KN-m
Continue bars upto end of pile
Provide distribution reinforcement 12 mm dia.
@ 150 mm c/c
RETURN WALL DESIGN
Height of return wall = 5.123 m

Length of return wall = 3.50 m
Coefficient of horizontal active earth pressure = 0.279
Earth pressure at bottom of wall = 28.586 KN/m2
Eart pressure at 1m above wall bottom = 23.006 KN/m2
Average eatrh pressure in 1m strip = 25.796 KN/m
Surcharge earth pressure equivalent to earth pressure of 1.2 m height = 6.696 KN/m2
Bending moment at wall junction due to earth pressure, M1 = 158.003 KN-m
Bending moment at wall junction due to surcharge earth pressure, M 2 = 41.013 KN-m
Design moment at junction, Mu = 1.5M1+1.2M2 = 286.219 KN-m
Design shear force at junction, Fu = 1.5F1+1.2F2 = 163.554 KN
Design of return wall in flexure
3.5 m
0.5 m

fcd= fck/ m = 13.40 Mpa Where, = 0.67
m = 1.5
Design peak strength of steel = fy/ s = 434.783 Mpa Where, s = 1.15
Concrete failure strain = cu1 = 0.0035 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Concrete limiting strain = c2 = 0.002 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)

150 mm c/c distance
Clear cover = 50 mm
Effective depth7646.38
"d" = 437.5 mm
612.422 OK
CHECK FOR SHEAR IN RETURN WALL (Clause 10.3.2, IRC:112-2011, page-88)
The design shear resistance of the member without shear reinforcement, V Rd.c =
=[0.12K(80 1.fck)0.33+0.15 cp]bw.d
Where, K = 1+√(200/d)<=2.0
So, K = 1.676
1 = A /b
sl w .d
2
d= 437.5 mm
1= 0.0086
cp = NEd/Ac < 0.2fcd, where, NEd = Axial compressive force = 0
cp = 0
Now, VRd.c minimum = ( min+0.15 cp)bw.d
where min = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 = 0.368

Serviceability Limit State check
For serviceability limit state, design momeny = M1+0.8M2 = 190.813 KN-m

(Clause 12.2.1(1), IRC:112-2011, page-120)
(Clause 12.2.2, IRC:112-2011, page-120)

Crack width check:

Now,
(Eq. 12.6, IRC:112-2011, page-125)

e = Es/Ecm = 6.25
2.5(h-d);(h-x/3);or h/2

2=0
d h 1,2 = greater and lesser tensile strain
hc.eff
1 B

2
Ac.eff = 156250 mm

And, sm-cm = 0.000316
Minimum value of sm -cm = 0.000391
So, governing value of sm -cm = 0.000391

Design of dirt wall

Design moment (Non-Seismic) = 48.464 KN-m (for 1m width)
Design moment (Seismic) = 32.548 KN-m (for 1m width)
gm = 1.5

120 mm c/c distance
2
Clear cover = 50 mm
Effective depth "d" = 340 mm
336.931 kN-m OK
CHECK FOR SHEAR IN RETURN WALL (Clause 10.3.2, IRC:112-2011, page-88)
Design Shear Force (Non-Seismic) = 45.534 KN (For 1m strip)

Design Shear Force (Seismic) = 31.634 KN (For 1m strip)
=[0.12K(80r1.fck)0.33+0.15scp]bw.d
Where, K = 1+√(200/d)<=2.0
So, K = 1.767
r1 = Asl/bw.d
2
7646.38 2617 mm
d= 340 mm
r1 = 0.0077
scp = 0

where nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 = 0.399
Serviceability Limit State check
For serviceability limit state, design moment = 48.464 KN-m

(Clause 12.2.1(1), IRC:112-2011, page-120)
(Clause 12.2.2, IRC:112-2011, page-120)
2
Effective depth "d" = 340 mm

Crack width check:
Crack width, Wk = Sr.max(Ôsm-Ôcm) Where, Sr.max = Maximum crack spacing

Ôsm = mean strain in the reinforcement under the relavant combination of loads
Ôcm = mean strain in the concrete between cracks.
Now,
2=0 x
h
d
hc.eff
1 B
(Eq. 12.6, IRC:112-2011, page-125)
Where, ssc = stress in the tension reinforcement = 60.84 Mpa
ae = Es/Ecm = 6.25
rr.eff = As/Ac.eff Where, Ac.eff = Effective area of concrete in tension, surrounding
2.5(h-d);(h-x/3);or h/2

2=0
h Ô1,Ô2 = greater and lesser tensile strain
d
hc.eff
1 B
So, hc.eff = 150 mm

2
Ac.eff = 150000 mm
Now. ρρ.eff = As/Ac.eff = 0.017444
close (i.e <=5(c+φ/2)), the maximum crack spacing,
Where, f = diameter of bar = 20 mm c = clear cover = 50 mm

And, Ôsm-Ôcm = -0.00014
Minimum value of Ôsm - Ôcm = 0.000183
So, governing value of Ôsm - Ôcm = 0.000183
So, crack width, Wk = Sr.max(Ôsm-Ôcm) = 0.067 mm

Summarized Reinforcement Detailing
(According to chapter 16, IRC:112-2011, page-171)
ABUTMENT SHAFT
2
Total vertical reinforcement provided = 9058 mm
2
Concrete area, Ac = 900592 mm
2
Now, 0.0024Ac = 2161.4201 mm < steel provided, OK
2
and 0.04Ac = 36023.669 mm >steel provided, OK
Horizontal Reinforcement provide 20 mm dia. @

125 mm c/c.
2
Total horizontal reinforcement provided = 2512 mm
2
Now 25% of vertical steel = 2264 mm < steel provided, OK
2
and 0.001Ac = 901 mm OK < steel provided, OK
Transverse reinforcement provided =

2
Now, 0.02Ac = 18011.834 mm
> steel provided,No transeverse reinforcement required
Vertical reinforcement provided =

25 mm dia @ 120 mm c/c.
Horizontal reinforcement provided =
20 mm dia @ 125 mm c/c.
PILE CAP
Main reinforcement provided 25 mm dia. 150 mm c/c
2
Steel in 1m strip = 3270.83333 mm
2
As.min =( 0.26fctm/fyk)btd= 2493.4 mm OK
2
or, 0.0013btd = 2226.25 mm OK
Distribution reinforcement provided at bottom and both direction at top
20 mm dia. 150 mm c/c
OK
Provide surface reinforcement 25 mm dia. 6 Nos. each face
RETURN WALL
Distributor reinforcement 12 mm dia. 125 mm c/c
OK
DIRT WALL
Provide main reinforcement 20 mm dia. 120 mm c/c
Distributor reinforcement 12 mm dia. 150 mm c/c
OK
PILE
Main reinforcement provided 25 mm dia. 24 Nos. in layer
Distribution reinforcement provided

