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    Experiment 3

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    vishnu.vkannan0908

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    Experiment 3

    Uploaded by

    vishnu.vkannan0908
    4 views4 pages

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    4 views4 pages

    Experiment 3

    Uploaded by

    vishnu.vkannan0908

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    EXP:3

    Demonstrate the usage of pipes and filters using Linux commands

    Aim/Objective:
    Demonstrate the usage of pipes and filters using Linux commands - wc, cut,
    paste,comm, uniq, more, less, cmp, diff, sort, files, uniq, grep

    Apparatus Required:
    Hardware Requirements – Intel core
    II CPU Software Requirements –
    Red-hat Linux
    Theory
    Pipes
    Pipes is used to give the output of one command as input to another
    command. Command is piped together using vertical bar ‘|’. When a pipe is
    established between two commands the output of first command is redirected to
    standard input of second command.
    Syntax
    Command 1|command 2
    Filters
    Any program that can take input from standard input and write result to
    standard output is called filter. Linux has a number of filters

    Procedure

    Command : sort (ordering a file)


    Usage : It is used to sort re-orders lines in ASCII collating sequences,
    white spaces, then numerals, uppercase and finally lowercase.
    Syntax : sort [-options] filename
    Options: -r display input taken from the reverse alphabetical order
    -f output arranged in alphabetical order
    -n arrange the input according to numerical
    values Example: $ sort –n sample.txt

    Command: grep
    Usage : This command is used to search files for lines that match a
    given pattern. Syntax : grep file pattern
    Example : grep sample.txt

    Command : cut
    Usage : (cutting columns)
    This command can be used to cut the columns from a file with
    -c option. Syntax :$ cut -c [numbers delimited by comma or
    range] <file name> Option : -f option you can cut the fields
    delimited by some character.
    -d option is used to specify the delimiter and -f option used
    to specify the field number.
    Example : $ cut -c 1, 2, 3-5
    students.txt
    Command : paste
    Usage : The paste command will paste the contents of the file
    side by side Syntax : $ paste <file1 name> <file2 name> <filen
    name>
    Example: $ paste cutlist1.txt
    cutlist2.txt
    Command: wc (statistic of file)
    Usage : This command is used to count lines, words and characters,
    Depending on the option used.
    Syntax : wc [options] [file
    name] Options : -l: Number
    of lines
    -w: Number of words
    -c: Number of
    characters Example : $
    wc sample1.txt
    Output : 65 2776 17333 sample1.txt
    Which means sample1.txt file has 65 lines, 2776 words, and 17333 Characters.

    Command: cmp
    Usage : This command is used to compare two files whether they are
    identical or not.
    • The two files are compared byte by byte and the location
    of the first mismatch is printed on the screen.
    • If two files are identical, then it does not print anything on
    the screen Syntax : cmp <file1> <file2>
    Example: $ cmp sample1.txt sample2.txt

    Command : less

    Usage: Less command is a Linux utility that can be used to read the contents of a
    text file one page (one screen) at a time.
    Syntax:less [options] filename
    Example:less welcome.txt

    Command :more

    Usage: more command is used to view the text files in the command prompt,
    displaying one s creen at a time in case the file is large (For example log
    files).
    Syntax:more [-options] [file_name]
    [-options]: any option that you want to use in order to change the
    way the file is displayed. Choose any one from the followings: (-d, -l, -f, -
    p, -c, -s, -u)
    -d : Use this command in order to help the user to navigate. It displays
    “[Press space to continue, ‘q’ to quit.]” and displays “[Press ‘h’
    for instructions.]” when wrong key is pressed.
    -f : This option does not wrap the long lines and displays them as such.
    -p : This option clears the screen and then displays the text.
    -c : This command is used to display the pages on the same area by
    overlapping the previously displayed text.
    -s : This option squeezes multiple blank lines into one single blank line.
    -u : This option omits the underlines.

    Example:more -d

    sample.txt Command: uniq

    Usage:The uniq command in Linux is a command-line utility that reports or


    filters out the repeated lines in a file.
    Syntax: uniq [file_name]

    Example: $uniq kt.txt

    Command: file

    Usage:file command is used to determine the type


    of a file. Syntax:file <filename>

    Example: file sec.py

    output : sec.py: Python script, ASCII text executable

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