SONOS 7500-Using 3D and BiPlane Imaging

SONOS 7500/5500
Using 3-Dimensional and BiPlane Imaging

User’s Guide
Using 3-Dimensional and BiPlane

Imaging
Philips SONOS Systems

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Printing History
Edition Date Software Revision
Edition 1 April 1999 B.0
Edition 2 June 2000 B.1
Edition 3 January 2002 C.0
Edition 4 November 2002 D.0
iv
0 Preface
This guide describes the 3-Dimensional and BiPlane imaging procedures for the
Philips SONOS 7500 ultrasound imaging system.
Use this guide in conjunction with the following user’s guides:
• System Basics—Describes the basic operation of the Philips SONOS systems.
• Controls Reference—Provides a detailed description of all system controls.
• Safety and Standards Guide—Provides information on safety issues.
• Measurements and Calculations Reference—Provides information on
measurements and calculations that you can perform on your ultrasound system.
• Transducer Reference—Provides information on the operation, care, and cleaning
of transducers.
Additionally, several specialty guides and multimedia products describe SONOS

imaging applications and optional packages:
• Using Integrated Digital Interface (IDI)
• Using Stress Echocardiography
• Using Acoustic Quantification
• Using Acoustic Densitometry
• Using Contrast Imaging
• LVO and Contrast CK: A Practical Approach (a video guide to SONOS contrast
echocardiography detection techniques)
• Stress Audio CD (a spoken guide to performing SONOS stress echocardiography
studies)
vi
Conventions Used in This Guide
The following conventions are used in this guide:
• Touch control and rotary control names appear in bold text. For example, Acquire
Loop.
• The names of the function keys on the system keyboard appear in a box. For
example, Enter .
vii
viii
Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Conventions Used in This Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
Chapter 1 Introduction
3-Dimensional and BiPlane Imaging Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

Introducing the x4 Matrix Array Transducer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
x4 Matrix Transducer Autocool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Introducing Live 3D Echo Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
3D Zoom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Introducing Full Volume Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Introducing BiPlane Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
BiPlane Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Shutting Down the System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Chapter 2 Live 3D Echo Imaging
Live 3D Imaging at a Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Live 3D Echo Imaging Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Live 3D Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Live 3D Control Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Understanding Line Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Setting the Line Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Using Live 3D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Creating a Live 3D Preset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Acquiring a Live 3D Image. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
Storing Live 3D Images to Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
Using 3D Zoom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Contents-vii
Contents
Full Volume Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14

Full Volume Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Acquiring a Triggered Full Volume Image. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
Acquiring a Nontriggered Full Volume Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-20
Cropping Controls at a Glance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22
Using the Cropping Controls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-23
Cropping an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-25
Viewing Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-27
Chapter 3 Live BiPlane Imaging
Live BiPlane Imaging at a Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Live BiPlane Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
BiPlane Color Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
BiPlane Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Acquiring a BiPlane Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Chapter 4 Managing Images
Managing Live 3D Echo Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

Subpages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
3D Hard Disk Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
3D Hard Disk Retrieval. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Storing Live 3D Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Storing Images on the 3D Hard Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Storing Images onto a CD-R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Storing Images as AVI Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
Retrieving Live 3D Images from the 3D Hard Disk . . . . . . . . . 4-10
Deleting Live 3D Files from the 3D Hard Drive . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14
Managing BiPlane Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
Contents-viii
Contents
Chapter 5 Gated, Seqential 3D Imaging
Gated, Sequential 3D at a Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

Gated Sequential 3D Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Setup Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Optical Disk Setup Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
Preset Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
3D Protocols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
Setting Up for a Gated Sequential 3D Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
Conducting a Gated Sequential 3D Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
Using Review Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18
Retrieving a Gated Sequential 3D Study from Disk . . . . . . . . . . 5-20
3D Imaging Tips and Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22
Contents-ix
Contents
Contents-x
Chapter 1 Introduction
INTRODUCTION
3-Dimensional and BiPlane Imaging Overview
This guide includes information on 3-Dimensional (3D) and BiPlane imaging. Live
3D imaging is the real-time acquisition and rendering of ultrasound data. Full
Volume and 3D Zoom further enhance your ability to manipulate and optimize
image quality. BiPlane imaging allows the display of two views simultaneously. You
can use previously existing controls as they are used during 2D imaging.
The acoustic data for the imaging methods described in this guide is obtained using
the x4 Matrix array transducer.
Introducing the x4 Matrix Array Transducer

The x4 Matrix array transducer technology enables Live 3D and BiPlane imaging by
allowing the ultrasound beam to be steered in both the lateral direction (left or right
like a sector transducer) and the elevation direction (front to back). This allows rapid
acquisition of BiPlane or volume data without moving the transducer. The x4
transducer is optimized for the high frame rates typically used in cardiac ultrasound.
The following illustration shows the three axes in which the x4 transducer sends and
receives acoustic data.
x4 x4 x4
Lateral Depth Elevation
1-1
Introduction
The matrix transducer has several coefficient tables for transmit and receive
parameters. These coefficient tables use large amounts of memory and must be
calculated when:
• The system is powered up and the x4 transducer is activated

• Each time the density changes
• When the transducer type changes
The following dialog box is displayed whenever the calculation is necessary,

showing the progress of the calculation.
Preparing Scanner.
Postpone
If you press Postpone, the calculation of coefficients is canceled, but is calculated

later when modes requiring those coefficients are used.
For more information about x4 transducer technology, see the Reference Manual,
Transducer Reference.
x4 Matrix Transducer Autocool

If the x4 Matrix transducer reaches a computed temperature of 42° C (107.4° F)
during imaging, imaging continues, but the following message appears:
Autocool Warning
1-2
ahb C:\WINNT\Profiles\dapowell\Desktop\D.0
Introduction
If the x4 Matrix transducer reaches a computed temperature of 42.5° C (108.5° F)

during imaging, imaging stops and the following message appears.
Autocool Active
When the x4 Matrix transducer temperature drops below 40.5° C (104.9° F), the
system resumes imaging.
At temperatures above 47.7° C, if autocool detection fails, or if the transducer

connector is not seated properly, the following message appears.
Reconnect the Transducer, then

press Reset. If problem
persists, contact your Philips
service representative.
1-3
Introduction
Introducing Live 3D Echo Imaging
Introducing Live 3D Echo Imaging

Live 3D Echo is an integrated feature that acquires and renders 3-dimensional
acoustic data in real time. Because a Live 3D image is a volume of data, more
information is obtained than in a typical 2D image.You can rotate the volume by
using the trackball and enhance the image with the traditional 2D controls as well as
the new 3D controls. Harmonic imaging is also available.
3D Zoom
The 3D Zoom Preview and 3D Zoom modes operate similarly to 2D zoom modes.
You can use 3D Zoom to view a smaller volume of interest in greater detail. The
preview box moves in the lateral and depth dimensions. You can change the size of
the zoom box in the depth dimension. The elevation and lateral dimensions are fixed
and cannot be changed.
In Zoom mode, two reference images are available to maintain orientation and
perspective:
• The left reference image is the lateral plane and is fixed in elevation. This
displays the transducer’s current imaging plane.
• The right image displays the elevation plane and is fixed in the lateral
dimension.
NOTE The Reference Image data is not calibrated. Do not make measurements from the
Reference Images.
For more information, see Chapter 2, “Live 3D Echo Imaging.”
1-4
Introduction
Introducing Full Volume Acquisition
Introducing Full Volume Acquisition

Full Volume is a mode in which four subvolumes are compiled to create a larger
volume of 3-dimensional information. Because the Full Volume image has a larger
volume than a Live 3D image, it contains more information.
The system uses either ECG triggering or no triggering for the Full Volume
acquisition cycle. Triggered acquisition is used for non-static anatomy. In triggering
mode, the system gathers four different subvolumes and combines them into one
volume. Nontriggered acquisition is used to acquire images of static objects and one
frame per subvolume is acquired.
NOTE Any acquisition mode that is not real-time has the potential for temporal artifacts.
Due to the triggered nature of a Full Volume acquisition, temporal artifacts might
occur on fast moving structures.
For more information, see Chapter 2, “Live 3D Echo Imaging.”
1-5
Introduction
Introducing BiPlane Imaging
Introducing BiPlane Imaging

BiPlane imaging allows for simultaneous side-by-side viewing of two separate live
2D images and takes advantage of the 2-dimensional array in the x4 Matrix
transducer. This allows you to see cardiac function from two, simultaneous live
image planes.
The default view is two images perpendicular to each other. The left image is the
lateral plane and displays the current 2D transducer image plane (conventional
orientation). The left image is fixed and cannot be adjusted for rotation or tilt. The
right image is the elevation plane and is initially perpendicular to the left image. You
can rotate and tilt the right image in reference to the left image.
BiPlane mode also supports Zoom, which allows for detailed investigation of
anatomy. For more information on Zoom mode, see Chapter 2, “Live 3D Echo
Imaging.”
BiPlane Color
Color flow imaging is supported in BiPlane mode. BiPlane color flow imaging
appears in the color box on each of the two images. The behavior of the color box on
the left image is the same as Color mode in 2D. You use the Size and Position
function keys to resize or reposition the color box on the image with the trackball.
The box on the right image tracks the left color box vertically, but does not move left
or right because the color boxes together define a contiguous color volume.
For more information see Chapter 3, “Live BiPlane Imaging.”
1-6
Introduction
Shutting Down the System