DESIGN OF PIER
ANALYSIS OF PIER
FRL=101.837m
Hydraulic Particulars & Height of Abutment/Pier wall
At the proposed Bridge Site, the following data are available;
a) High Flood Level, HFL = 98.487 m
b) Lowest Bed Level, LBL = 92.573 m H.F.L.= 98.487m
At Pier Locations Pier
Max. Scour Level = 92.015 m Pile Cap
Levels at abutments and pier locations
E.G.L. at Pier P1 = 94.873 m
Calculation of height of frame at Pier locations
The lowest E.G.L. at Pier = 94.873 m Pile
Placing bottom of pile cap at = 92.097 m
Top of pile cap level = 93.897 m
Top of Pier cap level = 99.530 m
Top of bearing level = 99.897 m
Hence, 99.897 - 93.897 = 6.000 m
Height of frame at Pier locations = 6.000 m
Height of Pier with cap = 5.704 m
Height of Pile-cap = 1.800 m
LOAD CALCULATIONS
PERMANENT ACTIONS
Self Weight/Dead Load
Wt. of deck with girder = 1116 kN Weight of pier cap = = 1062.00 kN
Dead Load from super-structure = 1116 kN Weight of pier (Circular part) = = 431.97 kN
Weight of pier (Straight part) = = 972.30 kN
Total weight of pier = 1404.27 kN
Total weight of pile cap = = 1996.65 kN
VARIABLE GRAVITY LOAD TREATED AS PERMANENT LOAD

Super Imposed Dead Load (SIDL) (except surfacing)
Super Imposed Dead Load acting on pier =
Live load on Footpath = 0.00 kN
Wt. of Kerb = 0.00 kN
Wt. of Railing = 60.87 kN
Wt. of crash barrier = 0.00 kN
TOTAL SIDL LOAD = 60.87 kN
Surfacing and Wearing Coat

Surfacing or loading due to cement concrete wearing coat on footpath = 0.00 kN
Surfacing or loading due to bituminous concrete wearing coat on carriageway = 217.18 kN
So, Total load of surfacing = 217.18 kN
VARIABLE ACTIONS
Vehicular Live Load
Carriageway Live load

(I) 2 lanes of Class-A
(II) 2 lane of 70R Tracked
(III) 2 lane of 70R Wheel
1 Type of Loading = Class A train of vehicle.
A) One Span Loaded
Span, Le = 19 m Case - 1: One Lane / one span loaded.
Lc = 0.75 m Minimum Clearence = 150 mm
Expansion gap = 0.04 m Width of ground contact (In transverse direction) = 500 mm
Impact Factor = 1.182 Width of Footpath with crush barrier & kerb = 475 mm
Width of carriageway = 7.50 m
114 114 68 68 68 68
1.2 4.3 3 3 3 5.00
0.75 19 0.75
Rb Ra
0.875 1.8
eT 4.225
Maximum Reaction = Rb = 434.5 kN

And longitudinal eccentricity, wrt abutment, eL = 0.77 m
Case - 2: Two Lane / One span loaded.

Minimum clearence = 1200 mm between two outer edges of vehicle.
CG of Load
0.47
0.475 0.4 1.7 -0.15
1.8 1.95
4.225 4.225
684
Maximum Reaction = 869.1 kN
B) Both Span Loaded

Case - 3: One Lane / both span loaded.
9.09 CG of load
27 114 114 68 68 68 68
10.5 27 3.2 1.2 2.76 3 3 3 9.8
1.1
0.75 19 0.77 0.77 19 0.75

Ra Rc
554
3.59 0.71
CG calculation of load:
Taking moment with respect to the left most load, CG of load = 9.09 m
With above consideration, x = 3.59 m
Similarly, we have y = 0.71 m
In order to get the maximum pier reaction, we have place the loads in such a manner so that
the CG of the load passes through the centre line of the pier.
9.09 CG of load
27 114 114 68 68 68 68
10.43 27 3.2 1.2 2.82 -0.1 3 3 9.8
1.1 3
0.75 19 0.77 0.77 19 0.75

Rb Ra Rc
554
Maximum reaction, RA = 257.7 kN
Similarly, max. reaction, RC = 245.4 kN
R = Total Pier reaction = RA+RC = 503.1 kN
And longitudinal eccentricity, wrt pier, eL = 0.02 m
Case - 4: Three Lane / both span loaded.

And transverse eccentricity, eT = 0.47 m
And longitudinal eccentricity, eL = 0.02 m
2 Type of Loading = IRC class 70R Tracked

A) One Span Loaded
700/4.57 = 153.17 kN/m
4.57
0.75 19 0.75
Rb Ra
70R Tracked Loading 1.11
350 350
0.475 1.2 1.2

0.84 0.84
4.225 4.225
700
Maximum Reaction for 70R Tracked = Rb = 713.7 kN

B) Both Span Loaded

In order to get the maximum pier reaction, we have place the loads in such a manner so that the CG
of the load passes through the centre line of the pier.
153.17 kN/m
4.57 3.03 1.52 2.29
0.75 18.75 0.77 0.77 18.75 0.75

Rb Ra Rc
Since, the loading is symmetrical

Maximum reaction, RA = 377.35 kN
For Single Lane Class A both span loading Max. Reaction = RA + RC = 503.1 kN
Hence,Total Reaction R = 1257.8 kN

3 Type of Loading = IRC 70 R Wheel
A) One Span Loaded
Case - 1: 70 R Wheel + Class A
170 170 170 170 120 120 80

1.37 3.05 1.37 2.13 1.52 3.96 6.10
0.75 19 0.75
Rb Ra
Maximum reaction = Rb = 906.28 kN
max longitudinal eccentricity = eL = 0.8 m
70R Wheeled Loading
170 170
0.475 1.2 0.86 0.86

1.07
4.225 4.225
340
max transverse eccentricity = eT = 1.16 m
Case - 2: 70 R Wheel
8.28
80 120 120 170 170 170 170
3.96 1.52 2.13 1.37 3.05 1.37
0.77 0.77
Rb 19 Ra Rc 19
1000
CG calculation of load:
Taking moment with respect to the left most load, CG of load = 8.28 m
With above consideration, x = 0.67 m
Similarly, we have y = 0.70 m
8.28
80 120 120 170 170 170 170
11.24 3.96 1.52 2.13 1.37 3.05 1.37 14.40
0.77 0.77
19 Rc 19
Rb Ra
1000
Maximum reaction, RA 500.28 kN
R = Total Pier reaction due to Class A = RA+RC = 503.09 kN
Hence,Total Reaction R = 1528.27 kN
CWLL Load on Pier
Load due Load due Reaction eL eL eT ML MT

to main to (KN) (m) (m) (m) (KN-m) (KN-m)
sl. No. Live Load Case
wheel additional
wheel
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(col 4 x col (col 4 x col 8) + (col 5 x
For Class-A Class A 70R Class A 70R 6) + (col 5 x col 8)
col 7)
1 One lane / one span loaded 500 0 434.55 0.77 2.450 334.60 1064.64
2 Two lane / one span loaded 1000 0 869.09 0.77 0.467 669.20 405.58
3 One lane / Both span loaded 554 0 503.09 0.02 2.450 9.48 1232.57
4 Two lane / Both span loaded 1108 0 1509.27 0.02 0.467 28.43 704.32
Longitudinal forces
1 Calculation of Braking Forces
Caused by braking of vehicles ……. (Ref. cl. 211 of IRC 6-2014, page-37)
Case - I Case - II Case - III Case - IV Case - V Case - VI
Braking force line of action
70R
Class A - 70R
Class A - Two 70R Tr. Wh.
Two lane / Tr.Both 70R Wh. Both
1.2m Lane both one span one
one span span span loaded
span loaded loaded span
loaded loaded
loaded
a Total Load kN = 500 554 700 700 1000 1000

