Wa0010.

PAINTING SYSTEM
PAINTING SYSTEM
•-
• Primer
• Undercoat
• Finishing coat (Top coat)

PAINTING SYSTEM
PAINTING SYSTEM
• The first or preliminary coat of paint

applied to a surface
• Its function of the primer is to grip (hold
tightly) the substrate
• To provide protection against
corrosion/dampness
• To provide a good key for remaining
coats
PAINTING SYSTEM
• Primers provide bonding, helps the top

coat to stick to the surface
• Stain blocking (Prevent stain from
bleeding through)
• Coverage per litre, 11 sq.m.
• To check if a primer is needed on the painted
surface, press a piece of transparent tape onto
old paint and remove,
• If the paint comes off, it needs Priming
PAINTING SYSTEM
PAINTING SYSTEM
• The function of the undercoat is

To provide good opacity (hiding power)
together with a smooth surface which
provides a good key for the finishing coat.
• Undercoats usually contain large quantities

of pigment (NATURAL COLOURING MATTER )to
provide hiding power
PAINTING SYSTEM
• Undercoats and priming coats do not in

them provide an impermeable dirt-
resistant coating.
• Coverage per litre 13 sq.m.

PAINTING SYSTEM
PAINTING SYSTEM
• This must provide a durable layer of the

required colour and texture
• Traditionally most finishing coats were gloss

finish (shine)
• And these tend to have the best resistance

to dirt since they provide very smooth
surfaces
FILM FORMATION
Film formation
• The conversion of a material in a
container into an adherent and
durable coating is termed as the
process of film formation
• and generally comprises of three
main steps namely,
Film formation
• Is the spread of the composition

into a thin layer over the substrate.
• Many methods of application can be

used including a brush, a roller, a
spray gun, flow coating, dip coating,
electro deposition system
Film formation
• a brush a roller
Film formation
• spray gun
Film formation
• Dip coating
Film formation
As the coating is applied, it will flow

and stabilise into relatively uniform
film.
• This stage is referred to as fixation.
• After the coating has stabilised it will

be cured by time, temperature or
some time other means.
Film formation
• During fixation, the coating is stabilised so

that it will not run off of form an uneven
layer on the painted surface.
• Fixation usually occurs by evaporation of
volatile solvent from an organic solvent
system or water from a latex system.
• An ideal liquid paint would be free flowing
during application , flow evenly over the
work surface, stabilize quickly and remain in
place.
Failure of paint
FAILURE OF PAINT
1. Bad workmanship
2. Conditions for paint
3. Moisture
4. Salts and alkalies
5. Unsuitable surface
6.Wrong choice of paint
DEFECTS OF PAINT
DEFECTS OF PAINT
• Caused by water vapour which is trapped

behind painted surface
DEFECTS OF PAINT
• Formation of dull patches occurs on the
finished polished surface due to the
defect in paint or bad ventilation.
• is a milky film that appears over the
finished colour coat as it dries.
DEFECTS OF PAINT
• The gradual loss of colour due to the
effect of sunlight on pigments
DEFECTS OF PAINT
• Due to poor adhesion a small
portion of the painted surface can
sometime seen loose.
DEFECTS OF PAINT
Sometimes the gloss patches
are seen on the painted
surface.
This is known as flashing
mainly due to poor
workmanship, cheap paint
or weather action.
DEFECTS OF PAINT
• When the final coat of paint has not
sufficient opacity, the background is
clearly seen.
• This is known as the grinning
DEFECTS OF PAINT
• The paint runs back and leaves small
areas of surface uncovered.
• This defect occurs when the surface to
be painted is too smooth.
DEFECTS OF PAINT
• When vertical or inclined surface is
painted too thickly, the defect of
sagging occurs.
DEFECTS OF PAINT
• The formation of soap patches on the
painted surface due to chemical action
of alkalies.
• When the horizontal surface is too

thickly painted the effects of wrinkling
become prominent.( Small lines of folds)
DEFECTS OF PAINT
•
VARNISHES
VARNISHES
• Are transparent or nearly transparent
solutions of resinous materials and are
applied over the painted surfaces
prepared either in alcohol, oil or
turpentine.
VARNISHES
• It brightens the surface of grain or

wood
• It renders brilliancy to the painted
surface
• It protect the painted surfaces
from the atmospheric actions
• It protect the unpainted wooden
surfaces
VARNISHES
• It should render the surface gloss

• It should dry rapidly and present a
finished surface which is uniform in
nature and pleasing in appearance
• The colour of varnish should not
fade away when the surface is
exposed to the atmospheric surface
VARNISHES
• Resin or resinous substances

• Dries
• Solvents
VARNISHES
 Oil varnishes
• Linseed oil used as solvent
• Generally adopted for exposed works which
• require frequent cleaning
 Spirit varnishes
• Methylated spirint used as solvent
• Generally used for furnitures
VARNISHES
 Preparation of surface
 Knotting.Covering or killing all the knot in
wood work.
 Stopping.Done by hot weak glue to fillup the
pore spaces.
 Coats of varnishes

Wa0010.

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PAINTING SYSTEM

• Finishing coat (Top coat)

• The first or preliminary coat of paint

• Primers provide bonding, helps the top

• The function of the undercoat is

• Undercoats usually contain large quantities

• Undercoats and priming coats do not in

• Coverage per litre 13 sq.m.

• This must provide a durable layer of the

• Traditionally most finishing coats were gloss

• And these tend to have the best resistance

• Is the spread of the composition

• Many methods of application can be

As the coating is applied, it will flow

• After the coating has stabilised it will

• During fixation, the coating is stabilised so

• Caused by water vapour which is trapped

• When the horizontal surface is too

• It brightens the surface of grain or

• It should render the surface gloss

• Resin or resinous substances

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