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All About
Computers 4

Progress Publishers
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Email : [email protected]
 1. History of computers
1. Computer Generation Period Technology Used
First Generation 1946 – 1958 Vacuum Tubes
Second Generation 1956 – 1963 Transistors
Third Generation 1964 – 1971 Integrated circuits
Fourth Generation 1971 – Present Microprocessors
Fifth Generation Present a n d Artificial
Beyond Intelligence
2. (a) Abacus (b) Charles Babbage
(c) Transistors (d) Analytical Engine
(e) Robotics
3. (a) fourth (b) Charles Babbage
(c) semiconductors (d) Fifth
(e) Artificial Intelligence
4. (a) F (b) T (c) F (d) T (e) T
5. (a) Abacus, Napier’s bones, Pascaline calculator, Difference
engine, Analytical engine, ENIAC, IBM 401, Desktop
computer.
(b) The characteristics of third generation computer are :-
1. Third generation computers used smaller sized
transistors placed on silicon chips, called
semiconductors.
2. These computers used an operating system for their
overall functioning.
3. These computers started using keyboards and
monitors.
(c) Charles Babbage invented the difference engine in 1822.
This device was made from mechanical parts. It could
perform tabular calculations. Charles Babbage also
invented the analytical engine in 1833. This machine
was made from steam driven mechanical parts. It could
perform all arithmetic operations such as addition,
subtraction, multiplication and division. It had All
the main parts that any modern computer has – input
device, storage device, a central processing unit, and
an output device.
2 All About Computers - 4
 (d) calculating devices invented before the modern computer
are :-
1. Abacus - It was the first mechanical calculator
developed in Chine approximately 2600 B. C. It
performed simple addition, subtraction, multiplication
and division of numbers. An abacus consists of beads
that can be moved on a series of sticks within a
wooden frame.
2. Napier’s Bones - Napier’s Bones was invented in
1617 by Scottish Mathematician Sir John Napier.
The device was used to solve complex multiplication
and division calculations easily. It consisted of rods
made from bones with numbers marked on them.
3. Pascaline calculator - The Pascaline calculator was
developed in 1642 by a French Mathematician Blaise
Pascal. It was made up of wheels, dials and gears.
It could solve complex mathematical calculations
involving large numbers. It is considered as the
first mechanical calculator in the world.
(e) The characteristics of fifth generation computer are :-
1. These computer can recognize speech and handwriting
patterns.
2. These computer can recognize images and graphs.
3. These computer are capable of performing highly
complex calculations at very high speed.
Think and Answer
(a) Fourth Generation
(b) Artificial Intelligence

2. Input and Output devices

1. (a) Projector (b) Light Pen
(c) Digital camera (d) Barcode (e)
2. (a) mouse (b) hard copy (c) stylus
(d) webcam (e) monitor
3. (a) F (b) F (c) T d) F (e) T

All About Computers - 4 3

4. (a) A series of input, process and output operations is called
the IPO cycle.
(b) A device that combines an input and an output device
in a single unit is called a multifunction Device.
Some multifunction Devices are :-
1. A multifunction printer combines a printer and a
scanner in a single unit.
2. A digital Camera is another input/output device. It is
used to capture images through its lens and display
images on its screen.
(c) Some common types of printers are :-
1. Dot Matrix Printer – It prints text and images by
striking pins against an ink ribbon to form closely
spaced dots in the appropriate shape. It is loud,
slow and prints only in black color.
2. Inkjet Printer – It sprays droplets of ink onto paper
to form text and images. It can print in black as
well as in color. It has better printing quality than
a dot matrix printer.
3. Laser Printer – It prints graphics and text on paper
by using a laser beam. The laser beam burns the
ink onto the paper. It can print in black as well as
color. It prints very fast and produces high quality
printouts.
(d)(i) Light pen is a pen shaped input device used to draw
objects directly onto the computer screen. It is also
used to point at and select objects on the screen.
Graphic tablet is an input device that consists of
a flat surface on which the user writes and draws
using a stylus. The text and drawings appear as
digital images on the computer screen.
(ii) Webcam is an input device connected to a computer to
capture still images and live videos. It is commonly
used for videoconferencing and video chatting. A
digital camera is an input/output device. It is used
to capture images through its lens and displays
images on its screen.

