UNIVERSITY OF ELSHEIKH ABDALLAH

ELBADRI

FACULTY OF MEDICINE

CURRICULUM DOCUMENT
PROPOSAL FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF FACULTY OF
MEDICINE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ELSHAIKH
ABDALLAH ELBADRI

JUSTIFICATION
Despite the recent large establishment of medical schools in the last two
decades or so, both in the capital and states, the Sudan is still short of
reaching a satisfactory doctor: population ratio. This is made more
difficult by clustering of doctors in the capital and main cities depriving
the country health units. Another alarming signal is the continuous and
relentless migration of young doctors to the neighbouring countries
maintaing a shortage despite the graduation of over two thousand
graduates every year.

The catchment area of the proposed medical school offers an opportunity

of realising an impact on the health services in collaboration with the
local authorities and developing a curriculum that is both community
oriented and of high international standard.

Vision
The medical school is intended to pioneer excellence in medical
education and research in the Arab and Islamic world and develop
curricula and research output to promote national, socio-economic
development.

Mission
 Commitment to offer high quality educational programs for
students to qualify for the medical bachelor and bachelor of
surgery ( MBBS ) .
 Support academic and research activities to meet national
aspirations at home and in the Arab and Islamic worlds.
 Adopt international standards of quality education and training to
equip graduates with knowledge and skills for effective
participation in community development.

2
General objectives of the programme:

 Implementing high quality educational programmes leading to degree of

bachelor of medicine and surgery (MBBS).
 Graduating doctors able to practice observing medical and Islamic ethics
 Achieving and maintaining excellence in medical research
 Inviting community participation in health promotion and service
 Development of cultural and scientific relations with sister colleges
nationally and internationally.
 Acquiring an international stanndard in medical education and health
research.

Specific objectives of the programme:

The graduate should be able to demonstrate:

1. The ability to care for individual patients by both preventing and treating
illnesses,

2. Contribution to community health promotion through cost-effective use of

health resources,

3. Willingness to work with other health professionals in the provision of

comprehensive health care

4. The ability to continue to acquire and update a sound educational base to

respond to evolving and changing health needs throughout their careers

5. Appreciation of the value of continuing personal and professional

development, through in-service training, continuing professional development
and use of modern information technology.

6. Ethical approach to patients, health service and research.

Educational Methods

1. Lectures: will be used judiciously to provide expert presentations, subject

outlines& explanation of complex issues.

2. Small group discussions: for reflection on specified topics and encourage

active participation.

3. Assignments: to develop independent learning, writing& reporting.

4 Clinico-pathological conferences and audit seminars

3
5. Laboratory practice classes: to learn some basic laboratory and clinical
skills& to reinforce theoretical facts& concepts.

6. Problem- based learning sessions: to develop problem solving skills

evaluation of evidence& independence.

7. Student seminars: to apply evidence-based research, prepare a seminar,

develop group work& presentation skills.

8. Research projects: to use research methods including application of

biostatistics

9. Skills lab session: for preclinical practice of basic clinical skills.

10. Bedside Clerking& patient's workups.

11. Clinical teaching in the out-patients clinics& in the wards and community
health centers.

12. Field work and rural attachments.

Evaluation methods:

1. Structured short answer questions( SSAQ ).

2. Problem solving

3. MCQs

4. Single best answer

5. Objective structured practical examination (OSPE ).

6. Objective structured clinical examination ( OSCE )

7. Clinical exams

8. Research projects

9. Essays & short notes.

10. Continuous assessment.

11. Assignments

12. Log book

4
 UNIVERSITY OF ELSHIKH ABDALLA ALBADRI

FACULTY OF MEDICINE

SUMMARY OF CURRICULUM STRUCTURE

The curriculum is divided into 11 equal semesters of 16 -18 weeks duration including
time allocated for assessment. The following summary and tables below show the
phases and contents of each phase.

Phase I: (Semester 1)

Premedical courses:

Physics, chemistry, medical biology,Mathematics, English language, Arabic

language, Islamic Studies, Sudanese Studies, Statistics and introduction to psychology
and sociology and introduction to community medicine.

Phase II: (Semester 2, 3, 4)

Basic medical Sciences:

Anatomy, Physiology , Biochemistry and community medicine.

Phase III (Semester 5and 6)

Clinical Sciences:

Pathology, microbiology, Pharmacology and community medicine.

Phase IV (Semester 7, 8)

Integrated course , Introductory Medicine, Forensic medicine and Community

Medicine &medical statistics.

Phase V (Semester 9, 10, 11)

Clinical Studies

Medicine, Surgery, Peadiatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.

Clerkship:(semsters 8, 9,10)

 Including the subspecialties ENT, Ophthalmology, Radiology, orthopaedics,

Dermatology, Psychiatry, cancer treatment and ER.
 Duration of each clerkship, required number of cases,…etc are to be specified
by respective major departments.

5
 UNIVERSITY OF ELSHEIKH ABDULLAH ELBADRI

FACULTY OF MEDICINE

CURRICULUM OUT LINE

Phase Semester Subject Hours Comments

Sudanese studies 30 Final
Phase 1 Semester I: Islamic studies. 30 Final
Premedical Higher education Arabic language. 30 Final.
courses requirements English language. 15 Final.
Scientific english language. 15 Final.
Mathematics 30 Final
introduction to psychology and
30 Final.
sociology
Medical biology. 60 Final
Premedical sciences
Chemistry. 60 Final
Physics. 60 Final
Introduction to community medicine. 30 Long.
Biochemistry 162 Final
Phase II Anatomy (including embryology & Final
Basic medical 228
histology)
sciences Semester 2
Physiology 162 Final
Community 30 Long
Computer science. 30 Final.
Biochemistry : Total 486 hours 2nd M.B.
324 Exam (Intermediate)
Total 684 hours 2nd M.B.
Anatomy 456 Exam (intermediate)
Semester 3+4
Total 486 hours 2nd M.B.
Physiology 324
Exam (intermediate)
Long
Community 60
Pharmacology 105 + therapeutics 75 Final
180
Phase III
Para clinical Pathology (general & systemic) Final
sciences Semester 5+6 360

Microbiology 300 Final

Community medicine 60 Cont.
Integrated course (Applied Anatomy, Final
Phase IV Pathophysiology, Therapeutics, Clinical 150
Integrated Correlation)
Courses Semester 7 Community medicine Cont.
100

Forensic medicine Cont.

100

Community medicine (including Final. Total Sem.

Project submission, health centers& 150 1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8= 430
Semester 8 rural programs) hours
Medical Ethics & Professionalism 20 Final

6
 Introductory medicine 150 Cont.

Forensic medicine 150 Final exam.

Semester 9 Surgery 150 Cont.

Internal medicine 180 Cont.
Obs. & Gynaecology 150 Cont.

Paediatrics 150 Cont.

Subspecialties
(Internal medicine & Skin diseases Final(part of internal
40
surgery (Minors ): medicine syllabus)
psychiatry Final(part of internal
60
medicine syllabus)
Radiology& radiotherap Final(part of internal
60
Phase V medicine syllabus)
Clinical studies Family medicine Final(part of internal
Semesters 60
medicine syllabus)
(9+10+11)
ENT Final(part of surgery
40
syllabus)
Ophthalmology Final(part of surgery
40
syllabus)
Anaesthesia Final(part of surgery
40
syllabus)
orthopaedics Final(part of surgery
64
syllabus) l
Final total (semesters
Internal medicine including
8,9,10,11) = 690 hours,
(Emergency medicine: evening 360
Clinical studies including related sub
sessions)
specialties
Semesters Surgery including (Surgical Final total sem. 9,10,11
10 +11 Emergencies : evening sessions) 360 =510hours. including
related sub specialties
Obs. & Gyn. including (Obs. & Gyn. Final total sem. 9,10,11
Emergencies : evening sessions)) 200 =350 hours
Paediatrics including (Paediatric Final total sem. 9,10,11
Emergencies : evening sessions)) 200 = 350 hours

From Sem.1 to 11 =
Total=
6040 hours

Cont ( continuous)
contact hours:
( lectures, seminars, tutorials, practicals,
clinical , field visits.)

7
UNIVERSITY OF ELSHEIKH ABDULLAH ELBADRI

FACULTY OF MEDICINE

‫كلية الطب‬
‫) و الرموز‬2015( ‫الخطة الدراسية‬

8
 ‫الفصل األول‬ ‫الصف األول‬
‫ساعات‬ ‫الساعات‬ ‫ساعات االتصال‬ ‫أسم المقرر‬ ‫رمز المقرر‬
‫االمتحان‬ ‫المعتمدة‬ ‫نظري‬ ‫عملي‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪ ARA111‬اللغة العربية‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫اللغة اإلنجليزية‬ ‫‪ENG111‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الثقافة اإلسالمية‬ ‫‪ISL111‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪ SUD 111‬الدراسات السودانية‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪ MAT111‬الرياضيات‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪ CHM111‬الكيمياء‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫الفيزياء‬ ‫‪PHC111‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫األحياء‬ ‫‪MBI111‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫اللغةاإلنجليزية ‪Scientific‬‬ ‫‪ENG112‬‬
‫‪English‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫علم النفس واالجتماع‬ ‫‪PSY111‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪ COM111‬طب المجتمع(‪)1‬‬
‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫مجموع ساعات الفصل الدراسي‬

‫الفصل الثاني‬ ‫الصف األول‬

‫ساعات‬ ‫الساعات‬ ‫ساعات االتصال‬ ‫أسم المقرر‬ ‫رمز المقرر‬
‫االمتحان‬ ‫المعتمدة‬ ‫نظري‬ ‫عملي‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪ ANA121‬التشريح (‪)1‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪ PHY121‬وظائف األعضاء (‪)1‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫الكيمياء الحيوية (‪)1‬‬ ‫‪BIO121‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪ COM122‬طب المجتمع (‪)2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫الحاسوب‬ ‫‪CM121‬‬
‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫مجموع ساعات الفصل الدراسي‬

‫‪9‬‬
 ‫الفصل األول‬ ‫الصف الثاني‬
‫ساعات‬ ‫الساعات‬ ‫ساعات االتصال‬ ‫أسم المقرر‬ ‫رمز المقرر‬
‫االمتحان‬ ‫المعتمدة‬ ‫نظري‬ ‫عملي‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫التشريح (‪)2‬‬ ‫‪ANA212‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫وظائف األعضاء (‪)2‬‬ ‫‪PHY212‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫الكيمياء الحيوية (‪)2‬‬ ‫‪BIO212‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫طب المجتمع (‪)3‬‬ ‫‪COM213‬‬
‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫مجموع ساعات الفصل الدراسي‬

‫الفصل الثاني‬ ‫الصف الثاني‬

‫ساعات‬ ‫الساعات المعتمدة‬ ‫ساعات االتصال‬ ‫أسم المقرر‬ ‫رمز المقرر‬
‫االمتحان‬ ‫نظري‬ ‫عملي‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫التشريح (‪)3‬‬ ‫‪ANA223‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫وظائف األعضاء (‪)3‬‬ ‫‪PHY223‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫الكيمياء الحيوية (‪)3‬‬ ‫‪BIO223‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫طب المجتمع (‪)4‬‬ ‫‪COM224‬‬
‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫مجموع ساعات الفصل الدراسي‬

‫الفصل األول‬ ‫الصف الثالث‬

‫ساعات‬ ‫الساعات المعتمدة‬ ‫ساعات االتصال‬ ‫أسم المقرر‬ ‫رمز المقرر‬
‫االمتحان‬ ‫نظري‬ ‫عملي‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫علم األمراض (‪)1‬‬ ‫‪PAT311‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫األحياء الدقيقة (‪)1‬‬ ‫‪MIC311‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫علم األدوية (‪)1‬‬ ‫‪PHA311‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫طب المجتمع (‪)5‬‬ ‫‪COM315‬‬
‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫مجموع ساعات الفصل الدراسي‬

‫‪10‬‬
 ‫الفصل الثاني‬ ‫الصف الثالث‬
‫ساعات‬ ‫الساعات المعتمدة‬ ‫ساعات االتصال‬ ‫أسم المقرر‬ ‫رمز المقرر‬
‫االمتحان‬ ‫نظري‬ ‫عملي‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫علم األمراض(‪)2‬‬ ‫‪PAT322‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫األحياء الدقيقة (‪)2‬‬ ‫‪MIC322‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫علم األدوية (‪)2‬‬ ‫‪PHA322‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫طب المجتمع (‪)6‬‬ ‫‪COM326‬‬
‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫مجموع ساعات الفصل الدراسي‬

‫الفصل األول‬ ‫الصف الرابع‬

‫ساعات‬ ‫الساعات‬ ‫ساعات االتصال‬ ‫أسم المقرر‬ ‫رمز المقرر‬
‫االمتحان‬ ‫المعتمدة‬ ‫نظري‬ ‫سريري‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫كورس تكاملي‬ ‫‪INT 41‬‬
‫)‪(Integrated Course‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫طب المجتمع (‪)7‬‬ ‫‪COM417‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫الطب العدلي(‪)1‬‬ ‫‪FOR411‬‬
‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫مجموع ساعات الفصل الدراسي‬

‫الفصل الثاني‬ ‫الصف الرابع‬

‫ساعات‬ ‫الساعات‬ ‫ساعات االتصال‬ ‫أسم المقرر‬ ‫رمز المقرر‬
‫االمتحان‬ ‫المعتمدة‬ ‫نظري‬ ‫سريري‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫طب المجتمع(‪)8‬‬ ‫‪COM428‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫الطب العدلي (‪)2‬‬ ‫‪FOR422‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫الطب الباطن (‪)1‬‬ ‫‪MED421‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫أخالق المهنة والممارسة‬ ‫‪MEP 422‬‬
‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫مجموع ساعات الفصل الدراسي‬

‫الفصل األول‬ ‫الصف الخامس‬

‫ساعات‬ ‫الساعات‬ ‫ساعات االتصال‬ ‫أسم المقرر‬ ‫رمز المقرر‬
‫االمتحان‬ ‫المعتمدة‬ ‫نظري‬ ‫سريري‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫الطب الباطن (‪)2‬‬ ‫‪MED512‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫الجراحة (‪)1‬‬ ‫‪SUR511‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫طب األطفال(‪)1‬‬ ‫‪PED511‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫أمراض النساء والتوليد (‪)1‬‬ ‫‪OBS511‬‬
‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬ ‫مجموع ساعات الفصل الدراسي‬

‫‪11‬‬
‫ملحوظة‪ :‬يتضمن التدريب بعد نهاية الفصل األول من الصف الخامس التدريب في‬
‫التخصصات الدقيقة‪ ،‬جلدية‪ ،‬نفسية‪ ،‬طب أسرة (طب باطن)‪ ،‬أنف وأذن وحنجرة‪،‬‬
‫عيون ‪( ،‬جراحه)‪.‬‬

‫الفصل الثاني‬ ‫الصف الخامس‬

‫ساعات‬ ‫الساعات‬ ‫ساعات االتصال‬ ‫أسم المقرر‬ ‫رمز المقرر‬
‫االمتحان‬ ‫المعتمدة‬ ‫نظري‬ ‫سريري‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪ MED523‬الطب الباطن (‪)3‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫الجراحة(‪)2‬‬ ‫‪SUR522‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫طب األطفال(‪)2‬‬ ‫‪PED522‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫أمراض النساء والتوليد (‪)2‬‬ ‫‪OBS522‬‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫مجموع ساعات الفصل الدراسي‬

‫الفصل الثالث‬ ‫الصف الخامس‬

‫ساعات‬ ‫الساعات‬ ‫ساعات االتصال‬ ‫أسم المقرر‬ ‫رمز المقرر‬
‫االمتحان‬ ‫المعتمدة‬ ‫نظري‬ ‫سريري‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪ MED534‬الطب الباطن (‪)4‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫الجراحة(‪)3‬‬ ‫‪SUR533‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫طب األطفال(‪)3‬‬ ‫‪PED533‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫أمراض النساء والتوليد (‪)3‬‬ ‫‪OBS533‬‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫مجموع ساعات الفصل الدراسي‬

‫ملحوظة‪ :‬يتضمن التدريب بالصف الخامس التدريب بطب الطوارئ (أطفال – نساء‬
‫وتوليد – جراحة‪ -‬طب باطن) بالفصلين الثاني والثالث‪.‬‬

‫‪254‬‬ ‫مجموع الساعات المعتمدة للكلية‬

‫‪12‬‬
 ‫مفتاح الرموز‪:‬‬
‫ترمز الحروف في اليسار للمادة كما هو موضح في الجدول أدناه ويرمز الرقم في يسار العدد في‬
‫الرمز للعام الدراسي والذي يليه للفصل الدراسي والرقم األخير للجزء من المادة (األول أم الثاني‬
‫أم الثالث) وهو ال يعني أنه مادة منفصلة‪.‬‬
‫‪Arabic Language‬‬ ‫‪ ARA‬اللغة العربية‬
‫‪English Language‬‬ ‫‪ ENG‬اللغة اإلنجليزية‬
‫‪Scientific English‬‬ ‫‪ ScENG‬لغة المصطلحات الطبيه‬
‫‪Sudanese Studies‬‬ ‫‪ SUD‬الدراسات السودانية‬
‫‪Islamic culture‬‬ ‫‪ ISL‬الثقافة اإلسالمية‬
‫‪Computer Science‬‬ ‫‪ CMP‬الحاسوب‬
‫‪Mathematics‬‬ ‫‪ MAT‬الرياضيات‬
‫‪Chemistry‬‬ ‫‪ CHM‬الكيمياء‬
‫‪Physics‬‬ ‫‪ PHC‬الفيزياء‬
‫‪Medical Biology‬‬ ‫‪ MBI‬األحياء‬
‫‪Psychology & Sociology‬‬ ‫‪ PSY/SOC‬علم النفس واالجتماع‬
‫‪Anatomy‬‬ ‫‪ ANA‬التشريح‬
‫‪Physiology‬‬ ‫‪ PHY‬وظائف األعضاء‬
‫‪Biochemistry‬‬ ‫‪ BIO‬الكيمياء الحيوية‬
‫‪Pathology‬‬ ‫‪ PAT‬علم األمراض‬
‫‪Microbiology‬‬ ‫‪ MIC‬األحياء الدقيقة‬
‫‪Pharmacology‬‬ ‫‪ PHA‬علم األدوية‬
‫)‪(Integrated Course‬‬ ‫‪ INT‬كورس تكاملي‬
‫‪Community Medicine‬‬ ‫‪ COM‬طب المجتمع‬
‫‪Forensic Medicine‬‬ ‫‪ FOR‬الطب العدلي‬
‫‪Medicine‬‬ ‫‪ MED‬الطب الباطن‬
‫‪Surgery‬‬ ‫‪ SUR‬الجراحة‬
‫‪Paediatrics‬‬ ‫‪ PED‬طب األطفال‬
‫‪Obstetrics & Gynaecology‬‬ ‫‪ OBS‬أمراض النساء والتوليد‬
‫‪Medical Ethics & Professionalism‬‬ ‫‪ MEP‬أخالق المهنة والممارسة‬

‫‪13‬‬
 ‫منهج الثقافة اإلسالمية‬
‫‪Semester 1‬‬ ‫الفصل االول‬
‫‪Course Title: Islamic culture course‬‬ ‫اسم الكورس‪ :‬ثقافه اسالميه‬
‫‪Course Code: ISL111‬‬ ‫رمز الكورس‪ISL111 :‬‬
‫‪Contact hours:‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪Credit hours: 2‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫ساعات االتصال‪:‬‬

‫األهداف العامة‪:‬‬
‫تتح دث هذه األهداف عن ما ينبغى للطالب أن يدركه من علم ومعرفة‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬أن يدرس إسهام الحضارة العربية اإلسالمية فى الحضارة اإلنسانية‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬أن يدرس بعض مضامين ومبادئ وأسس التربية اإلسالمية‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬اإللمام باإلتجاهات الثقافية المعاصرة وثقافة المجتمعات المختلفة‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬أن يعى صلة اللغة العربية بالثقافة العربية اإلسالمية‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5‬أن يدرك القرآن العظيم والدراسات عنه‪.‬‬
‫‪ .6‬أن يعرف المذاهب فى الفكر الفقهى اإلسالمى‪.‬‬
‫‪ .7‬أن يلم برأى اإلسالم فى قضايا الفكر العالمى المعاصر والتطور العلمى‪.‬‬
‫‪ .8‬أن يعرف مسيرة الحديث النبوى الشريف وأئمته‪.‬‬
‫‪ .9‬أن يدرك الطالب بعض الجهود العلمية التى أثرت الحضاارة اإلنساانية مان خاالل إباداعات بعاض علمااء‬
‫المسلمين األجالء فى مجاالت الطب والعمران والرياضيات واللغة واإلدارة واإلقتصاد ‪ ..‬إلخ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .10‬ان يلم ببعض ما أنجزه العلم الحديث وما جاء به القرآن العظيم‪.‬‬
‫‪ .11‬فقه الطبيب و أخالقيات المهنه‪.‬‬
‫المحتويات‪:‬‬
‫الكتاب األول ا لعام‪ :‬قرارات وقضايا التخصص العلمى لجميع طالب جامعة الشيخ عبدهللا البدري‪:‬‬
‫المحتويات‪:‬‬
‫الوحدة األولى‪ :‬دراسات فى القرآن العظيم‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬القرآن والوحى (‪.)2( – )1‬‬
‫‪ .2‬تنجيم القرآن‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬جمع القرآن وترتيبه‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬جمع القرآن فى عهد الرسول‪ ،‬صلى هللا عليه وسلم‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬جمع القرآن فى عهد سيدنا أبى بكر رضى هللا عنه‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬جمع القرآن فى عهد سيدنا عثمان رضى هللا عنه‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬علوم القرآن‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬المكى والمدنى‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬أسباب النزول‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬الناسخ والمنسوخ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬القراءآت والقراء‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5‬أسلوب القرآن‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬المفردة القرآنية‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬اآلية وصياغتها‪.‬‬
‫‪ .6‬رواية القرآن‪.‬‬
‫‪ .7‬خصائص القرآن (‪.)2( – )1‬‬
‫‪ .8‬القرآن والحضارة‪.‬‬
‫الوحدة الثا نية‪ :‬السنة النبوية المطهرة والحديث الشريف‪:‬‬
‫أوالً‪ :‬السنة النبوية المطهرة‪:‬‬

‫‪14‬‬
 ‫‪ .1‬معنى السنة فى اللغة وأصول الفقه والفقه (‪.)3( – )2( – )1‬‬
‫‪ .2‬منزلة السنة فى التشريع اإلسالمى وحجتها‪.‬‬

‫ثانياً‪ :‬الحديث الشريف‪:‬‬

‫رواية الحديث (‪.)3( – )2( – )1‬‬
‫من أئمة الحديث‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬اإلمام النسائى‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬اإلمام البخارى‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬اإلمام القرطبى‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬اإلمام الطبرى‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5‬اإلمام أبو داؤد‪.‬‬
‫‪ .6‬اإلمام ابن ماجة‪.‬‬
‫‪ .7‬اإلمام ابن كثير‪.‬‬
‫الوحدة الثالثة‪ :‬المذاهب اإلسالمية الفقهية والعبادات‪:‬‬
‫أوالً‪ )1( :‬أئمة المذاهب‪:‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬اإلمام احمد أبو حنيفة النعمان‪.‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬اإلمام مالك بن أنس‪.‬‬
‫ج‪ .‬اإلمام محمد بن إدريس الشافعى‪.‬‬
‫د‪ .‬اإلمام أحمد بن حنبل‪.‬‬
‫(‪ )2‬فقه اإلمام مالك بن أنس إمام دار الهجرة (‪.)2( – )1‬‬
‫(‪ )3‬أثر اإلمام مالك فى المنهج الفقهى العام (‪.)2( – )1‬‬
‫ثانياً‪ :‬العبادات‪:‬‬
‫الصالة فى اإلسالم (‪.)4( – )3( – )2( – )1‬‬
‫الوحدة الرابعة‪ :‬ولإلسالم رأى‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬العلمانية واإلسالم‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬العولمة واإلسالم‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬وثيقة مؤتمر السكان والتنمية‪ :‬رؤية إسالمية‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬حكم اإلسالم فى ذبائح أهل الكتاب‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5‬مفهوم الحداثة واإلسالم‪.‬‬
‫الوحدة الخامسة‪ :‬إسهام الحضارة العربية اإلسالمية فى الحضارة اإلنسانية‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬الحضارة‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬تعريف الثقافة ومفهومها‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬حضارة العرب ومراحل تطورها عبر العصور (‪.)2( – )1‬‬
‫‪ .4‬تاريخ العلم عند العرب‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5‬الحضارة اإلسالمية ودورها فى رقى البشرية‪.‬‬
‫‪ .6‬دور المستشرقين فى إبراز جوانب اإلبداع فى الفكر الجغرافى العربى‪.‬‬
‫‪ .7‬دور العرب فى تكوين المعارف العلمية فى أوربا‪.‬‬
‫‪ .8‬العرب وظاهرة الجاذبية‪.‬‬
‫‪ .9‬العرب وحركة المقذوفات (‪.)2( – )1‬‬
‫‪ .10‬العرب ونظريات الميكانيكا (‪.)2( – )1‬‬
‫‪ .11‬العلم وعلم المناظر (‪.)3( – )2( – )1‬‬
‫‪ .12‬العرب والنظرية الذرية (‪.)2( – )1‬‬
‫الوحدة السادسة‪ :‬عباقرة الحضارة العربية اإلسالمية‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬جابر بن حيان‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬إبن النفيس‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬إبن سينا‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬الرازى‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5‬إبن الهيثم‪.‬‬
‫‪ .6‬البتانى (بطليموس العرب)‪.‬‬

‫‪15‬‬
 ‫‪ .7‬اإلمام الغزالى‪.‬‬
‫‪ .8‬البيرونى (‪.)3( – )2( – )1‬‬
‫‪ .9‬المبرد‪.‬‬
‫الوحدة السابعة‪ :‬إسالميات‬
‫‪ .1‬عشية مات أبى بكر الصديق‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬دائرة معارف الجنة‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬عثمان الخليفة المفترى عليه‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬قبة الصخرة‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5‬قصة التقاويم (‪.)2( – )1‬‬
‫‪ .6‬كشف علمى جديد وإعجاز قرآنى دائم‪.‬‬
‫‪ .7‬دائرة معارف قرآنية‪.‬‬
‫‪ .8‬نظرية األخالق اإلسالمية (‪.)2( – )1‬‬

