Vietnam A Global Engine of Growth
Vietnam A Global Engine of Growth
Vietnam A Global Engine of Growth
Over the past decades, Vietnam has emerged as an attractive hotspot with substantial capital inflows, attributed to robust economic growth,
strategic location, and abundant market potentials. Vietnam ranks 70th over 190 other countries in “Ease of Doing Business” research by World
Bank Group 2020, coupled with ongoing government’s effort on policy reforms, which paves the way for Vietnam’s pro-business environment
going forward.
This report presents some highlight on macroeconomic overview, business environments as well as investment opportunities in the
Vietnam: Tech-enabled sectors, modern B2B services and green-focused initiatives are among the most potential verticals for future growth.
However, to ensure success, it is imperative to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the market entry strategy and the ability to thrive, taking
into account the various economic, legal, operational and environmental challenges that may arise.
Methodology. This report uses proprietary data from Golden Gate Ventures and public databases/reports to draw meaningful analysis.
1
Vietnam: At a Glance
Ha Noi
ECONOMIC INDICATORS
Vietnam has been outperforming its regional peers in terms of GDP growth rate and is In 2022, Vietnam achieved economic stability despite global turmoil with decent
expected to keep up with this momentum in the upcoming years economic growth and inflation being under control compared to regional peers
GDP Growth rate (%annual) - 2020 - 2024F GDP per capita ($US 2015 constant & CAGR from 2017-2022)
Vietnamese households focus on human development, proven by the highest % As a major agenda in the national development focus, urbanization has picked up
spending on education and healthcare than regional peers speed to support Vietnam’s ambitious growth trajectory
Spending as % of household income in 2022 Urbanization rate (% of total population), 2022 & Average urban population annual growth rate (2018-2022)
Average growth
(‘18-’22)
0.1% 2% 1.7% 2.1% 2.8% 1.6%
3
Source: Vietnam General Statistics Office, Philippine Statistics Authority, Singapore Department of Statistics, Vietnam Ministry of Planning and Investment, Passport Euromonitor, IMF, World Bank.
Macroeconomic overview | Vietnam has emerged as a hotspot for
FDI especially manufacturing, with APAC countries as major
contributors
Vietnam has emerged to be one of the most
Vietnam, Disbursed FDI (2015 - 5M2023) and 2023 forecast, billion USD
attractive destinations for FDI in the SEA
region
Covid-19 pandemic
(*) We expect Vietnam will maintain the current CAGR of 6.4% in FDI Disbursement in 2023 amid global economic downturns, amounting to $24B for FDI projects by year-end 2023. The shaded area is actual figure for 5M2023.
4
Source: Vietnam Ministry of Planning and Investment, Golden Gate Ventures
Macroeconomic overview | In the near term, Vietnam is expected to
maintain strong momentum and achieve highest growth forecast
ASEAN-6 Real GDP growth (%), 2020–2025F
Vietnam was the only one to log real As the global supply chain shift
Vietnam is on track to sustain its
economic growth in 2020, thanks to its quick continues to take place and
outperformer position in SEA if
success in curbing the pandemic, whilst other manufacturing being the key driver,
leveraging well its strong growth
economic recovery is further delayed by Vietnam's export is expected to
momentum
recurring and prolonged COVID waves exceed most others in the region
1
0
0
202 202 2022 2023 2024 2025
0 1 E F F F
80
Change in trade of goods
-23 -10
(major corridors1,
-26 47
2031F vs. 2021, $B) 17
6
Canada UK
55 -38EU -262 90
338 Russia
China
>$1 Tn US -63
39 20
72
32
Japan/
Increase in 21 83 70 South Korea
trade for 7 93 GCC 27
438 2
ASEAN
2031 Mexico 172 India
236
35 21
42 59
137
73
ASEAN
Legend 136
Jul- Jun’ Mar’ Jun’ Jun’ Aug’ Dec’ Feb’ Jun’ Aug’ Oct’ Nov’ Dec’ Jan’ Feb’ Mar’
Sep’18 19 20 20 21 21 21 22 22 22 22 22 22 23 23 23
Increases parts Plans to invest Invest more Partners with Expands Start its 2nd Moves Considers
supplies from an additional than US $1 Dai An Group its mnfg. mega plant in production of investment in
China to US$45 million billion factory for $1 B pharma site in Vietnam Vietnam MacBooks from Vietnam for
Vietnam in its subsidiary in Vietnam manufacturing China into chip packaging
Corporate in Vietnam plant Vietnam assembly plant
actions
1. CAI: The EU-China Compressive Agreement on Investment; 2. Corporate action's date is the date of news article stating intention 7
Source: Reuters, VnExpress, BCG Global Advantage Geopolitics & Trade Impact Analysis
Macroeconomic overview | Vietnam will see a significant growth in
its middle class and affluent population in the next 10 years,
especially in emerging cities
2021 2030
Hà
25 cities with
Hà Cao Cao
Lai Lai Giang
Lào Giang Lào Bằng
14 cities with
Bằng Châu
Châu Cai Bắc Kạn Cai Bắc Kạn
Thái >200,000 Điện Biên
Thái
Điện Biên Tuyên LạngNguyên
>200,000 MACs Phủ
Tuyên LạngNguyên
MACs
Yên Quang Yên Quang Bắc Ninh
Phủ
Vĩnh Bắc Sơn Bắc Ninh Vĩnh Sơn
Bắc
Bái Bái
Yên Việt Trì Giang Yên Việt Trì Giang
Sơn Hạ Sơn New Hanoi Hạ
New Hanoi
La Long La Long
Hoà Hoà
Hưng Hải Hưng Bình Hải
Bình
Phủ Phủ
Yên Yên Hải Dương
Lý Hải Dương Lý
Thanh Hoá Nam
Hanoi, Bac Ninh, Hai
Thanh Hoá Nam Phòng Phòng
Định Thái Định Thái
Ninh Bình Ninh Bình
Delta
Vin Vin
Phong h
Hà
h
Hà
seaport in Vietnam
Đồng
Hới industrial areas and FDI Đồng
Hới
companies setting up
Da Nang
Đông Hà Đông Hà
plants
Huế Huế
Focus on ICT, tourism,
Đà Đà
Nẵng Nẵng logistic sectors, and
Tam Kỳ
Tam Kỳ
Quảng Quảng attract more FDI ->
Kon
Ngãi
Kon
Ngãi
major share of MAC in
Tum Tum
Central Vietnam
Ho Chi Minh Pleik Qui
Nhơn
Pleik
u
Qui
Nhơn
u
Economic center of
Vietnam Buôn Ma Thuột Tuy Hòa Buôn Ma Thuột Tuy Hòa
Gia Gia
Nghĩa Nha Trang Nghĩa Nha Trang
Đồng Đà Lạt Đồng
Đà Lạt
Xoài Tây Ninh Xoài
Tây Ninh Thủ Dầu Một Phan Rang-Tháp Thủ Dầu Một Phan Rang-Tháp
Chàm Biên Chàm
TP.Hồ Chí
Biên
Phan Can Tho TP.Hồ Chí Minh Hòa
Ho Chi Minh &
Hòa Phan
Cao Minh Thiết Cao
Lãnh Long Vũng Center of Mekong Lãnh Long Vũng Thiết
Tân
An