b Braking force Fh kN = 125 139 165 168 225 228
c Each side 2Fh kN = 250.0 277.0 330.0 335.4 450.0 455.4
d ThickNess of wearing coat m = 0.065 0.065 0.065 0.065 0.065 0.065
e Ht. of Braking force act above bearing m = 3.14 3.14 3.14 3.14 3.14 3.14
f Moment at bearing level kN-m = 785.00 869.78 1036.20 1053.16 1413.00 1429.96
g Reaction as push/pull (+/-) kN = 41.87 46.39 55.26 56.17 75.36 76.26
h For moment at pier base, lever arm m = 6.000 6.000 6.000 6.000 6.000 6.000
i Longitudinal moment at pier base kN-m = 1500.00 1662.00 1980.00 2012.40 2700.00 2732.40
HYDRAULIC ACTIONS
Water current forces:
As the pier portion bellow Highest Flood Level shall be submerged in running water, pressure on
pier by water is calculated here.
On piers, perallel to the direction of water current , the intensity of pressure is calculated
by equation, P =52KV2 ……..( Clause 210.2, IRC:6-2014, page-34)
Where, V = velocity of the current at the point where the pressure
intensity is in meter per second.
K = A constant depending on shape of pier
Circular piers or piers with semicircular ends, K = 0.66 ……(Clause 210.2, IRC:6-2014, page-34)
Mean velocity of current, Vm = 2.025 m/s
Now, if maximum velocity = V
V2 = 2Vm2 = 8.201 m/s ……..(Clause 210.3, IRC:6-2014, page-36)
Water current pressure at HFL level = 281.458 Kg/m2

= 2.81 kN/m2
Water current pressure at MSL level = 0
Calculation of water current force in transeverse direction
2.81 kN/m2 HFL =98.487 m
0.82 kN/m2
Top of pile cap = 93.897m
0.04 kN/m2
Bottom of pile cap = 92.097m
Maximum Scour Level = 92.015m

Water current pressure diagram
Area of projection plane of pier shaft in transeverse direction = 11.475 sqm

Total force acting in transeverse direction = 20.853 kN
Distance of the line of force above top of pile cap = 2.295 m
Moment in transeverse direction at Pier bottom location = 47.859 kN-m
Calculation of water current force in longitudinal direction

For longitudinal direction, K = 1.5
Considering 20˚ variation of water current direction, pressure in longitudinal direction = 1.413 kN/m2
Area of projection plane of pier in longitudinal direction = 19.278 m2
Total force acting in longitudinal direction = 27.23 kN
Distance of the line of force above top of pile cap = 2.295 m
Moment in longitudinal direction at Pier bottom location = 62.498 kN-m
Buoyancy at HFL condition
HFL =98.487 m
4.59 m
1.8 m
Water pressure in horizontal direction on structure will nullify each other

Water pressure at top of pile cap level = 45.9 kN/m2
Water pressure at bottom of pile cap level = 63.9 kN/m2
Excess pressure on bottom of cap = 18 kN/m2
So, total force on bottom of pile cap due to cap only, in upward direction = Net pressure x plan area
798.66 kN
Load on shaft only = 707.1 kN
Total load on bottom of pile cap = 1505.8 kN
Calculation of WIND LOAD
a Wind Force on superstructure:
i. Transverse wind force (FT) :
Solid area (A1) = Exposed area in Transverse direction = 52.03125 m2
FT = Area x Pz x G x CD = 239 kN
ii. Longitudinal wind force (FL) :
FL = 25% of transverse wind force = 59.69 kN
iii. Vertical wind load (FV) :
Plan area (A3) = 158.4375 m2
Lift Coefficient (CL) = 0.75
FV = Area x pz x G x CL = 280 kN
b Wind force on live load:
as per clause 209.3.7 of IRC: 6, 2010, bridge shall not be considered to carry any live load if the basic wind velocity exceeds 36m/sec
c Wind force on Substructure:

Pier Cap Velocity Of Wind
i. Transverse wind force: Position Direction vert. comp.Hortz. Comp.
Exposed area = 5.80 m2 kN kN
Super
Transverse wind force = 10.9 kN structure Transverse 279.61 238.75
ii. Longitudinal Wind Force: Longitudinal 59.69
Exposed area = 14.2 m2
Transverse wind force = 26.7 kN Live load Transverse 0.00 0.00
Pier Shaft Longitudinal 0.00
i. Transverse wind force:
Sub structure 0.00
Exposed area = 6.4 m2 (pile cap) Transverse 10.92
Transverse wind force = 12.0 kN Longitudinal 26.66
ii. Longitudinal Wind Force:
Exposed area = 10.7 m2 Sub structure Transverse 0.00
11.97
Transverse wind force = 20.1 kN (pile shaft) Longitudinal 20.11
For Rocker-Roller Bearing
μ = Coefficient of friction at the movable bearing = 0.03 (From IRC:6-2014 page 38)
i) 2{Fh - μ(Rg+Rq)} 164.365

Case-I 210.635 KN 1263.810 KN-m
ii) 2{Fh/2 + μ(Rg+Rq)} 210.64
i) 2{Fh - μ(Rg+Rq)} 152.955

Case - II 262.545 KN 1575.272 KN-m
ii) 2{Fh/2 + μ(Rg+Rq)} 262.545
i) 2{Fh - μ(Rg+Rq)} 253.688

Case - III 253.688 KN 1522.126 KN-m
ii) 2{Fh/2 + μ(Rg+Rq)} 241.312
i) 2{Fh - μ(Rg+Rq)} 226.443

Case - IV 276.657 KN 1659.941 KN-m
ii) 2{Fh/2 + μ(Rg+Rq)} 276.657
i) 2{Fh - μ(Rg+Rq)} 362.134

Case - V 362.134 KN 2172.805 KN-m
ii) 2{Fh/2 + μ(Rg+Rq)} 312.866
i) 2{Fh - μ(Rg+Rq)} 330.215

Case - VI 352.885 KN 2117.312 KN-m
ii) 2{Fh/2 + μ(Rg+Rq)} 352.885
ACCIDENTAL ACTIONS
Seismic Hazards
Seismic Zone of bridge location = IV
Zone factor, Z = 0.24 (Table 6, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
Seismic importance factor of the structure I = 1.20 (Table 8, IRC:6-2014, page-56)
Average response acceleration co-efficient (Sa/g) = 2.50 (Clause 219.5.1, IRC:6-2014, page-55)
Horizontal seismic co-efficient Ah (Z/2)X (I)X(Sa/g)/R = 0.30 /R Where R is response reduction factor to be considered
Is ductile detailing to be done ? Yes
Value of R for sub-structure = 3
Hence horizontal seismic co-efficient (Ah) for sub-structure = 0.10
Horizontal seismic force, Feq = Ah.(Dead Load+Appropriate Live Load)
Seismic force due to dead load

(Inertia loads due to self-mass generated in bridge structure by ground acceleration)
A. Seismic on Superstructure:
Dead Load from super-structure and SIDL without surfacing = = 1177.18 KN
C.G. of Deck from girder bottom = 1.203 m
Seismic force in longitudinal direction Fh= Ah x (Total Dead Load)= 117.72 KN
Lever arm for moment at pier base = 6.000 m
Longitudinal moment at pier base = 706.31 KN-m ……..Mz

Transeverse moment at pier base = 706.309 KN-m ……Mx
Vertical component of seismic force = 78.479 KN ………r3 (Clause 219.3, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
Design force in longitudinal direction = r1 + 0.3r2 + 0.3r3 = 176.577 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = 0.3r1 + r2 + 0.3r3 = 176.577 KN
Design force in vertical direction = 0.3r1 + 0.3r2 + r3 = 149.110 KN
Design longitudinal moment at Pier-base = Mz + 0.3Mx = 918.201 KN-m
Design transeverse moment at Pier-base = 0.3Mz + Mx = 918.201 KN-m
Design longitudinal moment at pile cap-base = Mz + 0.3Mx = 1193.661 KN-m