When you turn off the SONOS system, there is a short delay while the 3D PC shuts
down. After the 3D PC shuts down, the system shuts down.
If you disconnect the power cord before the system shutdown is complete, the PC
CAUTION
may not shut down properly.
To shut down the system:
• Turn the main power switch off and leave it off for more than three
seconds.
The following message appears:
PLEASE WAIT WHILE THE SYSTEM SHUTS DOWN
After approximately 25 seconds, the 3D PC shuts down. Approximately 5

seconds later, the SONOS system completes shutdown, but standby power
remains on.
NOTE If you turn the main power switch back on within three seconds after turning it
off, the shutdown stops. The system and 3D PC remain on.
NOTE While the SONOS system displays the shutdown message, it ignores further
changes to the main power switch and shutdown completes. If you set the power
switch to on while the shutdown message is displayed, both the system and PC
power up immediately after shutdown completes.
For detailed information about system power, see the Reference Manual, System
Basics and Safety and Standards.
1-7
Introduction
1-8
Chapter 2 Live 3D Echo Imaging
INTRODUCTION
Live 3D Imaging at a Glance
Density Icon
Acoustic output index
Transducer
name
Mode
Depth selection
2-1
Live 3D Echo Imaging
Live 3D Echo Imaging Overview
Live 3D Echo Imaging Overview

Live 3D Echo imaging enables the capture of 3D images and volume rendering on
the SONOS system. Using the x4 matrix transducer, Live 3D Echo images are
acquired and displayed. After acquiring the images, you can optimize the image and
manipulate them to view the anatomy of interest. You can then store the acquired
images to the 3D hard disk.
Live 3D Echo imaging display modes include:
• Live 3D
• 3D Zoom
• Full Volume
Live 3D Controls
To activate Live 3D imaging:
• Touch Live 3D on the right touch panel.
The Live 3D primary touch controls appear.
2D
Secondary Live Full

Controls 3D BiPlane Zoom Volume
3D
Home
Harmonic U/D
Fusion Invert
Frequency 3D Vision XRES Magnify

Fusion 1 Focus A 100
Off
2-2
Live 3D Controls
To display additional 3D controls:
• Touch Secondary Controls on the right touch panel.

The 3D secondary controls appear:
2D
Secondary Reference High

Controls Images Density
3D
Home
Reset
Cropping AutoCrop Colorize Shading
Brightness
50
Crop Adj Smoothing Power
Off 5 0.0 dB
The following table describes the Live 3D touch controls.

=
Control Name Description
3D Home Sets the volume viewing angle to Home—the original transducer

orientation.
3D Low Density 3D Low Density displays the largest possible volume using the
(Not shown) lowest screen resolution. High Density is off.
To access the 3D Low Density control in 3D Zoom or Full Volume
Preview mode, press Setup and touch 3D Low Density on the
right touch panel.
3D Vision For the rendered image, controls predefined combinations of the

contrast, transparency, lighting, and compositing algorithms.
Auto Crop Suppresses 50% of the acquired image from the front plane.
Brightness Adjusts the overall brightness of the rendered image.
Colorize Optimizes contrast resolution by activating a

colorization map that overlays the grayscale
image.
2-3
Live 3D Controls
Crop Adj Turns on the cropping controls.
High Density Turns High Density on or off, which sets the size of the volume to
be displayed by adjusting the line density.
Focus Repositions the acoustic depth of the focal zone, which is indicated
by carets.
Frequency Fusion Optimizes frequencies for penetration, texture, or resolution.
Live 3D Activates Live 3D mode.
Magnify Adjusts the size of the rendered image by percentage of the default
display size.
Power Selects the impulse power.
Reference Images Displays a pair of fixed 2D reference images derived from the
center of the volume. The left image orientation is the same as the
conventional 2D imaging plane. The right image shows the image
on a plane that is orthogonal to the left image and the transducer
face.
Reset Cropping Redisplays the original uncropped volume and turns off the
cropping controls.
Rotate Volume When on, allows you to use the trackball for volume rotation in
Display mode. When off, allows you to scroll through image.
Shading Adjusts the shading recipe applied to the rendered image to

improve the depth perception.
Smoothing Averages pixels to adjust the smoothing or filtering recipe that is

applied to the rendered image.
U/D Invert Controls the up-down orientation of the 3D rendered image. When
ON (inverted orientation) 3D Home maintains the inverted
orientation. The volume is rotated 180° around the elevation axis.
XRES Enhances the diagnostic features by reducing artifacts, improving

the visibility of tissue texture patterns, and bringing margins and
borders into greater definition.
Zoom Magnifies an area of interest within the zoom volume.
2-4
Live 3D Controls
Understanding Line Density

The size of the image is related to its resolution on the screen. The smaller the image
size, the greater the resolution of the image. The line density setting (high on or off,
low) determines the volume of the image displayed. The higher the density, the
smaller the image volume.
The density settings available for each mode are as follows:
Imaging Mode Density Setting Default
Live 3D Echo High on/off High on
3D Zoom High on/off or low High off
Full Volume High on/off or low High off
Setting the density in Live 3D does not change the density setting in 3D Zoom or
Full Volume. Whatever density you choose for 3D Zoom is also set for Full Volume
and vice versa.
The following table shows the meaning of the density icons that appear on the
SONOS screen.
Icon Description
When High Density is on, a smaller volume size with higher

resolution is displayed. This is the default density setting when
the High Density touch control is highlighted.
When High Density is off, a larger volume size with lower

resolution is displayed. This Density is in effect when the High
Density touch control is not highlighted.
When High Density is off and Low Density is on, the largest
volume available and the lowest resolution is displayed.
2-5
Live 3D Controls
Setting the Line Density

The matrix transducer has several coefficient tables for transmit and receive
parameters. These coefficient tables use large amounts of memory and must be
calculated when you change the line density setting.
To change the density from high in Live 3D:
• Touch High Density on the right touch panel.
The following message appears while the system changes settings.
Preparing Scanner.
NOTE The preparing scanner message may not appear immediately, but will appear later
when you access a mode that requires the scanner to prepare.
To set low density for Full Volume mode:
1 In Full Volume Preview mode, press Setup .
2 Touch 3D Low Density on the right touch panel.
The Preparing Scanner message appears while the system changes to low
density.
To set low density for 3D Zoom mode:
1 In 3D Zoom mode, press Setup .
2 Touch 3D Low Density on the right touch panel.
The Preparing Scanner message appears while the system changes to low
density.
2-6
Using Live 3D
Using Live 3D
Before you begin acquiring Live 3D images, you may want to create a preset to use
when acquiring. For details on creating and saving presets, see the Reference
Manual, System Basics. After you have created your preset, you can use it to acquire
Live 3D images.
Creating a Live 3D Preset

To optimize Live 3D, Philips recommends that you create a preset with the
following settings:
• Disk Autostore off
• Auto Comment off
• Comment Options set to Manual Entry

To create a Live 3D Echo preset:
1 Select Adult, Cardiac.
2 On the left touch panel, touch Loop and deselect Disk Autostore to turn it off.
3 Touch Disk and press Setup .
a. Touch Comment Options.
2-7
Using Live 3D
The Disk Storage Comment Option screen appears.
Disk Storage Comment Options
Storage Comment Type
Exam-Type List
System Generate
Manual Entry
Automatic Commenting
Comment Auto-Advance
View Exam Comments
Okay Cancel
b. Select Manual Entry for the Storage Comment type.

c. Deselect Automatic Commenting.
d. Select OK and press Enter .
4 Press Setup and touch Preset on the right touch panel.
5 Touch Save Preset.
The Save Preset screen appears.
Save Preset
Active Exam Type: Cardiac
Active Preset Type: Adult
Active Preset Name: 3D
Create New
Modify Current Cancel
6 Select Create New and press Enter .

7 In the screen that appears, type a name for the preset, select Okay, and then
press Enter .
2-8
Using Live 3D
Acquiring a Live 3D Image

Before you begin to acquire a Live 3D image, make sure the system is set to the
correct preset, and the x4 transducer is selected. For more information about setting
up the system, see the Reference Manual, System Basics.
NOTE Creating a 3D image requires many steps. Finding the best settings will take
experience in your imaging environment. Use the following procedure as a
guideline to help optimize image quality.
1 Obtain an optimal 2D image.