Xuyên
Cần
Thơ
Tàu Mỹ Tho
Bến Tre Delta region for
Tân
An
Xuyên Cần
Thơ
Tàu
Bến Tre
Mỹ Tho Southeast region
Rạch
Rạch
Giá
Trà Vinh
economic activities Giá
Trà Vinh
Sóc Trăng
House more MACs -
Vị Sóc Trăng Vị Thanh
Vĩnh Thanh
Cà
Bạc
Liêu and MAC population
Vĩnh
Long
Bạc
Liêu
more industrial parks
Long
Mau Cà and logistic in Ba Ria –
Mau
Vung Tau
More than 1,000,000 MACs 500,000–1,000,000 MACs 200,000–500,000 MACs Less than 200,000 MACs
Vietnam acts as an indispensable link into the global supply chain Being an export-driven economy, Vietnam has also established
with long coastline of 3,260 km stretches across the country diplomatic connections with numerous markets and global powers
Mainland
China VIETNAM
Top 50 Kyrgyzstan Kazakhstan Armenia Belarus
RCEP ASEAN4
3 seaports of Vietnam named Cambodia Philippines Indonesia Thailand Russia
Thailand in the World’s largest cargo
VCFTA
Philippines
throughput (2020) (1) South Korea Laos VIETNAM
Singapore Brunei Malaysia Chile Mexico
VKFTA
Myanmar
Japan New Zealand Australia Peru Canada
Malaysia
14th CPTPP
Vietnam’s rank on Liner Myanmar
Mainland China Hong Kong
In negotiation
Singapore
Shipping Connectivity Index EU
Indonesia (2022Q4) (2) EVFTA UAE Canada Israel
Currently, Vietnam has created diplomacy with 178 nations and has developed
economic, trade, and investment relationships with 224 countries and territories.
Vietnam’s sea area locates in the important maritime routes and the air lines between ● Vietnam holds memberships in various international organizations
the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, between Europe, the Middle East and
Mainland China, Japan and other regional countries.
33 airports 320 seaports & river ports * Non-exhaustive
(11 international airports) (163 international ports) ● Vietnam has 15 active (signed) Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) and other 4
under negotiation.
Notes: The RHS diagram is for visualization purposes only, this is non-exhaustive list of Vietnam’s FTAs. Full list of Vietnam’s FTAs is in Appendix - Vietnam FTAs.
(1) According to Lloyd’s list of 100 Ports 2020 at Lloyd's List, the latest update by Lloyd Maritime Company (UK)): Sai Gon port (ranking 22nd), Hai Phong port (ranking 28th) Cai Mep port (ranking 32nd).
(2) Vietnam had an index of 76.37 in 2022Q4 by UNCTAD. The index can be considered a proxy for accessibility to global trade through the shipping network. The higher the index, the easier it is to access a high capacity and frequency global maritime freight transport system and
effectively participate in international trade.
(3) EFTA including Norway, Switzerland, Iceland, Liechtenstein)
(4) ASEAN has multilateral trade agreements with India, Mainland China, New Zealand, Australia, Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong.
10
Source: EY, SEA map attributed to VectorFlag.com, Lloyd’s List Intelligence, Open Development Vietnam, Website of WTO Center under Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry at https://www.trungtamwto.vn/, Vietnam General Consulate Houston, visualization adapted from Asia
Briefing.
Business environment | Vietnam also offers powerful competitive
advantages in workforce, living environment and corporate tax treatments
Competitive labour cost Hospitable living environment for expatriates
Minimum monthly wages of Vietnam vs Countries, 2022, $ Expat City ranking, 2021
473
380
310
231
6th 1st 5th 11th 13th
200
Workforce in manufacturing sector, 2022, million people and Corporate income tax across major APAC countries, 2022
percentage of total population
14% 10% 8% 4% 9% 30%
13 25% 25% 24%
6 20%
1 2 k
4 1
4 3
Vietnam China Indonesia Philippines Malaysia Vietnam China Indonesia Philippines Malaysia
Note: Expat City ranking is annual report from InterNation where expats are asked to share personal experiences from the quality of life to working abroad
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Source: Oxford Economics, InterNation, BCG analysis
Business environment | Investment incentives are also provided to support
economic breakthroughs in many key industries in Vietnam
Industry-based tax incentives in Vietnam
Summary of Prioritized Business Lines and Projects Eligible for Investment Incentives In Vietnam
Description: Investment projects in the following sector Manufacturing projects with a Investment projects in the
categories: minimum invested capital of VND following sector categories:
➢ Information technology 6,000 billion, and which meet one of ➢ Education
➢ Biotechnology the following ➢ Vocational training
➢ New Material technology ➢ Annual revenues of VND 10,000 ➢ Healthcare
➢ Automation technology billion by the fourth year of ➢ Culture
➢ Supporting products for high operations ➢ Sports
technology ➢ Employment of at least 3,000 ➢ Environmental
➢ Scientific research and development workers
➢ Software production
Manufacturing projects** with a
minimum investment capital of VND
12,000 billion and which utilize certain
technologies.
Incentives: 10 percent CIT for 15 years* 10 percent CIT for 15 years* 10 percent for entire life of project
CIT exemption for 4 years** CIT exemption for 4 years** 4 years of CIT exemption**
50 percent reduction on payable CIT for 9 50 percent reduction on payable CIT 5 years of 50 percent reduction
years for 9 years on payable CIT
* From the first year of operating income generation
**from the first year of profit 12
Note: Projects invested into within economic zones may be liable to different treatment.
Source: Vietnam Briefing
Investment opportunities | Government direction to double down on
3 key growth pillars to restructure the engine of economic growth …
Vietnam’s shifting of FDI strategy from Key selecting factors for FDI
“attracting at all costs” to “selectively attracting”
High quality
High quality
Focus on project that blended into the • Prioritizing value added investment to the people
such as Education, R&D, Supply chain linkages, etc.
development plan of the country
• Prioritizing businesses that operate effectively (high
safety standard, fully integrated) & fulfill their
commitments (e.g. providing jobs, paying tax, etc.)