‫الكتاب الثانى‪ :‬الثقافة اإلسالمية فى حقول العلوم الطبية‪:‬‬

‫هذا الكتاب مخصص لطالب برامج الطب البشرى وطب األسنان والصايدلة والمختبارات الطبياة‪ .‬وياتم تنفياذ‬
‫بعض المختارات منه وفق الثقل النسبى المخصص لهاذا الجازء مان الثقافاة اإلساالمية والاذى يخاتص باالعلوم‬
‫الطبية‪.‬‬
‫المحتويات‪:‬‬
‫الو حدة األولى‪ :‬إسهام الثقافة اإلسالمية فى العلوم الطبية‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬الطب فى الجاهلية‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬تاريخ الطب العربى‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬التمريض فى الحضارة اإلسالمية‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬الصيدلة عبر العصور‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5‬الصيدلة عند العرب‪.‬‬
‫‪ .6‬تاريخ طب األطفال عند العرب‪.‬‬
‫‪ .7‬دائرة معارف‪ :‬أطباء عرب‪.‬‬
‫‪ .8‬من الطب النبوى‪.‬‬
‫‪ .9‬الطب النبوى فى صدر اإلسالم وأثره على المجتمع‪.‬‬
‫‪ .10‬المستشفيات الحربية‪.‬‬
‫‪ .11‬علم األجنة فى القرآن والسنة‪.‬‬
‫‪ .12‬األمراض اللثوية وعالجها فى التراث العلمى عند العرب‪.‬‬
‫‪ .13‬الحاوى فى الطب للرازى‪.‬‬
‫‪ . 14‬أثر التشريح العربى فى تقدم علم التشريح فى عصر النهضة األوربية‪.‬‬
‫‪ .15‬طب العيون عند الرازى‪.‬‬
‫‪ .16‬الزهراوى رائد الجراحة (‪.)1‬‬
‫‪ .17‬الزهراوى رائد الجراحة (‪.)2‬‬
‫‪ . 18‬الطبيب العربى‪ :‬على بن رضوان‪ :‬رئيس أطباء مصر‪.‬‬
‫‪ .19‬طرق تدريس الطب عند العرب‪.‬‬
‫‪ . 20‬إعصار تكساس العربى أو رائد جراحة القلب المفتوح‪.‬‬
‫‪ . 21‬التيسير فى المداواة والتدبير ‪ ..‬من كتب التراث‪.‬‬
‫الوحدة الثانية‪ :‬من آيات هللا البينات‪:‬‬
‫‪﴿ .1‬وفى أنفسكم أفال تبصرون﴾‬
‫‪﴿ .2‬يا أيها األ نسان ما غرك بربك الكريم الذى خلقك فسواك فعدلك فى أى صورة ما شاء ركبك﴾‬
‫‪﴿ .3‬والوالدات يرضعن ‪.)2( – )1( ﴾......‬‬
‫‪﴿ .4‬فيه شفاء للناس﴾‬
‫‪ .5‬أطوار التخلق اإلنسانى ﴿مالكم ال ترجون هلل وقارا ً (‪ )13‬وقد خلقكم أطوارا﴾ً‬

‫الوحدة الثالثة‪ :‬ولإلسالم رأى‪:‬‬

‫‪ .1‬األمراض الجنسية‪ :‬ضريبة اإلباحية‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬اإلسالم واإلجهاض‪.‬‬

‫‪16‬‬
 ‫‪ .3‬اإلسالم والخمر‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬اإلسالم والتدخين‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5‬اإلسالم وعالج الرجل للمرأة‪.‬‬
‫‪ .6‬اإلسالم والزنا‪.‬‬
‫‪ .7‬اإلسالم واإلنعاش الصناعى‪.‬‬
‫‪ .8‬اإلسالم والحيض‪.‬‬
‫‪ .9‬اإلسالم واإلستنساخ (‪.)2( – )1‬‬
‫‪ .10‬اإلسالم والتلقيح الصناعى‪.‬‬
‫‪ .11‬اإلسالم والموانع‪.‬‬
‫‪ .12‬اإلسالم واإليدز‪.‬‬
‫الوحدة الرابعة‪ :‬ثقافة طبية‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬دائرة المعارف‪ :‬أمراض األطفال‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬زرع األعضاء جواز المرور إلى حياة جديادة (‪ )1‬البادء بازرع الادما (‪ )2‬أساواق متطاورة لقطاع الغياار‬
‫البشرية (‪.)3‬‬
‫‪ .3‬فن المعمار الدوائى‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬مرض السكر واألطفال‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5‬الفيروسات‪.‬‬
‫‪ . 6‬أمراض الحيوان التى تصيب اإلنسان‪ :‬دائرة المعارف‪.‬‬
‫‪ .7‬األسبرين‪.‬‬
‫‪ .8‬أشجار السودان تعالج معظم األمراض‪.‬‬
‫‪ .9‬دائرة المعارف‪ :‬علم وظائف األعضاء‪.‬‬
‫‪ .10‬إتحاد أجنة الثديات برحم األم‪.‬‬
‫‪ .11‬قسم األطباء‪.‬‬

‫‪17‬‬
 ‫منهج اللغة العربية‬
‫‪Semester 1‬‬ ‫الفصل االول‬
‫‪Course Title: Arabic language course‬‬ ‫اسم الكورس‪ :‬لغه عربيه‬
‫‪Course Code: ARA111‬‬ ‫رمز الكورس‪ARA111 :‬‬

‫‪Contact hours:‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫الساعات المعتمده‪2 :‬‬

‫‪Credit hours: 2‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫ساعات االتصال‪:‬‬

‫أوالً‪ :‬مستوى المنهج‪:‬‬

‫يكون مستوى المنهج أعلى من مستوى الثانوي وأدنى من مستوى التخصص‪.‬‬
‫ثانياً‪ :‬أهداف المنهج‪:‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫ً‬
‫يهدف المانهج فاى إطااره العاام إلاى تمكاين الطالاب مان اللغاة العربياة نطقاا وكتاباة‪ .‬وأماا فاى شاكله التفصايلى‬
‫فيهدف إلى‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬تدريب الطالب على الرسم اإلمالئى الموافق للقواعد واألصول الفنية‪.‬‬
‫تثقيااف أساااليب الطااالب كتاب اةً ونطقاا ً ألجاال إحتااذاء األساااليب الفصاايحة الخاليااة ماان األخطاااء اللغويااة‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫والنحوية‪.‬‬
‫اإلرتقاء بملكات الطالب فى نطق الحروف من مخارجها الصحيحة‪.‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫ترسيخ المصطلح العلمى‪.‬‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫تدريب الطالب على كتابة المقال والبحث‪ ،‬واستخدام المعاجم‪ ،‬والتلخيص‪ ،‬والترقيم‪.‬‬ ‫‪.5‬‬
‫توسيع معارف الطالب وربطهم بالتراث العربى واإلسالمى‪.‬‬ ‫‪.6‬‬
‫ثالثاُ‪ :‬كيفية تحقيق األهداف‪:‬‬
‫تاادريس بعااض الاادروس المهمااة فااى النحااو والصاارف مثاال المبنااى‪ ،‬المعاارب‪ ،‬المبتاادأ والخباار‪ ،‬العاادد‪،‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫الحال‪ ،‬التمييز‪ ،‬المفعول به‪ ،‬اإلستثناء‪ ،‬العطف‪ ،‬اإلشتقاق‪.‬‬
‫تدريس قواعد اإلمالء باإلعتماد على الكتب الموضوعة لهذا الغرض‪.‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫تدريس بعض النصوص األدبية الجيدة ويترك األستاذ حرا ً فى اختياره على أن يكون اإلختياار موافقاا ً‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫للتخصصات المختلفة فى الكلية المعنية‪.‬‬
‫تدريس بعض السور واآليات مع مراعاة ارتباطها بالتخصصات المختلفة‪.‬‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫اإلهتمام بالجانب التطبيقى تحريرا ً ومشافهةً (المطالعة الجهرية)‪.‬‬ ‫‪.5‬‬
‫تاادريب الطااالب علااى اكتساااب مهااارات الترجمااة ماان العربيااة إلااى اإلنجليزيااة‪ ،‬وماان اإلنجليزيااة إلااى‬ ‫‪.6‬‬
‫العربية‪.‬‬
‫وضع تصور لمراجعة المنهج وتقويمه وتطويره‪.‬‬ ‫‪.7‬‬
‫رابعاً‪ :‬زمن المنهج‪:‬‬
‫الزمن المحدد للمنهج ‪ 30‬ساعة (ثالثون) ‪.‬‬
‫خامساً‪ :‬تفصيل المنهج‪:‬‬
‫تدرس الدروس اآلتية اعتمادا ً على النصوص الشعرية والنثرية‪ :‬إعراب األسماء الستة‪ ،‬المثنى‪ ،‬جماع‬ ‫أ‪.‬‬
‫المذكر السالم‪ ،‬جماع المؤناث الساالم‪ ،‬اإلسام الاذى ال ينصارف‪ ،‬المعتال مان األساماء‪ ،‬المرفوعاات مان‬
‫األسااماء‪ ،‬القواعااد اإلمالئيااة‪ ،‬ومخااارج الحااروف والمعاااجم‪ ،‬وترساايخ المصااطلح‪ ،‬وإعااراب الفعاال‪،‬‬
‫إعراب األفعال المعتلة‪ ،‬واألفعاال الخمساة‪ .‬وبساتعان فاى اختياار النصاوص الشاعرية بكتااب الحماساة‬
‫الصغرى لعبد هللا الطيب‪.‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬الصرف واللغة‪ :‬اإلشتقاق الصرفى‪ ،‬األخطاء الشائعة‪.‬‬
‫ج‪ .‬التطبيق على الدروس السابقة‪.‬‬
‫الدراسات النقدية‪:‬‬ ‫د‪.‬‬
‫‪ .1‬قر اءة بعض الفصول من كتب األدب‪ ،‬ويطباق عليهاا ماا سابق مان دروس النحاو‪ ،‬اللغاة‪ .‬والكتاب‬
‫المختارة هى‪ :‬مقامات الحريرى‪ ،‬البيان والتبيين (تدرس فصول مختارة)‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬أصول حديثة وتشمل أسس نقد العاطفة‪ ،‬والنكرة‪ ،‬والخيال‪ ،‬واألسالوب ويساتعان يكتااب (أصاول‬
‫النقد األدبى) ألحمد الشايب‪.‬‬

‫‪18‬‬
‫ه‪ .‬النحااو‪ :‬تراادرس المفعااوالت باإلضااافة إلااى الحااال والتمييااز واإلس اتثناء والمجاارورات ماان األسااماء والعاادد‬
‫واعتمادا ً على النصوص الشعرية من الحديث والقديم‪.‬‬
‫و‪ .‬التطبيق‪ :‬يربق على الدروس السابقة بدراسة بعض الفصول من الكتب اآلتية‪ :‬جمهرة خطب العرب‪ ،‬رسالة‬
‫الغفران ألبى العالء‪ ،‬الحيوان للجاحظ‪ ،‬الكامل للمبرد‪ ،‬حديث األربعاء لطه حسين‪ ،‬المرشد ج ‪ 3‬عبد هللا‬
‫الطيب‪.‬‬
‫ز‪ .‬الدراسات األدبية والنقدية‪:‬‬
‫تاادرس نماااذج ماان األدب السااودانى وتشاامل قصااائد لاابعض الشااعراء السااودانيين كالعباسااى‪ ،‬والبنااا‪،‬‬
‫والتجااانى‪ ،‬والمجاااذوب‪ ،‬وجمااااع‪ ،‬ونصاااوص نثريااة مثااال (نحاااو الغاااد) و(مااوت دنياااا) لمحماااد أحماااد‬
‫محجوب‪ ،‬و(كلمات من فاس) و(القصيدة المادحة) لعبد هللا الطيب‪ .‬وتطبق كل الدروس السابقة‪.‬‬

‫سادساً‪ :‬التقويم‪:‬‬
‫يرعتمد فى التقويم على الوسائل اآلتية‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬األعمال السنوية ولألستاذ أن يتن َّخل درجاتها مما يتيسر له إجراؤه من الحلقاات الدراساية‪ ،‬والمقااالت‪،‬‬
‫والبحوث‪ ،‬والتطبيقات‪ ،‬على ان يكون هذا بنسبة ادناها ثالثون وأعالها أربعون (‪.)٪ 40 – 30‬‬
‫‪ .2‬اإلمتحان الكتابى ونسبته الدانياة ساتون‪ ،‬والعالياة سابعون (‪ .)٪ 70 – 60‬ومان هناا يتضاح أن طريقاة‬
‫التدريس تنحو منحى يجعل الطالب مشاركا ً بالحديث والكتابة منذ بداية العام‪ .‬وهذا من شاننه أن يرقاوى‬
‫الملكااات المااذكورة فااى األهااداف‪ .‬هااذا ويمكاان اإلسااتعانة أيض اا ً بالوسااائل الحديثااة فااى تاادريس اللغااات‬
‫األجنبية لهذا الغرض‪.‬‬

‫‪19‬‬
 ‫منهج الدراسات السودانية‬
‫‪Semester 1‬‬ ‫الفصل االول‬
‫‪Course Title: Sudanese studies course‬‬ ‫اسم الكورس‪ :‬دراسات سودانيه‬
‫‪Course Code: SUD111‬‬ ‫رمز الكورس‪SUD111 :‬‬
‫‪Contact hours:‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪Credit hours: 2‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫ساعات االتصال‪:‬‬

‫أوالً‪ :‬مستوى المنهج‪:‬‬

‫أدنى مستوى التخصص فى المعارف التى يحتويها فى جزئياته وأقسامه‪.‬‬
‫ثانياً‪ :‬أهداف المنهج‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬تعريف الطالب بالمعالم األساسية البارزة فى تاريخ السودان‪.‬‬
‫‪ . 2‬تقوية إحساس الطالب بالوحدة‪ ،‬وإذكاء الشعور القومى فيهم‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬تعريف الطالب بخصائص الشخصية السودانية ومكوناتها‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬إجالء الحقائق الجغرافية والبيئية األساسية عن السودان‪ ،‬تلك التى تدفعه للنهوض بدوره فى المنطقة‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5‬تعريف الطالب بواقع الحياة اإلقتصادية فى السودان‪ ،‬ومؤسساتها وتطورها‪.‬‬
‫‪ . 6‬إطالع الطالب على فلسفة التعليم العام فى السودان‪ ،‬ومشكالت األمنية فيه ومنحهم معرفة بتطاور التعلايم‬
‫الجامعى فى السودان ومتطلباته للقرن الحادى والعشرين‪.‬‬
‫‪ .7‬تعرياف الطاالب بنشاانة جامعاة الخرطاوم‪ ،‬وأهاادافها‪ ،‬ولوائحهاا‪ ،‬ونظمهاا الدراسااية‪ ،‬ودورهاا فاى المجتمااع‬
‫بحسبانها أم الجامعات السودانية‪.‬‬
‫ثالثاً‪ :‬كيفية تحقيق األهداف‪:‬‬
‫دراسة بعض الجوانب التاريخية والجغرافياة واإلقتصاادية والصاحية واإلجتماعياة للتعارف علاى نشانة الدولاة‬
‫السودانية ومكونات الشخصية السودانية‪.‬‬
‫رابعا ً‪ :‬زمن المنهج‪:‬‬
‫الزمن المحدد (‪ )30‬ثالثون ساعة‪.‬‬
‫خامساً‪ :‬تفصيل المنهج (المحتويات)‪:‬‬
‫‪ . 1‬تعريف موجز بتاريخ السودان مع التركيز على تتبع فكرة الدولة بحسبانها وحادة سياساية‪ ،‬وتطاور النظاام‬
‫والفكر السياسى فى السودان‪.‬‬
‫‪ . 2‬نشنة المجتمع السودانى وتطوره‪ :‬ويشمل ذلك سكانه وقبائله (نماو الساكان‪ ،‬تاوزيعهم وارتبااطهم باالموارد‬
‫واستغاللها‪ ،‬والهجرة وازدحام المدن) لغاته وأديانه‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬أثر اإلسالم والعروبة واإلفريقية على خصائص الشخصية السودانية ومكوناتها‪.‬‬
‫‪ . 4‬حادود الساودان الحالياة‪ ،‬وأنواعهااا‪ ،‬واإلتفاقاات الخاصاة بهااا والمشاكالت الناجماة عاان كبار الحجام وطااول‬
‫الحدود‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5‬تطور التقسيم اإلدارى للسودان (من المركزية إلى الالمركزية)‬
‫‪ . 6‬الدور الجغرافى السياسى السودانى فى المنطقة مع التركيز على القرن اإلفريقى‪.‬‬
‫‪ .7‬اإلنساان الساودانى والبيئااة‪ :‬أثار اإلنسااان الساودانى فااى تغييار النظاام البيئااى‪ ،‬المشااكل الناجمااة عان عالقاة‬
‫اإلنسان بالبيئة الطبيعية مع التركيز على التصحر والتلوث‪.‬‬
‫‪ . 8‬اإلقتصااد السااودانى‪ :‬التطااور التاااريخى‪ ،‬التكااوين الهيكلااى‪ ،‬دور المؤسسااات الدينيااة واإلقليمياة فااى تشااكيل‬
‫السياسات اإلقتصادية‪ ،‬أداء اإلقتصاد السودانى منذ اإلستقالل مع دراسة البرامج اإلقتصادية المعاصرة‪.‬‬
‫‪ .9‬التعليم فى السودان‪ :‬التعليم العام‪ ،‬التعليم الجامعى‪ ،‬جامعة الخرطوم‪.‬‬
‫‪ . 10‬التغذية والصحة‪ :‬العادات الغذائية فى السودان‪ ،‬األمراض وطرق إنتشارها‪ ،‬الصاحة ومشااكل البيئاة فاى‬
‫السودان‪.‬‬
‫سادساً‪ :‬التقويم‪:‬‬
‫‪٪ 40- 30‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬أعمال السنة‬
‫‪٪ 70 – 60‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬اإلمتحان النهائى‬

‫‪20‬‬
 ‫ساعات مقرر الدراسات السودانية‬

‫ساعات‬ ‫الموضوع‬ ‫م‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫السودان (الموقع‪ ،‬الحدود‪ ،‬جغرافية الطبيعة والبشر)‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫الموارد والثروات (المياه‪ ،‬الزراعة‪ ،‬التعدين‪ ،‬الثروة الحيوانية)‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫الحضارات السودانية (النوبة‪ ،‬المسيحية‪ ،‬اإلسالم)‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫السودان والعالقات الدولية (‪1885 – 1821‬م)‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫التقانة السودانية‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫المهدية والقومية السودانية‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫السودان والحكم الثنائى (بناء الدولة الحديثة)‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫(تنظيم اإلدارة‪ ،‬السكة الحديدية‪ ،‬البريد والبرق‪ ،‬مشروع الجزيرة‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫الحركة الوطنية (ثورة ‪1924‬م‪ ،‬مؤتمر الخريجين)‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫األدب والفن فى السودان (جمعيات القاراءة والمناقشاة‪ ،‬مجلاة النهضاة‪ ،‬مجلاة الفجار‪ ،‬أشاهر األدبااء والشاعراء‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫والفنانين‪ ،‬الفنون التشكيلية)‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫أم درمان (مدينة المبادرات) (التركيبة السكانية‪ ،‬التعدد والتنوع والوحدة‪ ،‬أم درمان نموذج لسودان المستقبل)‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫التعليم األهلى (فلسفته‪ ،‬مؤسساته‪ ،‬برناته)‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬التعليم األهلى الجماهيرى‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬الخالوى‬
‫‪ .2‬المدارس األهلية‬
‫ب‪ .‬التعليم األهلى الخاص‬
‫ج‪ .‬قضايا التعليم العالى فى عهد الحكم الوطنى‬
‫د‪ .‬كلية علوم التقانة‬
‫ه‪ .‬رواد التعليم األهلى‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫زيارة متاحف ومعالم (المتحف القومى‪ ،‬متحف التراث الشعبى‪ ،‬متحف التاريخ الطبيعاى‪ ،‬متحاف بيال الخليفاة‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫وقبة اإلمام المهدى)‬

‫يكلاف الطااالب بكتاباة بحااوث أو مقاااالت عان بعااض موضاوعات الثقافاة السااودانية بصافة خاصااة او موضااوعات‬
‫المنهج بصفة عامة‪ ،‬لتادريب الطاالب علاى البحاث واإلساتنتاج وتنمياة الخياال وقاراءة بعاض الكتاب المختصاة فاى‬
‫الدراسات السودانية‪.‬‬

‫‪21‬‬
 ‫‪MATHEMATICS COURSE‬‬
‫منهج الرياضيات‬
‫رياضيات عامة‬
‫‪Semester 1‬‬
‫‪Course Title: Mathematic course‬‬
‫‪Course Code: MAT111‬‬
‫‪Contact hours:‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪Credit hours: 2‬‬

‫أ‪ .‬هندسة تحليلية ‪Analytical geometry‬‬

‫المحاور اإلحداثية‪ ،‬المحل الهندسى‪ ،‬الخط المستقيم‪ ،‬القطوع المخروطية‪.‬‬
‫ب‪Calculus .‬‬
‫‪ .1‬التفاضل‪:‬‬
‫الدوال الحقيقية فى متغير واحد‪ ،‬النهاية‪ ،‬اإلستمرار‪ ،‬المعناى الهندساى للمشاتقة‪ ،‬مشاتقات بعاض الادوال‪،‬‬
‫المشااتقات العليااا‪ ،‬النهايااات الصااغرى والعظمااى ونقاااط اإلنقااالب‪ ،‬تعريااف الدالااة فااى أكثاار ماان متغياار‪،‬‬
‫المشتقات الجزئية‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬التكامل‪:‬‬
‫التكامل غير المحدد‪ ،‬معنى طرق التكامل وتطبيقات‪ .‬التكامل المحدد وعالقته بالمسافة تحل المنحنى‪.‬‬

‫ج‪.‬اإلحصاء واإلحتماالت ‪Statistics And Probability‬‬

‫‪ ‬مقدمة فى اإلحتماالت‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬مسلمات اإلحتماالت‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬اإلحتمال الشرطى واألحداث المستقلة‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬نظرية المتغير العشوائى‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬التوزيعات اإلحتمالية‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬التوقع الرياضى‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬التباين للمتغير العشوائى‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬العزوم‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬مقدمة اإلحصاء‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬العرض الجدولى‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬مقاييس اإللتواء والتفرطح‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬اإلرتباط واإلنحدار‪.‬‬

‫مدة الدراسة‪ :‬فصل دراسى واحد‪.‬‬

‫ساعات التدريس للفصل الدراسى‬

‫‪30‬ساعة‬ ‫محاضرات‬
‫‪ 20‬ساعة‬ ‫تمار ين‬

‫طريقة التقويم‪:‬‬
‫اإلعتبار فى التقدير النهائى‬ ‫اإلمتحان‬
‫‪٪30‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬إمتحان منتصف الفصل‪.‬‬
‫‪٪70‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬اإلمتحان النهائى‪.‬‬

‫‪22‬‬
 CHEMISTRY COURSE
Semester 1
Course Title: Chemistry course
Course Code: CHM111
Contact hours: 60
Credit hours: 3

Aims:
The chemistry course aims to:
1. Provide an appropriate course for those students who wish to pursue fruitfully,
courses in the different branches of medicine, as well as laying secure
foundations for those who continue their studies in related subjects such as
biochemistry and physiology.
2. Enable students to gain a knowledge and an understanding appropriate to this
level and to appreciate the interlinking patterns which are a distinguishing
feature of the subject.
3. Stimulate and sustain students' interest in, and the enjoyment of chemistry.
4. Show the interrelationship between the development of the subject and its
applications: biological, environmental, social, economic and technological.
5. Develop skills in laboratory procedures and techniques, with due regard for
safety, together with the ability to assess the use and limitations of the
procedure.
6. Foster imagination and critical scientific thinking.
7. Foster appreciation of the unity underlying an apparent diverse chemical world.

Objectives:
In order to realise the above aims the following objectives are to be pursued:
1. Knowledge: ability to recall and communicate information, including
applications.
2. Comprehension: ability to interpret familiar information.
3. Application: use and communicate knowledge in situations which are, to some
extent, unfamiliar or dealing with familiar situations by unfamiliar methods.
4. Analysis, evaluation, synthesis: analysis of a complex situation into various
parts and seeing the relations between them; bridging together several areas of
knowledge.
5. Activities:
a. using practical techniques to investigate the behaviour of materials.
b. looking for and using patterns in explaining the behaviour of substances.
c. solving problems using mathematical techniques.
d. solving problems using concepts without recourse to mathematical
techniques.

Duration of course:
60 hours
Contents:
Theory:
1. Thermochemistry and introductory thermodynamics:

23
 Concept of internal energy, enthalpy changes, standard condition for
enthalpy change, heat of formation, heat of combustion, heat of reaction,
Hess's law, heat of neutralisation, the law of conservation of energy, the
concept of free energy change, entropy change, free energy change and
chemical equilibrium.

2. States of matter:
2.1 Introduction:
The nature of solid, liquid, and gaseous substance in the light of the
general kinetic theory, surface tension, viscosity.
2.2 The gaseous state:
Gas pressure, the kinetic theory of gases, Avogadro's principle,
Dalton's law of partial pressure, Graham's law of diffusion of gases,
ideal gas, real gases, liquefaction of gases.
2.3 The liquid and solid states:
Cohesive forces in liquids, solid substances, vaporised vapour pressure
of liquids, boiling point, latent heat of vaporisation, melting point,
latent heat of fusion, vapour pressure of solids, pressure curves, and the
phase diagram.

3. Chemical kinetics and reaction rates:

Rate of chemical reaction, effect of concentration on reaction rate, the rate
law, reaction order, effect of temperature on reaction rate, reaction
mechanism, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts and their
mechanisms, catalyst inhibition, applications of catalysts, enzymatic
catalysis.

4. Chemical equilibrium:
Reversible reaction and chemical equilibrium, derivation of equilibrium
constant from the rate law, equilibrium constant in concentration and in
pressure units, the relationship between the equilibrium constants in the two
units, factors which affect equilibrium of Le Chaterlier's principle.

5. Chemistry in aqueous solution:

5.1 Solubility in water
Solubility, factors that affect solubility, expressing concentration in
different unit, molarity, normality, mole fraction, percent
(volume/volume, weight/weight, mass/volume).
5.2 Titrimetric (volumetric) analysis:
The standard solution, calculation from equations, types of chemical
reaction, colour indicators, conductometric titrations, potentiometric
titrations.
5.3 Electrolytic equilibria:
Weak and strong electrolytes, ionisation of water, concept of pH,
common ion effect and its applications, blood as a buffer,
heterogeneous ionic equilibrium, solubility product and its applications
in chemical analysis.

5.4 Colligative properties of solutions:

24
 Vapour pressure of solution, elevation of boiling point, depression of
freezing point, osmotic pressure, osmotic pressure in living systems,
inter-ionic attraction in solution.

5.5 Colloidal solutions: (2 hours)

Dispersability of substance in water, colloidal dispersion, optical
properties of colloidal system, classification of colloidal solutions,
stability of colloidal systems, adsorption and its applications.

6. Organic chemistry
6.1 Introduction:
Valency of carbon, numeracy of carbon compounds, saturated and
unsaturated bonds, function groups, cyclisation, different types of
isomerise chain, positional, functional group, geometric and optical.
6.2 Aliphatic hydrocarbons:
Sources, characteristic reactions.
6.3 Benzene:
Stability electrophillis substitution.
6.4 Alkyl halides:
Characteristic reactions and aromaticity.
6.5 Organic oxygen compounds:
The important preparative method, typical reactions.
6.6 Organic amines and nitrites

Practical:
Quantitative analysis:
Acid/base titration, redox titration, potentiometric titration, conductometric
titration.
Qualitative analysis:
Reactions of acidic and basic radicals in inorganic salts.

Assessment:
The examination shall normally consist of one three-hour practical paper or two
two-hour practical papers.
The theory paper shall include a first section of twenty compulsory multiple
choice objective questions (20 marks) and a second section of six, also
compulsory, questions (10 marks each). Internal choice within a question is
allowed in this section.
The practical examination shall consist of the titrimetric determination, and the
quantitative identification of some unknown anion and cation of inorganic
specimens.
The relative weighing of the theory-to-practical examination shall be 80:20
respectively.
The course and mid-term examination is 30 – 40 percent of the total mark.

25
 SCIENTIFIC ENGLISH COURSE
Semester 1
Course Title: Scientific English course
Course Code: SCENG112
Contact hours: 15
Credit hours: 1

1.General Objectives
This course covers the linguistic structural basis for scientific and medical
terminology in Latin, Greek and English and explanation of the main terms in
different applications of medical science specialties to workers in different specialties.
The course also aims at acquainting students with the pronunciation, writing and
understanding of general principal medical terms and abbreviation corresponding to
their Arabic homologues.
2.Specific Objectives
After study of this course the students should be able to:
1. Explain the purpose of medical terminology.
2. Define the terms root, suffix, and prefix.
3. Explain what combining forms are and why they are used.
4. Name the languages from which most medical word parts are derived.
5. Pronounce words according to the pronunciation guide used in this course.
6. Recognize and use general noun, adjective, and plural suffixes used in
medical terminology.
7. Identify and define the prefixes used in medical terminology.
8. Use prefixes to form words used in medical terminology
9. Recognize and use roots and suffixes pertaining to cells, tissues, and organs.
10.Describe the main parts of the body
11. Define the main directional terms used in anatomy
12. Identify and use word parts pertaining to diseases.
13. Define the major terms describing types of diseases.
Contents
1. Basic rules and elements for building and defining medical word
2. Combining vowels
3. Combining form
4. Word roots
5. Word prefix (Common Prefixes)
6. Word suffix (Common suffixes)
7. Abbreviations
8. Combining form
9. Languages of most medical word parts
10. Pronounce words according to the pronunciation guide
11. Analysis of case study with regard to some concepts of medical terminology
12. Word Parts Pertaining to Disease: Infectious Diseases, Responses to Disease
13. Neoplasia.
EVALUATION:

26
Class work 30 – 40 %
Final exam. 60 – 70 %

ENGLISH LANGUAGE COURSE

Semester 2
Course Title: English course
Course Code: ENG111
Contact hours: 15
Credit hours: 1

I. LEVEL OF COURSE:
Above secondary school level.

II. AIMS OF THE COURSE:

1. To develop a specific competence related to the student academic field of
study.
2. To bring the student to a satisfactory level of competence on the four
language skills with this order of priority, reading, writing, listening and
speaking.
3. To provide sufficient training in translation.

III. METHODOLOGY:
1. Remedial work and proficiency at first then writing simple grammatically
correct sentences and expanding them into longer ones.
2. To train on reading skills such as skimming, scanning and fast reading
with maximum comprehension.
3. To increase vocabulary through the comprehension passages selected from
the students' respective disciplines.
4. Writing paragraphs and short passages
Teaching topic sentences, conclusions, elementary data collection, simple
reports and essays.
5. Training the student in Arabic/English/Arabic translation.

IV. DURATION OF THE COURSE:

30 hours

V. COURSE DESCRIPTION:
1. Study skills, the use of references, dictionaries and the library.
2. Teaching passages increasing vocabulary, punctuation, layout, articles and
tenses (simple, past, present, perfect, etc.).
3. Teaching number, agreement, propositions and some parts of speech.
4. Introducing sentence patterns, (simple, compound and complex sentences
together with clauses and phrases).
5. Giving exercises on the passive voice, thought connectors, coordinators,
subordinators and modifiers.

27
 6. Teaching writing skills.
7. Exercises in long paragraphs, and short essays, (description, narration,
interpretation and summary).
8. Exercises in writing organised essays, presentations and foot-notes.
9. Training in reading (silent and aloud).
10. Group discussion and conversation.
11. Training in descriptive and subjective translation beginning with simple
short stories and narratives. Translation of business texts and varied
registers from law, physical/life sciences, religious, news and magazine
articles.
12. A simple quick survey of phonology and a comparison between Arabic
and English morphology and syntax.

VI. EVALUATION:
1. Class work30 – 40 %
2. Final exam. 60 – 70 %

28
 PHYSICS COURSE
Semester 1
Course Title: Physics course
Course Code: PHC111
Contact hours: 60
Credit hours: 3

OBJECTIVES:
This course is designed to allow medical students to acquire knowledge of the basic
ideas and concepts of physics relevant to his/her specialisation.

METHODOLOGY:
Lectures, applications, tutorials, practicals.

CONTENTS:
A. THEORY:
INTRODUCTION TO MECHANICS:
1. The units of dimensions, coordinates (coordinate system) scalers and vectors.
2. Newton's laws of motion. (concepts of velocity, acceleration, momentum,
impulse.
3. Concepts of energy power and work.
4. Conservation laws.
5. Simple harmonic motion (amplitude … frequency), sound and ear, resonance,
ultrasonic waves and their use in medicine.
6. Force of gravity.
7. Circular motion (centrifugal force).

INTRODUCTION TO HEAT AND PROPERTIES OF MATTER

1. Concept of heat and temperature.
2. Degree, temperature scales.
3. Thermometers … transfer.
4. Specific … , air pressure, blood pressure, blood flow in the body.
5. Diffusion and viscosity. Flow in tubes.
6. Surface tension.
7. Capillarity.
8. Osmosis.

OPTICS:
1. Geometrical optics (mirrors and lenses). Human eye, lenses and contact lenses,
short-sighted and long-sighted and stigmatism.
2. Physical optics.
3. Dual nature of light (wave and corpuscular properties of light ..)

29
 4. Phase difference.
5. Coherence and interference.
6. Diffraction.
7. Image formation by diffraction.
8. Compound microscope.
9. Interference microscope.
10. Polarisation and its uses.

ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

1. Coulomb's law of electric change.
2. Electric field and potential.
3. Capacitors (condensers), energy stored in a capacitor.
4. Electric current.
5. Electromotive force.
6. Ohm's law of resistivity.
7. Kirchoff law.
8. Magnetic field.
9. Ampere's law.
10. Faraday's law.
11. Oscilloscope, cardiogram, E.E.G., E.C.G.

MODERN PHYSICS
1. Atomic structure of matter.
2. Conductors, semiconductors, superconductors, insulators.
3. Determination of e/M for electrons.
4. X-ray, XRF, XRD and their uses in magnesium …….
5. Radioactivity.
6. Decay law ……. Half-life and its uses.
7. Radioisotopes.
8. Fissionable isotopes.
9. Quantum theory.
10. Photoelectric effect.
11. Bohr's atom.
12. Energy states of hydrogen atom and its spectra.
13. Spectroscope.
14. Radiation protection, dosimetry.
15. NMR, Esr methods.
16. Ultraviolet.
17. Lasers.

B.PRACTICAL

1.Measurements(Vernier)
2.Measurements (Micrometer)
3. Specific heat capacity.
4. The coefficient of viscosity.
5.Resistance of a voltmeter.
6.Focal length of lens.
7.Ohm’s law.
8.Refractive lndex of a liquid.
9. Boyl’s law.
10.Simple pendulum.

30
 BIOLOGY COURSE
Semester 1
Course Title: Biology course
Course Code: MBI111
Contact hours: 60
Credit hours: 3

AIMS:
Orientation of fresh medical students to medical sciences through the provision of
related biological concepts and principles as well as acquainting the student with
practical laboratory work.

OBJECTIVES:
On completion of the prescribed course the student will be able to:
1. identify the relationship between biology and medical sciences.
2. differentiate between inductive and deductive methods as well as knowing the
basic steps in the scientific method.
3. define the cell theory, identify the structure and function of the prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells as well as understanding cell bioenergetics and divisions.
4. recognise the basic architectural plan of the vertebrate body and its
modifications in various classes and relate structure to function.
5. identify and recognise the role of insects and arthropods of medical importance
and their control.
6. use the microscope and realise its importance as a biological tool.
7. dissect representative examples of some animal groups.
8. register the results of his laboratory investigations through scientific drawing,
writing observations, constructing tables and plotting graphs.

CONTENTS:
Theory and Practical:
1. Biology as a natural science: definition, branches and disciplines, its relationship
with medical sciences, scientific method of investigation.
2. Introduction to cell biology (4 weeks = 16 L + 12 practical hours).
Cell structure and function: definition of cell biology as theme in biology,
methods of studying cells, pro- and eu-karyotic cells, animal, plant cells
and fungal cells, modifications of cell surface, gross functions of cell
components.
Cell membrane: molecular structure (fluid mosaic model), transport across
membranes.
Bioenergetics:
Energy and the laws of thermodynamics: energy transformation,
energy in chemical bonds, entropy in the living systems, free
energy.
Photosynthesis: chlorophyll and other plant pigments,
photosynthetic membranes, energy-trapping reactions, carbon-
fixing reactions (Calvin cycle), products of photosynthesis and
their importance to life on Earth.

31
 Cell cycle and cell divisions: phases of the cell cycle (G0, G1, S, G, M),
phases and significance of amitosis, mitosis, meiosis, morphology of
chromosomes and karyotypes.
Levels of organisation beyond the cell (cell, tissue, organ, and organ-
system, position of viruses in the living world.
3. Introduction to human anatomy and physiology (7 weeks = 28 L +28 practical
hours)
Embryology.
General histology.
Basic architectural plan of the human body.
Introduction to human physiology.

This course has been designed to be taught as two ( one-hour duration ) lectures and
one( 3-hours duration) practical per week for 16 weeks.

Examinations:
One 3-hour theory paper and one 3-hour practical examination at the end of the
academic semester.

32
 HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY COURSE
Course Description
Human physiology provides students with a basic knowledge of the body's
function in order to understand the abnormal changes that occur in disease state. The
courses illustrate the mechanisms that control the various systems and their
interaction with each other. Physiology is the corner stone and fundamental requisite
for clinical studies & clinical practical.
Timing:
Semester 2, 3 and 4
General Objectives:
 The student should learn the principles, which govern the various functions of
the body.
 The course considers the functions of cells, tissues and organ systems.
 Emphasis shall be given to control mechanisms and their disturbances in
disease.
Methods of Teaching and Learning:
1. Lectures.
2. Seminars and students presentations.
3. Discussion groups (Tutorial and Problem-solving sessions)
4. Practical sessions: Students watch and perform practical experiments.
5. Assignments.
Methods of Assessment:
a. Written examinations
i- Single best answer questions.
ii- Short structured questions
iii- MCQs

iv- Essays & short notes.

b. Practical examination in form of Objective structured practical

examination(OSPE)
c. Oral examinations.
d. Continuous assessment
Continuous evaluation through ongoing assignments, class tests, student
presentations during each semester (2, 3, and 4).

33
 Semester 2
Course Title: Physiology1 (Physiology: Introduction, blood, excitable tissues and
autonomic nervous system)
Course Code: PHY121
Contact hours: 162
Credit hours:8
Objectives:
(1) Introduction to Human Physiology
Objectives: At conclusion of the study of this course the student is expected
to be able to outline:
a) The concept of homeostasis as a basic principle in the appreciation of
whole body function.
b) Basic information about body composition and body fluids in order to
explain disturbances in normal functions such as oedema and
dehydration.
c) The principle of a control system in the regulation of body functions.

Contents:
1) The internal environment and homeostasis.
2) Composition of the human body.
3) Body fluids, total body water, distribution of body water, body
compartments (ECF, ICF).
4) Measurement of body fluids.
5) Mechanism of body fluid exchange at capillaries.
6) Transport mechanism at cell membranes, resting membrane potential, and
action potential.
7) Control mechanisms and control systems.
8) Regulation of body temperature, energy metabolism, basal metabolic rate.
9) Cell physiology: intracellular functional mechanism
10) Basal metabolic rate.

Practical Sessions:
1- Units and concentrations
2- Body temperature
3-Assessment of environment temperature.
4- BASAL METABOLIC RATE & METABOLIC RATE.

(2) The Blood

Objectives: At the end of this course the student should be able to outline the:
a) Functions of the blood.
b) Blood cell formation, their morphology and to understand failure of
formation, i.e. anaemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia or leukaemia.
c) Immunity.
d) Blood groups and their importance in clinical practice e.g. blood
transfusion.
e) Processes involved in the arrest of bleeding in order to understand and to
detect bleeding disorders such as excessive bleeding states.

34
 Contents:
1) Functions of the blood, composition of the blood, sites of formation
(haemopoiesis).
2) Erythrocytes (R.B.C.); structure, composition, functions, erythropoiesis,
hormonal control of erythropoiesis, polycythaemia.
3) Iron metabolism, sources, transport, storage, and excretion.
4) Haemoglobin; structure, types, functions, breakdown.
5) Anaemias; deficiency anaemias, haemolytic anaemia, aplastic anaemia.
6) Leucocytes: classification, formation (leucopoiesis).
a) Granulocytes
 Functions of neutrophils, functions of eosinophils, functions of
basophils.
b) Agranulocytes
 Monocytes, functions.
 Lymphocytes; types, formation (lymphopoiesis) functions of B.
lymphocytes, functions of T. lymphocytes.
7) Immune system; immune responses, immune mechanism (cellular factors,
humoral factors).
8) Blood groups; ABO system, rhesus system, blood transfusion.
9) Haemostasis; platelets, clotting mechanism, anticoagulants, fibrinolytic
system.
Practical Sessions:
1- Blood Collection
2- Packed Cell Volume
3- Hemoglobin estimation
4- RBCs count
5-Derived Value
A. MCV
B. MCH
C. MCHC
6- WBCs count
A. Total
B. Differential count
7-Blood Groups
8- Hemostasis
A. Bleeding time
B. Whole Blood Coagulation Time Test
9- Erthrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).
10-Red blood cell fragility

(3) Excitable Tissues

Objectives:
At the end of this course the student should be able to describe the types of
response of muscles and nerves to the various types of stimuli.
Contents:
1) Skeletal muscles (striated muscles);
 Structure, functions.
 Contractile process (sliding theory, cross-bridge theory).
 Excitation-contraction coupling.

35
  Neuromuscular transmission, neuromuscular blockers.
 Muscle energy, ATP, phosphocreatine.
 Mechanical responses; muscle twitch, tetanus.
 Types of muscle fibres, motor units, types of motor units, functions.
 Electrical muscle activity (EMG).
2) Smooth muscle; (non-striated muscles).
 Structure, resting membrane potential and action potential.
3) Nerve transmission and reflexes.

Practical Sessions:
1. Muscle twitch & Nerve conduction Study
(4) Autonomic Nervous System
Objectives: On completion of this study the student should be able to
describe:
a) The anatomical and functional distribution of sympathetic and
parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic system.
b) The chemical transmission and types of autonomic receptors in order to
understand the use of drugs in disease states e.g. tachycardia.
c) The role of the autonomic system in preparing the body to meet conditions
of stress and relaxation (vegetative functions).
Contents:
1) General considerations of the nervous system.
2) Divisions of the autonomic system.
3) Sympathetic system; origin, neurotransmitters, adrenergic receptors,
adrenergic actions.
4) Parasympathetic system; origin, neurotransmitters, types of receptors,
cholinergic receptors, actions.
5) Higher control of autonomic functions.

36
 Semester 3
Course Title: Physiology2 (Cardiovascular system & respiratory system
physiology, digestive and renal physiology)
Course Code: PHY212
Contact hours: 243
Credit hours: 8

Cardiovascular System
Objectives: On completion of this course, the student should be able to
describe:
a) Properties of heart muscle and the electrical events in the heart.
b) Events of the cardiac cycle, origin of the heart sounds.
c) Cardiac output, mechanism of regulation and measurements.
d) The relations between pressure, flow and peripheral resistance in order to
explain pathophysiology of blood pressure abnormalities.
Contents:
1) Properties of cardiac muscle; contractility, rhythmicity, excitability and
conductivity. The normal electrocardiogram (ECG).
2) Cardiac cycle; pressure volume change, electrical events and heart sounds.
3) Cardiac output; measurement and control, heart rate, stroke volume,.
4) Arterial blood pressure; measurement and regulation.
5) Applied physiology; shock, heart failure.
6) Circulation through special organs.
Practical Sessions:

1. Automacity and conductivity of the frog’s heart.

2. Properties of the mammalian heart.
3. Clinical examination of the CVS.
4. Measurement of arterial blood pressure.
5. 5- ECG.
6. Video films (CD) electrical and mechanical events in the heart
The Respiratory System
Objectives: On completion of the study of this system, the student should be
able to describe:
e) The process of ventilation with respect to mechanics of breathing and lung
compliance.
f) Gas exchange at the alveolar capillary membrane.
g) Mechanism of transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood and tissue
fluids.
h) Control of breathing in normal steady states.
Contents:
1) Functions of respiratory system:
a) Respiratory functions.

37
 b) Non-respiratory functions.
2) Ventilation; static lung volumes and capacities, respiratory airway
resistance measurement, mechanics of breathing, lung compliance.
3) Dead space (anatomical and physiological) measurement. Alveolar
ventilation rate.
4) Gas exchange; alveolar capillary membrane, factors affecting gas
exchange , physical properties of gases, partial pressure of gases,
ventilation/perfusion ratio, diffusion capacity of respiratory membrane
(O2, CO2).
5) Gas transport; transport of oxygen, oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation
curve, transport of carbon dioxide, hypoxia, hyper capnoea, cyanosis.
6) Control of breathing; nervous control, chemical control.
7) Role of respiratory system in acid base balance.

Practical Sessions:

A. Lung Volumes and Capacities

B. Pulmonary Function tests
C.Clinical examination of the respiratory system & lungs.
D.Measurement of Lung volume & lung capacities.
E.Assessment of Airway resistance: FEV1, FVC, PEFR.
Nutrition and Metabolism
Objectives: On completion of the course the student should be able to
describe:
i) The basic requirement of food.
j) The function of nutrients.
k) Concept of metabolic rate.
l) Manifestation of under-nutrition.
Contents:
1) Physiology of feeding.
2) Classification of foods.
3) Nutritional requirements of different age groups.
4) Energy requirements.
5) Nutrition in physiological stress, adolescence, pregnancy.
6) Nutrition during disease and after recovery.
7) Assessment of nutritional status and body measurements (anthropometry).
8) Energy metabolism, metabolic homeostasis.
Gastrointestinal Physiology
Objectives: At the end of the course, the student should be able to describe
the:
m) Functions of different parts of the gastrointestinal system.
n) Movement in the gastrointestinal system and how it is controlled.
o) Mechanisms which control secretions from the salivary glands, stomach,
pancreas, gallbladder and small intestine.
Contents:
1) Introduction, anatomical consideration, functions of gastrointestinal tract,
control of functions, enteric system, autonomic system, gastrointestinal
hormones.
2) Mastication, saliva, swallowing, salivary composition, functions and
control of secretion.

38
 3) Stomach, gastric juice, composition, functions, control of secretion,
absorption, motility, gastric emptying, vomiting.
4) Pancreas, exocrine pancreas, composition of pancreatic secretions,
functions of pancreatic juice, control of secretions, secretin, CCK-PZ,
V.I.P.
5) Biliary system; bile composition, functions, formation and control of
secretion, liver functions, jaundice.
6) Intestinal secretions, composition, functions, control of secretion, intestinal
motility, types and control of motility.
7) The colon; function (secretion, absorption), motility, defaecation.
Practical sessions:
Gut motility in vitro.

(5) The Kidney

Objectives: At the end of this study the student should be able to describe:
a) The process of filtration and its control.
b) The function of the renal tubules in order to explain disturbances in renal
tubular function.
c) The renal mechanisms in the regulation of blood pH and water and
electrolytes.
Contents:
1) Introduction;
 Anatomical considerations, nephron, renal circulation.
 Functions of the kidney (homeostasis).
2) Glomerular function; glomerular filtration, glomerular filtration rate
(GFR), measurement of GFR, control of GFR.
3) Renal clearance.
4) Functions of renal tubule; tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion.
5) Mechanism of concentration of urine, counter current exchange system,
counter current multiplier system.
6) Renal acid-base regulation; handling of bicarbonate and hydrogen ions.
7) Regulation of blood pH.
8) Disturbances of acid-base balance:
 Metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis.
 Respiratory alkalosis, respiratory acidosis.
9) Mechanism of acid base regulation;
 Blood buffers.
 Respiratory mechanisms: respiratory response to change in pH.
 Renal mechanisms: renal response to change in pH.
10) Micturition.
Practical Sessions:

1. Measurement of GFR
2. Water and Diuretics
3. Diuresis.
4.Clearance.
5.Problem in renal failure.
6.Problem on acid base disturbances.

39
 Semester 4
Course Title: Physiology3 (Endocrinology, reproductive system, nervous system)
Course Code: PHY223
Contact hours: 243
Credit hours: 8
The Endocrine System
Objectives: On completion of the course the student should be able to describe
the:
d) Hypothalamic-hypophyseal control system in the regulation of endocrine
glands.
e) Mechanisms of action of hormones secreted from various endocrine
glands.
f) Pathophysiology of abnormalities in endocrine functions.

Contents:
1) Introduction:
 Endocrine glands; definition, anatomical considerations.
 Hormones; definition, functions and actions, receptors & intracellular
mechanisms.
 Hypothalamus-pituitary axis (hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis),
hypothalamus releasing factors (hormones).
2) The anterior pituitary hormones:
 Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone
(ACTH), gonadotrophic hormones (FSH, LH), growth hormone (GH),
prolactin.
3) The posterior pituitary gland:
 Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); functions, control of secretion.
 Oxytocin; actions, control of secretion.
4) Thyroid gland:
 Thyroid hormones (T4, T3); synthesis and transport, control of
secretion, actions of thyroid hormones.
 Abnormal thyroid function; goitre, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism.
5) The parathyroid gland:
 Parathyroid hormone (PTH).
 Calcitonin.
 Regulation of serum calcium level (PTH, calcitonin, vitamin D).
 Hypoparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism.
6) Endocrine pancreas: insulin, glucagon, somatostatin.
 Regulation of blood glucose.
 Hyperglycaemia, ketoacidosis, hypoglycaemia.
7) Adrenal gland:
 Adrenal cortex hormones; mineralocorticoids (aldosterone),
glucocorticoids (cortisol), androgens: actions, control of secretion.
 Effects of hypersecretion (Conn's disease, Cushing's disease).
 Hyposecretion (Addison's disease).

40
  Adrenal medulla; catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline):
control of secretion, abnormal secretion.
8) Reproduction: sexual development:
 The male reproductive system, spermatogenesis, testosterone: actions,
control of secretion.
 The female reproductive system, ovary (oogenesis) oestrogens,
progesterone; actions and control of secretion.
 Gonadotrophic hormones, menstrual cycle, puberty.
 Pregnancy, physiological adaptation, placenta, hormones.
 Parturition, labour stages.
Mammary glands, lactation, colostrums, milk.
Practical Sessions:

1. Clinical demonstration of endocrine abnormalities.

2. Problems of thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism.
3. Vidio tape on Cushing, Acromegaly, hypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus.
4. Pregnancy test.
(6) The Nervous System and Special Senses
Objectives: At the end of this study the student should be able to describe:
a) Organisation of the nervous system.
b) Sensory functions of the nervous system.
c) Mechanisms of somatic and visceral sensations in relation to pain
sensation in general and to oro-facial pain.
d) Regulation of movement at spinal and at supraspinal levels.
e) Visual pathway and abnormalities of visual field.
f) Properties of sound, mechanism of hearing and perception of sound.

Contents:
1) Anatomical consideration and functional organisation of the nervous
system.
2) Cells of the nervous system.
3) Neurons; function and electrical properties.
4) Synaptic transmission.
5) The sensory system; receptors and their properties, sensory neurons
(types), somatic sensations, sensory pathways (spinothalamic and posterior
column tracts), physiology of pain, oro-facial pain.
6) The motor system; motor neurons (types), spinal reflexes, supraspinal
pathways, pyramidal and extra-pyramidal pathways, supraspinal
organisation of movement i.e. cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and
cerebellum.
7) Higher cortical functions; reticular formation, sleep.
8) Vision; anatomy of the eye, accommodation, visual pathway, colour
vision.
9) Hearing; anatomy of the ear (external ear, middle ear, inner ear, vestibular
apparatus), auditory pathway, vestibular function.
10) Taste and smell; anatomy, gustatory pathway, smell pathway, functions of
taste and smell.
Practical Sessions:

1. Examination of sensory system

41
 2. Examination of motor system
3. Vision test
4. Hearing test
Clinical/Practical sessions:
Oedema
Fluid chart
Intravenous fluid in the body compartment
Lung function test( Asthma)
BP/heart sound / ECG
Renal function test
Pregnancy test
Nerve & muscle preparation & single muscle twitch.
Measurement of nerve conduction and EMG.
Sensory system & motor system.
Vision.
Auditory system.
EEG…………………….

42
 ANATOMY CURRICULUM
Timing:
Semester 2, 3 and 4
Course description
Human Anatomy
This course offers a basic understanding of the structures and functions of the
human body as it relates to the practice of medicine. By using surface, radiological
,clinical and practical anatomy, students may acquire a three-dimensional
understanding of structural relationships in the living body. Students, working in
groups of four, dissect the major structures of the body. Prosections and
demonstration specimens are provided for amplification and clarification of adult
anatomy. The laboratory work is further supplemented by sessions in which
radiological techniques are used to illustrate parts of the bony skeleton, as well as the
thoracic and abdominopelvic viscera. Videos that illustrate the anatomy of selected
regions of the body are available for repetitive viewing by students.
Lectures by faculty stress the more important aspects of anatomy, especially as they
relate to the practice of medicine.
Developmental anatomy and Embryology
This course is organized primarily by organ system, covering embryologic
development from ovulation through birth.
General objectives of anatomy course
By the end of each course the student should be able to :
- Know the anatomical terms of each region of the body with the histological
and embryological terms .
- Name the bones which form the framwark of the regions .
- Question about why pain from some areas refer to another areas .
- Suggest the suitable solves to learn the body’s tissues .
- Debate the congenital anamolies of the embryo or the fetus , even after birth .
- Divide the region into parts .
- Describe the anatomical relations of the structures in each part .
- State the course, relations and terminations of the nerves and vessels .
- Identify the site of fractures .
- Solve some clinical problems those occur in the region of study .

43
 - Discriminate among types of movements .
- Know the types of body tissue with their sites function and shapes .
- Know the gamitogenesis , female cycles , all the stages of embryonic and fetal
periods until the birth .
- Compare among the embryonic stages .
- Demonstrate affections those happened in the region when there is injury of
nerves or vessels .
- Show the structures in the cadavers and – if possible in living bodes.
- Make full dissection to each part of the target region .
- Expose the muscles , nerves and vessels as well as if any target structures
during disction .
- Modify anatomical problems to the effected structure with their relations . to
anatomical view .
- Measure the distance between some important anatomical fesures to elist the
surface anatomy .
- Use the microscope to identify the body tissues components .
- Illustrate monitoring of the embryonic stages .
- Select suitable regions to illustrate the joints problems .
- Justify why infections happen in area passes to another area .
- Argue the clinical problems from anatomical view .
Control his ability to palpate some vessels , nerves and lymph nodes in some areas in
the body .
The Syllabus :
Each course has its syllabus in some details but generally the syllabus consist of :
- Terminology and introduction to each body region .
- Surface and living anatomy of each system of the regions .
- Histology : in semester two the student study the general histology and the cell
structures . In the following semesters the student study especial histology
related to each region .
- Embryology : In semester two the student study gamitogenesis , female cycles
fertilization embryonic period embryonic fetal period membranes and twins .
In the other semesters the student study the especial embryology of the target
or system.
Teaching and learning methods:

44
lectures , seminars assignments , group discussions practical in discussion room and
histology lab .
PRACTICAL
1. All practicals are station-based, in which students are divided into groups of
15 – 20 depending on the number of the stations.
2. The student is given a practical sheet including the objective of each practical
with the steps he/she has to do. At the end of the practical he/she has to answer
the revision questions to augment his/her knowledge.
3. The student keeps the sheets for future use and revision.
4. Each region or system has a coordinator who prepares the practical for the
students.
5. Each group of students is supervised by a staff member.

SEMINARS

Small group discussion is an essential part of the teaching. Student will have a
clinically oriented case beforehand (10 days earlier). They have to prepare for the
seminar by reading or looking for information in the internet. Students present the
case which will be supervised and discussed by a staff member.

Methods of Assessment:
a. Written examinations
i- Single best answer questions.
ii- Short structured questions and problem solving.
iii- MCQs
iv- Essays & short notes.

b. Practical examination in form of Objective structured practical examination

(OSPE).
c. Oral examinations.
d. Continuous assessment
-Continuous evaluation through ongoing assignments, class tests, student
presentations during each semester.

Resources : lecture theatres, discussion rooms, (cadavers), museum, manikins,

microscopes , computers and projectors .

45
 Semester 2
Course Title: Anatomy1 (Upper Limb, Lower Limb, General Histology &
General Embryology)
Course Code: ANA121
Contact hours: 228
Credit hours: 9

Objectives:
By the end of the course the student should be able to:
1. Describe the anatomical structure of the human skeleton (bones, joints,
ligaments and Muscles) of the upper limb and connect that with its function.
2. Describe the structure of human skeleton (bones, muscles, ligaments and
joints) of the Lower limb and connect that with its function.
3. Describe the development and congenital anomalies of the skin and upper
limb.
4. Describe the macro- and microscopic anatomy of the skin and breast.
5. Describe the various histological parts of nerves, muscles, epithelial and
connective tissues.
6. Explain the production of sperms and ova.
7. Explain the normal developmental stages of the fertilized ovum up to time of
delivery.
8. Explain the ovarian and menstrual cycle and its relationship to hormones,
pregnancy.
Course contents:
The course covers the following subjects
1. Terminology and Introduction to the human body
2. Upper limb: muscles, bones, joints, ligaments, nerves, blood and lymphatic
vessels, connective tissues.
3. Living (surface) anatomy of the upper limb
4. Lower limb: muscles, bones, joints, ligaments, nerves, blood and lymphatic
vessels, connective tissue.
5. Living and imaging anatomy of the lower limb

46
 6. Anatomy of the skin
7. General histology( epithelial, connective, muscular, nerves tissues )
8. Histology of the skin
9. The breast tissues
10. General Embryology: genital organs, spermatogenesis, menstrual cycle
,ovulation, fertilization, embryonic and fetal periods ,placenta, and fetal
membranes.
Educational Methods:
Lectures, seminars, student presentations, small group discussions, audit seminars,
assignments, practical sessions both in Dissection Room and histology lab.

Methods of Assessment:
a. Written examinations
i- Single best answer questions.
ii- Short structured questions and problem solving.
iii- MCQs
iv- Essays & short notes.

b. Practical examination in form of Objective structured practical examination

(OSPE).
c. Oral examinations.
d. Continuous assessment
-Continuous evaluation through ongoing assignments, class tests, student
presentations during the semester
Resources:
Lecture theatre, Dissection room, Cadavers and manikins, Microscopes, Computers
and Projectors.

47
 Semester 3
Course Title: Anatomy2 (thorax, abdomen , pelvis and perineum , Special
Histology & Embryology)
Course Code: ANA212
Contact hours: 342
Credit hours: 9

Objectives:
By the end of this course the student will be able to:
1. Describe the anatomical structure of the thoracic wall, bones, muscle, joints
and ligaments.
2. Describe the internal structures of the chest : heart, lungs, mediastinum,
oesophagus and diaphragm.
3. Explain the development and congenital anomalies of trachea, bronchi and
lungs.
4. Describe the microscopic and macroscopic anatomy of trachea, bronchi and
lungs.
5. Describe the surface (living) anatomy of the thorax.
6. Describe the macro and microscopic anatomy of blood vessels and the heart.
7. Explain the development and congenital anomalies of blood vessels and the
heart.
8. Describe the anatomy of the abdominal walls and gastrointestinal tract.
9. Explain the development and congenital anomalies of the abdominal wall and
gastrointestinal tract.
10. Describe the macro and microscopic anatomy of the urinary system.
11. Explain the development and congenital anomalies of the urinary system.
12. Describe the macro and microscopic anatomy of the male and female
reproductive system.
13. Explain the development and congenital anomalies of the male and female
reproductive system.
Course contents:

48
 1. Thorax: muscles, bones, joints, ligaments, nerves, blood and lymphatic
vessels, connective tissue.
2. Heart
3. Lungs and bronchial structures.
4. Diaphragm
5. Living anatomy of the cardiovascular system
6. Living anatomy of the respiratory system
7. Development and congenital anomalies of the cardiovascular system
8. Histology of the cardiovascular system
9. Development and congenital anomalies of the respiratory system
10. Histology of the respiratory system
11. Abdomen: gross anatomy of the walls and abdominal organs.
12. Clinical anatomy of the abdomen and alimentary system and the pelvis= Can
be transferred to semester 7 Applied Anatomy
13. Clinical anatomy of the urinary system = Can be transferred to semester 7
Applied Anatomy
14. Histology of the gastrointestinal tract: oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus,
stomach, duodenum, small and large intestine, rectum and anus , besides:
liver, pancreas, spleen and gall bladder
15. Development and congenital anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract, liver,
pancreas, spleen and gall bladder
16. Histology of the urinary system
17. Development and congenital anomalies of the urinary system
18. Histology of the male and female reproductive system
19. Development and congenital anomalies of the male and female reproductive
system.
20. Histology of the lymphatic system.
Educational Methods:
Lectures, seminars, student presentations, small group discussions, audit seminars,
assignments, practical sessions both in Dissection Room and histology lab.
Methods of Assessment:
a. Written examinations
i- Single best answer questions.
ii- Short structured questions and problem solving.

49
 iii- MCQs
iv- Essays & short notes.

b. Practical examination in form of Objective structured practical examination

(OSPE).
c. Oral examinations.
d. Continuous assessment
-Continuous evaluation through ongoing assignments, class tests, student
presentations during the semester
Resources:
Lecture theatre, Dissection room, Cadavers and manikins, Microscopes, Computers and
Projectors.

50
 Semester 4
Course Title: Anatomy3 (Head &Neck, Neuroanatomy, Endocrine glands,
Special Histology & Embryology)
Course Code: ANA223
Contact hours: 342
Credit hours: 9
Objectives:
By the end of the course the student will be able to:
1. Describe the anatomical structure of the meninges, brain, spinal cord and
connect them with their functions.
2. Describe the main contents of the peripheral nervous system, cranial
nerves, plexuses, and the autonomic nervous system.
3. Describe the microscopic unit of the central nervous system.
4. Describe the development and congenital anomalies in the central nervous
system.
5. Histology and development and congenital anomalies of the endocrine
glands.
6. Describe the anatomical structure of the endocrine glands.
7. Describe the structures of the head and neck.
The Syllabus:
1. Head and neck
2. Living anatomy of the head and neck
3. Histology of the upper respiratory system (nasal cavity, larynx and trachea)
4. Development and congenital anomalies of the upper respiratory system (nasal
cavity, larynx and trachea)
5. Histology of the lips, mouth, oral cavity and pharynx
6. Development and congenital anomalies of the lips, mouth, oral cavity and
pharynx
7. Neuroanatomy (brain and spinal cord )
8. Anatomy of the endocrine glands

51
 9. Histology of the endocrine glands
10. Development and congenital anomalies of the endocrine glands
11. The sense organs

Educational Methods:
Lectures, seminars, student presentations, small group discussions, audit seminars,
assignments, practical sessions both in Dissection Room and histology lab.
Clinical / practical sessions:
- x-rays and ultrasonogrphy
- fractures
- congenital anomalies
- Methods of Assessment:
- a. Written examinations
- i- Single best answer questions.
- ii- Short structured questions and problem solving.
- iii- MCQs
- iv- Essays & short notes.

- b. Practical examination in form of Objective structured practical examination

(OSPE).
- c. Oral examinations.
- d. Continuous assessment
- -Continuous evaluation through ongoing assignments, class tests, student
presentations during each semester
- Resources:
Lecture theatre, Dissection room, Cadavers and manikins, Microscopes, Computers
and Projectors.

52
 BIOCHEMISTRY CURRICULUM

Biochemistry
Course description

This course is designed to introduce students to the fundamentals of modern

biochemistry as applied to medicine. The course covers topics such as the nature and
properties of enzymes; bioenergetics and the metabolism of carbohydrates and
nitrogen compounds; lipids and hormones; and storage, transmission and expression
of genetic information. Particular emphasis is placed on those aspects of biochemistry
relevant to medical problems.
Objectives:
By completion of the biochemistry syllabus, in three semesters, the student will be
able to:
1. Recognize the fundamentals and use the concepts of biochemistry for a better
understanding of the normal and abnormal biochemical changes in the human
body, and to apply this knowledge in his/her professional practice.
2. Be familiar with the various patterns of genetic disease and their mode of
inheritance and to the newer aspects of recombinant DNA studies and their
impact on the development of medicine.
3. Perform the common biochemical laboratory tests, including the bedside tests
as well as modern biochemical techniques.
4. Behave professionally and with responsibility in the laboratory and with the
biochemical reagents, and deals properly with laboratory hazards.
Methods of Teaching and Learning:
1. lectures .
2. Seminars.
3. Discussion groups (Tutorial and biochemical Problem-solving sessions).
4. Practical sessions:
a. Students watch practical experiments.
b. Students perform practical experiments.
5. Student Presentations .
6. Assignments

53
Methods of Assessment
Methods of Assessment:
a. Written examinations
i- Single best answer questions.
ii- Short structured questions and problem solving.
iii- MCQs
iv- Essays & short notes.

b. Practical examination.
c. Oral examinations.
d. Continuous assessment
-Continuous evaluation through ongoing assignments, class tests, student
presentations during each semester

54
 Semester 2
Course Title: Biochemistry1
Course Code: BIO 121
Contact hours: 162
Credit hours: 8
I. BIOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES (3 LECTURES):
Objectives:
The student should be familiar with the principles and applications of
biochemical techniques.
Content:
1. Dialysis
2. Centrifugation.
3. Chromatography.
4. Electrophoresis.
5. Gel filtration.
6. Colorimetry and spectrophotometry.
7. Isotopes.
II. CELL CONSTITUENTS AND METABOLISM:

1. The cell – an overall view:

Objectives:
The student is introduced to the relation between structure of cell
organelles and their function.
Content (2L):
1. Cell structure from electron microscopy.
2. Organelles and their function.
3. Sub-cellular fractionation.
4. Carbohydrates and lipids as source of energy.
5. Flow of genetic information – Nucleus to ribosomes.
2. Carbohydrate and Lipid Chemistry:
Objectives:
The student should be familiar with the chemical structures of
carbohydrates and lipids in relation to their digestion and metabolism.
Content (5 L):
A. Carbohydrates:
1. Trioses, tetroses, pentoses, hexoses.
2. Aldoses, ketoses.
3. Isomerism and cyclic structures.
4. Reducing and non-reducing sugars and their derivatives.
5. Mono-, di-, oligo- and poly-saccharides.
6. Complex carbohydrates; e.g. glucoseamine and
galactoseamine.

B. Lipids:
1. Definition, properties, reactions.
2. Classification.
3. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.
4. Prostaglandins.
5. Steroids.

55
 C. Cell membrane:
1. Composition and organization.
2. Models of structure.

3. Protein chemistry (5 L):

Objectives:
A student shall be able to:
1. Understand the structural elements of protein confirmation
2. Analyze the interactions of proteins with small molecules.
3. Describe the different levels of protein structure and relate
this to their biological function.
Content:
1. Amino acids and the peptide bond.
2. Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure.
3. Types of proteins; enzymes, hormones, structural carriers...
etc.; complex proteins (metalloproteins, glycoproteins,
lipoproteins)
4. Myoglobin structure and function.
5. Haemoglobin structure and function.
6. HbS, a molecular disease.

4. Enzymes (4 L):
Objectives:
A student should be able to:
1. appreciate the specificity and catalytic power of enzymes.
2. understand the mechanisms through which enzymes act.
3. identify factors that affect their activity.
4. describe the nature of enzyme catalysis as the basis of
biochemical transformations of cellular substances.
5. explain the relationship between the properties of enzymes
and their biochemical or physiological role.
6. explain how quantitative assay of selected enzyme activity
in blood and other body fluids can assist in the diagnosis
and treatment of disease.
Content:
1. Structure of enzymes.
2. Catalytic properties; specificity.
3. Mechalis-Menten kinetics.
4. Competitive and non-competitive inhibition.
5. Allosteric enzymes.
6. Mechanism of action e.g. lysozyme and carboxypeptidase.

5. Vitamins and Coenzymes (4 L):

Objective:
The student should be able to:
1. Recognize the chemical structure of all vitamins but recall
only the important ones.
2. Interpret some nutritional diseases on metabolic basis.
Content:
I. Water soluble vitamins:

56
 1. B group vitamins (B1, B2, B6, B12) Nicotinic acid, Folate,
Biotin, Pantothenic acid.
2. Vitamin C.
II. Fat soluble vitamins:
1. Vitamin A, D, E, K.
III. Coenzymes.

6. Nucleic acids, Genes, Chromatin, Chromosomes (3 L):

Objectives:
The student should:
1. Learn enough about the structure of DNA and its
replication to appreciate the molecular structure of a gene
and the relationship of genes to chromosomes.
2. Be acquainted with tRNA, rRNA and mRNA.
3. Know the mechanism of anticancer drugs action.
4. Be able to explain how deficiencies in folate can lead to
megaloblastic anaemia.
5. Be able to determine the mechanism of anti-gout drugs.
Content:
1. bases (ATGC), deoxyribose, polydeoxyribonucleotide
chains. Hydrogen bonding, base pairing double structure of
DNA, histones.
2. the gene, chromatids, chromosomes.
3. outline of DNA replication.
4. mRNA and its formation.
5. codons and the transfer of information tRNA, rRNA,
mRNA.
6. anticodons and the structure of tRNA.

7. Digestion and absorption of foodstuffs (2 L):

Objectives:
The student should be:
1. familiar with the mechanisms that enable an organism to
breakdown naturally occurring food stuffs into
assimilatable forms which can be absorbed by G.I.T.
Content:
1. Saliva.
2. Gastric constituents.
3. Pancreatic and intestinal digestion.
4. Bile.
5. Absorption of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids.
6. Intestinal flora.
♦ Biochemical Problems .
♦Practical sessions .

57
 Semester 3
Course Title: Biochemistry2
Course Code: BIO 212
Contact hours: 162
Credit hours: 8
Carbohydrate Metabolism (12 L):
Objectives:
The student should:
1. become acquainted with the mechanisms of energy
production and storage in the body. This involves
knowledge and recall of the main pathways in carbohydrate
metabolism and their control.
2. interpret the role of carbohydrates in normal and some
selected diseases.
3. study the inborn errors of metabolism.
4. appreciate how the body can get fuel under different
conditions.
Content:
1. Glycolysis (anaerobic and aerobic).
2. Oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA.
3. Regulation of glycolysis.
4. Citric acid cycle.
5. Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
6. Glycogenesis and its regulation.
7. Glycogenolysis and its regulation.
8. Pentose phosphate pathway.
9. Gluconeogenesis.

Lipid Metabolism (5 L):

Objectives:
The student should be able to:
1. appreciate the significance of the pathways of fatty acid
oxidation and synthesis.
2. to discuss lipid transport.
3. to know the metabolism of triacylglycerols, fat mobilization
and ketogenesis.
4. appreciate the key role of acetyl CoA in metabolism with
emphasis on the interrelationship of lipid and carbohydrate
metabolism.
Content:
1. Fatty acid oxidation (beta-oxidation).
2. Fatty acid synthesis.
3. Lipid transport.
4. Metabolism of triacylglycerols.

58
 5. Function of adipose tissue.
6. Ketogenesis – ketosis.
7. Introduction to cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism.
8. Outline of metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids and
prostaglandins.
9. Outline of inborn errors of carbohydrate and lipid
metabolism.
Amino acid Metabolism (6 L):
Objectives:
The student should be able to:
1. appreciate the normal interconversion of amino acids in
the formation of urea, creatinine and NH4+ for excretion.
2. clearly understand the relationship between carbohydrate
and amino acid metabolism.
3. consider mechanisms by which amino acids are utilized
for energy.
4. show the importance of production of urea and disorders
related to its production and excretion.
5. study the specialized products of amino acids.
Content:
1. Deamination processes.
2. Pyridoxal phosphate and transamination.
3. The glucose-alanine (Corie) cycle.
4. Glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids.
5. Ammonia production in the kidney.
6. Urea cycle.
7. Creatine, creatine phosphate and creatinine.
8. Metabolism of phenylalanine.
9. Synthesis of adrenaline (epinephrine), thyroxine, and
melanin.
10. Histamine, serotonin, GABA.
11. Essential and non-essential amino acids.
12. Nitrogen balance and Protein dynamic equilibrium.
13. Protein-energy malnutrition.

Nucleic Acids and Protein Biosynthesis (12 L):

Objectives:
The student should:
1. Know the detailed mechanism for protein synthesis at the ribosome
and understand the mechanism of the triplet codon.
2. Be acquainted with the method of production of secretory proteins.
3. Be familiar with post-translational modification of proteins.
Content:
1. The pyrimidine and purine metabolism and disorders.
2. AUGC, polynucleotides and the genetic code.
3. mRNA as carrier of coded information.
4. tRNA and activation of amino acids.
5. Protein synthesis.
6. Secretory proteins.
7. Post-ribosomal modification of proteins.

59
Introduction to the Biochemistry of Blood (4 L):
Objectives:
The students should:
1. Be familiar with the components of blood
2. Appreciate the difference between plasma and serum.
3. Be acquainted with the electrophoretic separation of serum proteins
and its fractions.
4. Have outline knowledge of haem synthesis and breakdown.
Content:
1. Functions of blood and its composition.
2. Separation of blood components.
3. Electrophoresis of serum proteins.
4. Albumin.
5. Globulin fractions.
6. Immunoglobulins (briefly).
7. Blood clotting proteins (briefly).
8. Haem synthesis.
9. Catabolism of haem, bilirubin and bile pigments.
10. jaundice and hyperbilirubinaemia.

 Biochemical problems.
 Practical sessions.

60
 Semester 4
Course Title: Biochemistry3
Course Code: BIO 223
Contact hours: 162
Credit hours: 8

I. Organ and Whole body metabolism with its nutritional aspects (15 L).
Objectives:
Students should:
1. Acquire a good knowledge of the coordination and control of pathways
particularly in relation to the fed and fasting states.
2. Know the principles of control and of the origin, functions and structure of
hormones.
3. Know the fed and fasting state pathways and biochemical aspects of
starvation, diabetes mellitus and obesity.
Content:
1. Hormones. (6 L):
ii. General characteristics of hormones.
iii. The chemistry and functions of hormones.
iv. Mechanism of action.
v. Hormones and metabolic control.
2. Prostaglandins. (2 L):
Structure, metabolism, action and therapeutic functions.
3. The role of the liver and adipose tissue in body metabolism. (1 L).
4. Fructose and galactose metabolism. (1 L).
5. Hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia, G.T.T. and diabetes mellitus. (3 L).
6. Nutritional metabolic state, fed and fasting state. (1 L).
7. Obesity and exercise. (1 L).
8. Protein calorie malnutrition. (1 L).
II. Special tissue biochemistry (15 L).
Objectives:
Students should:
1. Acquire a good knowledge of tissues with special characteristics.
2. Be able to differentiate between these tissues using biochemical indicators.
Content:
1. Membranes. (2 L).
2. Immunochemistry. (3 L):
i. Structure of immunoglobulins.
ii. Electrophoretic determination of immuno-globulins.
iii. Antigen.
iv. Antigenic determination.
v. Immunopotency.
vi. Radioimmunoassay.
3. Erythrocyte metabolism. (1 L).
4. Muscle tissue. (2 L):
i. Muscle structure.

61
 ii. The proteins of muscle.
5. Neurochemistry. (3 L):
i. Introduction to correlation between function and metabolism in
brain tissues (cerebral blood flow.
ii. Effects of substrate and oxygen depletion on brain tissue.
iii. Neurotransmitters.
6. Connective tissue, bone and teeth. (1 L).
7. Mineral metabolism. (1 L).
8. Cholesterol, bile salts, bile and gallstones. (2 L).
II. Biochemical basis of inheritance and molecular genetics (20 L).
Objectives:
The student is expected to:
1. Be familiar with the various patterns of genetic disease and their mode of
inheritance.
2. Appreciate the role of DNA and RNA in the biochemical basis of inheritance.
3. Be exposed to the newer aspects of recombinant DNA studies and their impact
on the development of medicine.
Content:
1. Human genetics. (8 L):
i. Chromosomal abnormalities:
 Mitosis and meiosis.
 Chromosomal non-disjunction.
 Chromosomal translocations.
 Down’s syndrome and other important chromosomal
abnormalities.
ii. Mutations:
 Definition of a gene.
 Gene mapping.
 Nature of mutations.
 Causes of mutations
 Results of mutations.
iii. Inborn errors of metabolism:
 Mode of inheritance (Recessive, dominant, sex-linked).
 Frequency in populations.
 Inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism.
 Inborn errors of lipid metabolism.
 Inborn errors of protein metabolism.
 Porphyrias.
iv. Haemoglobinopathies:
 Structural variants of Hb.
 Thalassaemia.
2. Molecular genetics. (8 L):
i. Nucleic acids:
 Structure and function of DNA.
 Structure and function of RNA.
ii. DNA metabolism:
 Chromatin.
 Rearrangement of genetic material.
 DNA synthesis and replication.

62
III. Selected topics (15 L):
 New trends in genetics……………..etc
 Updates in other disciplines.
IV.Clinical /practical sessions :
- Cases with enzymes deficiency
- Cases with hormones disturbances (pancrease-thyroid…)
- Infants with inborn error metabolism

63
  PATHOLOGY CURRICULUM

1. DEFINITION:
Pathology is defined as the scientific study of the abnormal changes in
the structure or function of any part of the body.

2. THE DIVISIONS OF PATHOLOGY INCLUDE:

Histopathology; in which the structural changes in diseased cells and
tissues are studied and examined by microscopy (microscopic features), or by
naked eye inspection (macroscopic features).
Chemical pathology; in which the metabolic disturbances of disease are studied
and investigated by the assay of various normal and abnormal compounds.
Haematology; in which the abnormalities of blood cells and their precursors are
studied beside the haemostatic mechanism, blood groups and blood transfusion.
Clinical genetics; in which the abnormalities in chromosomes, genes and DNA
material are studied beside the study of the different clinical manifestations and usage
of these nuclear molecules.
Teaching and learning Methods:
lectures , seminars , student presentations, assignments, practical sessions in histology
labs .
Methods of Assessment:
a. Written examinations
i- Single best answer questions.
ii- Short structured questions and problem solving.
iii- MCQs
iv- Essays & short notes.

b. Practical examination
c. Oral examinations.
d. Continuous assessment
-Continuous evaluation through ongoing assignments, class tests, student
presentations during each semester
Resources: lecture theatre, Dissection room, surgical specimens and manikins,
microscopes, computers and projectors.

64
 Semester 5
Course Title: Pathology1
Course Code: PAT311
Contact hours: 180
Credit hours: 8
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

By the end of this course the student should be able to discuss and to describe the
following subjects:
 Cell injury and abnormal types of cell differentiation.
 non-neoplastic increase or decrease in the total mass of the
parenchymal cells.
 Inflammation.
 Healing and organization
 Immunopathological disorders.
 Disturbances of blood flow and body fluids.
 Miscellaneous tissue degenerations and deposits.
 The classification and general features of tumors and tumor-
like lesions.
 Ionizing radiations and their different clinical effects
 The aetiology of cancer.
 Disorders of potassium metabolism.
 Acidosis and alkalosis.
 Disorders of calcium and phosphate metabolism.
 Abnormalities of proteins in plasma and urine.
 Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism.
 Hyperlipidaemia.
 Disorders of purine and urate metabolism.
 The porphyrias.
 Inborn errors of metabolism.
 Clinical enzymology.
 Anaemias.
 Leukaemias.
 Plasma cell tumors.
 Myeloproliferative disorders and dysmyelopoietic syndromes.
 Haemorrhagic disorders.
 Blood groups and blood transfusion.
 How to do the basic haematological tests manually.
 The nature of pathological changes at the level of chromosomes
and genes in the most common genetic diseases.
 The importance of HLA system and tissue typing.
 The importance of the different molecular biological
investigations in medicine.

65
COURSE CONTENTS:
 Cell injury and abnormal cell differentiation:
 Mechanism of cell injury
 Apoptosis
 Necrosis
 Autolysis
 Heteroptia
 Metaplasia
 Dedifferentiation

 Non-neoplastic increase or decrease in the total mass of the

parenchymal cells:
 Hyperplasia
 Hypertrophy
 Hypoplasia
 Atrophy

 Inflammation:
 Definition and causes of inflammation
 Definition of acute inflammation and process of exudate
formation
 Mediators of acute inflammation
 The role of lymphatics in acute inflammation
 Effects of acute inflammation
 The macroscopic appearance of acute inflammation
 Sequels of acute inflammation
 Definition and types of chronic inflammation
 Microscopic and macroscopic features of chronic inflammation
 Granuloma formation in certain types of chronic inflammation

 Healing and Organization:

 Regeneration and the ability of different types of somatic cells
to regenerate
 Healing of skin wounds by first intention
 Healing of skin wounds by second intention
 Factors which impair healing of skin wounds
 Healing of fractures
 Healing of other tissue; e.g. cartilage, muscle, tendon, central
nervous system, peripheral nerves, kidney and liver.
 Definition of organization and examples

 Immunopathological disorders:
 Hypersensitivity reaction
 Autoimmune diseases
 Rejection of transplanted tissues
 Immunodeficiency conditions

 Disturbances of blood flow and body fluids:

 Venous congestion

66
 Pathological thrombosis
 Embolism formation and effects
 Ischaemia and infarction
 Water and salt deficiency
 Water and salt retention (Oedema)
 Shock

 Miscellaneous degenerations and deposits:

 Amyloidosis
 Haemosiderosis
 Pathological calcification

 The general features of tumors and their main types and tumor-
like lesions:
 Definition of tumor
 Differences between benign and malignant tumors
 Differentiation of malignant tumors
 Epithelial tumors (Benign and Malignant)
 Connective tissue tumors (Benign and Malignant)
 Tumors of neuroectodermal origin
 Mixed tumors
 Tumors of germinal cells and placenta
 Premalignant lesions
 Spread of cancer
 Staging and grading of cancer
 Production of some hormones and/or oncofetal protein by
certain tumors
 Tumor-like lesions and cysts

 The cell damage due to ionizing radiation:

 Types of ionizing radiation
 Cellular and tissue radiation effects

 The aetiology of cancer:

 Chemical carcinogens
 Hormones and carcinogenesis
 Physical agents and carcinogenesis; e.g. ionizing radiation and
ultraviolet radiation
 Oncogenic viruses
 Inheritance of susceptibility to cancer

 Disorders of potassium metabolism:

 Hypokalaemia
 Hyperkalaemia

 Acidosis and Alkalosis:

 Metabolic acidosis
 Metabolic alkalosis
 Respiratory acidosis

67
 Respiratory alkalosis

 Disorders of calcium and phosphate metabolism

 Hypercalcaemia
 Hypocalcaemia
 Hyperphosphataemia
 Hypophosphataemia

 Abnormalities of proteins in plasma and urine

 Hypoalbuminaemia
 Acute phase proteins
 Immunoglobulin deficiency
 Complement deficiency and hereditary angioneurotic oedema
 Alpha, antitrypsin deficiency
 Paraproteinaemia
 Electrophoretic patterns of plasma proteins in disease
 Renal proteinuria

 Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism

 Pathological lactic acidosis
 Hyperglycaemia and diabetes mellitus
 Hypoglycaemia

 Hyperlipidaemia
 Disorders of purine and urate metabolism
 Hyperuricaemia and gout
 Hypouricaemia

 The porphyrias
 Inborn errors of metabolism
 Phenylketonuria
 Cystinuria
 Wilson’s disease

 Clinical enzymology
 Anaemias
 Classification of anaemia and its general effects
 Hereditary haemolytic anaemias
 Acquired haemolytic anaemias
 Iron deficiency anaemia
 Megaloblastic anaemia
 Anaemia of chronic diseases
 Sideroblastic anaemia
 Aplastic anaemia

 Leukaemias
 Classification of leukaemia and its general effects
 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
 Acute myeloid leukaemia
 Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

68
 Chronic myeloid leukaemia
 Aetiology of leukaemia

 Plasma cell tumor

 Multiple myeloma
 Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinaemia/ Hodgkin’s lymphoma
 Myeloproliferative disorders and dysmyelopoietic syndromes
 Polycythaemia rubra vera
 Myelofibrosis
 Essential thrombocythaemia
 Dysmyelopoietic syndromes

 Haemorrhagic disorders
 Platelets disorders
 Disorders of blood vessels
 Disorders of coagulation
o Inherited disorders e.g. haemophilia A, haemophilia B and von
Willebrand’s disease
o Acquired disorders of coagulation, including D.I.C.
(disseminated intravascular coagulation and vit. K
deficiency)

 Blood groups and blood transfusion

 Blood groups and their usage in forensic medicine
 Infections that can be transmitted by blood transfusion
 Immunological reactions or disorders of blood transfusion
 Non-immunological complications of blood transfusion

 How to do basic haematological tests manually

 Test of haemoglobin level
 Count of white cells
 ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate)
 Normal and some of abnormal morphological appearances of
red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets in the
peripheral blood films
 Normal and some of abnormal morphological appearances of
bone marrow components
 Coomb’s tests and blood grouping
 Bleeding time and clotting time
 Prothrombin time (PT) and partial thrombin time (PTT)

 The nature of pathological changes at the level of chromosomes

and genes in the most common genetic diseases
 Major chromosome imbalance, e.g. Down’s syndrome and
Klinefelter’s syndrome
 Inheritance of abnormalities which include inheritance disease
 Inheritance of certain genes lead to predisposing situations
which need environmental factors to cause diseases, e.g.
acute intermittent porphyria

69
  Mutation of genes within somatic cells or their changes by
some viruses

 The importance of HLA (human leucocyte antigen) system and

tissue typing
 The importance of the different molecular biological
investigations in medicine.
Semester 6
Course Title: Pathology2
Course Code: PAT322
Contact hours: 180
Credit hours: 8
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

By the end of this course the student should be able to discuss and describe the
following subjects:
1 The pathological disorders of the blood vessels and lymphatics.
2 The pathological disorders of the heart.
3 The pathological disorders of the respiratory system.
4 The pathological disorders of the lymphoreticular tissues.
5 The pathological disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.
6 The pathological disorders of the liver, biliary tract and exocrine
pancreas.
7 The pathological disorders of the kidneys and urinary tract.
8 The pathological disorders of the male reproductive system.
9 The pathological disorders of the female reproductive system.
10 The pathological disorders of the breast.
11 The pathological disorders of the locomotor system.
12 The pathological disorders of the endocrine system.
13 The pathological disorders of the nervous system and voluntary
muscles.
14 The pathological disorders of the pathological disorders of the skin.

COURSE CONTENT:
 The pathological disorders of the blood vessels and lymphatics:
 Atherosclerosis.
 Systemic hypertension.
 Arteritis.
 Aneurysms.
 Raynaud’s disease.
 Thrombophlebitis.
 Varicose veins.
 Tumors and tumor-like lesions of blood vessels.
 Pathological disorders of lymphatic vessels.

 The pathological disorders of the heart:

 Heart failure.
 Angina pectoris and myocardial infarction.

70
  The cardiomyopathies.
 Inflammatory lesions of the heart.
 Rheumatic heart disease.
 Disorders of the heart valves.
 Congenital abnormalities of the heart.
 Pericarditis (Acute and Chronic).

 The pathological disorders of the respiratory system:

 Inflammatory conditions of the upper respiratory tract and nasal
sinuses:
 Tumors of the upper respiratory tract.
 Bronchitis (Acute and Chronic).
 Bronchial asthma.
 Bronchiectasis.
 Respiratory failure.
 Pulmonary oedema.
 Pulmonary hypertension.
 Pulmonary embolism.
 Pulmonary emphysema.
 Acute inflammatory disorders of the lung and lung abscess.
 Pulmonary tuberculosis.
 Pneumoconiosis and industrial lung diseases.
 Tumors of the lower respiratory tract and pleura.
 Pleural effusion.

 The pathological disorders of the lymphoreticular tissues:

 Splenomegaly
 Lymphadenitis (Acute and Chronic).
 Hyperplastic lymphadenopathies (Follicular and Sinus
Hyperplasia).
 Histiocytosis.
 Lymphomas.

 The pathological disorders of the alimentary tract:

 Disorders of the salivary glands.
 Disorders of the oropharynx.
 Non-neoplastic disorders of the oesophagus.
 Tumors of the oesophagus.
 Gastritis and gastric erosion.
 Peptic ulcer.
 Tumors of the stomach.
 Crohn’s disease.
 Ulcerative colitis.
 Acute appendicitis.
 Diverticular disease.
 Pathological changes of typhoid fever.
 Abdominal tuberculosis.
 Pathological changes of dysenteries.
 Pathological changes of intestinal schistosomiasis.

71
  The malabsorption syndrome.
 Intestinal obstruction.
 Tumors of the small intestine.
 Tumors of the large intestine.
 Congenital abnormalities of the intestine.
 Peritonitis (Acute and Chronic).
 Ascites.

 The pathological disorders of the liver, biliary tract and

exocrine pancreas:
 Pathological changes of viral hepatitis
 Alcoholic liver disease.
 Cirrhosis.
 Hepatic failure.
 Portal hypertension.
 Pyogenic and amoebic liver abscesses.
 Tumors of the liver.
 Gallstones and cholecystitis.
 Tumors of the biliary tract.
 Jaundice.
 Pancreatitis.
 Cystic fibrosis disease.
 Diabetes mellitus.
 Tumors of the exocrine pancreas.
 Tumors of the endocrine pancreas.
 Interpretation of liver function tests.

 The pathological disorders of the kidneys and urinary tract:

 Pathological changes and biochemical disturbances of acute
renal failure.
 Glomerulonephritis.
 Nephrotic syndrome.
 Pathological changes and biochemical disturbances of the
completely established chronic renal failure.
 The pathological changes of kidneys in certain non-localized
diseases, e.g. diabetes mellitus, gout, hypertension, disseminated lupus
erythematosus (SLE) and disseminated intravascular coagulation
(DIC).
 Predisposing factors and pathological changes of pyelonephritis
(Acute and Chronic).
 Hydronephrosis.
 Tumors of the kidneys and urinary tract.
 Congenital abnormalities of the kidneys and urinary tract.
 Interpretation of the renal function tests.
 How to do the urine general test manually.

 The pathological disorders of the male reproductive system:

 Pathological disorders of the penis, urethra and scrotum.
 Pathological disorders of the prostate.

72
 Non-neoplastic disorders of the testis and epididymis.
 Tumors of the testis.
 Infertility in male.

 The pathological disorders of the female reproductive system:

 Tumors of the vulva and vagina.
 Malignant tumors of the cervix.
 Endometritis.
 Endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial polyps.
 Hydatidiform mole.
 Malignant tumors of the endometrium.
 Endometriosis and adenomyosis.
 Tumors of the myometrium.
 Salpingitis.
 Ectopic pregnancy.
 Non-neoplastic ovarian cysts.
 Tumors of the ovaries.
 Congenital abnormalities.

 The pathological disorders of the breast:

 Inflammatory conditions.
 Fibrocystic disease of the breast.
 Benign tumors.
 Malignant tumors.
 Pathological disorders of the male breast.

 The pathological disorders of the locomotor system:

 Acute osteomyelitis.
 Chronic osteomyelitis and Pott’s disease.
 Osteomalacia and rickets.
 Scurvy.
 Osteoporosis.
 Paget’s disease of bone.
 Fibrous dysplasia and eosinophil granuloma.
 Congenital abnormalities of bone.
 Tumors of bone and cartilage.
 Infective arthritis.
 Rheumatoid arthritis.
 Ankylosing spondylitis.
 Osteoarthritis.
 Arthritis associated with gout.
 Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
 Tumors and tumor-like lesions of soft tissues.

 The pathological disorders of the endocrine system:

 Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland: hyper- and hypo-function.
 Posterior lobe disorders, e.g. diabetes insipidus.
 Tumors and cysts of the pituitary gland.
 Simple (non-toxic) goitre.

73
  Hypothyroidism (Children and Adult).
 Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis).
 Tumors of the thyroid.
 Congenital abnormalities of the thyroid.
 Parathyroid hyperfunction.
 Parathyroid hypofunction.
 Adrenocortical hyperfunction.
 Adrenocortical hypofunction (Primary and Secondary).
 Tumors of the adrenal gland.
 Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) and Apudoma.

 The pathological disorders of the nervous system and voluntary

muscles:
 Hydrocephalus.
 Stroke.
 Inflammations of the meninges and brain tissue.
 Demyelinating diseases.
 The dementias.
 Parkinsonism.
 Congenital abnormalities of the central nervous system.
 Ascending and descending Wallerian degeneration of spinal
cord.
 Prolapsed intervertebral disc.
 Pathological disorders of the motor neuron.
 Subacute combined degeneration and syringomyelia.
 Tumors of the nervous system.
 Peripheral neuropathies

 The pathological disorders of the eye:

 Inflammatory disorders.
 Vascular diseases of the retina.
 Cataract and glaucoma.
 Tumors of the eye.

 The pathological disorders of the skin:

 Inflammatory conditions of the skin.
 Tumors of the skin.
Clinical/practical sessions :
- Inflammation ( tonsillitis-appendicities- skin ulcers-abcsses)
- Bleeding
- Shock
- Dehydration
- Myocardial infarction
- Transplantation
- Bronchial asthma

74
 - Bone marrow aspiration
- Glands pathology
- Tumors
- Ascities

MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY

DEFINITION AND GENERAL OBJECTIVES:

♦Medical Microbiology and Parasitology (consisting of bacteriology, virology,
mycology, immunology and parasitology) is concerned with aetiology, pathogenesis,
diagnosis and management of infection in the individual. It also deals with
epidemiology, management and control of such infection in the community.
Therefore, it has close links with several other disciplines into which the training of
the doctor should be arranged. It should be done in coordination with pathology,
clinical medicine, surgery, pharmacology, therapeutics and community medicine to
form the medical curriculum.
♦The principal goal of such teaching is to provide the students with knowledge, skill
and attitudes that will form a base for future training and future self-training.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
By the end of the course the students should understand:
1.The classification, morphology and cytology of the organism
2. The function of the various cellular structures.
3. The nutritional requirement and cultivation of the agents.
4. Characteristic of different phases of growth and reproduction.
5. Microbial genetic including genetic changes and gene transfer.
6. The basis and role of the immune response.
7. The principles and application of sterilization and disinfection.
8. Microbial ecology, transmission, pathogenesis, and control of the disease.
9. The proper use of the clinical laboratory in regard to clinical specimens,
collection, transport, laboratory diagnosis and interpretation of laboratory results.
10. Chemotherapeutic agents, judicious selection and proper use.
11. Microbial resistance to chemotherapeutic agents.
Practical:
Bacteriology:
 Microbial techniques and staining procedures.
 Methods of collection of specimens and culture media.
 Culture of bacteria and identification.
 Sterilization and disinfectants.
 Serological methods.
 Antimicrobial sensitivity tests.
 Cocci.
 Parvo bacteria.
 Enterobacteria and pseudomonas.
 Vibrio.
 Mycobacteria.
 Corynebacteria.
 Bacillus.

75
 Anaerobes.
 Spirochaetes.
Virology:
 Cultivation of viruses.
 Serological methods in identification of viruses.

Parasitology:
 Luminal protozoa.
 Blood and tissue protozoa.
 Malaria and Toxoplasma.
 Nematodes.
 Cestodes.
 Trematodes.
 Entomology.
Mycology:
 Dermatophytes.
 Yeasts.
 Mycetoma agents.
 Aspergillus.
Teaching and learning Methods:
lectures , seminars , student presentations, assignments, practical sessions
TUTORIALS:
The performance of the student is assessed and he is encouraged to develop
communication skills.
ASSIGNMENT:
Students will be asked to write essays representing topics in microbiology and then
present it to the class. This entails looking for further information from different
sources like references and journals.
Methods of Assessment:
a. Written examinations
i- Single best answer questions.
ii- Short structured questions and problem solving.
iii- MCQs
iv- Essays & short notes.

b. Practical examination.
c. Oral examinations.
d. Continuous assessment
-Continuous evaluation through ongoing assignments, class tests, student
presentations during each semester Resources:
lecture theatre, laboratory , microscopes, computers and projectors.

76
 Semester 5
Course Title: Medical Microbiology1
Course Code: MIC 311
Contact hours: 150
Credit hours: 7
COURSE CONTENT:
General Microbiology:

77
  History, scope and microbial ecology.
 Infection and immunity.
 Anatomy, metabolism and classification of bacteria.
 Growth, nutrition and method of cultivation.
 Microbial genetics.
 Sterilization and disinfection.
 Microbial ecology and normal flora.
 Host parasite relationship:
 Principles of infection.
 Microbial pathogenicity.
 Non-specific host resistance.
 Immunity.
 Antimicrobial agents and resistance.

Immunology:
 General introduction.
 Antigens, immunogens and adjuvants.
 Antibodies, structure, formation and function.
 The complement system.
 Cells involved in the immune response.
 Human leucocyte antigen (HLA). Histo-compatibility and transplantation
immunity.
 Control of the immune response.
 Hypersensitivity reactions.
 Mechanism of tolerance.
 Tumour immunology.
 Immunodeficiency.
 Mechanism of immunopathology.
 Vaccine theory and practice.

Semester 6
Course Title: Medical Microbiology2
Course Code: MIC 322
Contact hours: 150
Credit hours: 7

78
COURSE CONTENT:
Bacteriology:
 The Cocci:
 Staphylococci.
 Streptococci.
 Neisseria.
 Enterobacteria:
 Escherichia coli.
 Klebsiella.
 Proteus.
 Salmonella.
 Shigella.
 Vibrio.
 Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Pseudomonas.
 Haemophilus and Bordetella.
 Brucellae.
 Yersina, Pasterella and Legenella.
 Bacillus and Nocardia.
 Corynebacteria, Listeria and Erisepelothrix.
 Mycobacteria.
 Clostridia.
 Non-sporing anaerobes, bacteroides, anaerobic streptococci.
 Spirochaetes:
 Treponema.
 Borrelia.
 Leptospira.
 Mycoplasma.
 Chlamydia.
 Richettsia.
Virology:
 Virus structure, composition and classification.
 Virus cells interaction.
 Diagnostic techniques in virology.
 Herpes viruses.
 Poxviruses.
 Picorna viruses, enteroviruses.
 Corona viruses and calcivirus.
 Myxovirus.
 Orthomyxoviruses.
 Retroviruses, AIDS/HIV infection.
 Arboviruses.
 Haemorrhagic fever viruses.
 Rhabola viruses.
 Rabies and related viruses.
 Antiviral chemotherapy.
Parasitology:
 Introduction – general classification
 Luminal protozoa.
 Blood and tissue flagellate.
 Malaria.

79
 Toxoplasma.
 Nematodes.
 Cestodes.
 Trematodes.
 Entomology.
Mycology:
 Introduction and classification.
 Structure and morphology of fungi.
 Cultivation of fungi.
 Dermatophytes.
 Yeast.
 Dimorphic fungi.
 Aspergillus.
 Mycetoma agents.
 Actinomycetoma.

80
 MEDICAL PHARMACOLOGY

COURSE DEFINITION
A course in Basic and Clinical Pharmacology tailored to suit the needs of a medical
curriculum.

COURSE DURATION:
The course shall be taught in semesters 5 and 6. A final examination will be held at
the end of the second semester.

OBJECTIVES:
By the end of this course the medical student should be able to rationally select,
prescribe and monitor the appropriate drug or drugs for a particular patient,
effectively treating patient without undue risk of toxicity or side effects.
The student shall be able to:
1. Understand the basic principles of the action of drugs and their effect on the
body.
2. Understand the basic principles of drug metabolism in the human body.
3. Understand the basic principles of drug toxicity.
4. Understand the mechanisms of drug interactions and their effects in
therapeutics.
5. Evaluate the therapeutic value of drugs in the treatment of diseases.
6. Evaluate new drugs from the literature and personal experience.
7. Participate in a clinical trial of a new drug.
METHODS OF INSTRUCTION:
 Lectures
 Small group discussion (with interposed discussion), for topics leaning heavily
on physiology or anatomy.
 Tutorials based on computer presentation of drug forms and methods of
administration of drugs (animated clips)
 Assignments based mainly on study and criticism of drug inserts as regards
content, clarity and referencing.
 Office hours (individuals or groups)
EVALUATION:
Methods of Assessment:
a. Written examinations
i- Single best answer questions.
ii- Short structured questions and problem solving.
iii- MCQs
iv- Essays & short notes.

b. Oral examinations.
c. Continuous assessment
-Continuous evaluation through ongoing assignments, class tests and student
presentations.

81
CONTINUOUS EVALUATION:
1 Semester 5 examination.
2 Other tests (Class tests and Quizzes).
3 Assignments: e.g. essays, tutorials.
FINAL EVALUATION:
1. Continuous evaluation. (30%)
2. Final Examination. (70%)

METHODS OF EVALUATION:
1. Best answer MCQs.
2. Objective short answer questions.
3. Problem solving.

Semester 5
Course Title: Medical pharmacology1
Course Code: PHA 311
Contact hours: 90
Credit hours: 5
COURSE CONTENT:

82
1. INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY:
1.1 What are drugs?
1.1.1 Medical pharmacology
1.1.2 Classification of drugs
1.1.2.1 Therapeutic use
1.1.2.2 Mode or site of action
1.1.2.3 Molecular structure
1.1.3 Drug-induced injury and Toxicology
1.1.4 Benefits and Risks
1.1.5 Molecule size and shape
1.1.6 Chemical nature
1.1.7 The Placebo effect
1.1.8 Patient and doctor compliance
1.1.9 Self-medication and OTC drugs
1.1.10 Drug interactions
1.1.11 Economics of drug usage
1.2 Components of drugs, forms of drugs.
1.2.1 Solubility
1.2.2 pH and pK
1.2.3 Pharmaceutical formulations
2. PHARMACOKINETICS:
2.1 Time course of drug concentration:
2.1.1 Order of reaction.
2.1.2 Plasma half-life and steady state concentration.
2.1.3 Pharmacological effect of plasma concentration.
2.2 Individual processes:
2.2.1 Drug passage across cell membrane
2.2.1.1 Filtration
2.2.1.2 Carrier-mediated transport
2.2.1.3 Diffusion
2.2.2 Absorption
2.2.2.1 Enteral
2.2.2.2 Parenteral
2.2.2.3 Other routes
2.2.3 Distribution
2.2.3.1 Distribution volume
2.2.3.2 Plasma protein and tissue binding
2.2.3.3 Barriers to drug distribution
2.2.4 Metabolism
2.2.4.1 General properties
2.2.4.2 Phase I & Phase II reactions
2.2.4.3 Enzyme systems involved
2.2.5 Elimination
2.2.5.1 Routes of excretion
2.2.5.2 Net renal excretion of drugs:
2.2.5.2.1 Filtration,
2.2.5.2.2 Secretion and
2.2.5.2.3 Reabsorption
2.2.5.3 Renal Clearance
2.2.5.4 Hepatic extraction of drugs
2.2.5.4.1 First-pass effect

83
 2.2.5.4.2 Biotransformation of drugs
2.2.5.4.3 Biliary excretion
2.3 Drug dosage:
2.3.1 Fixed dose
2.3.2 Variable dose with crude adjustments
2.3.3 Variable dose with fine adjustments
2.3.4 Maximum tolerated dose
2.3.5 Minimum tolerated dose
2.3.6 Dosing schedules
2.4 Individual or biological variation:
2.4.1 Inherited variability
2.4.2 Variability due to environmental and host influences
2.5 Drug interactions:
2.5.1 Clinical importance of drug interactions
2.5.2 Pharmacological basis of interactions
2.5.3 Interactions outside the body
2.5.4 Interactions at site of absorption
2.5.5 Interactions during distribution
2.5.6 Interactions on receptors or body system (pharmacodynamic)
2.5.7 Interactions during metabolism
2.5.8 Interactions during excretion

3. PHARMACODYNAMICS:
3.1 Qualitative aspects of drug action:
3.1.1 Mechanisms of drug action.
3.1.1.1 On cell membrane, e.g. specific receptors, ion channels,
etc
3.1.1.2 On metabolic processes within the cell, e.g. enzyme
inhibition, etc
3.1.1.3 Outside the cell, direct chemical interaction and osmosis
3.1.2 Receptors:
3.1.2.1 Agonists
3.1.2.2 Antagonists
3.1.2.3 Partial agonists
3.1.2.4 Inverse agonists
3.1.2.5 Receptor binding
3.1.3 Enzymes.
3.1.4 Selectivity and Specificity
3.2 Quantitative aspects of drug action:
3.2.1 The dose-response curves

84
 Semester 6
Course Title: Medical pharmacology2
Course Code: PHA 322
Contact hours: 90
Credit hours: 5
COURSE CONTENT:
 PHARMACOLOGY OF AUTONOMIC N. SYSTEM:
o Cholinergic receptors; agonists and antagonists.
o Adrenergic receptors; agonists and antagonists.
o Local anaesthetic agents.
o Agents acting on the neuro-muscular junction.

 ANALGESIA AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS:

o Histamine and other autacoids
o Prostaglandins.
o Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
o Corticosteroids.
o Opioid analgesics.
o Drug dependence and abuse.

 CENTRAL ACTING DRUG:

o Blood-brain barrier.

85
 o Central neurotransmitters.
o Hypnotics and sedatives.
o Neuroleptic agents.
o Anti-depressant drugs.
o Anti-convulsant drugs.
o Anti-Parkinsonian agents
o General anaesthetics.

 DRUGS AND THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM:

o Vasodilators.
o Calcium antagonists.
o Antihypertensives.
o Cardiac glycosides and other inotropic agents.
o Anti-arrhythmic drugs.

 DRUGS ACTING ON THE KIDNEY:

o Diuretics.
o Non-diuretic agents.

 THE BLOOD:
o Anaemias.
o Anti-coagulants, antiplatelet agents, thrombolytics.

 DRUGS USED IN RESPIRATORY DISORDERS:

o Upper airway: nasal decongestants.
o Antitussives, expectorants, mucolytics.
o Respiratory stimulants.
o Asthma.

 DRUGS FOR GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS:

o Antacids.
o Histamine2 (H2) receptor antagonists.
o Proton pump inhibitors (Omeprazole).
o Mucosal protective agents.
o Replacement therapies.
o Laxatives.
o Antidiarrhoeal agents.
o Others agents.

 DRUG OVERDOSE AND POISONING:

o Drug overdose; mechanisms.
o Management of poisoning.

86
 INTRODUCTORY MEDICINE

1. Course Title and Index No.: Introductory Medicine Semester 7,8.

Duration of each semester: 16-18 weeks:

2. General Course Objectives:

(General learning outcomes expected from this course)
By the end of the course the student should be able to:
a. Take and present medical history.
b. Elicit signs in clinical medicine and to interpret them with possible
aetiology, Pathophysiology, significance and professionalism.
c. Behaviour in patients, families and society.

3. Specific Course Objectives:

a. Clinical Skills:
1. History taking in general.

2. General Physical Examination:

Pallor, cyanosis, jaundice, clubbing, and koilonychia.
Thyroid, lymph nodes, dehydration, nutrition, decubitus,
oedema.
Pulse.
Examination of blood pressure and JVP.

3. History taking in GIT:

Vomiting, diarrhoea, pain abdomen, constipation.
Haematemesis, melena, dyspepsia, distension.

Examination: inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation.

4. History taking in Respiratory System:
Dyspnoea, cough, expectoration, haemoptysis.
Chest pain, wheezing.

Examination: inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation

front of chest.
Inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation back of chest.

5. History taking in CVS:

GPE in CVS – clubbing, koilonychia, Osler’s nodes, splinter
haemorrhages, cyanosis.
Examination: pulse, JVP, blood pressure.
Inspection, palpation of precordium.
Percussion, auscultation of precordium – mitral, tricuspid,
aortic, pulmonary areas.