2 Touch Live 3D.
3 Use the trackball to rotate the image to the view you want.
4 Beginning with the defaults, use the 3D touch controls to optimize the image as
needed:
If you want to … Then …
adjust image grays adjust the Compression
improve the visualization of the tissue or adjust the adjust the Gain
3-dimensional appearance of the image
use predefined combinations of settings to obtain an choose a 3D Vision setting

optimal image
improve the depth perception turn Shading on or off
decrease or increase the overall brightness of the image adjust Brightness
increase or decrease the image size adjust Magnify
make the edges of the image appear smoother adjust Smoothing
enhance the diagnostic features of an image by adjust XRES

improving tissue texture patterns and defining margins
and borders
after adjustments, return to the original rotation touch 3D Home
use color to optimize contrast resolution touch Colorize

suppress portions of the image to view inner anatomy crop the image. For details,
see “Using the Cropping
Controls” on page 2-23.
2-9
Using Live 3D
5 To acquire an image, do one of the following:
• Touch Acquire Loop.

• Press Acquire .
• Press Freeze , touch Replay, and then press Acquire .
Storing Live 3D Images to Disk

To store an image to the 3D hard disk:
• Do one of the following:
If … Then …
no cropping was done Touch Disk Store on the left touch panel.
cropping was done Touch Create Subpage on the right touch panel.
Touch Disk Store on the left touch panel.
NOTE If Disk Autostore is on, the image is automatically stored to the 3D Hard Disk when
the acquire is accepted.
For more information about creating subpages, see “Subpages” on page 4-2. For more
information on storing images, see Chapter 4, “Managing Images.”
2-10
Using Live 3D
Using 3D Zoom
You can access 3D Zoom in two ways:
• In Live 3D mode, touch Zoom.
• In 2D zoom, touch Live 3D. When you access 3D Zoom this way, the zoom size
is locked and the 2D zoom image size may be larger than it would be in Live 3D.
After you obtain an optimal Live 3D image, use 3D Zoom as follows:
1 In Live 3D mode, touch Zoom.
You are now in Zoom Preview mode. The 3D Zoom box appears on the image
and the Zoom touch control outline is highlighted on the touch panel.
Zoom Box
2 Press Position and then use the trackball to move the zoom box to the region
of interest by moving image up and down or side to side.
2-11
Using Live 3D
3 To adjust the size of the volume of interest, press Size and resize the zoom
box from top to bottom. You cannot resize laterally.
4 Touch Zoom again or press Enter .
The volume of interest is magnified and reference images appear. The colored
lines represent the following:
• Red—lateral axis
• Green—elevation axis
• Blue—depth axis
The Reference Image data is not calibrated. Do not make measurements from the
CAUTION
Reference Images.
Blue
depth axis
Red
lateral axis
Green
elevation axis
Represents the transducer’s Represents 90° from the transducer’s

current 2D imaging plane current 2D imaging plane
2-12
Using Live 3D
5 Use the trackball to rotate the image to the anatomy of interest.
6 Touch Reference Images to remove them from the screen.
7 Crop the image as needed. For more information on cropping, see “Using the
Cropping Controls” on page 2-23.
8 Turn the Magnify touch control to adjust the magnification as needed.
9 To acquire an image, do one of the following:
• Touch Acquire Loop.

• Press Acquire .
• Press Freeze , touch Replay, and then press Acquire .
10 To capture a cropped image, touch Create Subpage.
11 To store the images to hard disk, touch Disk Store on the left touch panel.
information about storing images, see Chapter 4, “Managing Images.”
2-13
Full Volume Overview

Full Volume is an acquisition mode that captures acoustic data in subvolumes and
combines them to create a larger rendered volume.
There are two acquisition modes:
• ECG triggered
• Nontriggered
In the ECG triggered mode, a series of four subvolumes is acquired. The acquisition
is synchronized with the R-wave so that the subvolumes are time-aligned for the
final rendered Full Volume. Because of the short acquisition times, you can use a
breath hold technique with most patients for a comprehensive image with minimal
spatial or temporal artifacts.
You use the nontriggered mode to image static objects. In the nontriggered mode, a
single frame of each subvolume is acquired when you acquire an image.
Full Volume Preview shows fixed BiPlane images to allow for transducer and
volume positioning. After Full Volume acquisition is complete, the system
automatically enters Loop Display mode and displays the Full Volume image.
NOTE Any acquisition mode that is not real-time has the potential for temporal artifacts.
Due to the triggered nature of a Full Volume acquisition, temporal artifacts might
occur on quickly moving structures.
For cardiac applications, the acquisition is triggered on the ECG and the image
should be acquired while the patient suspends breathing. The system automatically
determines how many frames are needed to acquire the image from R-wave to
R-wave.
You can store a Full Volume loop as a single page or with subpages with different
image optimizations.
NOTE Because Full Volume images may contain artifacts, it is important identify Full
Volume images in the exam comments.
2-14
Full Volume Controls

To activate Full Volume imaging:
• Touch Full Volume on the right touch panel.
The Full Volume Preview mode is displayed and the Full Volume primary
controls appear on the right touch panel.
2D
Secondary Live BiPlane Full

Controls 3D Volume
Acquire
Harmonic
Fusion
Frequency Focus
Fusion 1
To access additional Full Volume controls:
The Full Volume secondary controls appear:
2D
Secondary Full ECG High

Controls Cycle Trigger Density
Colorize
Delay Power
0 0.0 db
2-15
The following table contains descriptions of the Full Volume controls.
Full Volume Turns Full Volume Preview mode on or off.
Acquire Starts full volume acquisition.

When you are in Full Volume Preview mode, the Acquire function key
and Acquire foot switch also behave the same as the touch control.
Delay Sets the amount of time between the R-wave trigger and the start of
each sub-volume acquisition. Delay is in 5 millisecond intervals.
ECG Trigger Selects whether to use ECG triggering (on) or nontriggered (off)
acquisition.
NOTE: If ECG Trigger is Off, then an ECG is not required for an
acquisition.
Full Cycle When Full Cycle is on, data is acquired over the entire R-R interval.
After acquisition of the subvolume is complete, preparation is made for
the next subvolume acquisition. This results in a non-consecutive beat
acquisition cycle.
When Full Cycle is off, data is acquired in consecutive R-wave
triggered beats.
Power Selects the impulse power.
Cancel Allows you to cancel a Full Volume acquire. The Cancel key appears
after you press the Acquire key.
2-16
Acquiring a Triggered Full Volume Image

Before acquiring, obtain an optimal 2D image with a stable ECG baseline and
prominent R-wave. Acquire the image while the patient is suspending respiration.
For details about triggered acquisition, see “Full Volume Overview” on page 2-14.
To acquire a triggered Full Volume image:
1 Touch Full Volume.
The Full Volume preview mode is activated. The blue dashed lines on the right
image show the edges of each subvolume in the Full Volume image. Due to the
triggered acquisition, a spatial artifact may appear where the subvolumes are
joined for the Full Volume display. Therefore, it is crucial to line up the anatomy
of interest between the dashed lines. For example, if you want to view the
papillary muscle, position the papillary muscle between the dashed lines.
2-17
Orientation Image Orthogonal Image

(transducer plane) (90° from transducer plane)
ECG Trace Subvolumes
2 Make sure ECG Trigger is selected on the right secondary touch panel.
• Touch Delay to select a time delay from trigger to acquisition start.
• Touch Full Cycle to select whether the acquisition duration is Full Cycle or
truncated to obtain consecutive beats.
3 Use the Live 3D controls to optimize the image.
4 While the patient suspends breathing, press Acquire .
2-18
An indicator shows the progress of the acquisition.
Acquiring 25%
To cancel the acquisition, touch Cancel on the right touch panel.
After the subvolumes are acquired, the Full Volume is displayed in cine
memory.
When you image fast-moving structures, such as valves, you may experience
CAUTION
temporal artifacts in the rendered image. If you see such an artifact, acquire the
same image in Zoom mode to determine if it is actually an artifact.
5 To suppress 50% of the acquired image from the front plane, touch Auto Crop.
6 To return to the original acquired image, touch Reset Cropping.
7 Rotate the volume with the trackball as needed.
8 Use the cropping controls to view the anatomy of interest. For more information
about cropping controls, see “Using the Cropping Controls” on page 2-23.
9 After you obtain the optimal cropped image, touch Create Subpage.
The cropped image is stored in cine memory.
10 To store the image to the 3D hard disk, touch Disk Store on the left touch panel.
information on storing images, see Chapter 4, “Managing Images.”
NOTE If you videotape an image, include the Full Volume Preview image. This can help
identify whether an apparent abnormality is an artifact.
2-19
Acquiring a Nontriggered Full Volume Image