Design transeverse moment at pile cap-base = 0.3Mz + Mx = 1193.661 KN-m
B. Seismic on Sufacing:
Surfacing or load due to wearing coat = 217.181 KN
C.G. of wearing coat from girder bottom = 1.908 m
Seismic force in longitudinal direction Fh= Ah x (Total Dead Load) = 21.718 KN
Longitudinal moment at pier base = 130.309 KN-m ……..Mz
Transeverse moment at pier base = 130.309 KN-m ……Mx
Design longitudinal moment at pile cap base = Mz + 0.3Mx = 220.222 KN-m

Design transeverse moment at pile cap base = 0.3Mz + Mx = 220.222 KN-m
C. Seismic on Pier Cap:

CG of the pier cap from top of pile cap = 4.649 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x W_cap = 106.200 KN ……….r1
Longitudinal moment = 493.724 KN-m ……..Mz
Transverse seismic = A_h x W_cap = 106.200 KN ……….r2
D. Seismic on Pier :
CG of the pier from top of pile cap = 1.852 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x W_Pier = 140.430 KN ……….r1
Transverse seismic = A_h x W_Pier = 140.430 KN ……….r2
E. Seismic on Pile Cap :
CG of the pile cap from bottom of pile cap = 0.900 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x W_Pile cap = 199.670 KN ……….r1
Transverse seismic = A_h x W_Pile cap = 199.670 KN ……….r2
F. Seismic on carriageway live load …….(Clause 219.5.2, IRC:6-2014, page-55)

(Inertia loads due to mass of vehicular live load)
20% Reaction Ah Transverse Acting RL at Lever arm Transverse vertical

(KN) seismic (+1.20) at Pier base moment at force
Live Load Case
force pier vase compon
sl. No. ent
For Class-A Class A 70R
1 One lane / one span loaded 73.53 0.100 7.35 103.04 9.14 67.20 44.80
2 Three lane / one span loaded 147.05 0.100 14.71 103.04 9.14 134.41 89.61
3 One lane / Both span loaded 85.12 0.100 8.51 103.04 9.14 77.80 51.87
4 Three lane / Both span loaded 255.37 0.100 25.54 103.04 9.14 233.41 155.61
5 Three lane / one span loaded 0.00 129.77 0.10 12.98 103.04 9.14 118.61 79.07
6 Three lane / Both span loaded 85.12 137.22 0.10 22.23 103.04 9.14 203.22 135.48
7 Three lane / one span loaded 0.00 153.35 0.10 15.33 103.04 9.14 140.16 93.44
8 Three lane / Both span loaded 85.12 173.46 0.10 25.86 103.04 9.14 236.35 157.57
G. Effects of liquefaction of soils

Incorporating the reccomendtations on effect of liquefaction of soil (if any), strength of piles are determined and considered during design of piles.
All the actions at pier base analised above are summarised bellow, loads are in KN
Sl.NOLOAD DESCRIPITION V HL HT LA ML MT
A PERMANENT LOADS
i Dead Load from super-structure 1116.31
ii Self weight of Pier Cap 1062.00
iii Self weight of pier 1404.27
VARIABLE GRAVITY TREATED AS PERMANENT
i SIDL except surfacing 60.87
ii Surfacing 217.18
B VARIABLE LOAD
Carriageway Live Load
a For Class-A
i One lane / one span loaded 434.55 334.60 1064.64
ii Two lane / one span loaded 869.09 669.20 405.58
iii One lane / Both span loaded 503.09 9.48 1232.57
iv Two lane / Both span loaded 1509.27 28.43 704.32
b For IRC class 70R Tracked
i Two lane / one span loaded 713.72 549.56 792.23
ii Two lane / Both span loaded 754.70 0.00 837.72
c For IRC class 70R Wheeled
Braking Force
a For Class-A
i One lane / one span loaded 41.87 200.00 6.000 1200.00
ii Three lane / one span loaded 46.39 250.00 6.000 1500.00
iii One lane / Both span loaded 41.87 221.60 6.000 1329.60
iv Three lane / Both span loaded 46.39 277.00 6.000 1662.00
b For IRC class 70R Tracked+Class A
i Two lane / one span loaded 55.26 330.00 6.000 1980.00
ii Three lane / Both span loaded 56.17 335.40 6.000 2012.40
c For IRC class 70R Wheeled+Class A
i Two lane / one span loaded 75.36 450.00 6.000 2700.00
ii Three lane / Both span loaded 76.26 455.40 6.000 2732.40
THERMAL LOAD
i Temperature variation effect 0.00 0.000 0.00
WIND LOAD
Wind load from super-structure 279.61 59.69 238.75 6.79 405.06 1620.25
Wind load from sub-structure 0.00 22.89 46.77 2.82 64.47 131.73
SEISMIC EFFECTS
on superstructure except surfacing 149.11 176.58 176.58 918.20 918.20
on pier cap 134.52 159.30 159.30 641.84 641.84
on pier 177.88 210.65 210.65 338.10 338.10
On surfacing/ wearing coat 27.51 32.58 32.58 169.40 169.40
Vertical push-pull 4.88
for Live load
For Class-A
One lane / one span loaded 44.80 7.35 9.14 67.20
Three lane / one span loaded 89.61 14.71 9.14 134.41
One lane / Both span loaded 51.87 8.51 9.14 77.80
Three lane / Both span loaded 155.61 25.54 9.14 233.41
HYDRAULIC LOAD
Water current force on shaft 27.23 20.85 62.50 47.86
Buoyant force on shaft 707.15
Load combination at bottom of pile cap level
Sl.NOLOAD DESCRIPITION V HL HT LA ML MT
A PERMANENT LOADS
i Dead Load from super-structure 1116.31
ii Self weight of Pier Cap 1062.00
iii Self weight of pier 1404.27
iv Self weight of pile cap 1996.65
VARIABLE GRAVITY TREATED AS PERMANENT
i SIDL except surfacing 60.87
ii Surfacing 217.18
B VARIABLE LOAD
Carriageway Live Load
a Class-A
One lane / one span loaded 367.64 283.08 900.71
ii Two lane / one span loaded 735.27 566.16 343.13
One lane / Both span loaded 425.62 8.02 1042.78
iv Two lane / Both span loaded 1276.87 24.05 595.87
b For IRC class 70R Tracked
Two lane / one span loaded 766.73 590.38 885.57
Two lane / Both span loaded 867.32 16.03 1001.76
Braking Force
Class-A
Two lane / one span loaded 46.39 250.00 7.80 1950.00
Two lane / Both span loaded 46.39 277.00 7.80 2160.60
Two lane / one span loaded 55.26 330.00 7.80 2574.00
i Two lane / Both span loaded 56.17 335.40 7.80 2616.12
iv For IRC class 70R Wheeled
v Two lane / one span loaded 75.36 450.00 7.80 3510.00
vi Two lane / Both span loaded 76.26 455.40 7.80 3552.12
THERMAL LOAD
i Temperature variation effect 0.00 1.80 0.00
WIND LOAD
Wind load from super-structure 279.61 238.75 8.59 2049.99
Wind load from sub-structure 46.77 4.62 215.91
SEISMIC EFFECTS
on superstructure except surfacing 186.39 220.72 220.72 1492.08 1492.08
on pier cap 168.15 199.13 199.13 1112.94 1112.94
on pier 222.35 263.31 263.31 833.38 833.38
On surfacing/ wearing coat 34.39 40.72 40.72 275.28 275.28
on pile cap 316.14 374.38 374.38 292.02 292.02
Vertical Push-Pull 6.10
for Live load
For Class-A
HYDRAULIC LOAD
Water current force on shaft 27.23 20.85 4.10 111.52 85.39
Water current force on pile cap 0.75 3.95 0.90 0.67 3.55
Buoyant force on pile cap -798.66
LOAD COMBINATION FOR PIER SHAFT BASE (For Ultimate Limit State)
Loads V ML MT HL HT
Dead Load 3582.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 60.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Surfacing 217.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A(3L/1S) LL1 869.09 669.20 405.58 0.00 0.00
Class A(3L/BS) LL2 1509.27 28.43 704.32 0.00 0.00
70R Tr.+ Class A(3L/1S) LL3 713.72 549.56 792.23 0.00 0.00
70R Tr.+ Class A(3L/BS) LL4 754.70 0.00 837.72 0.00 0.00
70R Wh.+ Class A(3L/1S) LL5 906.28 697.83 1046.75 0.00 0.00
70R Wh.+ Class A(3L/BS) LL6 1025.18 18.95 1184.08 0.00 0.00
BrakingClass A(3L/BS) LL2 46.39 1662.00 0.00 277.00 0.00
Braking70R Tr.+ Class A(3L/1S) LL3 55.26 1980.00 0.00 330.00 0.00
Braking70R Tr.+ Class A(3L/BS) LL4 56.17 2012.40 0.00 335.40 0.00
Braking70R Wh.+ Class A(3L/1S) LL5 75.36 2700.00 0.00 450.00 0.00
Braking70R Wh.+ Class A(3L/BS) LL6 76.26 2732.40 0.00 455.40 0.00
Seismic Class A(3L/BS) LL2 155.61 0.00 233.41 0.00 25.54
Seismic 70R Tr.+ Class A(3L/1S) LL3 79.07 0.00 118.61 0.00 12.98
Seismic 70R Tr.+ Class A(3L/BS) LL4 135.48 0.00 203.22 0.00 22.23
Seismic 70R Wh.+ Class A(3L/1S) LL5 93.44 0.00 140.16 0.00 15.33
Seismic 70R Wh.+ Class A(3L/BS) LL6 157.57 0.00 236.35 0.00 25.86
Wind load 279.61 469.53 1751.97 82.58 285.51
Water Current force 707.15 62.50 47.86 27.23 20.85
NON-SEISMIC CASE
A HFL / DRY CONDITION B HFL / DRY CONDITION WIND C ONE SPAN DISLODGED CASE
DL+SIDL+Surfacing+/-WL+WCF DL+SIDL+Surfacing+WCF
DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+WCF
Loads FOS Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1.35 Dead Load 1.35 Dead Load 1.35
SIDL 1.35 SIDL 1.35 SIDL 1.35
Surfacing 1.75 Surfacing 1.75 Surfacing 1.75
LL 1.50 Wind load 1.50 Water Current force 1
Braking LL 1.15 Water Current force 1.15
Water Current force 1.00
SEISMIC CASE
A HFL / DRY CONDITION B ONE SPAN DISLODGED CASE

DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+Sis. DL+SIDL+Surfacing+WCF (Non-
LL+WCF+DL SEISMIC seismic/Seismic)
Loads FOS Loads FOS
SIDL 1 SIDL 1
LL 0 Water Current force 1
Braking LL 0.2 DL Seismic 1
Seismic LL 1
DL Seismic 1
WCF 1
Vu MLu MTu HLu Htu
1 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Braking LL1+WCF 7362.86 2791.30 656.22 314.73 20.85
HFL Condition
Non Seismic
7 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+WL+WCF (Wind Leading) 6531.36 776.17 2682.99 155.18 452.25
8 DL+SIDL+Surfacing-WL+WCF (Wind Leading) 5692.53 776.17 2682.99 155.18 452.25
9 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Braking LL1 6655.71 2728.80 608.37 287.50 0.00
DRY Condition
Non Seismic

15 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+WL(Wind Leading) 6531.36 776.17 2682.99 155.18 452.25
16 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+ (-)WL (Wind Leading) 5692.53 776.17 2682.99 155.18 452.25
17 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+Sis. LL1+WCF+DL SEISMIC 5160.56 2430.04 2249.81 656.33 614.66
HFL Condition

Seismic

23 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+Sis. LL1+DL SEISMIC 4453.41 2367.54 2201.95 629.10 593.80
DRY Condition

Seismic

One Span No
DL+SIDL+Surfacing+DL SEISMIC 4354.53 2067.54 2067.54 579.10 579.10

dislodged LL
29
DL+SIDL+Surfacing+WCF (Non-seismic)
30 4567.78 62.50 47.86 27.23 20.85
DL+SIDL+Surfacing+DL Seismic+WCF (Seismic)
31 5061.68 2130.04 2115.40 606.33 599.95
LOAD COMBINATION FOR PIER SHAFT BASE (For Serviceability Limit State)
Loads V ML MT HL HT
Dead Load 3582.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 60.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Surfacing 217.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A(3L/1S) LL1 869.09 669.20 405.58 0.00 0.00
Class A(3L/BS) LL2 1509.27 28.43 704.32 0.00 0.00
70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 713.72 549.56 792.23 0.00 0.00
70R Tr.(3L/BS) LL4 754.70 0.00 837.72 0.00 0.00
70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 906.28 697.83 1046.75 0.00 0.00
70R Wh.(3L/BS) LL6 1025.18 18.95 1184.08 0.00 0.00
BrakingClass A(3L/BS) LL2 46.39 1662.00 0.00 277.00 0.00
Braking70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 55.26 1980.00 0.00 330.00 0.00
Braking70R Tr.(3L/BS) LL4 56.17 2012.40 0.00 335.40 0.00
Braking70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 75.36 2700.00 0.00 450.00 0.00
Braking70R Wh.(3L/BS) LL6 76.26 2732.40 0.00 455.40 0.00
Seismic 70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 79.07 0.00 118.61 0.00 12.98
Seismic 70R Tr.(3L/BS) LL4 135.48 0.00 203.22 0.00 22.23
Seismic 70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 93.44 0.00 140.16 0.00 15.33
Seismic 70R Wh.(3L/BS) LL6 157.57 0.00 236.35 0.00 25.86
Wind load 279.61 469.53 1751.97 82.58 285.51
NON-SEISMIC CASE
HFL / DRY CONDITION HFL / DRY CONDITION ONE SPAN DISLODGED
A B C CASE
DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. DL+SIDL+Surfacing+/-
DL+SIDL+Surfacing+WCF
LL+WCF WL+WCF
LL 1.00 Wind load 1.00 Water Current force 1.00
Vu MLu MTu HLu Htu

HFL Condition
Non Seismic

DRY Condition
Non Seismic

17 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1 4764.52 1794.20 405.58 187.50 0.00
DRY Condition