6. History taking in CNS:

Higher mental functions – level of consciousness, behaviour,
speech, memory.

Examination of cranial nerves: I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII

nerves.
IX, X, XI, XII nerves.

87
 Examination of motor system.

Examination of sensory system – crude touch, pain,

temperature.
Fine touch, pressure, vibration, joint position.
Cortical sensations.
Two point localisation, two point discrimination.
Reflexes.

Examination of cerebellar system.

4. Attitudes:
The student should acquire the following interviewing skills:
Introduction of one-self,
Obtains informed consent,(you ask the patient to agree).
Polite and patient with patients,
Observes ethics and norms of medical practice.

5. Knowledge:
Clinical physiology and anatomy relevant to physical examination.

6. Course Structure:
a. Lectures:
One-hour weekly lectures in advance of the topics and clinical skills to
be covered in the week.

b. Clinical Cases:
To be prepared to cover the respective physical examination
demonstrating the symptoms and signs to be elicited.

c. Group Teaching:
The students group should be about 12 to enable them full exposure to
the material taught.

d. Continuous evaluation:
The student has “bed allotment” and should write 10 histories and
present cases during their clinical rotation. They should observe
various activities going on in the ward, including simple procedures.

7. Number of Hours and Methods of Teaching:

Theoretical 15 hours.
Practical 120 hours.
Self-learning 60 hours.

8. Evaluation – End of Semester:

MCQ 40
Clinical 50
Case histories & examination 10

88
 Semester 8
Course Title: Introductory Medicine1
Course Code: MED 421
Contact hours: 150
Credit hours: 7
COURSE CONTENT:
History taking in general.

General Physical Examination:

Pallor, cyanosis, jaundice, clubbing, and koilonychia.
Thyroid, lymph nodes, dehydration, nutrition, decubitus,
oedema.
Pulse.
Examination of blood pressure and JVP.

History taking in GIT:

Vomiting, diarrhoea, pain abdomen, constipation.
Haematemesis, melena, dyspepsia, distension.

Examination: inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation.

History taking in Respiratory System:
Dyspnoea, cough, expectoration, haemoptysis.
Chest pain, wheezing.

Examination: inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation

front of chest.
Inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation back of chest.

History taking in CVS:

Signs& symptom in CVS – clubbing, koilonychia, Osler’s
nodes, splinter haemorrhages, cyanosis.

Examination: pulse, JVP, blood pressure.

Inspection, palpation of precordium.
Percussion, auscultation of precordium – mitral, tricuspid,
aortic, pulmonary areas.

History taking in CNS:

Higher mental functions – level of consciousness, behaviour,
speech, memory.
Examination of cranial nerves: I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII
nerves.
IX, X, XI, XII nerves.
Examination of motor system
Examination of sensory system – crude touch, pain,
temperature.
Fine touch, pressure, vibration, joint position.
Cortical sensations.
Two point localisation, two point discrimination.
Reflexes.

89
 Examination of cerebellar system.
CLINICAL MEDICINE CURRICULUM

1. Course Title and Index No.: Phase IV; Semesters 9,10,11.

2. General Course Objectives:

(General learning outcomes expected from this course)
a. Revision of clinical methods of examination.
b. Case discussion of various common disease presentations and their
management.
c. Observation/assistance in various procedures in the ward.

3. Specific Course Objectives:

a. Clinical Skills and Procedures:
(Essential skills to be acquired by students during this course to be
included in Log Book)
Procedures to be performed/observed/assisted.
Perform:
 Injection I/V, I/M, S/C, intradermal.
 Oxygen therapy.
 Urinary catheterisation.
 Venae puncture.
Observe:
 Observe I/V lines/fluids/blood/blood products, direct, branula
cutdown, CVP.
 N/G passing and feeding.
 Endotracheal tube placement.
 Endotracheal suction/maintenance of airway/nursing on side
etc.
 Aspiration of fluids (pleural, pericardial, peritoneal, knee)
 Lumbar puncture.
 Oxygen therapy.
 Nebulisation.
 ECG taking/reading basics.
 X-ray chest reading.
 Barium series.
 I/V urograms.
 Bone and joint X-ray reading for medical problems
(Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, collapse vertebra, caries
spin, multiple myeloma, cervical rib, etc).
 Preparing a patient for endoscopies, upper and lower GIT.
 Bone marrow aspiration/trephine
b. Attitudes:
c. Knowledge Objectives:

4. Course Structure:
1. Lectures, Seminars, Tutorials, etc.
5. Clinical Rotations:
(Identify specific cases to be covered during clinical rotation)

90
 (Describe process of clinical ward rounds: patient preparation, roles of
teachers, roles of students, etc.)
 Rotation of 8 weeks duration in 4th and 5th year.
 Four hours four times a week.
 Case preparation by students (assisted by Registrar in the Unit).
 Case presentation by students and discussion by Consultant of the
Unit.
6. Evaluation methods:

1. Structured short answer questions( SSAQ ).

2. Problem solving

3. MCQs

4. Single best answer

5. Essays & short notes.

6. Clinical exams

7. Continuous assessment, through ongoing assignments, class tests and student

presentations.

91
 Semester 9
Course Title: Internal medicine2
Course Code: MED 512
Contact hours: 100
Credit hours: 6
Contents:
1.Cardiology:
ii. Rheumatic fever and infective endocarditis
iii. Valvular heart diseases:
 Mitral valve.
 Aortic valve.
iv. Cyanotic/acyanotic heart disease:
 Fallot’s tetralogy
 Name of other diseases.
v. Ischaemic heart disease:
 Angina.
 Myocardial infarction.
vi. Heart failure:
 Left ventricular failure.
 Congestive cardiac failure.
 Cor pulmonale.
vii. Congenital heart diseases (brief):
 Atrial septal defect.
 Ventricular septal defect.
 Patent ductus arteriosus.
viii. Cardiomyopathies (brief).
ix. Pericardial diseases (brief):
 Constrictive pericarditis.
 Pericardial effusion.
x. Atherosclerosis/arteriosclerosis.
xi. Hypertension.
xii. Peripheral vascular disease (brief)
xiii. Symptoms and signs.
xiv. Investigations.
 Electrocardiography.
 X-ray chest.
 Echocardiography.
 Thalium scan.
 Stress testing.
 Holter and angiography.
 etc.

2. Respiratory System:
i. Pulmonary function tests.
ii. Imaging in pulmonary diseases/investigations.

92
 iii. Asthma.
iv. Environmental lung disease/occupational (brief introduction).
v. Pneumonia.
 Community acquired.
 Nosocomial.
 Lobar/broncho.
vi. Tuberculosis.
vii. Adult respiratory distress syndrome/acute respiratory
failure/mechanical ventilation.
viii. Bronchiectasis.
ix. Chronic obstructive airway diseases:
 Chronic bronchitis.
 Emphysema.
x. Interstitial lung diseases.
xi. Pulmonary thromboembolism/acute cor pulmonale.
xii. Pleural effusion.
xiii. Pneumothorax.
xiv. Carcinoma lung.
3. Infectious Diseases:
A. Clinical syndrome:
1. Sepsis and septic shock, meningococcaemia.
2. Acute infectious diarrhoeal diseases and bacterial food
poisoning.
3. Hospital acquired infections.

B. Common disease syndromes caused by the following bacteria

and their drug therapy:
1. Pneumococci (Streptococcus pneumoniae).
2. Staphylococci.
3. Streptococci.
4. Hemophilus influenzae.
5. Shigella.
6. Gonococci.
7. Pseudomonas.

C. Following diseases in detail:

1. Malaria.
2. Tetanus.
3. Enteric fever/salmonellosis.
4. Cholera.
5. Tuberculosis:
 Pulmonary (brief)
 Extrapulmonary tuberculosis:
i. Lymph nodes.
ii. Meningitis (brief reference).
iii. Tuberculosis of brain.
iv. Arthritis.
v. Pott’s disease.
vi. Abdominal:
 Ascites.
 Tabes mesenterica.

93
  Intestinal
 Visceral:
a. Liver.
b. Spleen.
c. Kidneys.
d. Suprarenals.
e. Female genitalia, etc.
6. Leprosy.
7. Amoebiasis/Giardiasis/trichomoniasis.

D. Helminthic infestations:
 Ascariasis.
 Hookworm.
 Whipworm (Trichuriasis).
 Threadworm (Enterobiasis).
 Taenia (Tapeworm).

E. Brief of following diseases:

 Infectious mononucleosis.
 Rabies.
 AIDS.

94
 Semester 10
Course Title: Internal medicine3
Course Code: MED 523
Contact hours: 180
Credit hours: 6
Contents:
Gastro intestinal tract:
1. Oesophagus:
Dysphagia with special reference to:
 CA oesophagus.
 GERD.
 Achalasia.
 Candidiasis of oral cavity and oesophagus.
2. Peptic ulcer and gastritis.
3. Malabsorption syndrome:
 Sprue: tropical.
 Celiac disease.
4. Inflammatory bowel diseases:
 Ulcerative colitis.
 Crohn’s disease.
5. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
6. Ascites.
7. Jaundice:
 Congenital hyperbilirubinaemia:
Gilbert
Dubin Johnson.
Rotor syndromes.
 Haemolytic.
 Obstructive.
 Hepatitis:
Viral, acute and chronic.
Toxic.
Drugs.
8. Auto-immune hepatitis.
9. Cirrhosis of the liver.
10. Hepatic encephalopathy.
11. Carcinoma.
12. Acute and chronic pancreatitis.
13. Upper GI bleeding, lower GI bleeding.
14. Drugs contraindicated in liver diseases.

Kidneys and Urinary System:

1. Acute renal failure. } introduction
2. Chronic renal failure. } to dialysis and
3. Nephrotic syndrome. } renal transplant

95
4. Nephritic syndrome.
5. Urinary tract infections.
6. Dialysis (details).
7. Drugs and kidney (brief):
b. Cushing renal disease:
 Analgesic nephropathy.
 Lead, uric acid, hypercalcaemia, radiation and
hypersensitivity nephropathy.
c. Drugs contraindicated in renal insufficiency and drugs to be
used with caution in renal disease.
8. Polycystic kidneys (brief).
9. Renal artery stenosis (brief).
10. Renal vein thrombosis (brief).
11. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome.
Metabolic Disorders:
(Definition, causes, and some basic information)
1. Hyperlipidaemia (brief).
2. Haemochromatosis (brief).
3. Porphyriasis (brief).
4. Wilson’s disease (brief).
5. Gout and hypercalcaemia.
6. Storage diseases:
 Lipid:
Leukodystrophies.
Nieman Pick disease
Gaucher’s disease.
 Glycogen:
Fabry’s disease.
7. hereditary connective tissue disorders (brief):
 Osteogenesis imperfecta.
 Ehler’s Danlos syndrome.
 Chondrodysplasias.
 Marfan syndrome.
 Alport syndrome.
8. Disorders of amino acid metabolism and storage (brief):
 Homocysteinuria.
 Alkaptonuria.
 Renal glycosuria.
Endocrinology:
1. Anterior pituitary:
 Growth hormone excess:
Acromegaly.
Gigantism.
Short stature.
Infertility.
2. Diseases of hypothalamus and pituitary:
 Empty sella syndrome
 Diabetes insipidus.
 Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIDH).
3. Thyroid gland:

96
  Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis).
 Hypothyroidism (myxedema, cretin).
 Interpretation of thyroid function tests.
4. Adrenal gland:
 Cushing syndrome.
 Aldosteronism:
Primary (Conn’s) (brief reference).
Secondary.
 Hirsutism.
 Phaeochromocytoma.
5. Diabetes mellitus (detail) and hypoglycaemic states.
6. Testes (brief):
 Sexual precocity.
 Heterosexual precocity.
7. Gynaecomastia.
8. Multiple endocrine neoplasia (brief):
 Type I
 Type II

97
 Semester 11
Course Title: Internal medicine4
Course Code: MED 534
Contact hours: 180
Credit hours: 6
Contents:
Neurology and CNS:
1. Investigations.
2. Epilepsy.
3. Cerebrovascular diseases (stroke):
 ischaemic:
embolism
infarction.
 haemorrhage:
intracerebral
subarachnoid.
4. Dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.
5. Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders.
6. Motor neurone disease.
7. Multiple sclerosis.
8. Meningitis:
 Bacterial
 Tuberculous.
 Brain abscess.
 Viral meningitis and encephalitis.
9. Cranial nerve disorders:
 Transient mono-ocular blindness (amaurosis fugax).
 Trigeminal neuralgia.
 Facial palsy (Bell’s).
 Vertigo, nystagmus.
10. Spinal cord disorders:
 Spinal cord compression, paraplegia, quadriplegia.
 Myelitis.
 Spondylosis.
 Syringomyelia and syringobulbia.
11. Peripheral nerve disorders:
 Peripheral neuropathy, GB syndrome.
 Mononeuritis multiplex.
12. Space occupying lesions of brain and spinal cord.
13. Myapathies, myasthenia gravis.
 Bowel disease (brief)

98
Disorders of Bone and Joints:
2. Osteoarthritis.
3. Osteoporosis.
4. Rheumatoid arthritis and related arthropathies.
5. Paget’s disease of bone.
6. Osteopetrosis (Marble bone disease).

Multi-system Immunological Diseases:

 Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
 Serum sickness
 Rheumatoid arthritis (brief reference).
1. Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma).
2. Mixed connective tissue diseases (brief).
3. Sjogren’s syndrome (brief).
4. Ankylosing spondylitis.
5. Bechet’s syndrome (brief).
6. Vasculitis syndrome (brief).
 Polyarteritis nodosa.
 Hypersensitivity vasculitis.
 Wegner’s granulomatosis.
 Temporal arteritis.
 Takayasu’s arteritis.
 Thromboangiitis (Burger’s disease).
7. Sarcoidosis (brief)

Haematology:
1. Anaemias:
 Classification.
 Iron deficiency.
 Megaloblastic:
B12 deficiency.
Folic acid deficiency.
 Anaemia of chronic disorder.
 Haemolytic anaemia:
Hereditary.
Acquired.
Intracorpuscular.
Extracorpuscular.
 Aplastic anaemia.
2. Haemoglobinopathies:
 Sickle cells syndrome.
 Thalassaemias.
3. Myeloproliferative diseases:
 Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML).
 Polycythaemia vera.
 Myelofibrosis.
 Essential thrombocytosis.
4. Leukaemias:
 Acute.

99
  Chronic.
5. Lymphomas.
 Non-Hodgkin’s.
 Hodgkin’s.
6. Blood group and blood transfusion.
7. Bone marrow transplantation.
8. Clotting disorders.
 Thrombocytopenia:
Decreased product.
Increased product.
9. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP):
 Von Willebrand’s disease.
 Vessel wall disorders.
 Disorders of coagulation:
Haemophilia.
Vitamin K deficiency.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
(DIC).
10. Anticoagulant therapy:
 Heparin.
 Oral (warfarin, etc.).
 Antiplatelet drugs.

Clinical Rotations:
(Identify specific cases to be covered during clinical rotation)
(Describe process of clinical ward rounds: patient preparation, roles of
teachers, roles of students, etc.)
 Rotation of 8 weeks duration in 4th and 5th year.
 Four hours four times a week.
 Case preparation by students (assisted by Registrar in the Unit).
 Case presentation by students and discussion by Consultant of the
Unit.
a. Cases in clinical rounds (to be included in Log Book)
Topics to be discussed in clinical teaching are:
1. Central nervous system:
 Cerebrovascular accidents.
 Paraplegia.
 Polyneuropathy.
 Muscular dystrophies and motor neurone disease.
 Parkinsonism.
 Meningitis.
 Tetanus.
 Hemiplegia.
 Facial palsy.

2. Gastro intestinal tract:

 Acid peptic disease.
 Tender hepatomegaly, hepato-splenomegaly,
jaundice.

100
  Chronic liver disease.
 Acute and chronic diarrhoea.
 Variceal bleeding and peptic ulcer bleeding.
 Abdominal Koch’s infection.

3. Rheumatology:
 Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis.
 Systemic lupus erythematosus.

4. Cardiovascular system:
 Systemic hypertension.
 Ischaemic heart disease.
 Congestive cardiac failure.
 Valvular diseases.

5. Respiratory system:
 Bronchial asthma.
 Pleural effusion.
 Pneumonia.
 Haemoptysis
 Pulmonary tuberculosis.
 Chronic obstructive airway disease.
 Bronchogenic carcinoma.

6. Fevers:
 Malaria.
 Typhoid fever.

7. Endocrinology:
 Diabetes mellitus.
 Thyroid diseases
 Cushing’s disease.

8. Blood:
 Anaemia.
 Bleeding disorders.
 Myeloproliferative and lympho-proliferative
disease.

9. Kidney:
 Nephrotic syndrome, nephritic syndrome.
 Acute renal failure.
 Chronic renal failure.

10. Miscellaneous and Emergencies:

 Heat stroke.
 Snake bite.
 Electric shock.
 Poisoning.

101
 b. Referred clinics (frequentcy per rotation):
 Once a week for 8weeks.
 Case preparation by students (assisted by Registrar of the
Unit).
 Case presentation by students and discussion by Consultant
of the Unit.

c. Emergency Dept.: (major emergency cases to be covered during

rotation and included in Log Book).
Rotation of students (2) in evening and night duties once weekly for
8 weeks)

2. Other Clinical Activities: (e.g. journal clubs, clinical seminars, discharge

notes, etc. Specify frequency and suggested topics;
problem-based learning session).
C.P.C. once a week where various units/departments present cases in turn.
The students attend the presentations.

3. Continuous evaluation: (Write check lists during rotations, e.g. history

and clinical examination).
1. The student should write 10 histories and examination records.
2. Record of procedure done or observed.
3. Evening and night duties record.

7. Number of Hours and Methods of Teaching:

Total 800 hr (semester 7,8,9,10,11)
Theory 150 hr
Clinical 650 (including subspecialty)
8. Evaluation Methods:

1.Structured short answer questions( SSAQ ).

2.Problem solving

3.MCQs

4.Single best answer

5.Essays & short notes.

6.Clinical exams

7.Continuous assessment, through ongoing assignments, class tests and

student presentations.

Assessment (exams)
A. Written Examination:
Paper I MCQs best answer
Paper II case history
Paper III short structured questions (Emergencies, data interpretation)
6 questions

102
 OSPE sessions
B. Clinical Examination:
One long case
4 - 6 short cases (OSCE)
Pass mark 50%

103
PAEDIATRICS CURRICULUM

1. Course Title and Index No.: Paediatrics and Child Health. (Phase V; Sem.
9,10,11.

2. General Course Objectives:

By the end of the course the student will:
1. Develop a holistic approach to the child within his family and society.
2. Offer follow-up and preventive care to children.
3. Identify, diagnose and manage emergency and common paediatric and
neonatal problems and plan follow-up and rehabilitation care.
4. Interact positively with the health team.

3. Specific Course Objectives:

1. Clinical Skills and Procedures:
1. History taking for newborns and children.
2. Clinical examination skills for newborns, infants and children at
different age groups including adolescence.
3. Use of growth charts: sc, wt, height and others.
4. Assessment of puberty (SMR), and development using appropriate
charts.
5. Competency in neonatal and paediatric CPR.
6. Correct examination and recording of vital signs using charts.
7. Competency in paediatric procedures: venepuncture, IV line, cannula
insertion, N/G tube insertion, blood transfusion

2. Attitudes:
1. Develop a holistic approach to the child within his family and society.
2. Counsel the mother on her health and advise antenatal care.
3. Counsel the parents on preventive child care including healthy life
style, nutrition, and vaccination.
4. Demonstrate a sympathetic attitude towards children and their families
in different circumstances.
5. Shows a positive interaction with the health team.

3. Knowledge Objectives
By the end of the course the student will demonstrate his knowledge of:
1. The scientific basis and genetics of neonatal and paediatric growth and
development and its different interactions.
2. Nutrition and common nutritional problems.
3. Neonatal emergency and common neonatal problems including the
preterm child and the normal newborn.
4. Common causes of mortality and morbidity among different paediatric
age groups.
5. Vaccination and vaccination programs.
6. Common paediatric emergencies and their management and
prevention.
7. Common childhood illnesses and endemic problems.
8. Common malignancies in children.
9. Chronic and handicapping conditions among children and
rehabilitation care.

104
 10. Therapeutic agents and drugs in different age groups.

4. Course Structure:
1. Lectures: (40 hours)
1. Introductory lecture.
2. Childhood mortality and morbidity
3. Growth and development. (3)
4. Perinatal and neonatal problems. (3)
5. Infant feeding and weaning. (2)
6. Nutritional disorders. (2)
7. Diarrhoeal diseases and dehydration. (2)
8. Infections. (2)
9. Endemic disorders. (2)
10. Acute respiratory infections. (2)
11. System disorders:
1. C.V.S.: congenital, acquired. (2)
2. Renal disorders (2)
3. Haematology and homeostasis (2)
4. Gastrointestinal. (2)
5. Respiratory. (2)
6. Malignancies in childhood. (2)
7. Arthritis and collagen disorders. (2)
8. Genetic disorders. (2)

2. Seminars: (12 hours)

1. Neonatal emergencies
2. Comatose child.
3. Convulsions.
4. A child with respiratory distress.
5. Dehydration: fluids and electrolytes.
6. Severe and complicated malaria.
7. Meningitis.
8. P.E.M.: assessment, classification and management.
9. I.M.C.I. approach. (3 seminars).
10. E.P.I. program and vaccination.
11. Polio eradication.
12. Cerebral palsy.

3. Clinical Rotations:
Student will be posted in a teaching unit during his rotation (clerkship).
1. He will be responsible for clerking and follow-up of a number of
beds.
2. Will attend all unit activities (emergency admission, working
rounds, unit rounds, discharge clinic, etc.)
3. Will present cases in the teaching rounds.
The tutor will:
1. conduct at least 2 guided teaching rounds
2. supervise and monitor student activities.
3. arrange different student assignments.

1. Cases in clinical rounds: (to be included in log book):

105
 1. Neonatal: preterm, NN sepsis, jaundice, common congenital
malformations, NN convulsions, birth trauma.
2. CNS: hemiplegia, paraplegia, flaccid paralysis, cerebral palsy.
3. Common problems: nutritional: PEM, anaemia, vitamin
deficiency, goitre.
4. Endemic: malaria, enteric fever, Bilharziasis, leishmaniasis.
5. Tuberculosis: pulmonary, extrapulmonary.
6. Respiratory system: respiratory distress, pneumonia, pleural
effusion, stridor.
7. C.V.S.: rheumatic fever and heart disease, congenital heart
disease, SBE, cardiomyopathy.
8. Gastrointestinal: jaundice, hepatomegaly, hepato-
splenomegaly, malabsorption, abdominal masses.
9. Renal: ARF, CRF, UTI, obstructive and renal masses.
10. Haematology: anaemias, bleeding tendency.
11. Endocrine: diabetes, hypothyroidism, goitre, adrenal.
12. Oncology: common childhood malignancies, ALL, lymphoma,
solid tumours.
13. Arthritis and collagen disorders.

2. Referred and Outpatient clinics: (4–6 per rotation)

1. Counselling the mother on:
a. Vaccination.
b. Breast feeding and weaning.
c. Growth monitoring.
d. Plan (A) for management of diarrhoea at home.
e. Use of ORS.
f. Family spacing.
2. Use of Road to Health Chart.
3. Assessment and management of common paediatric problems:
fever, cough, diarrhoea, ear problems, nutritional problems,
anaemia.
4. Common drugs used for children.

3. Emergency department: (major emergency cases to be covered

during rotation and included in log book)
1. Convulsions.
2. Coma.
3. Hyperpyrexia.
4. Respiratory distress.
5. Bronchial asthma.
6. Stridor.
7. Dehydration.
8. Bloody diarrhoea.
9. Severe and complicated malaria.
10. Severe anaemia and sickle cell crises.
11. CHF.
12. Metabolic disorder.
13. Acute renal failure.
14. Meningitis, encephalitis.
15. Severe measles, NN tetanus, viral hepatitis, diphtheria.

106
 4. Other Clinical Activities:
(e.g. journal clubs, clinical seminars, discharge notes, etc. Specify
frequency and suggested topics. Problem-based learning sessions.)
1. Attend unit mortality/morbidity audit.
2. Sessions on paediatric skills.
3. Follow-up plans and nursing care for different paediatric
problems.
4. Role of nursing, nutritionist and other team members.
5. Sessions on:
1. CPR: neonates/children.
2. Pain and pain relief.
3. Counselling parents of very ill child, the dying child,
children with chronic and handicapping conditions.

5. Continuous Evaluation:
1. Attendance and execution of tasks and assignments.
2. Log book activities evaluation.
3. Health team interactions, initiatives and enthusiasm.

5. Number of Hours and Methods of Teaching:

1. Lectures: 40 hours
2. Seminars (12): 2.5 hours each
3. Clinical rounds (32):
4. Emergency admissions (8)
5. Outpatient clinics (8)
6. Clerkship activities.

6. Evaluation Methods:
1.Structured short answer questions( SSAQ ).

2.Problem solving

3.MCQs

4.Single best answer

5.Essays & short notes.

6.Clinical exams

7.OSPE

8.Continuous assessment, through ongoing assignments, class tests and

student presentations.

107
 Paediatrics
Semester 9
Course Title: Paediatrics1
Course Code: PED511
Contact hours: 100
Credit hours: 5
Course contents:
1 Introductory lecture
2 Childhood mortality and morbidity
3 Growth and development.
4 Perinatal and neonatal problems.