For details about nontriggered acquisition, see “Full Volume Overview” on page 2-14.
To acquire a nontriggered Full Volume image:
1 Touch Full Volume.
The image appears in Full Volume preview mode. Make sure the part of the
image you want to acquire appears between the blue guide lines.
2 If ECG Trigger is selected on the right secondary touch panel, touch it to turn it
off.
3 Touch Secondary Controls to return the display to the primary controls on the
right touch panel.
4 Use the Live 3D controls to optimize the image.
5 While the patient suspends breathing, press Acquire .
An indicator shows the progress of the acquisition.
Acquiring 25%
To cancel the acquisition, touch Cancel on the right touch panel.
After the subvolumes are acquired, the Full Volume is displayed in cine
memory.
6 To suppress 50% of the acquired image from the front plane, touch Auto Crop.
7 To return to the original acquired image, touch Reset Cropping.
8 Use the cropping controls to view the anatomy of interest. For more information
on cropping controls, see “Using the Cropping Controls” on page 2-23.
2-20
9 After you obtain the optimal cropped image, touch Create Subpage.
The cropped image is stored in cine memory.
10 To store the image to the 3D hard disk, touch Disk Store on the left touch panel.
2-21
Cropping Controls at a Glance
Crop Box
Elevation
axis
(Green)
Lateral
axis
(Red)
Depth
axis
(Blue)
2-22
Using the Cropping Controls

The cropping controls allow you to suppress the surface of an image to better
visualize structures of interest. You can crop a live image or an acquired image in
loop display.
The active cropping plane is purple. You can move the active plane along three
sliders representing the planes of the image:
• Red—lateral axis
• Green—elevation axis
• Blue—depth axis
The cropping lines correspond to the three axes in which the x4 transducer transmits
and receives acoustic data as shown in the following illustration. For more details
about the x4 transducer, see “Introducing the x4 Matrix Array Transducer” on page 1-1.
x4
Lateral axis
Elevation axis
Depth axis
2-23
To access the cropping controls:
• Turn Crop Adj to On on the right touch panel.

The following illustration shows the cropping controls that appear.
2D
Secondary Reference High

Controls Images Density
3D
Home
Reset Auto
Cropping Crop Colorize Shading
Red Green Blue
Min Min Min
Crop Adj Red Green Blue
On Max Max Max
The following table contains descriptions of the cropping controls.
Auto Crop Suppresses 50% of the acquired image from the front plane.
Crop Adj Turns on the cropping controls.
Reset Cropping Redisplays the original uncropped volume and turns off the
cropping controls.
Red Min, Red Max From the original acquisition, adjusts cropping along the lateral axis
of the rendered image.
Green Min, Green From the original acquisition, adjusts cropping along the elevation
Max axis of the rendered image.
Blue Min, Blue From the original acquisition, adjusts cropping along the depth axis
Max of the rendered image. (That is, increasing depths away from the
probe’s face.)
2-24
Cropping an Image
You use the Min and Max rotaries to position the cropping lines.
1 Turn Crop Adj to On.
The cropping box appears.
Blue Min
Green Min Red Max

Green Max
Red Min
Blue Max
2 Choose the axis along which you want to crop.
The purple line represents the active cropping plane.
3 Rotate the appropriate Min or Max rotary controls to select the area to crop.
4 Use the trackball to rotate the image to the anatomy of interest.
2-25
5 Touch Create Subpage to store the cropped image to cine memory.
NOTE Anytime you create a subpage, the cropping settings are stored as part of the
subpage.
6 Touch Disk Store to save the image to the 3D hard disk.
7 Touch Reset Cropping to return to the original image.
2-26
Viewing Images
Viewing Images
In the Loop Display mode, you can manipulate or edit one or more pages of
acquired images. The following illustration shows the touch panels in Live 3D Loop
Display mode.
Tools Preset Probe Disk Loop 2D Loop

Display
Reference
Image Physio Annotate Analysis VCR
Images
Show Bookmark Display 3D Rotate Delete
Bookmarks Loop Home Volume Subpage
Disk Disk AVI Reset Auto Store
Retrieve Store Store Cropping Crop Colorize Subpage
Delete Brightness Subpage
Page 50 Sepia 1/1
Manual Edit Edit Page Crop Adj Smoothing 3D Vision XRES Magnify
Entry Start End 1/5 Off 3 A Low 100
All 3D loops are stored on the 3D hard disk. The quick review controls are identical
to 2D controls with the exception of the additional unique rendering controls and the
Rotate Volume button for trackball arbitration.
The Rotate Volume key is used to switch the trackball between controlling the
volume rotation and cine review functions. The Live 3D review icons and behavior
is the same as for the non-Live 3D images except there is no ECG present.
2-27
Viewing Images
The Review icon is shown in the following illustration.
Loop Length
Start End
Image Position
NOTE If you record Live 3D images on videotape, they appear larger when played back on
a review station than they do on the SONOS system.
2-28
Chapter 3 Live BiPlane Imaging
INTRODUCTION
Live BiPlane Imaging at a Glance
Transducer Rotation Icon
Tilt
indicators
3-1
Live BiPlane Imaging
Live BiPlane Overview

BiPlane imaging mode uses xMatrix transducer technology to display two
simultaneous live images. The default images are orthogonal, with the right image
being at 90° to the transducer angle.
NOTE When in BiPlane PLAX view, at the level of AOV, use Right Invert to make the
right-side image an ASE recommended view.
You can save BiPlane images to the 2D hard disk, a magneto optical disk (MOD), or
transfer the images over a network. For more information on storing BiPlane
images, see “Managing BiPlane Images” on page 4-17.
Harmonics is available in BiPlane mode.
BiPlane Color Overview

BiPlane Color mode is an extension of BiPlane mode. In BiPlane Color mode, color
flow imaging appears in the color box on each of the two images. The color box on
the left image behaves the same as it would in 2D Color mode. You use the Size and
Position keys to resize or reposition the color box on the image using the trackball.
The box on the right image tracks the left color box vertically, but does not move left
or right because the two color boxes together define a contiguous color volume.
3-2
The following illustration shows an example BiPlane Color image.
Color Boxes
3-3
BiPlane Controls
BiPlane Controls
To access BiPlane imaging:
• Touch BiPlane on the right touch panel.
The BiPlane primary controls appear on the right touch panel.
Color
2D
Secondary Live Full

Controls 3D BiPlane Zoom Volume
Harmonic Right
Fusion Invert
Frequency Postproc Rotate Magnify

Fusion 3 Focus D 90 1.0
To access additional BiPlane controls:
The BiPlane secondary controls appear:
2D Color
Secondary
Controls
LGC
U/D Sweep
Colorize Invert 50
Persist Power
0 0.0 dB
3-4
BiPlane Controls
The following table contains descriptions of the BiPlane controls.
Right Invert Controls L/R Invert for the right image and automatically changes
Rotate rotary control by 180 degrees.
Rotate Rotates the viewing angle of the BiPlane image on the right of the
screen. The rotation icon follows the rotation angle. Rotate
automatically changes tilt to 90 degrees.
Tilt (using Sweeps the elevation plane of the right image across the lateral plane
trackball) that provides the left image. The default tilt angle is zero and the
planes are perpendicular.
3-5
Acquiring a BiPlane Image

You can manipulate BiPlane images by rotating, tilting, and using the BiPlane
controls. You cannot tilt and rotate a BiPlane image at the same time and you cannot
tilt in BiPlane Zoom.
Before you begin using the BiPlane mode, obtain an optimized 2D image.
1 Touch BiPlane on the right touch panel.
The BiPlane screen appears. The blue triangle and diamond on the left image
represent the tilt indicator.
Tilt Indicator
2 Use the trackball to place the tilt indicator along the anatomy of interest. When
the trackball motion stops, the tilt angle changes to the desired position.
The tilt indicator on the left image shows the orientation of the right image. The
right image is 90° to the left image.
3-6
3 Touch Right Invert on the right touch panel to invert the right image left to
right.
NOTE You cannot tilt and rotate a BiPlane image at the same time.
4 Rotate the image if needed by turning the Rotate rotary control in 5° increments.
The rotation icon shows the angle of rotation.
• The icon indicates the rotation
• The numeric display shows the actual rotation in degrees, rounded to the
nearest degree
Represents the difference in degrees

the right image is from the left image
orientation
Represents left, stationary image
310 Shows the degrees of rotation
5 Touch Zoom to magnify the image.
The region of interest appears.
6 Position at the anatomy of interest and touch Zoom again.
NOTE You cannot tilt in Zoom mode.
7 If you want to use Color, touch Color.
When you tilt the color image, the tilt follows the color box.
8 Press Acquire .
9 Do one of the following:
• Press Enter to accept the image.

• Press Acquire again to delete the image.
3-7
10 Store the image to an MOD or to the SONOS hard disk.
For detailed information on storing images, see Chapter 4, “Managing Images.”
3-8
Chapter 4 Managing Images
INTRODUCTION
Managing Live 3D Echo Images
The location to which you store and export images on the SONOS system depends
on the image type and SONOS model number. The following tables summarize the
storage and export locations.
Table 4-1 SONOS 7500 Storage and Export Options
IDI CD-R
Image Type MOD 3D Hard Disk
(for export) (for export)
2D yes no yes no
Live 3D Echo no yes no yes
Gated Sequential 3D yes no no no
Table 4-2 SONOS 5500 Storage and Export Options
IDI CD-R
Image Type MOD 3D Hard Disk
(for export) (for export)
2D yes N/A yes N/A
Live 3D Echo N/A N/A N/A N/A
Gated Sequential 3D yes N/A no N/A
SONOS 7500 systems have an external hard disk called the 3D hard disk. All Live
3D images are stored as either SONOS files or AVI files. You can review SONOS
files, identified by the 3D icon, on the system. Although you cannot review AVI on
the SONOS system, they are useful if you want to review images on a computer.
When the SONOS system is storing or retrieving, no other functions can be

performed on the system. You may cancel the saving or retrieving operation. When
the system is writing files to the CD-R, you can cancel the process, but all CD-R
data is lost and the CD-R cannot be reused.
4-1
Managing Images
Subpages
Each 3D subpage displays one full-screen image. The maximum number of
subpages is limited only by the amount of memory reserved for loop storage on the
3D hard disk. You can store multiple versions of optimized 3D images on subpages.
For example, each 3D image may have subpages that use the same data set.
However, each subpage may have different rotation, cropping, lighting, smoothing,
magnification, shading, gain, compression, 3D vision, XRES, and colorization
settings applied to it.
When you store a Live 3D loop to disk, all subpages associated with that loop are
also stored.
To view the subpages, use the Subpage rotary control on the right touch panel.
4-2
Managing Images
3D Hard Disk Capacity

Before using storage and retrieval functions, the system checks the 3D hard disk
space. If the system is running low on available disk space, a message similar to the
following appears.
Select Okay and press Enter to acknowledge the message.
For information about deleting files, see “Deleting Live 3D Files from the 3D Hard
Drive” on page 4-14.
4-3
Managing Images
3D Hard Disk Retrieval

You access the 3D storage and retrieval features using the Disk Retrieve - Studies
and Disk Retrieve - Images dialog boxes. The following illustration shows the Disk
Retrieve - Studies dialog box:
r
Dialog box title
List of patient information

Accepts your selections
Displays individual images

stored in study
Closes the dialog box

and returns to the previous
process
Selects all of the displayed

studies
Deselects any selected

studies
Allows you to select more than

one study at a time
Available space on the 3D Hard Disk
When you use the List Contents button, the Disk Retrieve - Images screen appears
and the List Contents button changes to List Studies. Use the List Studies button to
return to the Disk Retrieve - Studies dialog box.
NOTE If you retrieve an entire study that is large, the “Loop Memory Full” message may
appear.
4-4
Managing Images
Storing Live 3D Images

Live 3D loops are stored on the 3D hard disk. The amount of data you can store is
limited only by the amount of 3D hard disk memory available. However, you should
not use the 3D hard disk for long-term storage. You should export and archive Live
3D images daily.
There is no back-up mechanism for restoring images that my be lost if a hard disk
CAUTION
failure occurs. Be sure to export Live 3D images daily.
You can store multiple versions of optimized 3D images on subpages. When you
create a subpage, the settings are stored in loop memory. When you store the loop to
disk, the original image and all associated subpages are stored.
You can manually label the images if the system is set to manual commenting in the
comment options under Disk Setup. Make sure auto commenting is off.
Storing Images on the 3D Hard Disk
To store Live 3D Echo images with optimization settings to the 3D hard disk:
1 After acquiring and optimizing a loop, touch Create Subpage on the right touch
panel.
The subpage is stored to loop memory. The page number in the Subpage rotary
increments by one.
2 To create additional subpages, repeat step 1.
3 To store your image to the 3D Hard Disk, press Disk Store.
The original image and the subpages you created are stored to the 3D hard disk.
Storing Images onto a CD-R
Always use high quality, brand name CD-R media. Handle the CD-R by the edges
only and store the CD-R in its case when not in use.
4-5
Managing Images
To store images onto a CD-ROM:
1 Touch Disk.
2 Touch Export to CD.
The CD Export - Studies dialog box appears:
3 To select the files to export, do one of the following:
export an entire study a. Select the study and press Enter .

b. Select Okay and press Enter .
choose individual images in a. Select the study and press Enter .

a study to export b. Select List Contents and press Enter .
c. Select the image or images to export, select
Okay, and then press Enter .
4-6
Managing Images
The following dialog box appears:
4 Insert a CD-R into the CD drive, select Begin, and then press Enter .
The CD Operation Progress dialog box, which displays the progress of the write
operation, appears.
4-7
Managing Images
If you press cancel during the write operation, the data is not stored on the CD and
CAUTION
the CD will be unusable.
The dialog box shows the progress of converting files, disc preparation, adding
data to the disc image, writing disc contents, and closing the disc.
When the writing operation is finished, the following dialog box appears:
NOTE If the amount of disc space required to export your files exceeds the capacity of the
CD-ROM, a dialog box appears prompting you to continue exporting to another
disk. Use Verify to verify the current CD contents or use Next Disk to export to an
additional disk.
5 To confirm the data was successfully written to the CD, select Verify and press
Enter .
4-8
Managing Images
When the files on the CD are verified, the following dialog box appears:
6 Select Okay and press Enter .
4-9
Managing Images
Storing Images as AVI Files
To store images as AVI files to the 3D hard disk:
• In Live 3D display mode, touch AVI Store.
The AVI Store touch control remains highlighted while the image is stored.
NOTE You can manually label the images if the system is set to manual commenting in the
Comments Options under Disk Setup. Make sure auto commenting is off.
Retrieving Live 3D Images from the 3D Hard Disk

To retrieve Live 3D images from the 3D hard disk:
1 In Live 3D mode, touch Loop.
2 Touch Disk Retrieve.
Target Disk Selection
Optical Disk
3D Hard Disk
CD-R Disk
Okay
3 Select 3D Hard Disk, select Okay, and then press Enter .
4-10
Managing Images
The list of stored studies appears in the Disk Retrieve - Studies dialog box.
The following table describes the icons that might appear in the Patient Name
column.
NOTE You can bookmark Live 3D files. If a 3D file is bookmarked, its symbol appears
with a yellow background. For more information on bookmarking loops, see the
Reference Manual, System Basics.
Symbol Definition
Live 3D file
Bookmarked Live 3D image
Live 3D image exported to CD-ROM
Live 3D image exported to CD-ROM and verified
3D study
4-11
Managing Images
Symbol Definition
Entire study exported to CD-ROM
Entire study exported to CD-ROM and verified
AVI file
AVI exported to CD-ROM
AVI exported to CD-ROM and verified
If automatic commenting is on, the following mnemonics for the 3D and

BiPlane modes might appear in the Comments column:
Mnemonic System Mode

3D Live 3D
3DZ 3D Zoom
3FV Full Volume
BP BiPlane
4 To view the individual images in a study, select the study folder, select List
Contents, and then press Enter .
4-12
Managing Images
The list of the images in the selected study appears:
NOTE Although AVI files appear in the list, you cannot retrieve them on the SONOS
system.
5 Select the files to retrieve, select Okay, and then press Enter .
4-13
Managing Images
Deleting Live 3D Files from the 3D Hard Drive

To delete stored Live 3D images:
NOTE You cannot delete files from a CD-ROM.
1 In Live 3D mode, on the left touch panel, touch Disk, and then Delete File.
Optical Disk
3D Hard Disk
Okay
2 Select 3D Hard Disk.
4-14
Managing Images
The Delete Files - Studies dialog box appears:
4 To select the files to delete, do one of the following:
delete an entire study a. Select the study and press Enter .

b. Select Okay and press Enter .
choose individual images in a. Select the study and press Enter .

a study to delete b. Select List Contents and press Enter .
c. Select the image or images to delete, select
Okay, and then press Enter .
4-15
Managing Images
The following message appears:
6 If you are sure you want to delete the files, select Yes and press Enter .
A dialog box appears showing the progress of the deletion.
The following dialog box appears when the file is deleted.
4-16
Managing Images
Managing BiPlane Images

You store and retrieve BiPlane images the same way you do 2D images. You can
store BiPlane images to a magneto optical disk (MOD) or the 2D hard disk.
For more information about storing and retrieving 2D images, see the Reference
Manual, System Basics. For more information about sending BiPlane images over a
network with IDI, see the Applications Manual, IDI User’s Guide.
To store a BiPlane image to MOD:
1 After acquiring an image, put a formatted optical disk in the drive and touch
Loop on the left touch panel.
2 Touch Disk Store on the left touch panel.
NOTE If you have Disk Autostore enabled, the image will be stored when accepted during
acquire.
Optical Disk
3D Hard Disk
CD-R Disk
Okay
3 Select Optical Disk, select Okay, and then press Enter .
A disk icon displays the progress of the saving operation. When the operation is
complete, the disk icon disappears.
For more information on retrieving stored images, see the Reference Manual,
System Basics.
4-17
Managing Images
4-18
Chapter 5 Gated, Sequential 3D Imaging
INTRODUCTION
Gated, Sequential 3D at a Glance
MI: 1.0
Acoustic output index
R5012
Transducer label
GAIN 50
COMP 70
16CM
Depth selection
ECG R-R (msec) Resp Amplitude

T ** **
i
m ** ** * * *
* * * * * * * *** * * * * *
ECG and Respiration e ****
graphs
200 1300 2400 Time
300e004
Tools Preset Probe Disk 3D 2D

Image Physio Annotate Analysis VCR Zoom
Learn Acquire
Select
Region U/D Sweep
Colorize Invert 50
Graphs Down Up Seek Focal Sepia Persist
Zones 0
ECG Min ECG Max Resp Min Resp Max Seek Ang Frequency Postproc
750 917 0 137 90 Fusion B
Focus
5-1
Gated, Sequential 3D Imaging
Gated Sequential 3D Controls
Not all systems have the 3D Acquire Starts and pauses the 3D acquisition.
option.
These controls are described Cancel Stops the 3D acquisition.
in more detail in the
Alphabetical Control Delay 1 Sets the delay from the R-wave to start the acquisition.
Summary. Only available in triggered protocols.
Do not turn the system off Delay 2 Sets the delay from the R-wave to stop the acquisition
or press Reset while storing
to disk. This could damage
for 4D timed protocols. Starts the acquisition of the sec-
all disk files. ond frame in 3D Dual Frame protocols. Only available
in triggered protocols.
Down Moves the OmniPlane TEE or Transthoracic

OmniPlane transducer sensor from any angle down to
zero degrees. Touch the Up or Down control to stop it.
ECG Min Adjusts minimum ECG R-to-R interval gating limit.

Only present when Graphs is on and ECG triggering is
selected.
End Acquire Ends an acquisition when Advance Manual is active.
Format CROPPED Selects a cropped quad format for acquiring images.

When active, use the Select Region control to deter-
mine the area of the image to be stored. This looping
format provides the highest quad format image resolu-
tion.
Format FULL Selects full-screen format for acquiring and displaying

looping images.
Format Selects a reduced quad format for acquiring images.

REDUCED This looping format lets you store the entire imaging
sector at a reduced resolution.
Format VSPLIT Selects vertical split format for acquiring images.
Frames Sets the number of frames for both Multiple Frames

and Non-triggered 4D acquisitions.
5-2
Graphs Turns the display of the respiration and ECG gating

graphs on and off.
Learn Calculates respiration and ECG gating limits.
Power Adjusts maximum transmit power in decibels (dB)

where 0.0dB = maximum power, -30.0dB = minimum
power. With 2D active, touch Secondary Controls and
touch Power to adjust this control.
Resp Max Adjusts the maximum respiration amplitude gating

limit when Graphs is on and Respiration Gate is
selected.
Resp Min Adjusts the minimum respiration amplitude gating limit
when Graphs is on and Respiration Gate is selected.
Seek Moves the transducer sensor from any angle to the

angle specified by the Seek Angle control.
Seek Angle Selects the angle in degrees to which the transducer

sensor will move. Press Seek to move the sensor to this
location.
Select Region Displays and removes outline markers that indicate the
area of the image that will be captured in a cropped
quad-loop format.
Up Moves the OmniPlane TEE or Transthoracic

OmniPlane transducer sensor from any angle up to 180
degrees. Touch the Up or Down control to stop it.
5-3
Setup Controls
Setup Controls
To retain changes, save them Advance Auto Automatically positions the rotatable array of the
to a preset. See the System OmniPlane TEE or Transthoracic OmniPlane during acqui-
Basics guide for details. sition.
Advance Automatically positions the OmniPlane TEE or

A/confirm Transthoracic OmniPlane transducer but waits for manual
confirmation before continuing with the acquisition.
Advance Man- Lets you control the transducer manually. The system will
ual acquire the data once you indicate that the transducer is in
place by choosing Okay in the dialog box and pressing
Enter.
An angle increment of 2-3 Increment Sets the angle increment used with automatic advancement
degrees is of OmniPlane TEE or Transthoracic OmniPlane transduc-
recommended. ers.
Learn Exhale Calculates respiration limits based on the exhale portion of

the respiration cycle. Only available with respiration gating.
Learn Inhale Calculates respiration limits based on the inhale portion of

the respiration cycle. Only available with respiration gating.
Resp. Gate Turns respiration gating on and off.
Review Off Turns off Review mode.
Review Rotate Displays a rotating loop containing slices of the acquisition

at every acquired transducer position upon completion of
the acquisition. For two degree increments, shows slices at
every 4th degree. Review Rotate is not available with
Advance Manual.
Review Sum- Displays six thumbnail images at evenly-spaced acquisition
mary angles and two composite images, upon completion of the
acquisition. If Advance Manual is chosen, up to 12 thumb-
nail images will be displayed.
5-4
Setup Controls
Optical Disk Setup Controls
To facilitate file Study Mode Selects a subdirectory storage format (study format) for
management, Study Mode is saving files to disk. Storing and retrieving files with
defaulted on.
Study Mode on facilitates file management. When
Study Mode is off, the system stores files into the root
directory (file format).
Preset Controls
Protocol Displays the Protocol menu which contains the 3D and

4D protocols.
5-5
3D Protocols
3D Protocols
Protocol Acquisition Type Description
3D Single Frame Acquires a single frame at Delay 1. The

acquisition is triggered and gated by ECG and
also respiration limits, if enabled.
Dual Frame Acquires two frames: one at Delay 1 and one

at Delay 2. The acquisition is triggered and
gated by ECG and respiration limits.
Non-triggered Acquires a single frame at each increment

without ECG gating. Respiration gating can
be used if it is enabled.
4D Average Heart Cycle Acquires frames throughout the heart cycle at

each increment. The acquisition is triggered
and gated by ECG and also respiration limits,
if enabled.
Multiple Frames Acquires multiple frames at each transducer

position. The acquisition is triggered and
gated by ECG and also respiration limits, if
enabled.
Timed Acquisition Acquires multiple frames at each transducer

position starting at Delay 1 and ending at
Delay 2. The acquisition is triggered and
gated by ECG and also respiration limits, if
enabled.
Non-triggered Acquires multiple, consecutive frames at each

transducer position without ECG gating. Res-
piration gating can be used if it is enabled.
5-6
Setting Up for a Gated Sequential 3D Acquisition
Setting Up for a Gated Sequential 3D

Acquisition
If you select your own 3D 1 Touch Preset, Cardiac Exam, and then touch either Adult, Pediat-
preset, you can start the ric, TEE, or a 3D preset that you created.
acquisition after you enter the
patient information.
Preset
Cardiac
Exam
Adult
Protocol
Be sure to check the available 2 Enter the patient information and insert a formatted, initialized disk in
disk space. the optical drive.
Patient
ID
Enter
3 Touch Protocol to display the Protocol menu.
5-7
Preset
Cardiac
Exam
Adult
Protocol
4 Use the trackball to move the arrow to the 3D or 4D protocol you are
using, and press Enter .
Acquisition Protocol Selection

CLR Standard
3D Single Frame
Dual Frame
Non-triggered
4D Average Heart Cycle
Multiple Frames
Time Acquisition
Non-triggered
Okay Cancel
After you select a 3D or 4D 5 Move the arrow to Okay, and press Enter .
protocol, the 3D control
replaces the Loop control on
the left touch panel.
If you are using a nasal
thermistor, plug it into the
Resp connector located
under the keyboard. Then set
Physio Resp to 2.
Enter
6 Insert the ECG cable connector into the receptacle under the
keyboard.
5-8
ECG
HEART
ECG AUX RESP PULSE SOUND
PATIENT CONNECTION
ELECTRICALLY ISOLATED
300e003a
5-9
7 Connect the pin connector to the ECG cable.
Left Arm
Right Arm
Left Leg
ECG leads also provide 8 Attach the electrodes and ECG leads to the patient as shown.
information for respiration, if
your system has this physio
and it is set to Resp Normal.
Proper ECG lead placement
is critical for receiving a Right Arm Left Leg
good ECG and respiration
signal.
Left Arm
5-10
Be sure to select the Review 9 Press Setup , and touch 3D to choose the Setup options. Select the
mode now. Review settings Resp. Gate, Advance, Increment, and Review settings for the acquisi-
can only be changed before tion.
the acquisition starts.
3D
Resp Learn Learn

Gate Exhale Inhale
Advance Increment Review

Auto 3 Summary
10 Touch Physio and select the input sources for the waveforms you want
to view. Select Off for those you don’t need.
Physio
ECG RESP Pulse Hrtsound

Normal Normal Aux 3 Normal
After exiting Setup, you can 11 Press Setup to return to live imaging.
save the settings by touching
the Save Preset control
(located in the lower left Setup
corner of the left touch

panel).
5-11
12 Touch Physio and adjust the ECG or Resp. Gain control to ensure a
strong signal.
Physio
ECG
ECG
Gain 17%
5-12
Conducting a Gated Sequential 3D Acquisition
This section describes the

1 Touch 3D.
steps for an Average Heart
Cycle acquisition. For setup
information, see “Setting Up
for a Gated Sequential 3D 3D
Acquisition” on page 5-7.
Learn Acquire
Select
Region
Graphs
Format CROPPED is active 2 Select the looping Format for your acquisition.
for Philips presets. Using
other looping formats
requires more disk space.
3D
If the Format control is not
visible, turn Graphs off and Learn Acquire
Select
select the looping format for Region
your acquisition.
Graphs
Format
CROPPED
5-13
Use the graphs during 3 Touch Graphs to display the ECG and respiration graphs.
acquisition to display the
patient’s ECG and
respiration.
ECG and respiration should
be stable during acquisition
to ensure good quality data
for 3D reconstruction and to
reduce acquisition time.
ECG R-R (msec) Resp Amplitude

T **
i **
** ** * * * * *
** * *
*
m
* *** ***
e
200 1300 2400 Time
4 Adjust the Depth setting so that the graphs do not interfere with view-
ing the anatomy.
Reset Test Setup

Gain Compress Depth
Patient
ID
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Tab Q W E R T Y U
Ctrl A S D F G H
Shift Z X C V B
5-14
The selected region should be 5 Use the trackball to position the region indicator.
centered on the anatomy of
interest and include anatomic
landmarks for reconstruction.
Adjust all imaging controls 6 Obtain an optimal image in which the area of interest is in the center
now. No imaging controls and maintains good image quality through 180 degrees.
should be changed during
acquisition.
For details, see “3D Imaging
Tips and Troubleshooting” on 3D
page 5-22. Learn Acquire
Select
Region
Graphs
Format
CROPPED
After Learn has finished

7 Touch Learn to establish ECG and respiration gating limits for the
setting the gating limits, use
the ECG and Resp Max and acquisition.
Min controls to adjust the
gating limits, if necessary.
Narrow gating limits increase
the quality of reconstruction 3D
and acquisition time. The use Learn Acquire
of narrow gatings for valves Select
and other small structures is Graphs Region
recommended.
ECG Min ECG Max Resp Min Resp Max
900 1100 30 138
5-15
Do not change imaging 8 Touch Acquire to begin the acquisition.

control settings during the
acquisition.
Total number of loops acquired
Touch Acquire a second time Total number of loops stored to disk
to pause the acquisition and Total number of loops to be acquired
again to resume the
acquisition.
Touching Cancel during 21/17/9
acquisition stops the
acquisition and deletes any
data that has not been
stored to disk.
ECG R-R Res Ampli-

T ** **
I ** ** * * *
** * * * ** *
** * *
*
M * *** * *
200 130 240 Tim
9 Touch Review to exit Review mode.

At the end of the study, the
system automat-ically enters
the Review mode selected in
Set-up, unless Review has 3D
been set to Off.
Review
5-16
10 To exit 3D and return to standard Loop mode, touch Preset, and touch
After you change presets, either Adult or Pediatric.
the Loop control replaces
the 3D control on the left
touch panel. Preset
Cardiac
Exam
Adult
Protocol
5-17
Using Review Mode
Using Review Mode
At the end of the study, the To use Review Summary, move the trackball to change the display speed.
system automatically enters You can also press Freeze and use the trackball to review the images
the Review mode selected in
frame-by-frame.
Setup, unless Review has
been set to off.
Review mode lets you 00 900 00 1800
identify problems in image
acquisition due to transducer
or patient movement.
300 1200
1500
600 150 0
The first and last images Fig. 1 shows an example where the first and last images line-up correctly at 0
acquired should line up, as if and 180 degrees. Fig. 2 shows an example where the images do not line up
they were a single image. and another acquisition should be considered.
Use this comparison mode to
determine if you need to do
another acquisition. Fig. 1 Fig. 2
00 1800 00 1800
5-18
Using Review Mode
To use Review Rotate, move the trackball control to change the display
speed. You can also press Freeze and use the trackball to review the images
frame-by-frame.
Review Rotate presents a
rotating composite at each
acquired increment. As the
composite images rotate, you
can identify problems in
image acquisition due to
transducer or patient
movement.
Review mode loops are
stored to optical disk and can
be identified by the
comment; either Summary or
Rotate.
Touch Review to exit Review mode.
3D
Review
5-19
Retrieving a Gated Sequential 3D Study from Disk
Retrieving a Gated Sequential 3D Study from

Disk
1 Touch Preset, and select Adult or Pediatric.
Preset
Cardiac
Exam
Adult
Protocol
2 Touch Disk and Disk Retrieve to see the file list.
Disk
Disk
Retrieve
For loops, be sure the active

Format is the same size or 3 To retrieve a file, select it with the trackball, and press Enter .
smaller than the loop you are
displaying. For example, for
split loops, Vsplit or Cropped
Format must be active. Highlight file or files to retrieve
Be sure to retrieve from the
Patient ID Comment Date Description
correct study.
Jones 4D,090/091,180 Jun 3, 98 CQUAD BW
Jones 4D,091/091,180 Jun 3, 98 CQUAD BW
Jones SUMMARY Jun 3, 98 FULL BW
Select multiple items Okay Cancel
List Contents Change Patient
5-20
Retrieving a Gated Sequential 3D Study from Disk
4 Move the arrow to Okay, and press Enter .
Enter
5 To return to real-time imaging, touch Loop Display.
Loop
Loop Display
Bookmark Display
Loop
Disk
Retrieve Acquire Delete
Frame Page
Edit Edit
Start End
5-21
3D Imaging Tips and Troubleshooting
Symptoms Suggestions
Motion artifacts Be sure that the transducer does not move during
appear in acquisition.
reconstruction
When using an OmniPlane TEE transducer, hold it at
the mouth and handle to minimize movement.
Make sure that the patient is comfortable and able to

remain still throughout the entire acquisition.
If the heart rate is decreasing and the patient is alert,

instruct the patient to make a fist or open his eyes to
increase the heart rate.
If the heart rate is increasing and the patient is alert,

instruct the patient to close his eyes and relax.
Gating limits may be too wide.

Adjust Monitor settings.
Breathing should be relaxed, slow, and even. The

patient should not talk, cough, etc., during acquisition.
Resolution of Use the highest frequency and Frequency Fusion

anatomy is poor or setting acceptable.
image is only
partially visible Make sure the target area can be viewed through 180
degrees.
Be sure the region of interest includes anatomic land-
marks for reconstruction.
Adjust Gain to improve signal strength.
5-22
Image is too soft, Make sure that the object of interest is positioned at the
hazy, or gray center of the sector which is the axis of rotation. This is
the area of highest resolution.
Set Gain settings a little higher than normal to prevent

loss of data during reconstruction.
Check the Persistence control. It should be set to 0.
Adjust Monitor settings.
Gating problems The placement of the leads is critical for ensuring

proper gating limits. See “Setting Up for a Gated
Sequential 3D Acquisition” on page 7.
The most important issue in 3D acquisitions is proper

ECG and respiratory gating. The R-R interval limits
should be less than or equal to 150 msec. The respira-
tory gating should be set to Learn Exhale, to exclude
images during the inhale phase.
Narrower gating limits will increase the acquisition

time, so a balance between reconstruction quality and
acquisition time must be achieved.
The Delay 1 value must be shorter than the current

R-to-R interval. If Delay 1 is longer than the R-to-R
interval, decrease the value of Delay 1.
For 3D Dual acquisitions, the Delay values must be set

apart enough to allow each frame to be acquired inde-
pendently.
Angle increments Two degree increments are ideal for greatest recon-
struction resolution. However, this increases the dura-
tion of the acquisition, allowing a greater potential for
artifacts.
Three degree increments present a reasonable compro-

mise between resolution and duration of acquisition.
5-23
Transducer issues Advance Auto and Advance A/Confirm can only be

used with an OmniPlane and Transthoracic OmniPlane
transducer. If one is not available, change to Advance
Manual in Setup.
Make sure the OmniPlane transducer is positioned cor-

rectly to allow remote controlling and for proper cali-
bration.
The control buttons on the OmniPlane transducer han-

dle will be disabled during an Advance Auto or
Advance A/Confirm acquisition.
Cannot retrieve You must select CLR Standard to retrieve disk images.
disk images while To select CLR Standard, touch Preset, Cardiac Exam,
in a 3D protocol Protocol, and select CLR Standard from the protocol
menu.
NOTE Philips is aware that inaccurate measurements on the SONOS 5500 images can
occur with third party 3-D reconstruction software.
Philips does not provide 3-D reconstruction software. The company providing
the 3-D reconstruction software has the sole responsibility of validating the mea-
surements that occur during reconstruction.
Philips suggests that you contact the company that supplied the reconstruction
software for additional information on the implementation and accuracy of the
reconstruction measurements.
5-24
Index
Numerics Autocool 1-2 Controls