Technology efficiency
• Encouraging advanced/new/high/clean
technology and modern management projects
• Encouraging technology transfer and governance
for Vietnamese companies
Environmental impact
• Improving standards and technical regulations on
products, environmental protection, resources and
energy saving in line with regional and world
standards
Technology efficiency Sustainability • E.g. New projects manufacturing reproduction
More technology, innovation, More sustainable and energy, clean energy, energy from waste
less labour intensive investment eco-friendly investments
Source: Resolution No. 50/2019/NQ/TW on “Perfecting the policies of FDI cooperation by 2030”; BCG analysis 14
Investment opportunities | Future potential growth sectors worth
investigating for foreign investors Non-exhaustive
1 2 3
TECH-ENABLED MODERN B2B GREEN ECONOMY
SECTORS SERVICES
6% $161 promising
Healthcare spending
per capita in
Vietnam (2018) Attributed to the following drivers:
16
*The list is non-exhaustive and not ordinal.
Source: Insignia Ventures Partners, InnolabAsia, Tracxn Technologies
Tech-enabled sector: FINTECH
Vietnam, Total funding value & Count of fintech deals, 2016 - 9M2022 Fintech is making a boom in Vietnam, the sector has
(in million USD) received substantial funding while presenting huge
room for growth
Attributed to the following drivers:
Vietnam, Transaction value of the fintech sector, 2017 - 2027F, by ● Rising middle-class and buoyant economic activities further
segment (in billion USD) fortify demand for fast, cost-effective and innovative financial
services digitalization.
NOTABLE STARTUPS
Payment Consumer finance Data Blockchain
Intelligence
(*) Golden Gate Ventures preliminary count, non-exhaustive. Fintech sector includes but is not limited to core payment services, technological applications into financial services and banking. 17
*The list is non-exhaustive and not ordinal.
Source: World Bank, Statista, Do Ventures; Tracxn Technologies
Tech-enabled sector: EDTECH
Vietnam, Total funding value & Count of Edtech deals, EdTech is gaining attention from purpose-driven
2013 - 2021 (in million USD) investors
Attributed to the following drivers:
● COVID-19 has set a new learning and teaching normals that can
Deals count (*) - - - 3+ 5+ 3+ 3+ 2+ 6+ 11+
be facilitated through online platforms.
NOTABLE STARTUPS
● Supporting government initiatives to promote the development
of education and edtech industry.
18
(*) Golden Gate Ventures preliminary count, non-exhaustive, not ordinal.
Source: Golden Gate Ventures, Crunchbase, Do Ventures, Cento Ventures, EdtechAgency.
Modern B2B services: ASSET-LIGHT LOGISTIC
Asset-light models are making a huge boom in business
How the landscape has been transformed
and investment landscape
The supply chain and logistics sectors have undergone significant Traditional Innovative
changes in recent years. Traditionally seen as heavy-asset business Notable startups
industry moves
models due to huge capital expenditure and large asset base, the
emergence of innovative players and shifting global supply chain
dynamics have allowed companies to leverage third-party services and Courier, express, Last-mile delivery
adopt asset-light models. and parcel
Route ops
Commercial optimization as a
Inventory as a service
service
19
** The list is not exhaustive and ordinal.
Source: Golden Gate Ventures analysis, Crunchbase, KPMG, Accenture
Green economy: RENEWABLES
Green investments has been fueled by the new
>80%
wave of ever-growing green opportunities driven by
has been deployed in strong commitment to Net Zero target
Solar/Wind/Other In 2021, Vietnam’s Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh announced
of corporate renewables project in SEA Vietnam's commitment to achieving its net-zero emissions target
(cumulative, 2020-2M2022) by 2050 at the UN Climate Change Conference in Glasgow (COP26).
green capital
Renewables see great potential due to strong onshore & offshore
technical wind/solar capacity, also attributed by the following drivers:
RECENT DEVELOPMENT
● Governmental supports to allow foreign investment in
industries that were previously restricted, and revisions to
laws that include foreign bidders in publicly-funded
projects.
plans building 3.9- intends to
GW offshore wind develop $13-billion ● Rising investment in infrastructure through public-private
farm in Vietnam wind farm in aim to develop 1.5 partnerships (PPPs), promoting innovation and
Vietnam GW of renewables digitalization to support its net-zero transition.
in Vietnam
Opportunities for capital investment (*):
NOTABLE STARTUPS ON SOLAR
● Early-stage capital: Onshore/Offshore wind project &
Small-scaled solar panel projects with high risk - high
return potentials amid unclear feed-in tariff policies.
⇨ High foreign dependancy can make Vietnam vulnerable to global economic changes and
changes from major foreign-invested enterprises on which the Vietnamese economy is over-reliant. Trade structure by destination/origin
(% of total, 2021)
One oft-cited example of Vietnam’s over-dependence on foreign capital and exports is Samsung. It
was Vietnam’s largest foreign investor, with an accumulative investment of more than US$17 billion as Exports Rank Imports
of March 2020. In 2019, Samsung Vietnam’s revenue of USD68.3 billion was about 26% of Vietnam’s
GDP and had an outsized contribution of 19.4% to Vietnam’s export turnover. A single foreign- United States 29.1% 1 Mainland China 33.8%
invested company contributing ~20% to export turnover is unprecedented in Vietnam and rarely seen
anywhere in the world. Should Samsung decide to wind up or scale back its operations in Vietnam, Mainland China 17.0% 2 Korea, Republic of 17.3%
Vietnam’s economy will suffer enormously.
Korea, Republic of 6.6% 3 Japan 6.9%
Note: Fitch’s economic openness is generated from 2 main indicators: trade and investment
openness, which are based on import, export and FDI values as a percentage of GDP. It scores each
market on a scale of 0-100, with 100 being the highest.
Source: Fitch Solutions, VIR, Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry, ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute. Source: Allianz Research, La Coface, Export Finance Australia
21
Risks & Challenges | Investors needs to carefully manage the risks to
ensure successful investment - Legal & regulatory risks
1 Legal risk analysis 2 Some industries are heavily regulated
• Vietnam’s scores on Worldwide Governance Indicators are broadly in line with or Vietnam's productivity and competitiveness remain hindered by high levels of
stronger than the average for emerging Asian countries. The notable exception is government intervention in the economy through regulation and the dominance of
voice and accountability. state-owned enterprises (SOEs).
• Low risk of expropriation: consistent with Vietnam’s governance scores around the • SOEs have played a dominant role in several important industries, namely oil and
control of corruption and rule of law. The government can only expropriate investors’ gas, electricity, banking, telecommunications, transport infrastructure and
property in cases of emergency, disaster, defence, or national interest. The production of some basic input materials for the economy. Up to 96% of customers
government is required to compensate investors if it expropriates property. use mobile phone networks of SOEs, including Viettel, VNPT, and Mobifone. State-
owned commercial banks such as BIDV, Vietcombank, Vietinbank... accounted for
more than 50% of the total loan balance of the whole banking sector.
