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Code :9A01404 1
II B.Tech II Semester(R09) Regular Examinations, April/May 2011
FLUID MECHANICS & HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Explain briefly the working principle of Bourdon pressure gauge with a neat sketch.
(b) Calculate the capillary rise in a glass tube of 3.0 mm diameter when immersed vertically in (a)
water and (b) mercury. Take Surface tensions for mercury and water as 0.0725 n/m and 0.52
n/m respectively in contect with our. Specific gravity for mercury in 13.6.

2. (a) State and explain Bernoulli’s theorem. Mention the assumptions made. How is it modified while
applying in practice.
(b) A pipe line carrying oil of specific gravity 0.8 changes in diameter from 300 mm at a position A
to 500mm diameter to a position B. which is 5m at a higher level. If the pressures at A and B

loss of head and direction of flow.

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are 19.62 n/Cm2 and 14.91 n/Cm2 respectively and the discharge is 150 lit/sec, determine the

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3. (a) Derive an expression for loss of head due to friction.
(b) Two pipes of lengths 2500 m each and diameters 80 cm and 60 cm respectively are connected in

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parallel. The coefficient of friction for each pipe is 0.006. The total flow is equal to 250 lit/sec.
Find the rate of flow in each pipe.

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4. (a) For a curved radial vane, derive an expression for the work done per second.
(b) A jet of water of the diameter 100mm moving with a velocity of 20m/sec strikes a curved fixed
plate tangentially at one end at an angle of 300 to the horizontal. The jet leanes the plate at an

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angle of 200 to the horizontal. Find the force exerted by the jet on the plate in the horizontal
and vertical directions.

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5. (a) Draw a neat sketch of a hydropower plant and explain the various elements of it.
(b) What do you mean by daily load curve. Draw the curve and explain the significance of it.

6. (a) Differentiate between:

i. Impulse and Reaction turbines
ii. Radial and ascial flow turbines
iii. Inward and outward radial flow turbine.
(b) Design a pelton wheel for a head of 80m and speed 300r.p.m. The pelton wheel develops 103
KWSP Take Cv = 0.98, speed Ratio = 0.48 and overall efficiency = 0.80.

7. (a) Define cavitation. What are the effects of cavitation. Give the necessary precautions against
cavitation.
(b) A pelton wheel is revolving at a speed of 200 r.p.m. and develops 5886 KWSP. When working
under a head of 200 m with an overall efficiency of 80%. Determine unit speed, unit discharge
and unit power. The speed ratio for the turbine is given as 0.48. Find the speed, discharge and
power when this turbine is working under a head of 150m.

8. (a) Define centrifugal pump. Explain the working of a single stage Centrifugal pump with sketches.
(b) Obtain an expression for the minimum speed for a starting a centrifugal pump.

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Code :9A01404 2
II B.Tech II Semester(R09) Regular Examinations, April/May 2011
FLUID MECHANICS & HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Differentiate between: (i) Absolute and gauge pressure (ii) simple manometer and differ-
ential manometer and (iii) piezometer and pressure gauge.
(b) A plate, 0025 mm distant from a fixed plate moves at 50cm/sec and requires a force of
1.471 n/m2 to maintain this speed. Determine the fluid viscosity between the plates in
poise.
2. (a) Discuss the classification of flows giving suitable practical examples for each case.
(b) A 450 reducing bend is connected in a pipe line, the diameters at the inlet and outlet of

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the bend being 40cm and 20cm respectively. Find the force exerted by water on the bend
if the intensity of pressure at inlet of bend is 21.58 n/cm2 . The rate of flow of water is 500
lit/sec.

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3. (a) What is a venturimeter. Derive an expression for the discharge through a venturimeter.
(b) An oil of kinematic viscosity 0.5 stoke is flowing through a pipe of diameter 300mm at the
rate of 320 lit/sec. Find the head lost due to friction for a length of 60m of the pipe.
4. (a) Differentiate between:

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i. the force exerted by a jet of water on a fixed vertical plate and moving vertical plate.

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ii. the force exerted by a jet on a single curved moving plate and a series of curved
moving plate.

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(b) Show that the efficiency of a free jet striking normally on a series of flat plates mounted
on the periphery of a wheel can never exceed 50%.
5. (a) What is a flow mass curve. Explain how it is used in fixing the capacity of a reservoir.
(b) What is a Surge tank. Describe its working and function.
6. (a) What are the uses of a draft tube. Describe with neat sketches different types of draft
tubes.
(b) A Kaplan turbine runner is to the designed to develop 7357.5 KWSP. The net available
head is 10m. Assume that the speed ratio is 1.8 and flow ratio 0.6 if the overall efficiency
is 70% and diameter of the loss is 0.4 times the diameter of the runner, find the diameter
of the runner, its speed and specific speed.
7. (a) Define the specific speed of a turbine. Derive an expression for the specific speed. What
Is the significance of the specific speed.
(b) What is cavitation? How can it be avoided in reaction turbine.
8. (a) Obtain an expression for the work done by impeller of a centrifugal pump on water per
second per unit weight of water.
(b) What is primary. Why and when it is necessary. Explain the primary devices.