Cardiovascular system:
1 Congenital heart disease – classification
2 Dextrocardia
3 Congenital aortic stenosis
4 Congenital pulmonary stenosis
5 V.S.D – A.S.D
6 Eisenminger syndrome
7 Tricuspid atresia
8 Patent duct us arteriosus
9 Transposition of great vessels
10 Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage
11 Coarctation of the aorta
12 Tetralogy of Fallot
13 Rheumatic fever
14 Infective endocarditis
15 Heart block
16 Fetal circulation
17 Neonatal circulation
18 Functions of the placenta
19 Evaluation of cardiovascular system
20 Clinical History taking in CVS disease
21 Clinical examination of patient with CVS disease
22 Radiology related to CVS

108
23 ECG interpretation
24 Echocardiography
25 Cardiac catheterization
26 Angiography
27 Hematological investigation

Respiratory system

1 Development of the lung in utero

2 Postnatal lung growth
3 Bronchopulmonary anatomy
4 Lung volume and capacity
5 Mechanics of respiration
6 Alveolar ventilation
7 Gas exchange in the lungs
8 Ventilation – perfusion ratio
9 The pulmonary contribution to acid base balance
10 Respiratory alkalosis
11 Respiratory acidosis
12 Role of the lungs in gas PH regulation
13 Pneumonia
14 Bronchopneumonia
15 Bronchial asthma
16 Tonsillitis
17 Infectious croup
18 Acute epiglottis
19 Acute larengiotracheobronchitis
20 Bronchiolitis
21 Aspiration pneumonia
22 Acute otitis media
23 Chronic otitis media
24 Recurrent acute respiratory infection ( ARI)
25 Recurrent persistent wheeze
26 Strider
27 Pulmonary tuberculosis

109
 28 Miliary tuberculosis
29 Tuberculous meningitis
30 Treatment of tuberculosis
31 Extra thoracic tuberculosis
32 Congenital tuberculosis
33 Prevention of tuberculosis
34 Pneumothorax
35 Adenoid
36 Foreign body aspiration
37 Lung hyperplasia
38 Diaphragmatic hernia
39 Choanal atresia
40 Laryngiomalasia
41 Sore throat
42 Infectious mononucleosis
43 Haemoptesis
44 Respiratory failure

Nutrition-infections-vaccination

1 Infant feeding and weaning.

( Breast feeding)
2 Infant feeding and weaning.
(Bottle feeding)
3 Iron deficiency anemia
4 Vitamin A deficiency
5 Vitamin D deficiency
6 Vitamin E deficiency
7 Vitamin B deficiency
8 Folic acid deficiency
9 Iodine deficiency
10 Obesity
11 Kwash diet
12 Measles
13 Diphtheria

110
14 Malaria
15 Tetanus
16 Hepatitis
17 Mumps
18 Triple vaccine
19 Polio vaccine
20 Measles vaccine
21 BCG
22 MMR
23 Pneumococcal vaccine
24 Meningococcal vaccine
25 Hepatitis B vaccine
26 Infectious mononucleosis
27 Hemorrhagic fever
28 Steven – Johnson syndrome

111
 Paediatrics
Semester 10
Course Title: Paediatrics2
Course Code: PED522
Contact hours: 100
Credit hours: 3
Course contents:
GIT and Urogenital diseases
1 Abdominal pain
2 Intestinal bleeding
3 Portal hypertension
4 Hepatomegally
5 Malabsorption
6 Abdominal mass
7 Caeliac disease
8 Crohn's disease
9 Hirschsprung disease
10 Megacolon
11 Cystic fibrosis
12 Intestinal biopsy
13 Xylose test
14 Diarrheal disease
15 Abdominal distention
16 UTI
17 Enuresis
18 Nephritic syndrome
19 Obstructive uropathy
20 Vesico-ureteric reflux
21 Chronic glomerulonephritis
22 Renal failure
23 Wilm's tumor
24 Vaginal bleeding and disease
25 Posterior uretheral valve

112
26 Undesended testis
27 Hypercalcaemia
28 Polycystic kidney
29 Hemolytic uremic syndrome
30 Anaphylactoid nephritis
31 Fanconi syndrome
32 Creatinine clearance
33 Urine sensitive test
34 Esbach test

Endocrinology, haematopathology and Diseases of bones and joints

1 Goiter
2 Hypothyroidism
3 Hyperthyroidism
4 Hypoadrenalism
5 Polyuria
6 Diabetes mellitus
7 Hepatic failure
8 Reyes syndrome
9 Adrenogenital syndrome
10 Hypopigmentation
11 Sickle cell anemia
12 Henoschonlein purpura
13 Hemophilia
14 Thalassemia
15 Lymphoma
16 Thrombocytopenia
17 Acute lymphocytic leukaemia
18 Lymphadenopathy
19 Chronic myeloid leukemia
20 Von Willibrand's disease
21 Disseminated intravascular coagulation DIC
22 Exchange transfusions
23 Rheumatoid arthritis

113
24 Club foot
25 Congenital dislocation of the hip joint
26 Osteomyelitis
27 Osteogensis imperfecta
28 Achondroplasia
29 Kyphoscoliosis

114
 Paediatrics
Semester 11
Course Title: Paediatrics3
Course Code: PED533
Contact hours: 100
Credit hours: 3
Course contents:
Nervous system– Growth and development
1 Embryogenesis
2 Hydrocephalus
3 Blood brain barrier (BBB)
4 Acute bacterial meningitis
5 Encephalitis
6 Poliomyelitis
7 Cerebral malaria
8 Cerebral palsy
9 Brain abscess
10 Convulsive disorders : classification ( partial, complex )
11 Generalized seizures
12 Petit mal epilepsy
13 Myoclonic seizure
14 Infantile spasm ( Salam attack )
15 Atonic – akinetic seizure
16 Tonic – clonic seizure
17 Post-ictal depression
18 Febrile convulsions
19 Idiopathic epilepsy
20 Anti epileptic drugs
21 Status epilepticus
22 Temporal lope epilepsy ( psychomotor epilepsy )
23 Neonatal seizure
24 Breath holding attacks

115
25 Ticks
26 Benign paroxysmal vertigo
27 Syncopal attacks
28 Reflex anoxic seizure
29 Drug induced dystonia
30 Benign sleep myoclonus
31 Migraine
32 Hemiplegia in children : congenital
33 Acquired hemiplegia of childhood
34 Headache
35 Craniopharyngioma
36 Medulloblastoma
37 Neurocutaneous disorder
38 Cutaneous sclerosis
39 Neurofibromatosis
40 Gullain – barre syndrome Syndrome
41 Lipidosis
42 Degeneration of gray matter
43 Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis ( SSPE )
44 Degeneration of cerebral white matter
45 Degenerative disease of cerebellum
46 Friedrichs ataxia
47 Degeneration of basal ganglia
48 Wilsons disease
49 Mucopolysaccharidosis
50 Neoplasms of CNS in childhood
51 Infratentorial and supratentorial
52 Pseudotumour cerebri
53 Spinal tumor
54 Diseases of the autonomic nervous system
56 Injury to autonomic nervous system
57 Anterior horn cell disease
58 Werding – Hoffman disease
59 Gullain – barre syndrome

116
 60 Charcot Marry Tooth disease
61 Mononeuropathies
62 Congenital ptosis
63 Third nerve palsy
64 Sixth nerve palsy
65 Bell' s palsy
66 Erb's palsy
67 Kumpke's paralysis
68 Transient neonatal myasthenia gravis
69 Persistent neonatal myasthenia gravis
70 Juvenile myasthenia gravis
71 Symptomatic myasthenia gravis
72 Muscular dystrophy
73 Dermatomyositis
74 Phenylketonuria
75 Coma
76 Mental retardation
77 Anthropometric measurement
78 Teething
79 Osseous maturation
80 Growth and development during adolescent early & late
81 Sex maturity stages ( SMR )
82 Precocious puberty
89 Ambiguous genitalia
90 Short stature

Genetics and teratology

1 Down syndrome
2 Turner syndrome
3 Klinefelter syndrome
4 Haemophilia
5 Sickle cell aneamia
6 Familial goiter
7 Cleft lip and palate

117
8 Pyloric stenosis
9 Thalassaemia
10 Albinism
11 Bar body
12 Respiratory distress syndrome
13 Premature baby
14 Small for date
15 Hydrocephalus
16 Hypoglycaemia
17 Birth asphyxia
18 APGAR score
19 Imperforate anus
20 Congenital pyloric stenosis
21 Oseophageal atresia
22 Tracheo-eosophageal atresia
23 Talibes
24 Cephalohaemtoma
25 Microcephaly
26 Duodenal atresia
27 Jaundice
28 Apnoea
29 Exchange transfusion

118
 SURGERY CURRICULUM

Course Title and Index No.: Phase V; Semesters 9,10,11.

General Course Objectives:

(General learning outcomes expected from this course)
a. To cover the whole field of general surgery.
b. To familiarise the student with the different kinds of emergency
surgery and how to deal with them.
c. To help the student to acquire the necessary skills (theoretical and
practical) to enable him to help his patients.
d. To teach the student the value of the different investigations and how
they are done.

Specific Course Objectives:

e. Clinical Skills and Procedures:
(Essential skills to be acquired by students during this course to be
included in Log Book)
a. Student should be able to outline different modalities of
surgical treatment in specific patients and disease entities and
discuss possible complications of such treatment.
b. Discuss the total care of surgical patient in pre- and post-
operative periods.
c. To be able to fix an IV line, cannulation, IV, IM injections.
d. Attending at least one major surgery at emergency theatre.
e. Assist in two appendicectomies and two abscess drainage.
f. To be able to splint fractures as an initial management;
urinary catheter and nasogastric tube application.
g. Student should include in Log Book the critically injured
patient regarding:
(i) Resuscitation.
(ii) Evaluation.
(iii) Management.
h. To be able to stitch different types of wounds.

f. Attitudes: (communication, patients, to other members of the health

team)
1. To increase the ability to communicate with patients.
2. To learn the ability to communicate when breaking sad
news or cancers to patient.
3. The ability to command the members of the health team
around and to supervise the team work.

g. Knowledge Objectives: (Areas to be included in this course)

119
 Student should be able to outline the causes, clinical presentation,
investigation and discuss the management of the following:

1 ACUTE SURGICAL EMERGENCY

2.1. Outline the causes of upper respiratory tract oedema,
obstruction and tracheostomy indications with its proper
care.
2.2. To be able to discuss the aetiology of upper
gastrointestinal bleeding, request the proper
investigations and outline proper management of acute
phase.
2.3. Outline subsequent management of:
a. Oesophageal varices.
b. Peptic ulcer and acute gastric erosions
c. Carcinoma of the stomach.
2.4. Describe the presentation with acute surgical abdomen
and discuss the aetiology, Pathophysiology and give the
differential diagnosis, request appropriate investigations
and outline the management of related abdominal
condition.
2.5. Describe the clinical features and recognise the
management of ruptured hollow viscus and be able
managing a perforated peptic ulcer and typhoid ulcer.
2.6. Outline causes of rectal bleeding, interpret the surgical
anatomy, pathology and manage the related conditions.
2.7. Outline and discuss causes of obstructing bowel and
management of related conditions.
2.8. Discuss clinical presentation, aetiology, surgical
anatomy and pathology and outline management of anal
conditions.
2.9. Causes of urine retention and how to relieve; ordering
the appropriate investigations and management outline
for related causes.

3. ACUTE SURGICAL CONDITIONS

4. PAEDIATRIC EMERGENCIES DUE TO CONGENITAL
ANOMALIES

Course Structure:
4. Lectures: (Specific lecture titles)
1. General Surgery:
 Infections, e.g. abscesses
 Wound healing.
 Blood transfusion.
 Antibiotics.
 Tetanus.
 Gas gangrene.
2. Systems:

120
 a. Skin and subcutaneous tissues. Skull, surgical bone diseases,
trephine. Extradural haemorrhage (head injury).
b. Thyroid and parathyroid.
c. Cervical and supraclavicular lymphadenopathy, Hodgkin’s
disease. Lymphomas.
d. Chest: chest injuries, pneumothorax, haemothorax, Ca
bronchus.
e. Breast: benign and malignant tumours.
f. Oesophagus.
g. GI surgery: stomach, duodenum, small and large bowel.
Rectum, anal canal, etc.
h. GB and biliary tract, liver, spleen, etc.
i. Urogenital system: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, prostate,
urethra, etc.
j. Hydrocoele, all types of hernia + hydrocoele and relatedtopics.
k. Vascular surgery: varicosities, etc.
l. Neurosurgery: esp. peripheral nerve injuries.
m. Surgical systems:
 Orthopaedics.
 Ophthalmology
 Anaesthesia.
 E.N.T.
n. The surgery of trauma for all systems.
o. Plastic surgery: e.g. hand and peripheral nerve injuries and how
to manage them.

5. Clinical Rotations: (Identify specific cases to be covered during clinical

rotation)
(Describe process of clinical ward rounds: patient preparation, roles of
teachers, roles of students, etc.)
This part of the block is designed as complement for theory part to
facilitate the learning process. Divided small groups were handled by
surgeon on the wards 2-3 times a week for a shift of 8 weeks for 4 shifts.
And patients prepared for the students from the admissions and waiting list
of surgery.

d. Cases in clinical rounds (to be included in Log Book)

 Breast disease.
 Thyroid disorders.
 Abdominal conditions (masses, Ca).
 Scrotal conditions.
 Hernias (inguinal, scrotal swellings).
 Biliary system disease (surgical jaundice).
 Dysphagia.
 Common swellings and ulcers.
 Common specific conditions (madura, hydatid disease,
varicose veins).
e. Referred clinics (frequent per rotation):
 Students should attend once weekly the referred surgical
clinics.

121
  To be able to handle cold cases and discuss the causes,
investigation and management of related conditions which
require further planning of management.
f. Emergency Dept.: (major emergency cases to be covered during
rotation and included in Log Book).
 The critically injured patients.
 Abdominal trauma (splenic rupture).
 Head injury (unconscious patient).
 Acute scrotum and pelvic injury.
 Chest injury (tension pneumothorax).
6. Other Clinical Activities: (e.g. journal clubs, clinical seminars, discharge
notes, etc. Specify frequency and suggested topics; problem-based
learning session).
 Seminars.
 Group discussions.
 Discussion of emergency conditions in the hospital.
7. Continuous evaluation: (Write check lists during rotations, e.g. history
and clinical examination).
Continuous observation and assessment for each candidate through,
improving history taking and examination and regular presentation in
clinical rounds.

8. Number of Hours and Methods of Teaching:

Theoretical :4 hours/week
Practical : 10 hours/week
Clinical : 10 hours/week
Field :3 hours/week
Other :2 hours/week

9. Evaluation Methods:
1.Structured short answer questions( SSAQ ).

2.Problem solving

3.MCQs

4.Single best answer

5.Essays & short notes.

6.Clinical exams

7.OSCE

8.Continuous assessment, through ongoing assignments, class tests and

student presentations.

122
 Semester 9
Course Title: Surgery1
Course Code: SUR 511
Contact hours: 100
Credit hours: 6
Contents:
1. General Surgery:
 Infections, e.g. abscesses
 Wound healing.
 Body fluid and electrolyte.
 Hemorrhage and Blood transfusion.
 Burns
 Shock.
 Antibiotics.
 Tetanus.
 Gas gangrene.
 Filariasis.
 Madura- Actinomycosis .
 AIDS
 Sterilization and disinfection
 Preoperative preparation for surgical patients.
 Post operative complications.

123
 Semester 10
Course Title: Surgery2
Course Code: SUR 522
Contact hours: 180
Credit hours: 6
Contents:
 Skin and subcutaneous tissues.
 Skull, surgical bone diseases, trephine. Extradural
haemorrhage (head injury).
 Thyroid and parathyroid.Differential diagnosis of a lump in the
side of the neck, management of thyroid swelling,
complications of thyroidectomy.
 Cervical and supraclavicular lymphadenopathy, Hodgkin’s
disease. Lymphomas.
 Chest: chest injuries, pneumothorax, haemothorax, Ca
bronchus.
 Breast: anatomy of the breast, nipple discharge, benign breast
conditions, carcinoma of the breast.
 Oesophagus.
 GI surgery: stomach, duodenum, small and large bowel.
Rectum, anal canal, etc. anal pain ( painful anal conditions ),
perinal fistula, anorectal carcinoma
 GB and biliary tract, liver, spleen, etc. Hepatomegaly, jaundice,
portal hypertension, cholelithiasis
 Acute pancreatitis,Tumous of the pancreas

124
 Semester 11
Course Title: Surgery3
Course Code: SUR 533
Contact hours: 180
Credit hours: 6
Contents:
 Urogenital system: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, prostate, urethra, etc.
-Congenital anomalies of the urinary tract, Haematuria, Urinary calculi,
Urinary tract infections, Renal tumors, Benign and malignant enlargement of
the prostate, Urine retention, Diseases of the penis, Empty scrotum, Scrotal
swellings
 Hydrocoele, all types of hernia + hydrocoele and related topics.
 Vascular surgery: varicosities, ischemia, varicose veins, reteriovenous fistula,
deep vein thrombosis, etc.
 Neurosurgery: esp. peripheral nerve injuries.
 Surgical systems:
o Orthopaedics.
o Ophthalmology
o Anaesthesia.
o E.N.T.
 The surgery of trauma for all systems: Polytrauma patient, Chest trauma,
Abdominal trauma, Ruptured urethra and or bladder, Retroperitoneal trauma.
 Plastic surgery: e.g. hand and peripheral nerve injuries and how to manage
them.
 Skin graft and flaps
 Principles of laparoscopic surgery
 Audit in surgery
Topics to be covered by tutorials :
 Body fluids and electrolyte
 Shock
 Acute abdomen
 Chest injuries
 Head injuries
 Abdominal trauma
 Intestinal obstruction

125
 Goiter
 Breast carcinoma
 Urine retention
 Obstructive jaundice
 Portal hypertension
 Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
 Lower gastrointestinal bleeding
 Haematuria

126
 Obstetrics and Gynaecology Curriculum

1. Course Title and Index No.:

Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Level: Semester 9,10,11.

2. General Course Objectives:

The main objective of the obstetrical and gynaecological clerkship period is to
provide a set of learning experience in specified setting designed to foster the
acquisition of the competences required for the practice of the discipline. On
completion of the clerkship the student will have the required skills to
diagnose and manage all the emergency and common problems in the
discipline.

3. Specific Course Objectives:

a. Obstetrics:
By the end of the course the student will be able to:
 Outline the physiological changes in the mother during
pregnancy.
 Diagnose and manage normal pregnant women.
 Advise and educate pregnant women about pregnancy, labour
and puerperium.
 Define normal labour and describe its mechanism, stages and
how to monitor labour.
 Diagnose normal labour.
 Assess and alleviate the stress during labour.
 Perform episiotomies when needed and do proper stitching.
 Describe the physiology of normal puerperium.
 Detect any deviation from normal in the mother and baby.
 Assess the condition of the newborn, calculate the Apgar Score
and identify any malformation.
 Diagnose any medical complications during pregnancy.
 Outline the following obstetric conditions:
i. P.I.H. and eclampsia.
ii. APH.
iii. Hyperemesis gravidarum.
iv. Grand multiparity.
v. Elderly primigravida.
vi. Malpresentations of the foetus.
vii. Malposition of the foetal head.
viii. Multifoetal pregnancy.
ix. High head at term and cephalopelvic
disproportion.
x. Intrauterine foetal death.
xi. Obstructed and prolonged labour.
 Detect and describe the management of high risk pregnancy.
 Explain the management of labour which is complicated by any
medical or obstetric disorder.
 Diagnose and manage PPH.
 Recognise and manage obstetric emergencies; such as:

127
 i. Obstetric shock.
ii. Retained placenta.
iii. Prolonged labour.
iv. Precipitate labour.
v. Obstructed labour.
vi. Preterm labour.
vii. Ruptured uterus.
viii. Cord presentation and cord prolapse.
ix. Acute inversion of the uterus.
x. Postpartum collapse.
 Identify and manage complications of the puerperium.

b. Gynaecology:
 Explain the aetiology and management of the following
conditions which are emergencies:
i. Abortion.
ii. Trophoblastic disease.
iii. Ectopic pregnancy.
iv. Vaginitis.
v. Sexually transmitted infections.
vi. Abnormal vaginal bleeding.
vii. Postmenopausal bleeding.
viii. Crenital injuries.
ix. Amenorrhoea.
 Explain the aetiology and management of the following
conditions which are not emergencies but common
gynaecological problems:
i. Amenorrhoea.
ii. Uterovaginal prolapse.
iii. Dysmenorrhoea.
iv. Male and female infertility.
v. Dyspareunia and other sexual problems.
vi. Benign and malignant tumours of the genital tract.
vii. Vesicovaginal and rectovaginal fistulae.
 Provide pre-operative care to patients undergoing
gynaecological surgery.
 Explain the post-operative care for gynaecological patients.

4. Course Structure:
1. Lectures:
 History and examination of obstetrical and gynaecological patients.
 Important diagnostic procedures and investigations.
 Ethics in obstetrical and gynaecological practice.

 Antenatal care.
 High risk pregnancy.

 Abortion.
 Ectopic pregnancy.
 Trophoblastic disease.

128
 Management of normal labour.
 Foetal monitoring during labour.
 Management of puerperium.
 Care of the newborn.

 Management of the third stage of labour.

 Postpartum haemorrhage.
 Other complications of third stage of labour.

 Abnormal presentations.

 Pelvic contraction and cephalo-pelvic disproportion.

 Trial of labour.
 Abnormal uterine action and prolonged labour.
 Obstructed labour.
 Ruptured uterus.

 Pre-eclampsia.
 Hypertensive disorders.

 Multiple pregnancies.
 Hydramnios.
 Obstetric complications of grandmultiparity.

 Urinary tract infection in pregnancy and puerperium.

 Gynaecological infections (septic abortion, vaginitis, endometritis,
acute pelvic inflammatory disease and chronic pelvic infections).

 Antepartum haemorrhage.
 Anaemia in pregnancy.
 Malaria in pregnancy.

 Heart disease in pregnancy.

 Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy.
 Thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy.

 Rh-iso-immunisation.
 Induction of labour.
 Amenorrhoea.
 Infertility and common sexual complaints.
 Sexually transmitted infections.
 Dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
 Dysmenorrhoea.

 Fertility regulation and contraception.

 Uterine fibromyomata.
 Endometriosis and adenomyosis.

129
  Carcinoma of uterine cervix.
 Carcinoma of the endometrium.

 Tumours of the ovary.

 Disorders of the puerperium:

i. Puerperal infection.
ii. Puerperal anaemia.
iii. Deep vein thrombosis.
iv. Secondary post partum haemorrhage.
 Fistulae.

 Genital prolapse.
 Urinary incontinence.

 Acute abdomen in obstetrics.

2. Clinical Rotations:
During ward rounds whether routine ward rounds or teaching ward rounds
the students are expected to present the cases as they are to be allotted to
beds in a similar way as House Officers. The student should do history
taking, physical examination and follow up the investigation and the
management done to the patient during the clerkship period.
The teacher is expected to listen to the students’ presentations, guide them
during the presentation until all relevant signs and investigations are
identified and eventually discuss with them the diagnosis, prognosis, and
treatment of the case.

3. Cases in the Clinical Rounds (to be recorded in the Log Book):

 Symptoms and signs of pregnancy.
 Polyhydramnios.
 PET (PIH).
 Hypertension with pregnancy.
 Multifoetal pregnancy.
 Diabetes with pregnancy.
 Breech near term.
 PROM.
 APH.
 Puerperal sepsis.
 Heart disease with pregnancy.
 Non-engagement of the head after 34 weeks.
 Contracted pelvis.
 Threatened abortion.
 Hydatidiform abortion.
 Utero-vaginal prolapse.
 Ovarian tumours.
 Carcinoma of the cervix.
 Dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
4. Referred Clinics:

130
 Students are expected to attend the referred clinic once per week. It is
expected that the rotation in the Obs & Gyn should be 12 weeks and,
therefore students should attend 12 referred clinics. During these clinics
the student is expected to see the following cases:
 Anaemia with pregnancy.
 High risk pregnancy cases.
 PET.
 Multifoetal pregnancy.
 Normal pregnancy, complicated pregnancy, gynaecological
problems.

5. Major emergencies to be covered during rotation and included in Log

Book:
 All types of abortion.
 Ectopic pregnancy.
 Abnormal vaginal bleeding including dysfunctional.
 APH.
 Eclampsia.
 Obstructed and prolonged labour.
 Foetal distress during labour.
 Retained placenta.
 Postpartum haemorrhage.
 Acute pelvic infection.
 Puerperal pyrexia.
 Premature labour and premature rupture of membranes.
6. Other Clinical Activities:
Clinical Seminars:
One seminar per week making a total of 12 seminars. It should be in the
form of problem-based learning sessions. This should cover the major
problems in Obstetrics and Gynaecology which are not frequently seen in
the clinical ward rounds. These include:
1. Complications of abortions.
2. APH and its complications including DIC.
3. Postpartum collapse.
4. Management of eclampsia.
5. Puerperal sepsis.
6. Pelvic inflammatory disease.
7. Operative deliveries.
8. Complications of caesarean section.
9. Contraception.
10. Hormone replacement therapy.
11. Trophoblastic diseases.
12. Carcinoma of the cervix.
5. Continuous Evaluation:
History taking
Clinical examination
Investigations
Management

6. Number of Hours and Methods of Teaching:

131
  Theoretical lectures in 3 semesters 22x3 = 66 hrs
 Practical ward work 2x12x4 = 96hrs
 Practical emergency in casualty in Obs & Gynae 6x12 = 72 hrs
 Practical work in the O.R. in Obs & Gynae 6x12 = 72 hrs
 Clinical teaching rounds 12x2x3 = 72hrs
 Clinical seminars 12x4 (one per week) = 48 hrs

Check List of Skills Required in Obstetrics & Gynaecology

By the completion of the clerkship the student should be able to:

1. Estimate the height of the uterine fundus in weeks.
2. Estimate the size of the foetus.
3. Identify the lie, presentation, position of the foetus and engagement of the
foetal head.
4. Count the foetal heart beats using the stethoscope.
5. Perform vaginal examination to identify the following:
i. The landmarks of the pelvis.
ii. Cervical dilatation and effacement.
iii. Foetal position.
iv. Foetal station during labour.
6. Perform clinical assessment of the pelvis.
7. Rupture the membranes during labour if indicated.
8. Perform episiotomy and de-circumcision when necessary.
9. Stitch an episiotomy and perineal tears.
10. Conduct normal delivery.
11. Inspect the placenta and identify any abnormality.
12. Know how to use vaginal speculae.
13. Perform gynaecological examination to identify normal genital organs and
recognise abnormalities.
14. Perform surgical scrubbing, gowning and dressing.
Evaluation Methods:
1.Structured short answer questions( SSAQ ).

2.Problem solving

3.MCQs

4.Single best answer

5.Essays & short notes.

6.Clinical exams

8.OSPE

9.Continuous assessment, through ongoing assignments, class tests and

student presentations.

132
 Semester 9
Course Title: Obstetrics & Gynaecology1
Course Code: OBS 511
Contact hours: 100
Credit hours: 5

Contents:

 History and examination of obstetrical and gynaecological patients.

 Important diagnostic procedures and investigations.
 Ethics in obstetrical and gynaecological practice.

 Antenatal care.
 High risk pregnancy.

 Abortion.
 Ectopic pregnancy.
 Trophoblastic disease.
 Pre-eclampsia.
 Hypertensive disorders.

 Multiple pregnancies.
 Hydramnios.
 Obstetric complications of grandmultiparity.
 Amenorrhoea.
 Infertility and common sexual complaints.
 Sexually transmitted infections.
 Dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
 Dysmenorrhoea.

133
 Semester 10
Course Title: Obstetrics & Gynaecology2
Course Code: OBS 522
Contact hours: 100
Credit hours: 3
Contents:
 Urinary tract infection in pregnancy and puerperium.
 Gynaecological infections (septic abortion, vaginitis, endometritis,
acute pelvic inflammatory disease and chronic pelvic infections).

 Antepartum haemorrhage.
 Anaemia in pregnancy.
 Malaria in pregnancy.

 Heart disease in pregnancy.

 Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy.
 Thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy.
 Fertility regulation and contraception.
 Uterine fibromyomata.
 Endometriosis and adenomyosis.

 Carcinoma of uterine cervix.

 Carcinoma of the endometrium.
 Tumours of the ovary.