4 All About Computers - 4

 (iii) Printer is an output device which prints information
displayed on a monitor onto paper. Projector is a
output device used for displaying videos, images or
computer data on a screen or other flat surface.
(iv) Trackball is an input device has a ball on its surface
which can be rolled with fingers to move the pointer
on the screen. Joystick is an input device to play
games on a computer. It has buttons to control
various actions in a game.
Think and answer
(a) Scanner
(b) Projector or digital camera

Z K X L B C D V G B H J T Y L
Q W J A T U N I F A N O R P I
P E O S C A N N E R V W A B G
R R Y C B M R E N C U I C N H
I U S V M O N I T O R O K S T
N Y T T L N K H J D K L B D P
T Q I Z Y X J B W E B C A M E
E W C R Q L C V N T Y I L F N
R U K E A W U M H R U G L B V
X Q C B Z B E S P E A K E R S

3. Computer Memory
1. (a) Primary memory (b) Cloud storage (c) ROM
(d) NAS (e) Byte
2. (a) DVD (b) SSD (c) Magnetic
(d) NAS (e) Byte
3. (a) F (b) T (c) T (d) F (e) F
4. (a) RAM stands for ‘Random Access Memory’. It stores data
and instructions used by the CPU to perform various
tasks. Ram is a read/write memory. Information can
be written to it and read from it at a very fast speed.

All About Computers - 4 5

 It stores information only as long as the computer is
working. Once the computer is shut down, the infor-
mation stored in RAM is lost. Thus, it is a volatile
memory.
ROM stands for ‘Read only Memory’. The instructions in
ROM are written using laser technology by the manu-
facturer. It cannot be changed or modified by the user,
hence called, read-only. The instructions in ROM stay
in ROM even when the computer is switched off. Thus,
it is a non-volatile memory.
(b) Cache memory is a fast and efficient memory on which
read and write operations can be done faster than RAM.
Cache memory usually stores the data and instructions
used more frequently by the CPU. It acts as a buffer
between the CPU and the RAM.
(c) Secondary storage devices are used to store information
that needs to be accessed frequently. Three secondary
storage devices that are not fixed inside the CPU are:
Pen drive, memory card and DVD.
(d) Primary memory is in the form of memory chips that
are attached to the motherboard of the computer or are
built into it. It has limited capacity to store data. It
is directly accessible by the CPU. The CPU reads the
instructions stored in the primary memory continuously,
and executes them as and when required. Secondary
memory allows permanent storage of large quantities
of date is not directly accessible by the CPU). The ca-
pacity of secondary memory is high, usually measured
in gigabytes or terabytes.
(e) 1. Programmable Read Only Memory
2. Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
3. Network Access Storage
4. Solid State Disk
Think and answer
(a) Memory Card
(b) Portable hard disk

6 All About Computers - 4

 B L O H T H B E B C I T A B Y
I X R A M Q B Y Y S D A N L V
T A R R I A F H T X T P C U B
Y E A D E N M Q E E O E B R I
P E N D R I V E W I D D Q A N
I S S I G S T M Z R A R A Y A
C A C S E M E M O R Y I E D Q
N O C K O U D S T O R V G I Y
R O M J A R Y F U P R E G S D
T A B I N A R Y D I G I T C I

4. Customising Windows 10
1. (a) Icons (b) Wallpaper
(c)
Lock screen (d) Rectangle (e) icon
2. (a)
burning out (b) Desktop
(c)
Start menu (d) Live tiles (e) Screen saver
3. (a)
F (b) T (c) T (d) F (e) T
4. (a)
steps to set an image as Desktop Background are:
1. Click the start button on the taskbar.
The start menu appears.
2. Click the settings icon.
The settings app window opens.
3. Click personalization.
The personalization settings appear.
4. Click the drop down list under Background and choose
Picture.
5. Click one from the recent images under choose your
picture or click browse and select a picture for the
background.
6. Click the drop down list under choose a fit and select
a fit style – Fill, Fit, Stretch, Centre, Tile, or span
– for the picture.
7. Click the x button to close the settings app window.
The selected background is displayed on the desktop.

