IKiNGDOM .

PROTIS TA |

çve insiswatenmainy
oVenli protstaa aued forem ehg dom
welorgaini sed eu predere
meane
bound\0rqanee wipre ent
;wcl' i present
 Reproduta'n
pore format'in
Jseq amy, Anisoq umy D0gamey
poremation and fuston ivðued
ogamy
Fel eng gamet ae" ntanghola gicalty identiau
- Anisog an
Futng qamtley e morpholeg icauy ro n

1R3denttauon

Ooqamy
'Mie qamete is mebi ieandnfemale
mete is noon -flageuaed
Rxs Pro tistounts be haploid
Cun be deploid.
Pro Hsb are dasiptedi clnto3
b9w92d0

Phokosynthete piotiso 6 Deompaser pratistsTrotozoan prottk

DtyuD)SUe smouldy
pitomy
Euqlenoid
93309
’ Dinoßag eleey
"4heyp ianemavinewat erO

dhey show utlve movem enb idqo

- Hetenokont
Show
Kageuotein
AVmouemènt spolanid
dgo313e
ced
main body
body haplotd .
 Arctiutatd platey
thrcmoured dinotageuet)
Trayverye
L,Tranveie
tongttasingt grove
ongitudina ftaguum.
sanSome dénoßageu ekes show bilumininene i- úght
emting
Ex: Noctuia Pyrodenium , ymnodernium
pP - Paiyti she fon poisonihg
Se ts
Saitoin3*)
obserwed in human
pkion o sheu being due to the onum
kihesa Actucy poisonoy substae
(saxitba in) qes auumuasld i én body of
sheu Rxhe due to onumptn gongwlo
Some dinakag eleaes eause jongaulax
ed tde

Dinoaqeuexe havo manys piqmtent . in ain

are
Chlorophg diffecert kindy

Dinafagcakes klang to
bor
 stareh

havemerokaryone ane, hs to re les and

Sn mesO laryone homasO mes
&ptndle s formed inuide the nueleus
cntrahlearspinde Chromoto mesremain cohdenued
Wen during intenphiues nt
Reprodetn- Binary_Rsion (ptêua)
Aioganu
DinakBageltte are haploid and show haplo ntfe
yee (zygotie melosis) biagib
En Pyrodena Npetkiaica, taymnod erntun lonqaulax.
Dfatom '
Bhey arve unieued non- lageuetéd and show
bou

hey ihavesi tarcge y poputauny s and forn organie

maleia eueu tvey to
nd beome hlekalypro deeon)) iurh
Soap bon úke strutwre

Hypotheea.
shoi tnang ves e
thein eplth eLa binany
and ypetheda
oiqo3otnoBoudg
 Lel wu with lo
have elulosie
stcd in ceu wal Afer de ath
dsiuea depo.
diato me ou sitica
depaits in
diatomeeeoui earth.
eLLeuive
quantiy and form
yheneeane seueral wueA odato mi°ous materia

) mekalpothing
) Grecetin for Vhet st
V) l o ad ded in0
pans' fen níght vitblaiy
matny diploid and show
and
tontain and
thaigoplyéa
SOme othere
Chioraphye
xanthophy e.
Reerwed kood materialsleueoslne and oil..

overaf diatomsshowdiplontic
cjamel't meios i.
Ex awi uwa. mEloierrA

Euqle noids:
taled as me xotroph

absenee
show beiome
phetocutotruphism Saprotnopht., alo show
predatin
 (onneting tntt nbetween pl¡nto land ys.animay
wnieued', bitageueed, tve in faesh wasin
Walltey .
OutM:er La en is pra keln
teên fonngd elatiislag
RF01:Paamton (Panany uinngéas)
’ ytosome
4topharypx
Rerwoi
SHgma/eyeSn 193130
Jnautive s horcf
pho tores pe tie strutunel tageum
Nulew ptttrtke ’Ae' ve (arge
peuite
\13 1Myonemaa
EUaLENOIDdd Pi Heteokont
(onttibutey in' biageuaten
2diferent slze
caléd metaboty)
Sirme meutdy i Myxagyetes aci
Sume
fungi
Sume mo
molds Qe (aued my xo myceAA.
bVeral are primitive advana
preotist,
Veqetatuie bodie Oauote caued Plau modim
wdifonen tiake d.
Man role
sprotrtaphim etmnotraphim
deompestain
vegetatites bodiey '- show movements psedopodi
vegetakve body aiferentiaky in nlowo unable
fonm fuiting bedy (aggegotain sponanga)
Snside Sporrangia, waued sporey ane forme d.
sporres
contpose d eelutase
simne moia rem a¥n
severa yeans and vlasle for
ain 'euren. diypened b4

ónqecin
body plad atien
medium spone again
ag aán forn vgtakie
puting
Cund reprisdutatn foam spore
tueproduttn shows
sgamy type ef fetitiaktn.
elar - Hap tohtic mitoras
Fauiting
Acean
Diplorti3ASeal rep bodA

Sponanga
waled

Plamodium spores
Wauey
ceprodutan,
siual,

meiósis
Myroamobeie
ganieke.
sk

Habikat - mosty tand halbitat exepton ally oter

habiteut -Éeproleqia
yf4smon; diseose in ihe,."
nwvnn ortunid
enutiohhent:J0
Habit ( body structe) - mutielle dLoose tiisue

tube
ti struutne ( hyphac)
Exkeptiniay
iep talen ssayeptatë (primiuve)
Can be
aep ta webnbaining (ndeanied)
tlsep tate mon ouayote

cey
Septate
LQe faamiedis tn relaiv ely
advaned fonm,
u- eusist(Primitive membery)
- chitin formed in mast fngi
 Reserwed fotd materied glyoeniai
Funqi aie
HOlerotrophu
[aprotrcophy Paaste
Rhlzopus Mqariuy Puainéa ,nlbug.
>Fungi meintainyi 9ret diveruityimore than
1,00, 00D speie atie
aleady eolp läne d.
Fangi arve
mierosopíe
pl ,theit bodiy can

Stained with otton bue

nbetween ce wau
and cellmembrne
Some speiel' badies ae observedCaed ay
tom omesbordere

terminau (swauen
dihyphae cauedi hautoru'a a
Mauytoua.

Appres oruia'
For atatthment
pprlsonla
Stps of ihyphae ' caled
 Asexual reprod utt'on.

@ Binery fskon - Yeaut (Risston geut)

uddig -yeat ( saccharomyce, enewicae )
O Fragmhtaum-most otmon uexual mode o
rrepodution
9 spote formaaim mitispóae)
d) Zoesporces/ Plenaspone
-mobile uerd Omotile sporeG
fag euatedspores
komed narey iikeaqu at membey
da) sporangiosporer Aptbnospore

Aplanosporzeg
endagenou
onoHte
eoumela

Rhizo
with sportania
fAseal spores

SporaingiosporeA lonidiosporel
common in fungi
Motice Non-mote forined by bced on
2003 pore yAplanespone. bnen thed" conico pho res.
’baipeteu avcgement
Lonidia
 6onidia wsaure very
diajuntÝn veny
efclent in diperu
oÒland habitat.

eanidopibre
noonhed

eoncdea

Hetula

am

Penicilli

Senualn epro ducti on '

qes complee in 8sePs
(P.7-0)
 the fuu'an two diff ernent strainy
f protoplan rres ue foremed produt i
dikaunyon.
i)
) k ePuion the tewo diffecert Strain

formed.
Plaimog amy 1.

dikanyen
deptotdttey

haploid sponej
i) Meos i :
After formation diploidnuleu, eduut
and haploid
Onal division kaking paue
sporces are forme d.
dypes q plas maqay
i) Plano qamei'efuion yameti'e
obserwed in memben - 8apro
) Gametangia contat i

oDsporre (2n)
) aametangiali eopulation i

eq Rhi20py
M lo0

24gbspone

,- Pucinia
Spermatiiphea
(

futon between two $omatt teeu

hyphee highiy edue d
 q-Aq ericu,perita.

Phy comyceea'
inudes o0 meyete and
gomyuete
Myetium - Pseptae, Coenote
celeiloste in
chith forned in
0my eeans are
ae sapYotepk.
Oomyce teyi
Repro duuÝn - Fraqmentatirn
- motle spore ne fonmed in
aLquatt mem beng
conidia enbit anhed conido phoe
foamed in
albuge
Plaumagan hnaganeki futon
lontaut.
ghere is no tme gap betweeh
Dikanyophany
and
remainsa abient.
res ut senyal reprto dietin diploid
spore forme d is 0spore sta ou aiplord spore)
0spone sho us meikosis and forais foue hapt
hap loid spornel,
 enfeci.
imp
Fungi
na.Rungi
Eumycoti clevss
Form
6) oeteospora
myeeteycoclectaticum
Deuteno Pleercnaria

Truue

PatcnaCrust)
Basididinycets
lAmanita
dedth
jep
cöta
My bta
don
king
dom

QAsomyety Neuoa
pYa
Bng
Yea
Sal

ceey.
Erygenytopthora
Synehtrium
preolegra
Pythiem
ceke
Phycomy +
fung
tniga
protists
auy
uti
Phy'

sume
 Haploid sponeson qeninatn gies ise to new
my celum
Examples
Phytopthona infestens lighé po tao " grish
(1846 -q famine'
2) SUercespora a ramincola- ean diseae 4 bajae
Downy miidew'l :
Penidlun yphits
(3) Albuqo canúda
OR w hite r st
cystops tandidey

Syndateuy truwm - damp in of seeding in legum

)Sapreo legnta - Salmon diseas e in ish
yqo mecetey -

mocty Vgsap no tnophu

Rseptate coenOytie hyphae:
Repnoduutioy ^Frchgmenkatn
- spote fonmauim
(Apianas pore sporangios pe)
Columellat Sponangio sporeg
sporangiun uehoyHe (locnor
pore)

bos Spoangirplana
in Rhizopuy
Stounfn hypha
Rhizodia hyphae ?
 () (-)

Coenytie qarmee.

ygosPore Seal

# i¥ploid
Spore

ipO- )
aygaporaugiu ZApsf Meios porrehaploid

Rhizopus - bnead mou d /Blaue bre ale mou di

r Muion- Pin mold gnaus or dung
grovOs 6n
 nel atiey advarne d ungi
Mycelia septale!
Áu wau- chitin forme d
Motile Struu tene
Ce hsert
Rarasit at ap rotoph
My eui'un afenentiatd into
Preimay and
selondanmtyper.
bi

2 y cewnru
(4)
(nin)
) mycewu
I' my cen.
Asospotes Diploid nleus
097

3310203

e
Sn ascomycete primany (myei'alshow
plau mo gany
qam and forc dilanyo tit ceuy Riru
Latee corwerfnto

tfsatl on'b}n Jig)

and miosi
site leanygay
 my ceile um onvert nin genekie $tu dies..
yed
Some
into
as uylau út, Many
ike $trute
aselt agregake
tale d_t Frequenty
Bsperqiuy-i Aspengtuast in hum an -ear and tengr
Sterie and toie slbs tarues úke. nfatoin.
body atanp 'alo:eontminate Storred grain.
caled Labweed.
Ascocarps cen be edible Somelimes ce
-Tru?le /Tub en
Morey Moreheua esilentea LSD
isl díeth alcmide)
Snside hajtaid aSosporei are foned skeind. hauuino gen
in'inea manner J t (an be disondedne d in yeat
No. o aeospores nside a s .are y to. tw) Yet ’ Suueh arony es (enev's ae
meiosisfouowed mítosir buery
yeajt
wed in fercmertauin
Ascospores qenminatin gve ruse to t aleaotaa hoie' drine ,breads
myta bak and othen edible m ateriay.