134
 Semester 11
Course Title: Obstetrics & Gynaecology3
Course Code: OBS 533
Contact hours: 100
Credit hours: 3
Contents:
 Management of normal labour.
 Foetal monitoring during labour.
 Management of puerperium.
 Care of the newborn.
 Management of the third stage of labour.
 Postpartum haemorrhage.
 Other complications of third stage of labour.
 Abnormal presentations.

 Pelvic contraction and cephalo-pelvic disproportion.

 Trial of labour.
 Abnormal uterine action and prolonged labour.
 Obstructed labour.
 Ruptured uterus.
 Disorders of the puerperium:
v. Puerperal infection.
vi. Puerperal anaemia.
vii. Deep vein thrombosis.
viii. Secondary post partum haemorrhage.
 Fistulae.

 Genital prolapse.
 Urinary incontinence.
 Acute abdomen in obstetrics.

135
 COMMUNITY MEDICINE

DURATION OF COURSE:
The course of community medicine is taught in semester I and semesters 5,6,7,8.

GENERAL COURSE OBJECTIVES:

The student should:
1. Appreciate the effects of community on health services planning and execution.
2. develop favourable attitude towards patients and community.
3. be able to lead a health team.
4. be able to propose, plan, execute and write a final report on medical and social
research.

SPECIFIC COURSE OBJECTIVES:

A. Clinical skills and procedures:
By the end of this course the student should be able to:
1. organise and administer a health area.
2. act as team leader in provision of curative, preventive and promotive services at
the level of health system.
3. take history and examine medical, surgical, obstetric and paediatric cases and
give the proper advice in 15 – 30 cases.
4. write a research proposal, implement it and write a final report.
5. write a Log Book on 15 – 30 cases.
B. Attitudes:
By the end of this course the student should be able to:
1. acquire a favourable attitude towards patients and community.
2. be compassionate.
3. act as health team leader.
4. to spearhead in the development of the community.
C. Knowledge Objectives:
By the end of this course the student should be able to know:
1. principles of primary health care.
2. history of primary health care, global and in the Sudan.
3. elements of primary health care, including MCH, immunisation, sanitation,
water supply, health education.
4. methods of applied field research, priority allocation, definition of problem,
methodology, experimentation, analysis and report writing.
5. epidemiology, definition, methods, case reports, case control, cohort.
6. statistics and statistical method of collection, presentation, analysis and
interpretation of data, and the different methods of testing them
COURSE CONTENT:
A. Lectures:
1. History of medicine and public health.
2. History, development, philosophy of PHC.
3. Elements of PHC.

136
 4. Principle of PHC.
5. implementation of PHC in the Sudan and milestones and problems of
implementation.
6. Organisation of health services in the Sudan at federal, state and local levels.
7. Health programs in the Sudan.
8. Health problems and the method of prioritising them.
9. Epidemiology and epidemiological methods, history, definitions, case reports,
case control, cohort.
10. Planning of surveys.
11. Statistical approach, definition, collection, analysis, presentation.
12. Interpretation of health and social data.
13. Sociology and psychology and the practice of medicine.

B. Clinical Rotations:
The class is divided into groups, 8 – 10 students each, and be attached to Health
Centres where they will rotate in different departments for 3 weeks, as follows:
1. Medical cases.
2. Surgical cases.
3. Obstetric cases.
4. Diseases of children.
5. Immunisations.
6. Nutrition.
7. Pharmacy.
8. Laboratory.
9. Statistical department in an outpatient department.

C. Other Duties:
1. Every student must prepare a research proposal, discuss it with staff and may
present it to the students.
2. Every student must implement his/her proposal in a community or health
facility and analyse and report on the research.

D. Continuous Evaluation
1. Assignments.
2. Seminars, tutorials, health centre.
3. Examinations.

E. Evaluation Methods:
Essays 
Short Notes. 
MCQs. 
Oral. 
Assignments. 

137
 Community Medicine Curriculum
Semester 1
Course Title: Introduction to Community Medicine & Behavioral Sciences
Course Code: COM 111
Contact hours: 30
Credit hours: 2

Course Objectives
By the end of the course the student should identify:
 The biological, socioeconomic and behavioral factors influencing the
health and disease process in individuals, social groups and community.
 The determinants of health.
 The indicators of health status of the population, population genetics and
biostatistics.
Course contents:
Introduction to community medicine - concepts of health & disease - man and the
environment - biomedical concepts - ecological concepts - psychosocial concepts -
health definition, dimension, determinants and indicators - concepts of wellbeing -
Introduction of population genetics and biostatistics

138
 Semester 2
Course Title: Primary health care (PHC)
Course Code: COM 122
Contact hours: 30
Credit hours: 2
Course Objectives
By the end of the course the student should:
 Define the philosophy, principles, components of Primary Health Care (PHC) and
basic health needs of the population.
 Describe the structure and function of the health care system at the peripheral and
health centre levels.
 Understand the principles and concepts of the health of special groups.
 Become aware of the health needs of special groups in the community.

Course contents:
 Health care of the community - concepts of health care - health systems - levels of health
care - comprehensive health care -basic health services.
 Primary health care; definition, principles, elements of PHC - health status & health
problems - health care delivery system - health needs analysis - resources and health care
systems.

139
 Semester 3
Course Title: Environmental &Occupational health
Course Code: COM 213
Contact hours: 30
Credit hours: 2
Course Objectives
 Describe and understand the demographic, socio-cultural, behavioral and
environmental characteristics of the community.
 Identify sources of water and criteria of water quality - drinking water surveillance
methods - waste disposal methods.
 Assess the environmental health needs.
 Recognize environmental hazards arising from waste, methods of collection,
treatment and disposal of waste.
 Identify the components of food safety and food borne disease control methods
Course contents:

Social and cultural characteristics of the community. Water sources & treatment - safe
& wholesome water - water pollution - water purification - water quality criteria -
water quality standards - drinking water surveillance - air pollution - ventilation -
lighting - noise – radiation - effects of meteorological environment - air temperature -
solid wastes disposal and control - excreta disposal - medical entomology - arthropods
of medical importance - arthropod borne disease - food safety and food borne
disease.

140
SEMSTER 4
Course Title: Information system & Biostatistics
Course Code: COM 224
Contact hours: 30
Credit hours: 2
Course Objectives
 Identify and describe means of data collection, analysis, interpretation and
presentation.
 Identify the components of health information system sources and
 Describe the demographic features of the community.
Utilize health statistics and population surveillance in planning
Course contents:
(A) Data & information: health information systems; components, uses and sources -
the census registration of vital events - sample registration system - notification of
disease - hospital records - disease registration and records - epidemiological
surveillance - environmental health data - health manpower - population surveys.
(B) Medical statistics: types of data /variables - descriptive statistics - measures of
central values and location - normal distribution - measures of dispersion and
skewness - sample and population - estimation & test of significance - correlation &
regression.

141
 SEMSTER 5
Course Title: Epidemiology
Course Code: COM 315
Contact hours: 30
Credit hours: 2

Course Objectives
By the end of the course the student should identify:
 Principles of epidemiology, epidemiological approach to define and measure
health status of the community.
 Epidemiological methods designed to answer questions concerning disease
causations/falters, national history, evaluation of intervention.
Course contents:
Principles, definition and basic measurements in epidemiology - morbidity and
mortality measurements, measurements of disability - indicators of the health status -
disease surveillance - distribution of disease by time, place and person - association
& causation - concepts of disease causation - theories of disease causation - screening
- epidemiological methods - descriptive, analytical and experimental epidemiology -
health need assessment

142
 Semester 6
Course Title: Health Management & Health Economics
Course Code: COM 326
Contact hours: 30
Credit hours: 2
Course Objectives
 The student will be introduced to management of health care delivery systems and
health economics.
 Course Contents:
 Health systems management, planning, monitoring and evaluation - cost effectiveness -
cost benefit analysis - health need assessment - health management and disaster.

143
 Semester 7
Course Title: Tropical Medicine
Course Code: COM 417
Contact hours: 100
Credit hours: 5

Course Objectives
By the end of the course the student should:
 Estimate the burden of communicable diseases at individual, national, regional
and global levels.
 Define communicable and non-communicable diseases.
 Explain the relationship between agents, host and environment.
 Understand that, disease is a multidimensional phenomenon.
 Explain the biological laws of disease.
 Comprehend the mode of transmission, entry and exit of communicable disease.
 Categorize communicable diseases according to mode of transmission.
 Comprehend the national history of diseases.
 Understand the common infectious diseases in the Sudan, in the region and at

144
 global levels.
 Explain methods used in the prevention and control of infectious diseases
Course Contents:
Epidemiology of infectious disease - dynamics of disease transmission - routes of
transmission - the susceptible host - incubation period - communicable period -
secondary attack rate - specific defenses, active and passive immunity - immunizing
agents - disease prevention & control - immunization schedule - disinfection -
investigations of an epidemic - prevention/ and control of major epidemic & endemic
diseases in Sudan.
Epidemiology, aetiology, pathology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment
prognosis, prevention & control measures of:
a) Individual disease commonly encountered in the Sudan such as tuberculosis,
meningitis, diarrheal diseases, cholera, enteric fever, brucellosis, rabies, HIV
& sexually transmitted disorders, measles and tetanus.
Individual endemic diseases such as malaria, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis,
onchcerciasisetc

Semester 8
Course Title: Research Methodology & Student's Research Project & Rural
Residence
Course Code: COM 428
Contact hours: 150
Credit hours: 8

Course Objectives
By the end of the course the student should be able to:
 Review critically the literature.
 Manage data.
 Select the appropriate study designs to conduct a research.
 Plan & conduct a survey.
 Write a research proposal, scientific report/papers.
 Critically appraise scientific papers.

145
Course Contents:
Research proposal, research objectives and methods - literature review - study designs
- data management - writing scientific; report or paper - critical appraisal of scientific
papers

FORENSIC MEDICINE & TOXICOLOGY

CURRICULUM

Course Title and Index No.: Phase IV; Semester 7,8.

General Course Objectives:

(General learning outcomes expected from this course)
To acquire basic medical knowledge and skills concerning the main areas and
branches of forensic medicine and toxicology.

Specific Course Objectives:

a. Clinical Skills and Procedures:
(Essential skills to be acquired by students during this course to be
included in Log Book)
1. Part I: Forensic Medicine:
By the end of this course the student should be able to:
1. Diagnose and describe types of wounds.
2. Diagnose and describe regional injuries of head, chest and
abdomen.
3. Discuss injuries by burns, scalds, electrification and lightning.
4. Describe work injuries.

146
 5. Describe signs and duration of pregnancy and signs of recent
delivery.
6. Diagnose and differentiate between types of abortion.
7. Estimate the age of the foetus, child and adult.
8. Discuss and describe the different types of sexual offences.
9. Describe the effects of thirst, starvation and neglect.
10. Discuss the signs of death.
11. Identify changes which occur after death and determine the time
of death.
12. Recognise human remains.
13. Interpret different tools of identification, e.g. X-rays, finger
prints, DNA print, role of teeth, etc.
14. Discuss suspicious neonatal and infant deaths.
15. Discuss and describe battered baby syndrome.
16. Discuss the legal procedure including dying declarations, the
death certificate and certification of live and still births.
17. Discuss the medico-legal aspects of insanity.
18. Discuss the role of mortuary.
19. Outline the steps and techniques required for medicolegal
autopsies.
20. Outline the steps and preparations needs for performing an
examination.
21. Write clear reports based upon actual observations and scientific
data and to deliver expert opinion as evidence at courts.
22. Discuss the medical ethics and the regulatory role of Sudan
Medical Council in the practice of medicine.

2. Part II: Toxicology:

By the end of this course the student should be able to:
1. Discuss laws regulating sale of poisons and the general facts about
poisons.
2. Diagnose and manage corrosive poisons.
3. Diagnose and manage irritant poisons.
4. Diagnose and manage analgesic, hypnotic, tranquiliser and narcotic
poisons.
5. Diagnose and manage stimulant, excitant and convulsant poisons.
6. Diagnosis and management of paralytic, anticholinesterases and
antihistamine poisons.
7. Diagnose and manage gaseous and volatile poisons.
8. Diagnose and manage plant, flora and fungi.

b. Attitudes:

c. Knowledge Objectives:

10. Course Structure:

8. Lectures, Seminars, Tutorials, etc.

147
 9. Clinical Rotations: (Identify specific cases to be covered during clinical
rotation)
(Describe process of clinical ward rounds: patient preparation, roles of
teachers, roles of students, etc.)
g. Cases in clinical rounds (to be included in Log Book)

h. Referred clinics (frequent per rotation):

i. Emergency Dept.: (major emergency cases to be covered during

rotation and included in Log Book).

10. Other Clinical Activities: (e.g. journal clubs, clinical seminars, discharge
notes, etc. Specify frequency and suggested topics;
problem-based learning session).

11. Continuous evaluation: (Write check lists during rotations, e.g. history
and clinical examination).

11. Number of Hours and Methods of Teaching:

12. Evaluation Methods:

1.Structured short answer questions( SSAQ ).

2.Problem solving

3.MCQs

4.Single best answer

5.Essays & short notes.

6.Clinical exams

7.Oral

8.OSCE

9.Continuous assessment, through ongoing assignments, class tests and

student presentations.

148
 Semester 7
Course Title: Forensics medicine1
Course Code: FOR 411
Contact hours: 100
Credit hours: 5
Course contents:
1 Introduction to forensic medicine
2 Wounds
3 Firearms weapons
4 Death & postmortem changes
5 Dying declaration
6 Identification
7 Asphyxia
8 Drawing

149
 9 Burns
10 Electrocution
11 Sexual crimes
12 Pregnancy
13 Abortion
14 Sudden infant death syndrome
15 Infanticide

Forensics and Toxicology

Semester 8
Course Title: Forensics medicine and Toxicology
Course Code: FOR 422
Contact hours: 150
Credit hours: 7
Course contents:
1 Introduction to toxicology
2 First aids in poisoning
3 Corrosives
4 Analgesics
5 Hair dye
6 Insecticide

150
7 Cholinesterase inhibitors- antihistamine
8 Tranquilizer
9 Petroleum distillates
10 Alcohol
11 Stimulants, excitatants & convulsants
12 Hypnotics, anticonvulsants,depressants
13 Narcotics,Alkaloid,opium and synthetic narcotics
14 Meatalic poisons
15 Gaseous & volatile poisons
16 Medicolegal significance of blood groups
17 Psychiatric forensic medicine
18 Medical ethics
19 Sudan medical council

151
 Semester 7
Course Title: Integrated course
Course Code: INT41
Contact hours: 150
Credit hours: 9

PROPOSED INTEGRATION PHASE IN SEMESTER 7

PHASE SEMESTER SUBJECT HOURS COMMENTS

1/ Autonomic NS 1 Week Final Student has
Physio+Pharma + Anat to pass to be
2/ Anaemias + polycythaemia. 1 Week promoted to
Physio+ Path+Pharma+ med Phase V.
3/ Haemostasis+ Blood transfusion 1 Week
Path+Physio+ Med
4/ CVS: Blood pressure Peripheral
vascular resistance Ischaemic heart An, organizer
disease Congestive heart failure 1 Week from any
All Department discipline MUST
5/ Respiratory system Emergencies: be appointed to
Asthma, Bronchitis, obstruction, 1 Week run this Phase.
Respiratory failure; TB
Pharma+Med+CM+MICRO+Med Organiser acts as
IV Semester 7 6/ Antibiotics & common infections. 1 Week Head of Dept. of
Physio+Path+Pharma=Med Phase and
7/ renal System: Renal failure (Acute 1 Week consults with
& Chronic); Gout Heads of Depts.
Physio+Path+Pharma=Med Or their
8/ GIT: Reflux (GOR); Liver 1 Week representatives.
dysfunction; jaundice
All Departments Exact Timetables
9/ Neoplasia 1 Week to be made by
Path+ Pharma+Surg+Med Organiser.
10/ Endocrine: Pituitary; Thyroid; 1 Week
Parathyroid; Pancreas; Adrenals; The List order is
Gonads. not fixed, so that
All Departments one topic can be
11/ CNS: Cranial nerves; UMND; 1 Week moved up or
LMND; Viral dis; Degenerative dis.; down according
CSM; CVAs; to other duties of
All Departments. Staff.

152
Key:
Anat: Anatomy Department
Path: Pathology Department
Physio: Physiology Department
Pharma: Clinical Pharmacology Department
Micro: Microbiology Department.
CM: Department of Community Medicine
Med: Department of Medicine
Surg: Department
CSM:cerebrospinal meningitis.

153
 EAR NOSE AND THROAT (ENT) COURSE

DURATION:
Lectures,Practical (clinical) 30 hours.

CONTENTS
1. Lectures:
a) External. & Inner ear diseases.
b) Acute. Otitis Media
c) Chronic Otitis Media
d) Inflammations of the nose & sinus
e) Sinusitis: Acute &Chronic complications
f) Epistaxis
g) Neoplasm's of the nose & sinus
h) Allergic Disease +U.R.T.I (epiglotitis, croup, diphtheria)
i) Adenotonsilitis : complications &management
j) Tracheostomy: Indications, care, complications
k) ENT Emergencies & F.B in ENT
l)Pharyngolaryngeal tumours: Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, salivary glands,
hypopharynx.

2. Selected Topics For Seminars And Tutorial:

a) Deafness: Types & Causes.
b) Dysphagia.
c) Tracheostomy: Indications, care, complications.
d) Epistaxis.
e) Ototoxic Agent.
f) Vocal cords disorders.

3. Clinical Practice and Skills

Students are divided into subgroups.( 2Hours daily rounds for 4 weeks).
a) Discussion basic knowledge of ENT head &neck disorders.
b) Working in out patients units, using instruments.
c) Diagnosis, taking history of ENT patients.

4. Examination:
a) OSCE.
b) MCQ.

5. References:
1. A synopsis of otolaryngology: J. Groves, R.F. Gray
2. Logan Turner Diseases of the Nose Throat and Ear; AGD Maran.
3. Lecture Notes in ENT; Fox.

154
 ANAESTHESIA COURSE
DURATION:
Lectures,Practical (clinical) 30 hours
.
LECTURE COURSE
1. Definition and types of anaesthesia.
2. Types of general anaesthesia.
3. Major complications of general anaesthesia.
4. Minor complications of general anaesthesia.
5. Local anaesthetic techniques.
6. Spinal anaesthesia, indications and complications.
7. Pharmacology:
 Atropine.
 Intravenous induction agents.
 Inhalational agents.
 Muscle relaxants and their antagonists.
 Opioid analgesics:
Morphine.
Pethidine.
 Intravenous fluids.
 Local anaesthetic drugs.
8. Blood transfusion and its complications.
9. cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

PRACTICAL COURSE
1. Insertion of I.V. cannulae.
2. Administration of all types of G.A.
3. Spinal anaesthetic techniques.
4. Anaesthetic equipment, machine, endotracheal tubes, laryngoscopes, etc.
5. Drugs.

155
 OPHTHALMOLOGY COURSE
DURATION:
Lectures, Practical (clinical): 30 hours.

CONTENTS:
1. Theory:
1. Anatomy of the eye.
2. Common eye diseases.
3. Common causes of blindness in Sudan.
4. Differential diagnosis of red eye.
5. Refractive errors.
6. Conjunctivitis.
7. Trachoma.
8. Eye trauma.

2. Practical:
1. Perform a complete eye examination ( fundus examination by slit
lamp and indirect ophthalmoscopy).
2. Attendendence of minor surgery.(4-6hrs)
3. Diagnose and plan to treat most common eye conditions.
4. Attendence of referred Clinics & medical works

156
 SKIN DISEASES COURSE
Timing:
Course is taught in semester 9 after completing the introductory course in
Medicine.

Duration:
Lectures,Practical (clinical): 30 hours

Course Objectives:
By the completion of this course the student should be:
1. familiar with the dermatological terminology.
2. develop the ability to take a history from patients with skin disease, and
describe the skin lesions (primary and secondary) appropriately.
3. knowledgeable about common skin diseases, with special relevance diseases
more prevalent in the Sudan
4. familiar with basic information about different therapeutic topical skin
preparations.
5. able to recognise the importance of specific skin lesions in the diagnosis of
some systemic disorders.
Course Content:
1. Structure and function of the skin.
2. Skin lesions and fundamentals of diagnosis.
3. Papulosquamous skin lesions: topics to be covered: psoriasis, lichen planus,
pityriasis rosea.
4. Cutaneous changes in disorders of altered reactivity: selected topic: eczema
and urticaria.
5. Infectious diseases:
a. Bacterial diseases: impetigo contagiosum, SSSS (Riter's disease)
erysipelas, furuncle, carbuncle and erythrasma.
Diseases caused by mycobacteria: leprosy, cutaneous tuberculosis.
b. Fungal infections: dermophytosis: Tinea capitis, T. corporis, T. cruris.
Yeasts: pityriasis versicolor, candida albicans infections
Onychomycosis.
Deep fungal infections: mycetoma.
c. Viral infections: Herpes virus: Herpes simplex, Herpes zoster.
Warts and Molluscum contagiosum.
d. Sexually transmitted diseases: syphilis, gonorrhoea, chancroid, skin
manifestations of HIV.
e. Parasitic infections: cutaneous mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, scabies,
pediculosis, and larva migrans.
f. Filarial infections: onchocerciasis, and dracunculiasis.
6. Sebaceous glands disorders: selected topic: acne vulgaris.
7. Disorders of skin appendages (hiar, nails): selected topic: alopecia areata.
8. Bullous and vesico-bullous disorders: pemphigus vulgaris, bullous
pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis, and erythema multiforme.
9. Cutaneous manifestations of different systemic diseases.
Evaluation of outcome of course:
A written paper + OSPE (or slide projections) examinations, are to be arranged at
the end of the course.
Total mark 10% out of the continuous assessment in Medicine, to be recorded in
the final M.B.,B.S. examination

157
ORTHOPAEDICS AND TRAUMATOLOGY COURSE

1. COURSE TITLE AND INDEX NO. :

Orthopaedics and traumatology

2. GENERAL COURSE OBJECTIVES:

Student will be able to:
a) Identify medical emergencies in accident and emergency department and
to be able to outline their active management.
b) Apply clinical skills in collection of data and physical examination and
request appropriate investigations.

3. SPECIFIC COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1. Clinical skills and procedures: (Essential skills to be acquired by students
during this course to be included in log Book).
a) Interpretation of X-ray pathology.
b) Ability to perform casts and splints and application of resuscitation
measures.
c) Handling of traumatized individuals.
d) Minor surgical procedures (attending).
2. Attitudes (communication, patients, to other members of the health team).
Ability of the student to communicate with patients and other members of
the health team is part of communication skills.
3. Knowledge objectives:(Areas to be included in this course)
By the end of the course the student should be able to outline the causes,
clinical presentation, investigation and discuss the management of:
1. The critically injured patient regarding: -
a) Resuscitation
b) Evaluation assessment
c) Management
2. Different types of wounds including missile injuries
3. Spinal injuries
a) Cervical injury
b) Dorsolumber and paraplegia
4. Common fractures
a) Closed fractures
b) Open fractures and their classification
c) Pelvis fractures
d) Common dislocations

4. COURSE STRUCTURE:
1. Lectures (specific lecture titles)

GENERAL ORTHOPAEDICS
1) Infections.
2) Osteomyelitis
3) Septic arthritis
4) Tuberculosis (spinal)
5) Osteoarthritis
6) Bone tumours
7) Poliomyelitis

158
 8) Cerebral palsy
9) Peripheral nerve injuries
10) Some metabolic diseases
a) Osteoporosis
b) Osteopetrosis

PAEDIATRIC ORTHOPAEDICS
1) Limping child
2) Perthe`s disease
3) Developmental dysplasia of the hip
4) Slipped capital femoral epiphyses

TRAUMA
1) Principles of fracture management
2) Multiply injured patient
3) Shoulder, arm, elbow, forearm, wrist and hand fractures
4) Hip, femur, knee, leg, ankle and foot fractures
5) Pelvis fractures
6) Spinal injury

A) CASES IN CLINICAL ROUNDS (TO BE INCLUDED IN LOG BOOK)

1. Open fractures
2. Proximal femur fracture
3. Acetabular fractures
4. Osteomyelitis
5. Septic arthritis
6. Benign bone tumours
7. Malignant bone tumours
8. Pathology of spinal conditions
9. Secondary deposits
10. Paraplegic patient
11. Supracondylar fracture

B) REFERRED CLINICS :( FREQUENCY PER ROTATION)

These are 8 referral clinics per rotation.
Aimed at improving the ability to work out diagnosis.

C) EMERGENCY DEP. (MAJOR EMERGENCY CASES TO BE COVERED DURING

ROTATION AND INCLUDED IN LOGBOOK).
1. Severely injured patient
2. Pelvic injury
3. Crushed limbs
4. Shock
5. Acute compartment syndrome
6. Cervical injury

3. OTHER CLINICAL ACTIVITIES: (E.G. JOURNAL CLUBS, CLINICAL SEMINARS,

DISCHARGE NOTES.
Clinical tutorials and seminars on common orthopaedic conditions.
 Osteoporosis

159
  Developmental dysplasia of hip
 Some endocrine disorders
 Neglected and malunited fractures

4. CONTINUOUS EVALUATION:
Based on:
Mini quiz.
Presenting cases
Tests

5. NUMBER OF HOURS AND METHODS OF TEACHING:

Theoretical: 36 hours
Practical: (emergency duties) 16 hours
Clinical: 36 hours
Field: ------------
Other: -------------
5. EVALUATION METHODS:
1.Structured short answer questions( SSAQ ).

2.Problem solving

3.MCQs

4.Single best answer

5.Essays & short notes.

6.Clinical exams

7.OSCE

8.Continuous assessment, through ongoing assignments, class tests and

student presentations.

160
 PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS COURSE
TIMING:
Semester 8.
COURSE DURATION:
Theory:
4 – 6 hours
Clinical:
In specialised hospital, referred clinics and ward. 12 – 16 hours (minimum
of 2 hours per week.
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
1. To develop the ability to communicate with patients with psychiatric
disorders, and to be familiar with symptomatology of patients with different
psychiatric disorders.
2. Make the student well oriented with the relevant basic studies needed,
concerning the family, living environment and community and be able to
provide the needed support accordingly.
3. Make students familiar with the different forms of therapies available for
psychiatric patients (psychotherapy, drug therapy, ECT, etc.)
4. Highlight the importance of correlating psychiatric manifestations, with other
clinical features, and be aware of possible underlying medical disorders, e.g.
SLE, hyperthyroidism, malignancies, brucellosis, etc.

COURSE CONTENT:
1. Mental disorders: anxiety disorders, panic and phobic disorders, stress
disorders, obsessive, compulsive disorders.
2. Mood disorders:
Depressive disorders, mania and related disorders.
Bipolar disorders
3. Personality disorders other than schizophrenia
4. Schizophrenia.
5. Psychosomatic (somatoform) disorders
Somatisation disorder
Conversion disorder
Hypochodriasis
Munchausen's syndrome
Malingering

161