All About Computers - 4 7

 (b) To set the screen saver:
1. Click the start button to display the start menu.
2. Click the settings icon,
The settings app window opens.
3. Click personalization.
The personalization settings appear.
4. Click Lock screen.
5. Scroll down and click the Screen saver settings. The
screen saver settings dialog box opens.
6. Click the drop down list under screen saver and
choose a screen saver. A preview of the screen saver
is displayed in the dialog box.
7. In the wait box, specify the minutes for which the
computer should remain idle before the screen saver
is displayed.
8. Click the OK button.
9. Click the x button to close the Settings app window.
The selected screen saver appears on the monitor,
when the computer is left idle for the specified time.
(c) To change the background of the Lock screen:
1. Click the start button to display the Start menu.
2. Click the settings icon, the setting app windows
opens.
3. Click personalization, the personalization settings
appear.
4. Click Lock screen.
5. Click the drop down list under Background and click
Picture.
6. Click one from the recent images under choose your
picture or click browse and select a picture for the
lock screen.
7. Click the x button to close the setting app window.
The selected image will appear when you lock or
start your computer.
(d) Live tiles display constantly changing information from
the computer or the Internet.
8 All About Computers - 4
 To turn a Live tile On/Off:
1. Click the start button to display the start menu.
2. Right click the Live tile you want to turn On/Off.
3. Click more and select Turn live tile Off or Turn live
tile On.
The behaviour of the tile is changed.
(e) We customize the appearance of icons on the desktop to
keep the desktop organized.
5. Files and Folders
1. (a) Subfolder (b)
(c) Navigation Pane (d) File explorer
(e) Ctrl
2. (a) folder (b) file icon (c) subfolder
(d) address bar (e) Recycle bin
3. (a) F (b) T (c) T (d) F (e) T
4. (a) A filename extension is a set of characters added to the
end of the filename. It helps windows to understand
what kind of information is in a file and which program
will open it. File extension for Word 2016 is .docx and
PowerPoint 2016 is .pptx
(b) A file is a collection of data that has been created, named
and stored on a hard disk of a computer or an external
storage media while a folder is a container that helps
to organize the files. Every file on a computer is stored
in a folder.
(c) File explorer is a program that enables you to work
with files and folders on your computer. It helps you
to view, create, copy, move, rename and delete files
and folders. The various parts of the File explorer
windows are:
Title Bar, Quick Access toolbar, Ribbon, Address Bar, Search
box, Navigation pane, Navigation buttons, Contents
pane and status bar.
(d) To copy a file at another location:
1. Open the location that contains the file you want to copy.
All About Computers - 4 9
 2. Click the file you want to copy.
3. On the home tab, in the clipboard group, click copy.
Windows places a copy of the file in the clipboard.
4. Open the location where you want to copy the selected
file.
5. On the Home tab, in the clipboard group, click paste.
A copy of the original file appears in the new location.
(e) To rename a folder:
1. In the contents pane, click the folder you want to
rename.
2. On the home tab, in the organize group, click rename.
A text box appears around the folder name.
3. Type the new name and press enter.
The folder is renamed.
Think and answer
(a) Restore deleted documents from the Recycle Bin on the
Desktop.
(b) To move a file/folder:
1. Open the location that contains the file/folder you
want to move.
2. Click the file/folder you want to move.
3. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click Cut.
Windows places the file/folder in the clipboard.
4. Open the location where you want to move the selected
file/folder.
5. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click Paste.
The file/folder appears in the new location.