4567.78 62.50 47.86 27.23 20.85
dislod
23
Span
One
ged
C. PIER SHAFT DESIGN
Total Load on Pier (Ultimate Loads) (Loads in KN, moments in KN-m)
Resultant
Vu MLu MTu
Load Case Moment
5 Maximum longitudinal Moment case 7451.95 4214.25 1617.98 4514.1708
2 Maximum vertical load case 8323.12 2016.44 1104.34 2299.042
29 Minimum vertical load case 4354.53 2067.54 2067.54 2923.9469
30 1 Span dislodged case 5061.68 2130.04 2115.40 3001.9988
Section Check at Pier Base

Diameter of Pier Shaft, D = 2.50 m = 2500 mm
2
2
d= 2.3715 m
Diameter of bars provided = 25 mm
Spacing = 150
Percentage of stee, p = 0.500
So, p/fck = 0.017
d'/D = 0.025
Pu/fck.D2 = 0.044

Mu1/fckD3 = 0.05
So, Mu1 = 23437.5 KN-m
Provide distribution reinforcement 16 mm dia. @ 150 mm c/c

LOAD COMBINATION FOR PIER PILE CAP (Ultimate Limit State)
Loads V ML MT HL HT
Dead Load 5579.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 60.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Surfacing 217.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A(3L/1S) LL1 735.27 566.16 343.13 0.00 0.00
Class A(3L/BS) LL2 1276.87 24.05 595.87 0.00 0.00
70R(T)(3L/1S) LL3 648.83 499.60 720.21 0.00 0.00
70R(T)(3L/BS) LL4 686.09 0.00 761.56 0.00 0.00
70R(W)(3L/1S) LL5 766.73 590.38 885.57 0.00 0.00
70R(W)(3L/BS) LL6 867.32 16.03 1001.76 0.00 0.00
Braking Class A(3L/1S) LL1 46.39 1950.00 0 250.00 0
Braking Class A(3L/BS) LL2 46.39 2160.60 0 277.00 0
Braking 70R(T)(3L/1S) LL3 55.26 2574.00 0 330.00 0
Braking 70R(T)(3L/BS) LL4 56.17 2616.12 0 335.40 0
Braking 70R(W)(3L/1S) LL5 75.36 3510.00 0 450.00 0
Braking 70R(W)(3L/BS) LL6 76.26 3552.12 0 455.40 0
Seismic 70R(T)(3L/1S) LL3 98.84 0.00 177.46 0.00 16.22
Seismic 70R(T)(3L/BS) LL4 169.35 0.00 304.05 0.00 27.79
Seismic 70R(W)(3L/1S) LL5 116.80 0.00 209.70 0.00 19.17
Seismic 70R(W)(3L/BS) LL6 196.96 0.00 353.62 0.00 32.32
Wind load 279.61 0.00 2265.90 0.00 285.51
Buoyant force -798.66 0 0 0 0
NON-SEISMIC CASE
A HFL / DRY CONDITION B HFL / DRY CONDITION WIND C ONE SPAN DISLODGED CASE
DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br.
LL+WCF
LL 1.50 Wind load 1.50 Water Current force 1
SEISMIC CASE
A HFL / DRY CONDITION B ONE SPAN DISLODGED CASE

DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. DL+SIDL+Surfacing+WCF (Non-
LL+Sis. LL+WCF+DL SEISMIC seismic/Seismic)
Loads FOS Loads FOS
SIDL 1 SIDL 1
LL 0 Water Current force 1
Braking LL 0.2 DL Seismic 1
Seismic LL 1
DL Seismic 1
WCF 1
Vu MLu MTu HLu Htu
HFL Condition
Non Seismic
DRY Condition
Non Seismic

HFL Condition

Seismic

DRY Condition

Seismic

One Span No
DL+SIDL+Surfacing+DL SEISMIC 6790.80 4005.69 0.00 1098.26 0.00

dislodged LL
29
30 5885.26 112.19 88.95 27.98 24.80
31 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+DL Seismic+WCF (Seismic) 6260.62 4117.88 88.95 1126.23 24.80

CHECK FOR PILE CAPACITY
3.6
C/C of pile along longitudinal direction = 3.6 m
C/C of pile along transeverse direction = 3.6 m
No. of piles along longitudinal direction = 2 nos.
No. of piles along transeverse direction = 3 nos.
Edge Clearance = 0.15 m 3.6
Pile cap dimension in longitudinal direction = 5.1 m
Pile cap dimension in transeverse direction = 8.7 m
Pier dimension in longitudinal direction = 2.5 m
Pier dimension in transeverse direction = 2.5 m
Depth of pile cap = 1.8 m
Height of earth above pile cap = 0.976 m
Effective depth of pile cap = 1.7 m
Load combination for pile load (with unfactored load)
Load Case V ML MT HL HT
MLmax 1 5928.69 4212.57 974.52 477.98 24.80 Normal
Vmax 2 6030.19 3680.34 1090.71 483.38 24.80 Case
1 span
MLmax 3 4389.42 112.189 88.947 27.979 24.801
dislodged
(Seismic)
Check for pile capacity TRAFFIC DIRECTION
Total no. of pile = 6 PILE CAP
Pile No. Trans. Long. -1.8 3.6 1.8 3.6

2 2 6 1
xi yi xi yi
1 1.80 3.60 3.24 12.96
2 1.80 0.00 3.24 0
3 1.80 -3.60 3.24 12.96 -1.8 0 1.8 0
5 2
4 -1.80 -3.60 3.24 12.96
5 -1.80 0.00 3.24 0 8.7
6 -1.80 3.60 3.24 12.96
-1.8 4 -3.6 1.8 3 -3.6
ZL = 10.8 M3 5.1
3
ZT1= 14.4 M
Moment per unit load on pile at provided pile cap position = 4 KN-m/KN
Load
Moment in pile due to
Case V/N ML/ZL MT/ZT1 H/N
horizontal force
1 988.12 390.05 67.68 79.77 319.081
2 1005.03 340.77 75.74 80.67 322.677
3 731.57 10.39 6.18 6.23 24.926

Load Pile marks 1,4,5,8 Pile marks 2,3,6,7 Now
Case Vmax Vmin Vmax Vmin Vmax = 1445.843 KN
1 1445.84 530.39 1445.84 518.29 Coresponding moment = 319.08 KN-M
2 1421.55 588.52 1421.55 583.59 Load case no. = 1
3 748.13 715.01 748.13 714.95 Mmax = 322.677 KN-M
Coresponding Vmin = 588.516 KN
Load case no. = 2
Maximum horizontal force = 80.669 KN
From geotechnical investigation report