E.g. In March 2023, 36 clean electricity investors signed a document to petition the Prime
Minister about the inadequacies in the electricity generation pricing mechanism with
wind and solar power, making their power plants cannot sell electricity to EVN - monopoly
national power system, putting investors at risks of financial plan failure and increasing
bad debts.
• However, Vietnam’s divestment and equitisation plans have opened several opportunities for
investors, incentivizing FDI in SOEs. For instance:
Source: Export Finance Australia Source: VIR, Vietnamnet, nhandan.vn, Ministry of Finance
22
Risks & Challenges | Investors need to carefully manage the risks to
ensure successful investment - Operational Challenges
1 Supply chain challenges 2 Lack of local expertise
Management votes “Lack of alignment between supply chain operating Foreign investors generally face difficulties to navigate local
model and business direction” and “Lack of real-time visibility of cost, practices and understand the intricacies of the market
service level, inventory, etc. on the organizations’ end-to-end supply chain”
as top concerns within supply chain management. • Lack of availability of specialized personnel, skills and
(KPMG 2021, “Vietnam Supply Chain at a Glance”) knowledge: Foreign investors often rely on local experts or
• Shortcomings in production standards: Majority of industry advisors to get industry insights, sector-specific
manufacturing facilities in Vietnam are inadequately equipped frameworks, and market dynamics.
to reach international standards regarding quality, health, and
safety that pose challenges to international new entrants. • Language and communication barriers: Different languages
used by investors and local stakeholders may hinder effective
• Physical logistics Infrastructure in need of improvement: collaboration and potentially incur miscommunication during
Transportation infrastructure in Vietnam still presents investment and operations processes.
limitation in terms of quality, connectivity of modes of
transport, management, technology application that yet to
meet the demand of delivering goods from factories to ports or 3 IT challenges
distribution centers such as long lead time, transshipment
problems, etc. Foreign investors should be aware of IT infrastructure and
communication capabilities of Vietnam:
• High logistics costs: The latest report of the Việt Nam Logistics
Association revealed that logistics costs were equivalent to • Quality of internet access is not high-speed and uniform
around 20-22% of the country’s GDP, much higher than across the country: Median download speed is 38.23 Mbps via
Thailand (19%), China (18%), Malaysia (13%) and nearly x3 higher cellular mobile connection & is 76.16 Mbp via fixed broadband.
than the US and Singapore (8%), leading to profitability
headache to businesses.
(*) Speedtest Global Index ranks Vietnam 47 out of 140 countries and 45 out of 182 countries in terms of the median download speed via cellular mobile connection and via fixed broadband
internet.
Source: KPMG, Savills, Open Development Vietnam 23
Risks & Challenges | Investors needs to carefully manage the risks to
ensure successful investment - Environmental challenges
1 Pollution 2 Lack of regulatory comprehension for
green initiatives
• Air pollution has yet to met WHO guidelines: The primary Amid renewables mania, Vietnam’s government are yet to prepare
causes of air pollution in Vietnam is the use of fossil fuels for a complete regulatory package for a smooth transition.
power generations, exhaust transportation vehicles and factory
emissions. Along with industrial growth, Vietnam is expected to • There is not yet clear guidelines for rooftop solar panel
continue experiencing low air quality problems, especially near power generation: Currently, majority of customers of solar
industrial zones. energy are households and small-scale buildings. Vietnam’s
governmental agencies are in the process of developing
• Water pollution remains major concern: A significant portion policies for solar energy installation, usage, sales, and waste
of Vietnam's wastewater is discharged without undergoing management. This may cause a delay in solar energy
treatment, only 12.5% of municipal wastewater get treated. development and uncertainty for foreign investors.
Treatment of wastewater is often neglected, resulting in the
untreated discharge of wastewater from craft villages, factories • Monopoly of EVN may hinder the development of
outside industrial zones, and local healthcare facilities into renewables projects: Up to now, EVN (Electricity of Vietnam)
rivers, lakes, and oceans. enjoys exclusive control over Vietnam’s power transmission and
distribution sector, creating high barriers to enter the market.
EVN is now in charge of buying electricity from power
Urban households' connection to drainage systems is limited to 46%, only ⅔ generation companies and distributing to end-consumers,
Industrial wastewater from industrial zones is treated, but centralized which diminishes bargaining power of independent renewable
wastewater treatment facilities are available in only 9.4% of industrial clusters. energy producers.
(World Bank Group 2019, “Vietnam: Toward a Safe, Clean, and
Resilient Water System”)
● Onshore listings can be a viable (but not easy) option for private equity portfolio companies due to the thin liquidity
of the country’s key stock exchange, the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange, and strict listing requirements, including
the requirement that any issuer have a return on equity of at least 5% in the year preceding the year of the listing
application and profitability for the 2 consecutive years prior to the year in which the listing application is made.
Domestic IPO ● Given the limitations of the domestic IPO market, in recent years, a number of Vietnamese companies, including
portfolio companies of private equity firms, have been exploring offshore IPOs. However, due to a combination of
poor market conditions and a number of legal and technical hurdles, none of these companies have been able to
complete an offshore IPO to date, though it is likely to be only a matter of time before one is successful. A
Vietnamese company looking at consummating an offshore IPO will require complex restructuring in order for the
offshore listing to be workable.
2
Trade sale
to strategic ● In the context of a trade sale or secondary exit, most private equity sellers will agree to make fundamental
investor warranties only.
3
● Holdbacks and escrow mechanisms are sometimes used but are rare in Vietnam.
Secondary buyout ● Warranty and indemnity has been used more frequency recently in M&A transactions as foreign buyers seek to
by another PE firm manage risks and streamline deals
4
Management ● Management buyouts and/or redemptions are relatively rare and will often come into play on deals that have
buyout or not gone well for whatever reason.
redemption
25
Source: Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer
Contributors
Tram Nguyen
Vinnie Lauria
Associate, Golden Gate Ventures
Founding Partner, Golden Gate Ventures
Tram is an investment professional with 7 years of
Vinnie is an entrepreneur turned venture capitalist.
experience spanning early-stage technology ventures
He’s been investing in Asia for over a decade and has
to cross-border mergers & acquisitions. Tram brings a
made 60+ investments to date. He is a Kauffman
unique blend of local knowledge and international
Fellow and Tsinghua EMBA candidate. Vinnie joined
exposure. She holds an MSc in Finance and
his first startup while still in high school.
Management from the University of Exeter.
Uyen is a fresh graduate with Economics & Finance Quyen is a fresh graduate from RMIT University
major from RMIT University. Uyen has intense Vietnam majoring in Economics and Finance. With
passion about investment career and is excited to strong passion in strategy and finance, she has been
participate in different investment projects in either exploring different angles of deal continuum in
Vietnam or SEA markets. various investment projects in multiple industries
focusing on Vietnam’s market.
26
Contributors
Il-Dong Kwon Hanno Stegmann
Managing Director and Partner, Head of BCG Managing Director and Partner, Head of BCG X SEA
Vietnam
Hanno is dedicated to inventing, building, investing in,
Il-Dong has been with the Vietnam office for 7 years and launching category-changing businesses at
working with industry leaders and central and startup speed together with the world’s most
provincial governments on their strategy and large- influential corporates. Over the last several years,
scale transformation programs. He also co-leads Hanno launched more than ten new businesses in
BCG’s work in risk management for the Asia Pacific various industrial goods and consumer products
region. companies that have created billion-dollar impact.
Arnaud Ginolin
Partner BCG Vietnam
27
About Golden Gate Ventures
● Golden Gate Ventures, with HQ in Singapore and offices in Indonesia and Vietnam, is a Southeast
Asian venture capital firm founded in 2011 that brings together knowledge and experience from
Silicon Valley with passion and ambition for Southeast Asia.
● For over a decade, we've proudly backed some of the region's most audacious founders and had the
privilege of being part of the region’s incredible growth story: launched 4 funds, have US$250M AUM,
and invested in 80+ companies with 9 unicorns across our portfolio.
● We’re deeply committed to continue to play a supporting role - spot trends, deliver data-driven
insights, facilitate lasting global connections - and always show up for those brave enough to
catalyze change.
About GGVbrain
● Internal proprietary tool that helps us analyse trends, predict new sectors, and signal sentiment and
investibility that guides our deal sourcing, deal screening and research processes.
28
About Boston Consulting Group
Boston Consulting Group partners with leaders in business and society to tackle their most important challenges and capture their
greatest opportunities. BCG was the pioneer in business strategy when it was founded in 1963. Today, we work closely with clients
to embrace a transformational approach aimed at benefiting all stakeholders—empowering organizations to grow, build
sustainable competitive advantage, and drive positive societal impact.
Our diverse, global teams bring deep industry and functional expertise and a range of perspectives that question the status quo
and spark change. BCG delivers solutions through leading-edge management consulting, technology and design, and corporate
and digital ventures. We work in a uniquely collaborative model across the firm and throughout all levels of the client organization,
fueled by the goal of helping our clients thrive and enabling them to make the world a better place
About BCG X
BCG X is the pioneering new tech build and design division of Boston Consulting Group. It is uniquely positioned to support
companies in Southeast Asia seeking to kickstart the journey to new markets through venture opportunities. BCG X brings
together advanced tech knowledge and ambitious entrepreneurship experience to turbocharge BCG’s trusted corporate offering.
The division is positioned to help organizations embrace, enable, and succeed in delivering innovation at scale, backed by over
3,000 technologists, data scientists, programmers, engineers, and human-centered designers located in more than 80 cities across
the globe 29
Legal Disclaimer
Disclaimer
This communication has been prepared by Golden Gate Venture’s Research Team (“GGV”) for general information only and is not intended to be relied upon
in any way. Golden Gate Ventures is an early stage venture capital firm based in Singapore. We are an independent company incorporated in Singapore and
are not affiliated to any other company outside of Singapore and the Cayman Islands. In particular Golden Gate Ventures is not associated in any way with
GGV Capital based in Silicon Valley, United States of America and Shanghai, China or Golden Gate Capital based in San Francisco, United States of America.
Our business takes us to various parts of the world, and there may be companies in those countries with a similar corporate name, but we are not in any way
related to them.
30
Appendix –
Business Environment
Vietnam's strategic location, stable political environment, and
openness to the global economy through various trade
Key business agreements provide it with geopolitical advantages
32
Geopolitical advantages (1/2)
(*) percentile rank, rankings over 163 independent states and territories, 0 is the highest ranking, 100 is the lowest ranking, data from Institute for Economics & Peace.
33
(**) percentile rank, rankings over 213 countries and territories, 0 is the highest ranking, 100 is the lowest ranking, data from World Bank.
Source: EY, World Bank, Institute for Economic & Peace, Press releases
Geopolitical advantages (2/2)
Foreign-owned corporations in Vietnam (with amount of foreign capital invested in million USD) Multiple global giants name Vietnam as
a long-term manufacturing base
34
** The graph is for illustrative purposes only and does not represent an exhaustive list of all foreign-invested manufacturers in Vietnam.
Source: Press release, Vietnam General Statistics Office
Ease of doing business: Legal requirements
Business sectors that foreign investors can access (Decree 31/2021/ND-CP guiding the Law on Investment 2020)(*)
Sectors which are not yet accessible for Sectors which are accessible with Foreign investors have the same market
foreign investors (Prohibition List of conditions for foreign investors (Market access as that of domestic investors
Appendix I of Decree 31/2021/ND-CP) Entry List of Appendix I of Decree (sectors not being mentioned in
31/2021/ND-CP): Prohibition List and Market Entry List)
• Foreign-owned ratio
• Form of investment
The Government does not commit on
• Scope of investment
market access, foreign investors may be
• Investor capability and others
subject to restrictions under Vietnam’s
=> In-principle approval of higher-level
domestic law in the corresponding
competent authorities required
Example: Security services, goods and services Example: Nuclear power plant, special use forests,
industries/sectors.
under state monopoly, Administrative and judicial headwater protection forests or border protection
services, Manufacture of military equipment or forests; construction of airports, terminals;
materials, etc. petroleum processing; betting and casino for
foreigners; golf courses; etc
(*) Full English version on Legal update of Decree 31/2021/ND-CP is available at Decree 31/2021/ND-CP EN | KPMG. 35
**For more information on List A and B of Appendix 1 of Decree 31/2021/ND-CP, view Appendix - Prohibition List & Appendix - Market Entry List.
Source: Vietnam Law on Investment, view full detail at LEGAL FRAMEWORKS ON DOING INVESTMENT VIETNAM (mpi.gov.vn).
Ease of doing business: Legal requirements
Procedures to set up a company Procedures of registration process (Projects not under in-principle review) (**)
Foreign investors are required to complete
the necessary registration process with Projects located INSIDE
Provincial
the relevant licensing bodies in order to industrial zones (IZ), export
Seek approval Management
processing zones (EPZ),
legally engage in business operations in economic zones (EZ) and Hi-
from Authority of
Vietnam. The new Law on Investment and the Zones
tech park IRC
Law on Enterprises requires foreign issued
investors to follow 2 mandatory steps:
Provincial
1 Acquiring the Investment Registration Certificate (IRC) (*)
Department
Projects located OUTSIDE Seek approval
2 Acquiring the Enterprise Registration Certificate (ERC) of Planning
IZs, EPZs, EZs, Hi-tech parks from
and
(*) IRC is required only for investments by foreign investors or deemed-to-be foreign
investors (i.e. companies with more than 51% of charter capital held by foreign
Investment
ownership).
(**) Article 39 Law on Investment No.61/2020, Law on Enterprise No. 59/2020/QH14, dated 17 June 2020, issued by the National Assembly of Vietnam 36
Number of days mentioned above are counted as business working days. View full detail at LEGAL FRAMEWORKS ON DOING INVESTMENT VIETNAM (mpi.gov.vn)
Source: Vietnam Investment Law, reproduced from Deloitte, EY
Ease of doing business: Case studies
cinema chain
37
(*) Golden Gate Ventures estimation based on announced Uber will hold a 27.5% stake in Grab, while Uber’s CEO will join Grab’s management board. Prior to Uber deal in 2018, Grab had a valuation of $6b.
Source: Press releases, MarketLine
Legal and regulatory framework (1/3)
Type of corporate structures
Limited Liability Company Joint Stock Company Partnership Private Enterprise Joint Venture
The company The members are liable The shareholders are A general partner is The owner is liable for JV can be incorporated as a LLC
owner is liable for for the debts and other only liable for the liable for the company’s the entire operation or JSC (if there are more than 3
Liability
the debts and liabilities of the entity to debts and other obligations equal to all of the company investors/parties). Each party is
other liabilities to the extent of their capital liabilities of the entity of his/her assets. A equal to his/her total responsible for the company
the extent of the contributions, except for to the extent of their limited partner is liable assets. within the scope of its capital
company’s the case specified in capital contributions. for the company’s debts contribution to the charter capital
charter capital. Clause 4 Article 47 of the equal to the promised of the company.
LOE 2020. capital contribution.
38
Source: EY, Vietnam National Law, LOE No. 59/2020/QH14, dated 17 June 2020, issued by the National Assembly of Vietnam
Legal and regulatory framework (2/3)
Establishing a joint venture (JV) with a local business(es) is a popular method used by foreign companies to enter the Vietnamese market
thanks to the expertise of the local partner(s), as well as the low compliance risk. In some cases, it also is the only option for overseas brands to
enter Vietnam. This is especially applicable when it comes to the industries that have a limit on foreign ownership of the business. Below are
some examples of the benefits that foreign companies can expect from this collaboration model.
Honda Vietnam Cuu Long JOC Yamaha Motor Vietnam CALOFIC Corporation
UK's
ConocoPhillips
Cuu Long Co. Ltd PetroVietnam
Thailand Asian Honda Vietnam Forestry Corporation & Wilmar International (Singapore)
Motor Company Co Do Mechanical Factory
After the transition to exploitation and CALOFIC is one of the most successful
Established in 1998 and operating in joint venture companies across
production in 2003, Cuu Long JOC
Up to now, Honda Vietnam has invested the field of manufacturing and Vietnam and has spearheaded the
always holds the 2nd position in Vietnam
over 400 million USD in the construction of assembling motorcycles, Yamaha manufacturing and processing of
regarding crude oil output and export
3 factories including two motorcycle Motor Vietnam Company Limited now vegetable oils in the country. CALOFIC
revenue. In 2022, the firm’s estimated oil-
factories and an automobile assembly plant has more than 300 dealers and stores operates over two factories in Quang
equivalent production is expected to
in Vietnam, creating jobs for thousands of in Vietnam, a strong step up from only Ninh and Ho Chi Minh City, capable of
reach 25.25 million barrels, earning 1.44
workers. 33 stores in 1999. an output of 2,300 tons/day-night, and
billion USD and paying 863 million USD
to the State budget. offices in both Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh
City. Across the nation, almost 1,000
people work for the enterprise.
40
Source: VEAM, Apollo.io, VNA, VIETSOVPETRO, CALOFIC
Business Taxes
Tax Treaties Vietnam’s Double Taxation Agreements
Summary of Withholding Tax Rates Contained Within each Agreement
Double taxation avoidance agreements (DTAAs) prevent businesses from
being double-taxed on their income. Vietnam currently has approximately
Treaty Dividends Interest Royalties Refund of
80 DTAAs signed. These treaties effectively eliminate double taxation by Partner (%) (%) (%) excess tax
identifying exemptions or reducing the amount of taxes payable in
Vietnam.
Corporate income: For foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs), corporate 5/7/12.5 10 5/10 7.5 - 15%
income is what is earned from carrying out production and business
activities in Vietnam.
Dividends
●
No treaty benefit applies to dividends under DTAAs as there is no
10 10 10 10%
withholding tax on dividends in Vietnam. Companies are required to fulfill
their financial and tax obligations in Vietnam before remitting dividends to
their overseas parent companies. This means that the remitted dividends
are after-tax profit which can be taxed again in the other signatory
countries. Most tax and revenue jurisdictions allow tax offset for tax paid in 10 10 5/15 5 - 15%
other countries on dividends received.
LOCAL
COMPANIES
VN
PE/VC STARTUPS
ECOSYSTEM
MULTI-
NATIONAL
CORPORATIONS
43
Ecosystem map (1/4)
Non-exhaustive
LARGEST PUBLIC LOCAL COMPANIES BY SECTOR
a foreign trade bank that provides a wide range of financial services in develops and trades integrated residential, commercial and industrial real
international trade. estate, and provides real estate management and related services.
BIDV - Banking
Market cap $9.96B Vinamilk - Consumer goods
Market cap $6.47B
a Vietnamese commercial and state-owned bank engaged in the provision of
investment banking services for individual customers, corporate customers, and a nutrition corporation providing dairy products, ranging from core dairy
financial institutions. products to value-added dairy products.
digital transformation, food, consumer goods, and technology in Vietnam from Silicon Valley with passion and ambition for Southeast Asia.
Warburg Pincus - PE
AUM $83B
a leading global private equity firm; one of the largest PE investors iin Vietnam
Mekong - PE
Do Ventures - VC
AUM $490.5M
AUM $50M
a Vietnam-focused Private Equity firm, specializing in consumer driven businesses an early-stage VC firm focusing on investing in technology companies in Vietnam and
such as retail, restaurants, consumer products and distribution. Southeast Asia.
** The list is not ordinal and does not represent an exhaustive list of all entities in Vietnam.
45
Source: Crunchbase, Press release
Ecosystem map (3/4)
Non-exhaustive
a leading digital payment platform in Vietnam, offering secure and convenient a Vietnam-based fintech company specializes in alternative credit scoring and data
electronic payment solutions to individuals and businesses. analytics, leveraging innovative technologies to provide financial inclusion and
access to credit for underserved populations.
a prominent digital wallet and payment platform in Vietnam, providing users with operates an e-commerce website that connects pharmaceutical manufacturers,
a secure and convenient way to make online and offline transactions distributors, and clinics. Its platform, Thuocsi.vn, works on various projects, including
e-commerce, seller centers, supply portals, WMS, POS, and logistics services.
a Vietnam-based e-commerce platforms, offering a wide range of products with a a prominent ecommerce enabler offering a range of services and solutions to help
focus on providing customers with a convenient and reliable online shopping businesses establish and optimize their online retail presence, including website
experience. development, digital marketing, logistics management, and payment integration.
Sky Mavis is the creator of Axie Infinity, a popular blockchain-based game that a popular point-of-sale (POS) system provider in Vietnam, offering businesses a user-
combines elements of gaming and decentralized finance, allowing players to earn friendly and feature-rich software solution to manage sales, inventory, and customer
cryptocurrency by collecting, breeding, and battling digital creatures called Axies. data, streamlining their retail operations and enhancing overall efficiency.
46
** The list is not ordinal and does not represent an exhaustive list of all entities in Vietnam.
Source: Crunchbase, Press release
Ecosystem map (4/4)
Non-exhaustive
is a major subsidiary of the South Korean-based global electronics giant, Samsung, is a Swiss food and beverage company, offering a diverse range of nutritional
operating manufacturing facilities and research centers in Vietnam, representing products and beverages to Vietnamese consumers.
the largest source of FDI from South Korea into Vietnam.
47
** The list is not ordinal and does not represent an exhaustive list of all entities in Vietnam.
Source: Press release
Appendix –
Exits
Vietnam IPO Market Overview
Snapshot IPO Breakdown By Industry
● Vietnam’s IPO market saw 8 successful listings in 2022. While this is ● The IPO market focus has shifted from Real Estate in 2021
lower than the 13 listings recorded for 2021, the amount raised has to the local capital market dominance of Industrial
more than quadrupled, from US$15.6 million to US$71.4 million. Products ($35.7 million) and Consumer Business ($22.3
million) in 2022.
● Top 3 IPO deals in 2022 were Ton Dong A Corporation with US$27
million raised, Nova Consumer Group with US$21 million, and ● Consumer Business is foreseen to continue to play a vital
Green Plus Joint Stock Corporation with US$7 million raised. role, with highly anticipated upcoming listings from this
sector. Specifically, we expect to see a few Retail and FMCG
● In January 2023, Vietnam witnessed 5 successful IPOs, including companies go IPO in the near future.
VNG Corporation, Green Plus JSC, Da Nang Public Lighting JSC, 120
Mechanical JSC, Vinatrans DaNang JSC.
IPO Fund Raised in recent years (US$'m) 2022 IPO Fund Raised breakdown by industry
Financial Services
9%
Industrial Products
50%
Consumer
Business
31%
*The list is not ordinal and does not represent an exhaustive list of all M&A transactions in Vietnam.
51
Source: BDA Partners, CafeF, VNExpress
Appendix –
Vietnam FTAs
VIETNAM FTAs
Appendix I of Decree 31/2021/ND-CP: Prohibition List (foreign investors are not allowed)
Trading goods and services on the list of goods and services on which monopoly is held by the Navigation services to ensure maritime safety in water areas, water areas and public
1 21
State in the commercial sector. navigational channels; marine electronic information service.
2 Press activities and information gathering in any form. Inspection (inspection, testing) and certification services for means of transport (including
Fishing. systems, components, equipment, components of vehicles); inspection and issuance of
3
certificates of technical safety and environmental protection for vehicles, specialized equipment,
4 Security and investigation services.
containers, and dangerous goods packaging equipment used in transportation; inspection
Judicial administration services, including judicial assessment services, poste restante services,
5 22 services and issuance of certificates of technical safety and environmental protection for oil and
property auction services, notary services, liquidator services.
gas exploration, exploitation and transportation means and equipment at sea; technical
6 Overseas contracted employment agency services.
inspection service of occupational safety for machines and equipment with strict requirements
Investment in the construction of infrastructure of cemeteries and graveyards to transfer land on occupational safety installed on means of transport and means, exploration and exploitation
7
use rights associated with such infrastructure. equipment and oil and gas transportation at sea; fishing vessel registry services.
8 Waste collection services directly from households.
Natural forest investigation, assessment and exploitation services (including gathering wood
9 Public opinion polling service (public opinion polling).
23 and hunting, trapping rare wild animals, management of the sources genes for plants, livestock
10 Blasting services. and microorganisms used in agriculture).
11 Manufacture and trade in weapons, explosives and supporting tools.
Researching or using genetic resources of new livestock breeds before being appraised and
12 Import and dismantling of used seagoing vessels. 24
evaluated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.
13 Public postal services. 25 Tourism services, except international tourism services for international tourists to Vietnam
14 Goods transshipment business.
15 Temporary import for re-export business.
Exercise of the right to export, import, and distribution of goods on the list of goods for foreign
16 investors, foreign-invested economic organizations are not allowed to exercise the right to
export, import, distribute.
17 Collection, purchase and handling of public goods in armed forces units.
Trading in military materials or equipment and supplies for the people's armed forces, military
weapons, technical equipment, ammunition and specialized vehicles used for the army and
18
police; components, accessories, spare parts, supplies and specialized equipment and
technology used for their production;
19 Intellectual property representation services and industrial property assessment services
Services of the establishment, operation, maintenance and maintenance of aids to navigation,
water zones, water areas, public navigational channels and maritime routes; service of surveying
water zones, water areas, public navigational channels and maritime routes serving maritime
20 notices; services of surveying, constructing and publishing nautical charts for waters, seaports,
navigational channels and maritime routes; building and publishing marine safety documents
and publications.
55
Source: Vietnam Law on Investment
Vietnam Market Entry Condition List
Appendix I of Decree 31/2021/ND-CP: Market Entry List (foreign investors are allowed with conditions)
1 Production and distribution of cultural products, including visual recordings 32 Auditing, accounting, bookkeeping and tax services.
Production, distribution and broadcast of television programs and music, stage performance 33 Valuation services, consulting services on corporate valuation for equitization.
2
and motion picture works. 34 Services related to agriculture, forestry and fishery.
3 Supply of radio and television services. 35 Aircraft manufacturing.
Insurance, banking, securities brokerage, and other services related to insurance, banking, and 36 Manufacture of railway locomotives and wagons.
4
securities. Trading tobacco products, tobacco raw materials, and specialized machinery and equipment for the
5 Postal services, telecom services. 37
tobacco industry.
