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    L3 Syntax 2022 2023

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    L3 Syntax 2022 2023

    Uploaded by

    mpf82ptkpk
    7 views5 pages
    Syntax in l3

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    L3-Syntax-2022-2023

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    Syntax in l3

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    7 views5 pages

    L3 Syntax 2022 2023

    Uploaded by

    mpf82ptkpk
    Syntax in l3

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    ANG 353.

    2 Semester 1 (2022-2023) Mrs Khady Tamba Ndao

    Dr Khady Tamba Ndao


    UCAD- English department
    L3 (ANG 353.2)
    English Syntax

    A. Draw tree diagrams to show the structure of the following sentences

    1. Awa sat by the beach


    2. Awa opened a car.
    3. The dog ran.

    B. Adjectives

    - Adjectives modify nouns

    - If the adjective modifies the noun, then it is sister to the noun.

    “The handsome boy”

    NPDet N’

    N’AdjN

    - Use tree diagrams to show the structure of these sentences:

    4. The tall girl left

    5. Awa lives in a big apartment

    1
    ANG 353.2 Semester 1 (2022-2023) Mrs Khady Tamba Ndao

    C. Adverbs

    Consider the following sentences:

    (1) The wind completely destroyed the house.

    - This sentence contains a category which is referred to as: adverb. The latter is a
    modifier that can specify how an event happens.
    - For this reason, the adverb (Adv) modifies the element linked to the event (represented
    by the VP).
    - In English, adverbs can also occur in a position where they precede the VP (as shown
    in (2) and (3)).

    (2) S (3) S
    eo ep
    NP VP NP VP
    eu eo eu ep
    Det N Adv VP Det N VP Adv
    g g g ei g g ti g
    the dog completely V NP the dog V NP completely
    g ty g ru
    destroyed Det N destroyed Det N
    g g g g
    the house the house

    D. Auxiliaries (helping verbs)

    1. They always appear with a main verb

    2. They belong to a closed class.

    2
    ANG 353.2 Semester 1 (2022-2023) Mrs Khady Tamba Ndao

    E. Complementizer Phrase (CP)

     CPs are headed by a complementizer (that, if, whether etc.)

     They are complements of verbs.

     In this example, the CP (that the teacher saw her) is the complement of V

    (thinks).

    The student thinks [that the teacher saw her].

    • VP VCP

    • CP CPS

    Practice exercises:

    F. For each of the following sentence, draw a tree diagram showing its underlying
    structure:

    a) “the nice woman thought that the girls would come for dinner”

    b) “The student bought the shoes at the mall”

    c) “The brown bird pecked the bagel”

    3
    ANG 353.2 Semester 1 (2022-2023) Mrs Khady Tamba Ndao

    d) Awa thinks that the tall lady should walk slowly.

    G. Consider this truncated tree and fill in the following blanks:

    VP
    wo
    V NP
    In this tree, V and NP are _______________, they are under the same ____________.
    We can also say that the NP in this sentence is the ____________________ of the verb.

    H. Do the underlined words in each of the following sentences form a constituent?


    Circle Yes or No. Use a constituency test to support your answer.

    a. The sick girl ran two miles.


    - Constituent: Yes No
    - Test:

    4
    ANG 353.2 Semester 1 (2022-2023) Mrs Khady Tamba Ndao

    b. The smith thinks that the boy left.


    - Constituent: Yes No
    - Test:

    c. Two boys stole the key


    - Constituent: Yes No
    - Test:

    d. The wind completely destroyed the house.

    - Constituent: Yes No
    - Test:

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