For pile length 24 m from bottom of pile-cap
Vertical capacity = 2800 KN OK
Horizontal capacity = 100 KN OK
DESIGN OF PILE CAP BY BENDING ANALOGY (ULS)
load
comb sl LOAD CASE Vu MLu MTu HLu HTu
5 MLmax 9258.94 5034.26 1417.3 545.479 24.80
2 Vmax 9990.84 2632.952 982.76 346.529 24.801
19 Vmin 6192.11 4632.68 88.95 1192.23 24.80
31 1 span dislodged 6260.62 4117.88 88.95 1126.23 24.80
No. of piles = 6
B
0.55 ML -0.400
0.75
3.1 6 1
D D
1.70 3.6
C C
5 2
MT
8.7
4 3
5.1 B
1.3
1.400
1.8
Load 1.2
Case V/N ML/ZL MT/ZT1
5 1543.16 466.14 98.424
2 1665.14 243.79 68.247
19 1032.02 428.95 6.177
31 1043.44 381.28 6.177
Loads on piles
Moment
Load
Pile 1 Pile 2 Pile 3 Pile 4 Pile 5 Pile 6 in each
Case
piles
5 2107.72 2009.29 1910.868 978.597 1077.021 1175.45 364.03
2 1977.18 1908.93 1840.685 1353.101 1421.348 1489.60 231.61
19 1467.15 1460.97 1454.793 596.890 603.067 609.24 794.99
31 1430.90 1424.72 1418.545 655.975 662.152 668.33 751.00
Considering case 5
Moment
arm
1 Pile 1 1977.179 0.55 1087.448
2 Pile 2 1908.932 0.55 1049.912
3 Pile 3 1840.685 0.55 1012.377
4 Self Wt. -508.950 0.65 -330.82
Total 2818.92
Shear force at section D-D ("d" distance away from C-C) in KN
Total For Shear
Force at D-D
1 Pile 1 1977.179 1977.179
2 Pile 6 1489.595 1489.595
5 Self Wt. -711.450 -711.450
Total 2755.324
Design of pile cap in flexure

gm = 1.5
150 mm c/c distance
Clear cover = 75 mm
Actual Neutral Axis depth xu(0.87f
= yAst )/(0.36fckb )= 131.74 mm
2357.411 kN OK
CHECK FOR SHEAR IN PILE CAP (Clause 10.3.2, IRC:112-2011, page-88)
=[0.12K(80r1.fck)0.33+0.15scp]bw.d
Where, K = 1+√(200/d)<=2.0
So, K = 1.342
r1 = Asl/bw.d
2
d= 1712.5 mm
r1 = 0.0019
scp = 0 So,VRd.c = 455.71 KN
where nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 = 0.26389
CHECK FOR PUNCHING SHEAR FOR PIER SHAFT

(Clause 10.4, IRC:112-2011, page-98)
a
Basic Control
2d Perimeter u1
b Reduced
Control
Perimeter
Face of Pier Shaft

loaded area
Punching shear is to be checked at distance "2d" from pier shaft face

Now from pier shaft, Maximum Vertical design force, VEd = 8323.12 KN
Corresponding longitudinal design moment, MLu = 4514.17 KN-m
Longitudinal eccentricity, el = 0.542 m
As the basic control perimeter is exceeding the pile cap dimension, we will check the
punching shear at reduced control perimeter which is at inner face of piles
b
a= 6m Distance of reduced control perimeter from pier face =
b= 5.1 m 1.3 m
Now, b = 1+0.6pi()(e/(D+4d)) (b = Factors accounting for effects of bending
Now, reduced control perimeter, u = 12 m
So, total load for punching shear = Load from pier shaft+ Wt. within reduced control perimeter
VEd = 9700.117 KN
Punching shear check at face of pier shaft
a= 2.50 m
b= 2.5 m
Now, b = 1+0.6pi()(e/(D+4d)) (b = Factors accounting for effects of bending
So, total load for punching shear = Load from pier shaft
VEd = 8323.12 KN
Calculation for punching shear resistance at reduced control perimeter

Maximum punching shear resistance, nRd.max = (1/2).n.fcd
where, n = 0.6[1-fck/310]
= 0.542 (Eq. 10.6, IRC:112-2011. page-90)
So, nRd.max = 3.631 Mpa
Again, Minimum punching shear resistance, nmin .2d/a=
where nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 = 0.264
a= distance from the face of column to control perimeter
= 1.3 m
Minimum punching shear resistance = 0.695 Mpa
Now punching shear resistance, nRd = 0.12K(80rlf ck )1/3.2d/a
where, rl = √(rll.rlt) = 0.151
So, nRd = 3.022 Mpa
So, governing nRd = 3.022 Mpa OK, Safe at reduced control perimeter
Punching shear resistance at face

Punching shear resistance at face, nRd = 0.18/gcK(80rlf ck )1/3+(0.1scp)>=nmin+0.1scp
Here, scp = 0
So, nRd = 1.147 nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 = 0.264
So, governing shear resistance, nRd = 1.147 Mpa OK
a
Reduced
control
Basic perimeter
control
perimeter
2d
Punching shear check for pile reaction
a
Reduced
control
Basic perimeter
control
perimeter Reduced control perimeter for corner piles =
= P.(dia. of pile+a)/4+2.(radius of pile+0.150m)
So, u = 3.463 m
Now, net reaction force, VEd.red = VEd-∆VEd
2d Here, ∆VEd = wt. of pile cap portion within control perimeter =

74.259 KN
Vertical Reduced Control
Pile Shear
Force perimeter at distance Status
No. stress
VEd.red a
1 2033.46 3.463 0.3429 OK
2 1935.03 3.463 0.3263 OK
3 1836.61 3.463 0.3097 OK
Pile Vertical Reduced Control Shear

Status
No. Force perimeter at pile face stress
1 2107.72 2.826 0.4355 OK
2 2009.29 2.826 0.4152 OK
3 1910.87 2.826 0.3948 OK
LOAD COMBINATION FOR PIER PILE CAP (Serviceability Limit State)
Loads V ML MT HL HT
Dead Load 5579.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 60.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Surfacing 217.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A(3L/1S) LL1 735.27 566.16 343.13 0.00 0.00
Class A(3L/BS) LL2 1276.87 24.05 595.87 0.00 0.00
70R(T)(3L/1S) LL3 648.83 499.60 720.21 0.00 0.00
70R(T)(3L/BS) LL4 686.09 0.00 761.56 0.00 0.00
70R(W)(3L/1S) LL5 766.73 590.38 885.57 0.00 0.00
70R(W)(3L/BS) LL6 867.32 16.03 1001.76 0.00 0.00
Braking Class A(3L/1S) LL1 46.39 1950.00 0 250.00 0
Braking Class A(3L/BS) LL2 46.39 2160.60 0 277.00 0
Braking 70R(T)(3L/1S) LL3 55.26 2574.00 0 330.00 0
Braking 70R(T)(3L/BS) LL4 56.17 2616.12 0 335.40 0
Braking 70R(W)(3L/1S) LL5 75.36 3510.00 0 450.00 0
Braking 70R(W)(3L/BS) LL6 76.26 3552.12 0 455.40 0
Seismic 70R(T)(3L/1S) LL3 98.84 0.00 177.46 0.00 16.22
Seismic 70R(T)(3L/BS) LL4 169.35 0.00 304.05 0.00 27.79
Seismic 70R(W)(3L/1S) LL5 116.80 0.00 209.70 0.00 19.17
Seismic 70R(W)(3L/BS) LL6 196.96 0.00 353.62 0.00 32.32
Wind load 279.61 0.00 2265.90 0.00 285.51
Buoyant force -798.66 0 0 0 0
NON-SEISMIC CASE
HFL / DRY ONE SPAN DISLODGED
HFL / DRY CONDITION WIND
A B CONDITION C CASE
DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br.
LL+WCF
LL 1.00 Wind load 1.00 Water Current force 1.00
Vu MLu MTu HLu Htu
HFL Condition
Non Seismic