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Code :9A01404 3
II B.Tech II Semester(R09) Regular Examinations, April/May 2011
FLUID MECHANICS & HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Explain the phenomenon of capillarity obtain an expression for capillary rise of a liquid.
(b) An open tank contain water upto a depth of 1.5 m ad above it an oil of specific gravity
0.8 for a depth of 2m. Find the pressure intensity (i) at the interface of the two liquids
and (ii) at the bottom of the tank.
2. (a) Define: (i) path line (ii) streak line (iii) stream line (iv) stream tube.
(b) Define the equation of continuity. Obtain an expression for continuity equation for a one
dimensional flow.

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3. (a) Show that loss of head due to sudden expression in pipe line is a function of velocity head.
(b) A 30cm x15 cm venturimeter is inserted in a vertical pipe carrying water flowing in upward

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direction. A differential mercury manometer connected to the inlet and throat gives a
reading of 30 cm. Find the discharge . take Cd = 0.98.
4. (a) Derive the expression for the force exerted by a jet of water on an included fixed plate In
the direction of jet.

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(b) A jet of water diameter 50 mm moving with a velocity of 20 m/sec strikes a fixed plate in
such a way that the angle between the jet and the plate is 600 . Find the force exerted by

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a jet on the plate (i) in the direction normal to the plate and (ii) in the direction of the
jet.

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5. (a) Describe various types of hydal schemes.
(b) Write short notes on:
i. Scroll casing
ii. Draft tube and
iii. Tail Race.
6. (a) Obtain an expression for the work done per second by water on the runner of a pelton
wheel and hence derive expression for maximum efficiency.
(b) Explain the principle and working of a Francis turbine with the help of a neat sketch.
7. (a) What do you understand by the characteristic curves of a turbine. Explain with a sketch.
(b) What is water hammer. Where and how it develops. What measures are to be taken
against its happening.
8. (a) Define specific speed of a centrifugal pump. Derive an expression for the same.
(b) The diameter of an impeller of a centrifugal pump at inlet and outlet are 300 mm and
600 mm respectively. The velocity of flow at outlet is 2.5 m/sec and vanes are set back
at an angle of 450 at outlet. Determine the minimum strating speed of the pump if the
manometric efficiency is 75%.

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Code :9A01404 4
II B.Tech II Semester(R09) Regular Examinations, April/May 2011
FLUID MECHANICS & HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Define surface tension. Derive the relationship between surface tension and pressure inside a
droplet of liquid in excess of outside pressure.
(b) Determine the intensity of shear of an oil having viscosity of 1.2 poise and is used for lubrication
in the clearance between 10cm diameter shaft and its fournal bearing. The clearance is 1.0mm
and shaft rolates at 200 rpm.
2. (a) Distinguish between:
i. Laminar and Turbulent flow
ii. Uniform and non uniform flow and
iii. Steady and unsteady flow

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(b) What is Eulers equation of motion, obtain Bernoullis equation from it.
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3. (a) Describe major and minor losses in ripes with neat sketches.
(b) A horizontal pipe of diameter 400 mm is suddenly contracted to a diameter of 200 mm. The

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pressure intensities in the large and smaller pipe is given as 14.715 N/cm2 and 12.753 N/cm2
respectively. If CC =0.62, find the loss of head due to contraction. Also determine the rate of flow
of water.

direction of jet.

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4. (a) Derive an expression for the force exerted by a jet of water an moving inclined plate in the

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(b) A jet of water of diameter 100 mm moving with a velocity of 30msec strikes a curved fixed
symmetrical plate at the centre. Find the force exerted by the jet of water in the direction of the

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jet, if the jet is deflected through an angle of 1200 at the outlet of the curved plate.

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5. (a) Explain: (i) intake structure (ii) penstock (iii) Anchor block
(b) Explain the terms load factor, plant factor and utilization factor. Derive relation between these
factors.
6. (a) Define and explain different efficiencies of a turbine.
(b) A pelton wheel has a mean bucket diameter of 0.8 m and is running at 1000 rpm. The net head
on the pelton wheel is 400 m. If the side clearance angle is 150 and discharge through nozzle is
150 lit/sec find:
i. Power available at the nozzle
ii. Hydraulic efficiency of the turbine.
7. (a) What are unit quantities. Derive the expressions for unit speed, unit discharge and unit power of
a turbine.
(b) Define the term ‘Governing of a turbine’. Describe with a neat sketch the working of an oil
pressure governor.
8. (a) What do you mean by pump characteristics? Briefly explain the uses of such characteristics.
(b) Describe multistage pump with
i. impellers in parallel and
ii. impellers in series.

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