RsLQs porres ane hapleid sexual meos pore) Morhela more

hanaut eris te
poe, in Tuber - Trupfles edibe pruting bodies
foined but
remaln pRert cb sent antibioti penliuin
3n omy uetes,conúdia are freq uenky forme d
and
thein' branched coniophone (plniiuum

Exariples adwaneed
Septate my ceu'a
rned
9 Neu0spora chasa- (pink mod) } into pain aey and
brawphiua"
i p l t keing dom.
Myoeuia diferaoentiated
zeloneiany myceui'a
 xLelent deompos eryi beLaw e hey
c'an basidia.
Dikanyo ic
degrtade lgnin tree.
standing
are panasites wel i
Raudiomyeeans orin plaumaqamy in prina KangogamH
myuelitim and foan téLondatymyeuiun
During SLDNdany myLeuiem fonmat in batdínpgre
basidien
dikaryobic
Nuecey.

4n seLond odiy into dub

80 me
ike
dikary otre
struutnes forned
basidia

Many bauiaia
bdridiems)rlse

with
buidiospoes myueuiun
Examples:
the' steitehyphaereIlt
bodyi baui déocarp is foremed. 3n Some
along ) Ageriuw bisporuy
basite'o tarp.

bouibianyceeans emans ab ent Guton muswom fedible)

Ex'- Reut Smut (U M) Am anita - Death
Sfi): Psiloybe maona
hálainogen
sile os karyoqany nd meias i is bottt baidsa
oK bay idum Eaih bauidcumoforni feuin haplaid Bnaeet
bauikosporees egensaly vi) Armilania Honey van
mdhoom
Caidospores are
haploid :Serual neospones wii) Pucanta graminis tritei
Cn germinatin gives nise to 3u, Blakrst ot heat
vtt) Pucunia neondita - BrO wn rwt
Bayfdlomyetean ae panauity assduweu af ud a a, trticit w he at
 1)’ Jn wheat plant
’ stager in Soit
tn barby
wanium moniuferun tmperfet stage"
uayl Deut eromyeteA) Form das Rungu aibereua
Bauane diseas e
Fungí tmperfeuti ALelospone
masty 'sapnoiwph or deo mposery ao can
Extna in Rungi
be paratti Audial
while S ubstnee.help in coton blue
Fun qauidtaen
minenau neuying
CHphael myelen septateis branehed.
not expbeed.
Ruy t
Puuinia
’ discovered
qran'ni - Blak
by k.c. M ehta
st wheat
mainy nepnoduue d aue ua
ways ReLeptve hypla
Fragmentaton Aeiasporaj (wapotd)
and inverted
yeniospora
oblavte
On weat ! 0Uhe at

wredospore, in
wal- chitin kormed teeeospore. wheat
Paratta

i) Eanly blight
eaaidiospones fau
S1) Tikle 'spotatoi>Auern ania ReNneAe banbey pant wredospones #
Red rust
siage
?i) Red rot
erospona Pers onata
Llowe totr um laturs
i) lea spot rie my cetiun to other/
Heimen thospariwn onyae wheat plant
) Traitho dema rricophyon Rnqu orm fBaidipong
NOTEi whengeuali
enp lored mem btru
rephod Ýn sks discoiene d (hor Tescospora au on -erminte in
deteero mycek # Teuiospong Sott jnso,
shú< ked to Asw
'Basslomyee. Branid poneg ing heye
(elauk spogs
 reo
atanyoti
4
ce
ikanyo He ceus,

i t tike strcutwres, 80Vt T4p auearp (ruitingbode)

tontaring babasidia nd
@ Ppotheia apo ieiem-tee
Cup tite
bas idaas pones 3I
Peziza. p fungi
bl

Perith euiu 3) leis to theuu

fenicitiuy
ere byphana Efphae
ib lke ba
Sidiun múdew direaue
ath lite Pawdery
tuitiospone
hymenin Septaupones
Simple porei
Tnama
Trsusverye

farenthiorome
Batdiomycey
h.