DRY Condition
Non Seismic

5885.26 112.19 88.95 27.98 24.80
On
e
23 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+WCF (Non-seismic)
SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE CHECK
SL NO. LOAD CASE Vu MLu MTu HLu HTu
5 MLmax 6708.51 3335.07 974.52 365.479 24.801
2 Vmax 7196.93 1756.69 684.82 235.73 24.80
8 Vmin 5605.649 112.19 2354.84 27.979 310.316
23 1 span dislodged 5885.26 112.19 88.95 27.98 24.80
No. of piles = 6
0.55 ML
1.7 -0.4
0.75
6 1
3.1
3.6
5 2
MT
3 2 8.7
4 3
5.1
1.3 B
1.40
1.8
1.2
Load
Case V/N ML/ZL MT/ZT1
5 1118.09 308.80 67.675
2 1199.49 162.66 47.557
8 934.27 10.39 163.531
23 980.88 10.39 6.177
Load
Pile 1 Pile 2 Pile 3 Pile 4 Pile 5 Pile 6
Case
5 1494.56 1426.89 1359.21 741.61 809.28 876.96
2 1409.70 1362.14 1314.59 989.27 1036.83 1084.39
8 1108.19 944.66 781.13 760.36 923.89 1087.42
23 997.44 991.26 985.09 964.31 970.49 976.67
Considering case 5
Moment
arm
1 Pile 1 1494.563 0.55 822.01
2 Pile 2 1426.888 0.55 784.79
3 Pile 3 1359.213 0.55 747.57
4 Self Wt. -508.950 0.65 -330.82
5 Earth Wt. -198.694 0.65 -129.15
Total 1894.40

Total For Shear
Force at D-D
1 Pile 1 1494.563 1494.563
2 Pile 6 1084.389 1084.389
4 Self Wt. -711.450 218.908
5 Earth Wt. -277.750 85.462
Total 2883.321
Stress level check:
Width of section considered = 1.0 m

(Clause 12.2.1(1), IRC:112-2011, page-120)
(Clause 12.2.2, IRC:112-2011, page-120)
2

Crack width check:
Crack width, Wk = Sr.max(Ôsm-Ôcm) Where, Sr.max = Maximum crack spacing

Ôsm = mean strain in the reinforcement under the relavant combination of loads
Ôcm = mean strain in the concrete between cracks.
Now,
(Eq. 12.6, IRC:112-2011, page-125)

Where, ssc = stress in the tension reinforcement = 41.24 Mpa
ae = Es/Ecm = 6.451613
rr.eff = As/Ac.eff Where, Ac.eff = Effective area of concrete in tension, surrounding
2=0 x Where, A = level of steel centroid

d h Ô1,Ô2 = greater and lesser tensile strain
hc.eff
1 B

2
Ac.eff = 218750 mm
Now. rr.eff = As/Ac.eff = 0.0149524
close (i.e <=5(c+f/2)), the maximum crack spacing,
Where, f = diameter of bar = 25 mm c = clear cover = 75 mm
And, Ôsm-Ôcm = -0.00033
Minimum value of Ôsm - Ôcm = 0.0001237
So, governing value of Ôsm - Ôcm = 0.00012
So, crack width, Wk = Sr.max(Ôsm-Ôcm) = 0.067 mm

Crack width within permissible limit
DESIGN OF PILES
Diameter of piles, D = 1200 mm

2
2
Loads Loads on piles
Moment
Load Pile 1 Pile 2 Pile 3 Pile 4 in each
Case kN kN kN kN piles KN-
m
5 2107.72 2009.29 1910.87 978.60 364.03
2 1977.18 1908.93 1840.68 1353.10 231.610
19 1467.15 1460.97 1454.79 596.89 794.995
31 1430.90 1424.72 1418.55 655.98 751.005
d'
Diameter of bars provided = 25 mm
Percentage of stee, p = 0.868
So, p/fck = 0.025
d'/D = 0.073
Now for case 22, Pile No. 1
Pu/fck.D2 = 0.0418

Mu1/fckD3 = 0.03
So, Mu1 = 1814.4 KN-m
Length of fixity = 8.931 m (From soil report)

Continue bars upto end of pile
Provide distribution reinforcement 12 mm dia.
@ 150 mm c/c
Summarised Reinforcement Detailing
(According to chapter 16, IRC:112-2011, page-171)
PIER SHAFT
2
Total vertical reinforcement provided = 9598.08955 mm
2
Concrete area, Ac = 2299811.72 mm
2
Now, 0.0024Ac = 5519.548 mm < Steel provided, OK
2
and 0.04Ac = 91992.47 mm > Steel provided, OK
Tie bar provide 16 mm dia. @

150 mm c/c.
2
Total horizontal reinforcement provided = 1608 mm
Vertical reinforcement provided =

25 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c.
Horizontal reinforcement provided =
16 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c.
PILE CAP
2
Steel in 1m strip = 3270.833 mm
2
As.min = 0.26fctm/fykbtd= 2582.45 mm OK
2
or, 0.0013btd = 2226.25 mm OK
Distribution reinforcement provided at bottom and both direction at top
OK
Provide surface reinforcement 16 mm dia. 6 Nos. each face
PILE
Main reinforcement provided 25 mm dia. 20 Nos. in one layer
Continue all bars upto end of pile
Distribution reinforcement provided 12 mm dia. 150 mm c/c

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Final Design - OLD

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DESIGN

Step I - HFL Fixation:-

Step II - Slope Calculation :-

Cross-Section at Chainage 0.00 m :

HFL Main Stream

Level Avg. water Area of Hydraulic

Avg. water Area of Velocity,V

Avg. water Area of Velocity,V

1) From Hydraulic calculations:

Calculated Regime width for discharge of 97.71 m3/s = 47.5 m

3) Bank to bank distance:

4) Skew Crossing Angle: = 0°

Fixation of formation level

For Navigation (vertical clearance) = 0.900 m

Discharge, Q = 97.7 m3/sec

Q = C0(2g)0.5 L Dd [ h + (1+e) U2/2g]1/2

or, 97.7 = 692.7335037 ( h + 0.099489796 u2)^0.5

or, (h + 0.0994898 u2 ) - 0.01989663 = 0

Also just upstream of the Bridge,

Actual Afflux = -0.042 m

Scour Depth Calculation :

Total Span = 18.75 + 2 x 0.75 + 2 x 0.04 = = 20.33 m

Db = Design Discharge/ Eff. Span = 3.5 m3/sec/m

Max. scour depth at abutment location = (1.27 x Dsm) = 4.972 m

Max. scour depth at pier location = (2.0 x Dsm) = 7.830 m

Dead Load from super-structure = 1980 KN

Considering abutment wall :

Calculation of moment due to earth pressure :-

Variable gravity loads treated as permanent loads

Super Imposed Dead Load (SIDL) (except surfacing)

Surfacing and Wearing Coat

Vehicular Live Load

Carriageway Live load

Maximum Reaction = Rb = 434.5 kN

2 Type of Loading = IRC class 70R Tracked

700/4.57 = 153.17 kN/m

0.475 1.2 1.2

And transverse eccentricity, wrt deck, eT = 1.11 m

3 Type of Loading = IRC 70 R Wheel

170 170 170 170 120 120 80

0.475 1.2 0.86 0.86

Vehicular live load

Load cases considered for abutment are tabulated bellow :

700 0 713.717 0 1.110 0 792.226

Case - I Case - III Case - V

Calculation of Bearing Forces:

Bearing type- one side is fixed.

Earthpressure surcharge effect due to live load :

Live load surcharge pressure is to be considered

Considering dirt wall :

Moment at base of dirt wall due to live

Considering Abutment Shaft

Moment at base of abutment wall due to live

Seismic Zone of bridge location = IV

Seismic force due to dead load

C. Seismic on Dirt wall :

Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC:6-2014, page-52)

D. Seismic on Abutment Cap:

E. Seismic on Abutment Shaft: