Skill Training Report

At Sanket pathology
laboratory
Submitted by
Ms. shruti ketanbhai Gangadiya

PG-DMLT, Sem II
To

Department of Microbiology
Faculty of Science

Atmiya University
Yogidham Gurukul, Rajkot

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 Atmiya University
Faculty of Science
Department of
Microbiology

POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN

MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY
AU/PGDMLT/2023-24 Exam Seat No. 230661014

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Skill Training has been successfully completed at Sanket
pathology Laboratory by Ms. Shruti ketanbhai Gangadiya students of
Postgraduate Diploma in Medical Technology, Department of Microbiology, of
Science, Atmiya University, Rajkot as a part of the partial Laboratory fulfillment
for the PG-DMLT during academic year 2023-24.

Dr. Rohan Pandya Dr. Krishna Joshi

Head, Assistant Professor
Dept. of Microbiology Dept.of Microbiology.

Atmiya University. Atmiya University

Examiner’s Signature:
Date:
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 Acknowledgment

I place on record, my sincere thank you to our HOD Dr. Rohan Pandya sir , for the
continuous encouragement. I am also grateful our faculties Dr. Krishna Joshi
Madam, Ms. Radhika Joshi Madam & Ms. Nancy Pipaliya Madam, for all the extra
efforts you make to help us grow in the Department of PG-DMLT.

I am extremely thankful for sharing expertise, and valuable guidance and

encouragement extended to me.

First of all , I would like to express my special thanks to Dr. Hitesh B. Gajera
owner of the pathology laboratory. He giving me advice and guidance in my
laboratory internship.

I also thank laboratory in charge Shweta ma'am pitroda.

I also thank my parents.

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 Sr. Title Name Page No.
no.
1 Introduction 05

2 Hematology 08

3 Urine 12
examination
4 ABO blood 13
group
5 Brucella 14

6 Widal 15

7 HIV 16

8 Dengue 17

9 Normal ranges 18

11 Biochemistry table 19

12 Summary 20

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 1. Introduction

A clinical laboratory is a laboratory where tests are done on clinical specimens in

order to get information about the health of a patient as pertaining to the diagnosis, treatment,
and prevention of disease.

Medical laboratory science is a complex subject enclosing a number of different

disciplines.

• Hematology
• Clinical biochemistry
• Clinical microbiology & serology
• Introduction to Instruments Used in Laborator

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 Microscope

A microscope is a laboratory instrument used to examine objects that are too small to be seen by
thenaked eye. It is used in urine examination, blood cell examination.

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 Centrifuge

A centrifuge is a laboratory device that is used for the separation of fluids, or liquid,
based on density. e.g., Separating plasma and blood cell.

A centrifuge works by using the principle of sedimentation: under the influence of gravitational
force. substances separate according to their density. Different types of separation are known
including isopycnic. ultrafiltration density gradient. Phase separation and pelleting.

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 2. Hematology

CBC machine

A complete blood count (CBC) is a blood test. It's used to look at overall health and find
a wide range of conditions, including anemia, infection and leukemia. A complete blood count
test measures the following: Red blood cells, which carry oxygen.

This counter enables determination of

1. HGB
2. RBC count
3. WBC count
4. HCT
5. MCV
6. MCH
7. MCHC
8. Plt

Hemoglobin: -
M:13.5-18.0 g/dl

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F:11.5-15.5 g/dl

• RBC: -
M:4.5-6.5 mil./cu.mm
F:3.9-5.6 mil./cu.mm

• WBC:
4,000-10,000 mil./cu.mm

• Neutrophils: 60%-70%
• Lymphocyte: 20%-30%
• Eosinophil: 1%-4%
• Monocyte: 2%-6%
• Basophil: 0-1%

• Platelet: 1,50,000 - 4,50,000/cu.mm

Biochemistry machine

Biochemistry Analyzer is a medical laboratory equipment used extensively in clinical

laboratories. It is designed to conduct tests to measure chemicals at various stages of the
biological processes on a wide range of test samples from blood, plasma, serum.

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 Electrolyte analyzer

The electrolyte analyzer is a device for measuring the electrolytes in the human body. They are
primarily used in the quantitative measurement of sodium, potassium, and chloride in whole
blood,serum, or plasma.

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 Tube guidance

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 3. Urine examination

• Introduction : It is useful for diagnosis and detection of metabolic or systemic diseases not
directly related to the kidney.
It yields a large amount of information quickly and economically.

Normal range : 4.8 to 7.5

• Abdominal color :
Dark yellow or brownish yellow : due to bilirubin, in jaundice.
White: due to chyle, pus
Red: due to red cells
Dark brown to black: due to melanin
Pink: due to uric acid, urate
Blue to green: due to biliverdin

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 4. ABO blood group

• INTRODUCTION: (Rh)Rhesus blood group system is clinically the second most important
blood
group system in humans after the ABO system. It was discovered in 1940 by
Landsteiner & wiener.
Rh antibodies are not naturally occurring but develop only after exposure to Rh antigen.

• PROCEDURE:
• Take 2 slides
• Put 1- 1 drop of A, B & O pooled cells
• Add 1-1 drop of serum to each
• Mix well with applicator stick for 1 min & spread at least in 15 mm area of slide.
• Observe for agglutination.
• Interpret the results.

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 5. Brucella test:

• PROCEDURE:

Allow the reagents and sample to reach room temperature.

Place 50µl of the sample and one drop of each positive and negative.

control into separate circles on the slide test.

Shake the reagent gently before using and add a drop of this reagent next to the
sample to be tested.

Mix both drops with a stick, spreading them over the entire surface of the circle.
Use different stirrers for each sample.

Rotate the slide with a mechanical rotator and read the result.

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 6. Widal test:

• PROCEDURE:

1. Place a drop of test serum or plasma, positive control and negative control onto

separate reaction Qualitative analysis of salmonella typhi antibody by rapid

slide method.Widal test is for qualitative determination of antibodies produced

in response to the stimulation by specific antigen of salmonella group in

human. circles of the RPR test card, using a disposable sterile pipette.

2. Add one drop of carbon antigen to test serum, positive control and negative control.

3. Using separate mixing sticks, mix the sample and control with antigen

separately and spread it to fill the circles.

4. Start stopwatch and gently rotate and tilt the card by hand.

5. Observe for flocculation after 8 minutes.

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 7. HIV test:

•PROCEDURE: 1

- Place test cassette on a level surface.

- Use the alcohol swab to disinfect any fingertip. Let dry.

- Place lancet on a disinfected fingertip and puncture the skin just off the centre of
the finger pad.

- Apply gentle pressure beside the point of puncture. Wipe away first drop of blood.
Then, use dropper to collect sample.

- Drop blood sample into sample well (A). Drop 2 drops of buffer into buffer well
(B).

- Wait 15 minutes and read the results.

DO NOT read results after 30 min.

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 8. Dengue test:

PROCEDURE:

For detection of Dengue NS1 antigen:

- Fill the plastic dropper with specimen

Holding the dropper vertically,

- Dispense 1 drop (about 30 - 45 µl) of serum/plasma or 2 drops (about 80-100 µl) of whole
blood to the sample well making sure that there are no air bubbles.

- Immediately add 2 drops of Sample Diluent to the sample well with the bottle positioned
vertically.

For detection of Dengue IgG/IgM:

- Do not read result after 25 minutes.

Fill the capillary tube with specimen not to exceed the specimen line as shown in the images
below.

- Holding the capillary tube vertically, dispense the entire specimen into the centre of the sample
well making sure that there are no air bubbles.

- Immediately add 3 drops (about 90-120 µl) of Sample Diluent into the buffer well with the
bottle positioned vertically.

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 9. Normal ranges:

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 10. Biochemistry table:

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 Summary

My experience work as laboratory technician in Sanket pathology Laboratory teach

me to be a good skills In my work. During this internship I have accumulated various
experience and had been assigned to me.

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