6. More LOGO Commands

1. (a) Main screen (b) HT
(c) PENDOWN (d) SETPENCOLOR 4
2. (a) BK 50 (b) PENNORMAL
(c) SHOWTURTLE (d) Main screen
3. (a) T (b) F (c) T (d) F
10 All About Computers - 4
 4. (a) The LOGO commands are used to move the turtle
around the screen, draw lines, display text, or change
its behaviour.
(b) The PENUP command lifts the pen of the turtle up from
the Main screen while HIDETURTLE command hides
the turtle from the main screen.
(c) The PENPAINT command sets the pen of the turtle from
erase mode to drawing mode. While PENNORMAL
command resets the turtle to its default pen color, pen
size and sets the turtle to drawing mode.
(d)1. CS command clears the Main screen and brings the
turtle back to HOME position.
2. PD command puts the pen of the turtle down on the
main screen.
3. SETH command turns the turtle right by n degrees
from its HOME position.
4. PE command sets the pen of the turtle to the erase
mode. This command is used to erase a line by
moving the turtle over it.
Practical Assessment
(a) LT 90 FD 25
FD 100 PD
RT 120 FD 50
FD 100 RT 90
RT 120 FD 25
FD 100 RT 90
RT 30 FD 50
FD 100 RT 90
RT 90 FD 25
FD 100 PU
RT 90 BK 80
FD 100 RT 90
BK 20 FD 10
RT 90 LT 90
PU PD

All About Computers - 4 11

 FD 40 LT 90
RT 90 FD 100
FD 30 LT 90
RT 90 FD 120
FD 40 PU
FD 20
(b) SETPENSIZE [5 5]
PD
SETPENCOLOR 10
LT 90
FD 100
FD 75
RT 90
FD 100 LT 90
FD 120
RT 90
PU
FD 100
FD 20
RT 90
PD
FD 100
LT 90
RT 90
FD 25
PU
LT 90
FD 10
FD 100
RT 90
PU
FD 10
FD 40
LT 90
PD
PD
RT 90
SETPENCOLOR 4
FD 25
FD 80
RT 90
RT 90
FD 60
FD 80
PU
RT 90
FD 30
FD 80
PD
RT 90
FD 20
FD 80
BK 20
(c) RT 90 LT 90
FD 140 FD 25

12 All About Computers - 4

 7. Turtle – Making Shapes
1. (a) Square brackets (b) 72 times
(c) Hexagon (d) 5 units
2. (a) 360 (b) 50
(c) inner, outer (d) 45
3. (a) T (b) F (c) T (d) F
4. (a) To draw a polygon using REPEAT command values
required are number of sides, and number of units.
(b) 360 degrees/number of sides
(c) REPEAT (number of sides) and RT
(d) 1. REPEAT 5 [FD 40 RT 72]
2. REPEAT 270 [FD 4 RT 1]
3. REPEAT 180 [FD 2 RT 1]
5. (a) REPEAT 8 [FD 80 RT 45]
(b) REPEAT 4 [FD 120 RT 90]
RT 90
FD 120
REPEAT 3[FD 80 LT 90]
Practical Assessment
(a) REPEAT 180 [FD 5 RT 2]
REPEAT 180 [FD 4 RT 2]
REPEAT 180 [FD 3 RT 2]

(b) REPEAT 5 [FD 100 RT 72]

REPEAT 4 [FD 100 RT 90]
REPEAT 3 [FD 100 RT 120]

(c) REPEAT 4 [REPEAT 180 [FD 5 RT 2] LT 90]

All About Computers - 4 13
 8. Word – Editing Text
1. (a) Selection Bar (b) Cut and paste
(c) Review tab (d) blue wavy line (e) Change all
2. (a) thrice (b) Ctrl +A
(c) Thesaurus (d) last (e) dictionary
3. (a) T (b) F (c) T (d) T (e) T
4.(a) Text to Select Mouse action
One word Double click the word
Block of text Click and drag over the required text
One sentence Press Ctrl key and click a word in the sentence
One paragraph Triple click anywhere inside the paragraph

(b) Word 2016 has an inbuilt dictionary to check the spelling

of the text in a document. Various options available
to correct it are:
1. To correct the error, select an option and click on
change button.
2. To correct all occurrences of the error, select an option
and click on change all button.
3. To ignore the error once, click on Ignore button.
4. To ignore all occurrences of the error, click on ignore
all button.
5. Word may identify the correct word as incorrect
because it may not be present in its dictionary. You
can add the word to the dictionary by clicking the
add button in the spelling pane.
(c) Undo command is used to reverse the last action or
a series of recent actions. Redo command is used to
cancel the actions reversed by the undo command.
(d) Copying text creates a duplicate copy of the selected text
without affecting the original text. While moving text
removes the selected text from its original location.
(e) Text to Select Mouse action
A line of text Click in the Selection bar to the left of the line
A paragraph Double click in the Selection bar to the left of
the paragraph
Multiple lines Click and drag in the Selection bar
Entire document Triple click in the Selection bar
14 All About Computers - 4
 (f) Making changes to the text in a document is called
editing of text. It involves adding text, deleting text,
copying and moving text, and checking spelling and
grammatical mistakes in the text.
Think and answer
Thesaurus

9. Formatting Text in Word

1. (a) (b)

(c) (d) Minibar (e)

2. (a)
highlighted (b) bulleted
(c)
center (d) Ctrl + B (e) Font
3. (a)
T (b) T c) T d) F (e) F
4. (a)
Formatting refers to change in the appearance and ar-
rangement of text in a document. It makes the text
in a document impressive and legible.
Changing appearance of text involves changing the proper-
ties of characters – typeface, size, colour, style, or case.
Changing arrangement of text involves alignment of text,
enclosing it within borders or applying shading on it.
(b) 1. Sentence case : It changes the first letter of each
sentence to uppercase and all
other letters to lowercase.
2. lowercase : It changes the case of selected
text to lowercase.
3. UPPERCASE : It changes the of selected text to
uppercase.
4. Capitalize Each Word : It changes the first letter
of every word in the selected text
to uppercase.
5. tOGGLE cASE : It changes the uppercase letters
to lowercase and vice versa.
(c) To create a number list in a document :-
• Place the cursor where you want to start the list.
• On the home tab, in the paragraph group, click the
down arrow next to numbering option for a numbered
list.
All About Computers - 4 15
 A list of different number styles appears.
• Click the desired style.
Word insert a number to start the list.
• Type an item in the list and press enter key to add
the next item.
• To end the list, press enter twice after the last item.
(d) To apply border effect to text:
• Select the text to apply border.
• On the home tab, in the paragraph group, click the
down arrow next to border button.
A list of options appears.
• Click borders and shading.
The border and shading dialog box appears.
• Click the border tab.
• Select the type of border from the setting option.
• Select the style for the border from the style list.
• Select the colour for the border from the Color list
box.
• Select the thickness for the border from the Width
list box.
The Preview box displays how the border will appear
in the document.
• Click OK to apply the selected border.
(e) Alignment is the manner in which text is placed be-
tween the left and right margins of a page. Various
alignments available are in word are :-
• Align left – It aligns the text with the left margin.
• Center – It aligns the text in the center of left and
right margins.
• Align right – It aligns the text with the right margin.
• Justify – It aligns the text with both the left and
right margins.
Think and answer
(a) Numbered List
(b) Font, font size, font colour & font style.

16 All About Computers - 4

 10. Introduction to PowerPoint 2016
1. (a) Normal view b) .pptx
(c) Reading view (d)
Esc (e) Start screen
2. (a) Slide sorter (b) Status bar
(c) placeholders (d) presentation (e) F5
3. (a) F (b) F (c) F (d) F (e) T
4. (a) PowerPoint is a presentation software. It provides the
user various tools to build attractive presentations.
Some features of powerpoint 2016 are :-
powerpoint enables us to:
• Create visually attractive presentation with text,
pictures and diagrams.
• Edit contents of a slide easily.
• Apply various formatting to text in a slide.
• Apply themes to enhance appearance of slides.
• Add audio or video files to slides.
(b) Slide is a page in the presentation.
To add a new slide to presentation:-
1. Click the slide in the thumbnails pane after which
you want to add the new slide.
2. On the home tab, in the slides group, click the new
slide down arrow.
A list of slide layout appears.
3. Click the desired slide layout from the list.
A new slide with the selected layout is inserted after
the selected slide.
(c) Some views available in the Powerpoint 2016 are :-
1. Slide sorter view – The slide sorter view displays all
the slides of a presentation in form of thumbnails.
This view lets you rearrange slides, group them in
sections and apply backgrounds to slides.
2. Notes page view – The notes page view enables one
to create speaker notes that can contain elements
other than text and to add tables, diagrams or charts
to the notes.
All About Computers - 4 17
 3. Reading View – The Reading View previews the slide
show of the presentation without switching to full
screen mode. It helps the user to fine tune the slide
show and view all animation and transition effects.
(d) To apply a theme to the presentation:
• Click the Design tab on the ribbon.
The Themes group displays various themes.
• Move the mouse pointer over a theme.
A preview of the theme is displayed on the slide.
• Click a theme to apply it.
The selected theme gets applied to the presentation.
(e) A slide show displays a presentation in form of slides in
full screen. During a slide show, slides are displayed
on the screen in a sequence, one by one. To start a
slide show:
• On the Slide Show tab, in the Start Slide Show group,
click:
From Beginning: to start the slide show from the
first slide.
From Current Slide: to start the slide show from the
present slide.
PowerPoint switches to slide show mode and displays
the slide.
• Click anywhere in the slide to view the next slide
or click the Next navigation button.
• Click the previous navigation button to go back to
the previous slide.
• When the slide show ends, click anywhere on the
screen to exit slide show mode.
Think and answer
(a) Slide Sorter View

11. Internet

1. (a) (b) Search engine

(c) World wide web (d) an email address
18 All About Computers - 4
 2. (a)website (b) URL
(c) modem (d) hyperlink (e) search engine
3. (a)T (b) T (c) F (d) F (e) T
4. (a)An E-mail or electric mail is a message sent from one
computer to the another through Internet. It may
contain text, graphics, audio, video or other files as
attachments. An email is delivered instantly and elimi-
nates barriers of time and distance. To send or receive
an email over Internet, you need an email account.
(b) An Internet Service Provider is a company that pro-
vides an Internet connection to its customers. It also
provides hardware devices such as modem to connect
to the Internet.
5. (a) A network is a group of two or more interconnected com-
puters that enables you to share information stored in
them. We need it to share the information with other
users.
(b) The essential requirements to connect to the Internet
are:
• A computer
• An Internet Service Provider
• A modem
• A telephone line or cable connection
• A Web browser.
(c) Internet stands for International network. It is a world
wide network of computers that connects millions of
computers together. It is the global storehouse for in-
formation which enables a user to access information
and communicate with others.
Three uses of Internet are :-
• One can search information on any topic on the
Internet.
• One can communicate with others through email or
video conferencing on the Internet.
• One can play games, listen to music and watch videos
on the Internet.
(d) A search engine is a web based tool that enables you to
search for a particular information found in the World
All About Computers - 4 19
 Wide Web. A search engine maintains on index of web
pages on the basis of keywords and tags. Some popular
search engine are Google Search and yahoo search.
(e) (i) Internet service provider
(ii) Uniform Resource Locator
(iii) World Wide Web
Think and answer
(a) A computer, modem, Internet connection, web browser
and email address.
(b) Contact the Internet Service provider.

Assessment sheet – 1
1. (a) Transistor (b) Cloud storage
(c) Navigation pane (d) Renaming the tile (e) Scanner
2. (a) Charles Babbage (b) Inkjet printer
(c) TB (d) Live tiles (e) extension
3. (a) T (b) F (c) T (d) F (e) T
4. Quick Access toolbar Title bar

File tab
Ribbon
Address bar

Navigation Search box

buttons

Navigation pane

Contents pane

Status bar
File Explorer Window

5. (a) Desktop (b) Barcode

(c) Microprocessors (d) Projector (e) NAS
6. (a) Primary memory is in the form of memory chips that
are attached to the motherboard of the computer or
are built into it. It has limited capacity to store data.
20 All About Computers - 4
 It is directly accessible by the CPU. The CPU reads
the instructions stored in the primary memory contin-
uously, and executes them as and when required. We
need secondary memory because it allows us permanent
storage of large quantities of data.
(b) The fourth generation computers:
• have thousands of integrated circuits built onto a
single silicon chip.
• are more powerful and versatile.
• support high level programming languages.
(c)1. Monitor - monitor displays various programs running

on the computer.
2. Printer - Printer prints information displayed on a mon-
itor onto paper.
3. Speakers - Speakers are used to listen to audio output
form the computer.
(d) A screen saver is a program which displays moving
patterns or animated images on the screen after a
period of inactivity. It is required to prevent screen
from burning out due to same image being displayed
for a long time.
(e) To copy a file from one folder to another.
1. Open the location that contains the file you want to
copy.
2. Click the file you want to copy.
3. On the home tab, in the clipboard group, click copy.
Windows places a copy of the file in the clipboard.
4. Open the location where you want to copy the selected
file.
5. On the Home tab, in the clipboard group, click paste.
A copy of the original file appears in the new location.