6 Advertising services. 38 Publishers' activities.
7 Printing service, publication issuance services. 39 Ship building, and repair services.
8 Measurement and mapping services. 40 Waste collection services, environmental observation services.
9 FlyCam services. 41 Commercial arbitration services, arbitration mediation services.
10 Educational services. 42 Logistic services.
11 Exploration, extraction and process of natural resources, minerals, oil and gas. 43 Coastal shipping.
12 Hydropower, offshore wind power and nuclear energy. Cultivation, production or processing of rare crops, breeding of rare wild animals, processing and
Transport of goods and passengers by railway, airway, road, waterway and conduit [pipeline]. 44
13 handling of these animals or plants, including live animals and products thereof.
14 Aquaculture cultivation or breeding. 45 Production of construction materials.
15 Forestry and hunting. 46 Construction and related technical services.
16 Betting and casino business 47 Motorcycle assembly.
17 Security guard services. Services related to sports, art activities, performing arts, fashion shows, beauty and model contests,
48
18 Construction, operation and management of river ports, seaports and airports. and other entertainment.
19 Real estate business. Air transport support services; ground technical services at airports and airports; catering services on
49
20 Legal services. the aircraft; navigation information services, aviation meteorological services.
21 Veterinary services. 50 Sea transport services; shipping tugboat [ship towing] services.
Goods sale and purchase activities and activities directly related to goods trading activities of Services related to cultural heritage, copyright and related rights, photography, video recording,
22 51
foreign service providers in Vietnam. recording, art exhibitions, festivals, libraries, museums.
23 Technical inspection and analysis services. 52 Services related to tourism promotion.
24 Travelling [tourism] services. 53 Agent, recruitment and scheduling, management for artists, athletes’ services.
25 Health and social services. 54 Family related services.
26 Sports and entertainment services. 55 E-commerce activities.
27 Paper production. 56 cemetery business, cemetery services and funeral services.
28 Manufacture of transport vehicles with more than 29 seats. 57 Airborne seeding and chemical spraying services.
29 Development and operation of wet markets. 58 Maritime pilotage services;
30 Commodity Exchange operations. Investment sector, business lines under the pilot mechanism of the National Assembly, The Standing
59
31 Domestic LCL collection services. Committee of the National Assembly, the Government, and the Prime Minister.
56
Source: Vietnam Law on Investment
Vietnam Market Entry Condition
Briefings of some conditions under Market Entry with condition (Vietnam’s Law on Investment 2020)
*Full detail can be found at LEGAL FRAMEWORKS ON DOING INVESTMENT - INVESTMENT PROMOTION CENTER - SOUTH VIETNAM (mpi.gov.vn) 57
Source: Vietnam Law on Investment 2020
References
● Bain and Temasek, with contributions from Microsoft, “Southeast Asia’s ● Crunchbase
Green Economy 2022 Report: Investing behind new realities” ● Passport Euromonitor
● Ernst & Young, “Doing Business in Vietnam 2022” ● Vietnam Ministry of Planning and Investment
● Deloitte, “Doing Business In Viet Nam 2022-2023” ● Stock information: TVSI, BVSC, Stockbiz.vn,
● Do Ventures, “VIETNAM INNOVATION & TECH INVESTMENT REPORT TradingView, Investing.com, MarketWatch, Yahoo!
2023”
Finance
● PwC, “The future of ASEAN: Vietnam Perspectives”
● Google, Temasek, Bain & Company, “e-Conomy: SEA 2022” ● State Bank of Vietnam
● World Bank Group, “Ease of doing business 2020” ● International Monetary Fund
● Fitch Solutions, “Vietnam Trade & Investment Risk Report” ● World Bank Open Data
● ISEAS Yusof Ishak Institute, “Vietnam’s Over-reliance on Exports and FDI” ● Philippine Statistics Authority
● World Bank Group, “Vietnam: Toward a Safe, Clean, and Resilient Water ● Singapore Department of Statistics
System 2019”
● Vietnam General Statistics Office
● KPMG, “Vietnam Supply Chain at a Glance 2021”
● Ministry of Finance, “Report on equitization process of SOEs over period
of 2016−2018”
● Deloitte, “Southeast Asia IPO Capital Market 2022 Full Year Report”
● ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK, “VIET NAM’S ECOSYSTEM FOR
TECHNOLOGY STARTUPS”
58
References
Other sources
59
References
Press releases
● TechInAsia
● DealStreetAsia
● Vietnam’s Bamboo Diplomacy: From Tradition to Innovation (VietnamPlus)
● Three Vietnamese seaports among TOP 100 largest container ports worldwide
● Shinhan Bank Vietnam To Acquire Anz Vietnam’s Retail Division | Shinhan Bank
● CJ CGV acquires Vietnam’s leading cinema chain (koreanfilm.or.kr)
● Thai TCC Group becomes new owner of METRO Cash & Carry Vietnam (vir.com.vn)
● Southeast Asia’s Grab lands $1B from Toyota at a $10B valuation | TechCrunch
● TPG buys majority stake in Vietnam school, Mekong exits | AVCJ
● SG buyout firm Growtheum invests $100m in Vietnam's International Dairy Products (dealstreetasia.com)
● Thai Beverage unit wins auction to buy 54 percent stake in Sabeco | Reuters
● Central Group officially owns Big C Vietnam (vir.com.vn)
● Cuu Long JOC oil production likely to hit 400 million barrels this year | VNA
● Ørsted plans building 3.9-GW offshore wind farm in Vietnam - report (renewablesnow.com)
● Vietnam says AES Corp intends to develop $13-billion wind farm (yahoo.com)
● Vietnam's BCG Energy inks USD-400m MoU with Siemens Gamesa (renewablesnow.com)
● Sembcorp, BCG Energy aim to develop 1.5 GW of renewables in Vietnam (renewablesnow.com)
● Warehousing continues to rise unabated in local market
● Vietnam ‘not ready’ for looming solar waste issue amid recent boom | climatetracker
● Vietnam ranks 5th in economic openness in Asia: Fitch | Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry
● Vietnam is fifth most open economy in Asia | VIR
● Disposal of Big C Vietnam for a valuation of 1 billion euros | Groupe Casino (groupe-casino.fr)
● Inadequacy in the price mechanism, many solar and wind power projects face great difficulties (nhandan.vn)
● State-owned enterprises - good and bad | Vietnamnet
60
Legal Disclaimer
Disclaimer
This communication has been prepared by Golden Gate Venture’s Research Team (“GGV”) for general information only and is not intended to be relied upon
in any way. Golden Gate Ventures is an early stage venture capital firm based in Singapore. We are an independent company incorporated in Singapore and
are not affiliated to any other company outside of Singapore and the Cayman Islands. In particular Golden Gate Ventures is not associated in any way with
GGV Capital based in Silicon Valley, United States of America and Shanghai, China or Golden Gate Capital based in San Francisco, United States of America.
Our business takes us to various parts of the world, and there may be companies in those countries with a similar corporate name, but we are not in any way
related to them.
61