Assessment sheet – 2
1. (a) PU (b) URL (c) Thesaurus
(d) Slide sorter View (e) 360/n
All About Computers - 4 21
2. (a) Hyperlink (b) numbered
(c) web browser (d) .pptx (e) F7
3. (a) T (b) F (c) T (d) T (e) F
4. (a) Home page b) Reading view
(c) paragraph group (d) Minibar (e) modem
5. (a) SETPENCOLOR 4
REPEAT 4 [REPEAT 4 [FD 100 RT 90] RT 90
HT
(b) REPEAT 2 [FD 50 RT 90 FD 50 RT 90]
PU
FD 10
RT 90
FD 10
LT 90
PD
REPEAT 2 [FD 30 RT 90 FD 80 RT 90]
HT
6. (a) The HD (HIDETURTLE) command hides the turtle while
PU (PENUP) command lifts the pen of the turtle up
from the Main screen.
(b) editing text refers to making changes to the text in
a document. It involves adding text, deleting text,
copying and moving text, and checking spelling and
grammatical mistakes in the text.
Formatting text refers to change in the appearance and
arrangement of text in a document. It involves size,
color, style or case and alignment of text borders,
shading, etc.
(c) The normal view allows you to create and design a pres-
entation. This view lets you work on the contents of
the individual slide. It allows you to navigate between
slides and to rearrange, add or delete slides from a
presentation.

22 All About Computers - 4

 The Slide Sorter view displays all the slides of a presentation
in form of thumbnails. This view lets you rearrange
slides, group them in sections and apply backgrounds
to slides.
7. (a) Selection bar is the space between the left edge of the
pane and the left text margin.
The ways to select various parts of text using the selection
bar are :-
1. A line of text - Click in the Selection bar to the left of
the line.
2. A paragraph - Double click in the selection bar to the
left of the paragraph.
3. Multiple lines - Click and drag in the selection bar.
4. Entire document - Triple click in the selection bar.
(b) Alignment is the manner in which text is placed between
the left and right margins of a page.
Various alignments available in word are :-
Align left – It aligns text with the left margin.
Center – It aligns text in the center of left and right mar-
gins.
Align right – It aligns text with the right margin.
Justify – It aligns text with both the left and right mar-
gins.
(c) A presentation is a systematic display of information on
a particular topic. It is made up of one or more pages
called Slides.
To apply theme to the presentation:
• Click the design tab on the ribbon.
The themes group displays various themes.
• Move the mouse pointer over a theme.
A preview of the theme is displayed on the slide.
Click a theme to apply it.
The selected theme gets applied to the presentation.

All About Computers - 4 23

 (d) the requirements for accessing a web page on the
Internet are :-
1. Computer 2. Internet connection
3. Web browser 4. Address of webpage
(e) A search engine is a web - based tool that enables you to
search for a particular information found in the world
wide web. A search engine maintains an index of web
pages on the basis of keywords and tags. Some popular
search engines are google search, yahoo search and bing.
To search for information for a topic, you need to enter
keywords or phrases in the search engine. The search
engine searches the required information and displays
the result in the form of images, text or hyperlinks.
Cyber bytes
1. RAM 2. 1 GB
3. Charles Babbage 4.
5. Lock the computer 6. PD
7. Red 8. Capitalize each word
9. Copy/cut 10. Hyperlink
11. 5/12 12. 16
13. 18 14. GNIXIF
15. 44 16. 25
17. Multiply by 1, then multiply by 2 then multiply by 3
and so on............
18.

19. POEAR

20.

24 All About Computers - 4