Automatic comments 4-12 3D Home 2-3
3D hard disk Average Heart Cycle 5-6 3D Low density 2-3
capacity 4-3 AVI 3D Vision 2-3
overview 4-1 file storage 4-1 Acquire 2-16
retrieving images 4-10 storing images as 4-10 Auto Crop 2-3, 2-24
storing images 4-5 BiPlane, accessing 3-4
3D Home, definition 2-3 Blue Max 2-24
3D imaging 2-2
B Blue Min 2-24
3D Low Density, definition BiPlane Brightness 2-3
2-3 Cancel 2-16
acquiring 3-6
3D Vision, definition 2-3 color 3-2 Colorize 2-3
3D Zoom color, overview 1-6 Crop Adj 2-4, 2-24
overview 1-4 Delay 2-16
controls 3-4
using 2-11 overview 1-6, 3-2 ECG Trigger 2-16
3D, Live, overview 1-4 rotation icon 3-7 Focus 2-4
Frequency Fusion,
saving images 3-2
overview 2-4
A storing images 4-17
Full Cycle 2-16
views 1-6
Full Volume 2-16
About this manual 1-1 Blue Max, definition 2-24
Blue Min, definition 2-24 Green Max 2-24
Acquire, definition 2-16
Bookmarks 4-11 Green Min 2-24
Acquiring
High Density 2-4
BiPlane images 3-6 Brightness, definition 2-3
Live 3D 2-2, 2-3
Full Volume, not
Magnify 2-4
triggered 2-20
Full volume, triggered
C Power 2-4
Red Max 2-24
2-17 Cancel, definition 2-16 Red Min 2-24
Live 3D 2-9 CD-R, writing images to 4-5 Reference Images 2-4
Acquisition Coefficient calculations 1-1 Reset Cropping 2-4,
Conducting 5-13 Color, BiPlane, overview 3-2 2-24
Setting up 5-7 Colorize, definition 2-3 Right Invert 3-5
Acquisition modes Comments, automatic 4-12 Rotate 3-5
BiPlane 3-6
Rotate Volume 2-4
Full Volume 2-14
Shading 2-4
Acquistion modes
Smoothing 2-4
Live 3D 2-7
U/D Invert 2-4
Auto Crop, definition 2-3,
XRES 2-4
2-24
Zoom 2-4
Index-1
ssn February 11, 1999 C:\WINNT\Profiles\dapowell\Desktop\D.0 Books\Books for
Index
Conventions vi F I
Creating preset 2-7
Crop Adj, definition 2-4, File symbols 4-11 Icon
2-24 Files file 4-11
Cropping controls deleting 4-14 Review 2-28
overview 2-23 saving 4-5 rotation 3-7
using 2-25 Focus, definition 2-4 Tilt 3-6
Cropping planes 2-23 Frequency Fusion, definition Image resolution 2-5
2-4 Images
Full Cycle, definition 2-16 cropping 2-25
D Full Volume managing 4-1
Delay, definition 2-16 accessing controls 2-15 retrieving 4-10
Deleting files 4-14 acquiring 2-17 storing as AVI 4-10
Density, see Line density acquiring nontriggered storing BiPlane 4-17
Depth axis, cropping plane 2-20 storing Live 3D 2-10,
2-23 acquisition modes 2-14 4-5
Disconnect power 1-7 definition 2-16 storing on CD 4-5
Disk Retrieve screen 4-4 ECG triggered 2-14 viewing 2-27
Disk, retrieving gated nontriggered 2-14
overview 1-5, 2-14
sequential 3D study from L
5-20
Dual Frame 5-6 G Lateral axis, cropping plane
2-23
Green Max, definition 2-24 Line density
E Green Min, definition 2-24 changing 2-6
ECG Trigger, definition 2-16 icons 2-5
overview 2-5
ECG triggering, overview H List Contents 4-4
2-14
Elevation axis, cropping Hard disk, 3D 4-1
plane 2-23 Hard disk, 3D, capacity 4-3
Export options 4-1 High Density, definition 2-4
Index-2
Index
Live 3D P S
acquiring image 2-9
control descriptions 2-3 Planes, cropping 2-23 Safety information ii
controls 2-2 Power down 1-7 Saving images
creating preset 2-7 Power, definition 2-4 as AVI files 4-10
definition 1-1 Preface v BiPlane 3-2
imaging overview 2-2 Preparing scanner message Live 3D 4-5
managing images 4-1 1-1 to CD 4-5
overview 1-4 Preset, creating Live 3D 2-7 Setting line density 2-6
storing images 2-10, 4-5 Preview, Full Volume 2-14 Shading, definition 2-4
touch control 2-4 Protocols 5-6 Shutdown, system 1-7
Live 3D Zoom, using 2-11 Single Frame 5-6
Loop display 2-27 Smoothing, definition 2-4
R Storage capacity, 3D hard
disk 4-3
M Red Max, definition 2-24
Storage location options 4-1
Red Min, definition 2-24
Magnify, definition 2-4 Storing
Reference Images
Managing images 4-1 definition 2-4 BiPlane images 4-17
Manuals, related v overview 1-4 images on CD 4-5
Matrix transducer, see x4 images, Live 3D 4-5
Reset Cropping, definition
transducer 2-4, 2-24 Live 3D images 2-10
Multiple Frames 5-6 Resolution to AVI 4-10
Study,gated sequential 3D,
line density 2-5
settings 2-6 retrieving from disk 5-20
N Retrieving images 4-10 Subpages 4-2
Subvolumes 1-5
Non-triggered 5-6 Review icon 2-28
Review mode 5-18 Symbols, file 4-11
Nontriggered Full Volume Symbols, warning ii
acquiring 2-20 Right Invert, definition 3-5
System shutdown 1-7
overview 2-14 Rotate Volume, definition
2-4
Rotate, definition 3-5
Rotation icon, BiPlane 3-7
Index-3
ssn February 11, 1999 C:\WINNT\Profiles\dapowell\Desktop\D.0 Books\Books for
Index
T
Tilt indicators 3-6
Tilt, definition 3-5
Timed Acquisition 5-6
Tips 5-22
Triggered Full Volume
acquiring 2-17
overview 2-14
Troubleshooting 5-22
U
U/D Invert, definition 2-4
User’s Guides, related v
V
Viewing images 2-27
W
Warning symbols ii
Warranty ii
Writing images to CD-R 4-5
X
x4 transducer
autocool 1-2
overview 1-1
XRES, definition 2-4
Z
Zoom, 3D, overview 1-4
Zoom, definition 2-4
Index-4

SONOS 7500-Using 3D and BiPlane Imaging

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SONOS 7500-Using 3D and BiPlane Imaging

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SONOS 7500/5500

Using 3-Dimensional and BiPlane Imaging

Using 3-Dimensional and BiPlane

Philips SONOS Systems

Warning Symbol Used in the Caution—Federal Law

0123 marking is for

Edition Date Software Revision

Edition 1 April 1999 B.0

Edition 2 June 2000 B.1

Edition 3 January 2002 C.0

Edition 4 November 2002 D.0

Additionally, several specialty guides and multimedia products describe SONOS

3-Dimensional and BiPlane Imaging Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

Chapter 2 Live 3D Echo Imaging

Live 3D Imaging at a Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Full Volume Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14

Chapter 3 Live BiPlane Imaging

Live BiPlane Imaging at a Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Chapter 4 Managing Images

Managing Live 3D Echo Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

Chapter 5 Gated, Seqential 3D Imaging

Gated, Sequential 3D at a Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

Introducing the x4 Matrix Array Transducer

Lateral Depth Elevation

• The system is powered up and the x4 transducer is activated

• When the transducer type changes

The following dialog box is displayed whenever the calculation is necessary,

If you press Postpone, the calculation of coefficients is canceled, but is calculated

x4 Matrix Transducer Autocool

If the x4 Matrix transducer reaches a computed temperature of 42.5° C (108.5° F)

At temperatures above 47.7° C, if autocool detection fails, or if the transducer

Reconnect the Transducer, then

Introducing Live 3D Echo Imaging

For more information, see Chapter 2, “Live 3D Echo Imaging.”

Introducing Full Volume Acquisition

For more information, see Chapter 2, “Live 3D Echo Imaging.”

Introducing BiPlane Imaging

For more information see Chapter 3, “Live BiPlane Imaging.”

Shutting Down the System

To shut down the system:

The following message appears:

PLEASE WAIT WHILE THE SYSTEM SHUTS DOWN

After approximately 25 seconds, the 3D PC shuts down. Approximately 5

Live 3D Echo Imaging Overview

Live 3D Echo imaging display modes include:

• Touch Live 3D on the right touch panel.

The Live 3D primary touch controls appear.

Secondary Live Full

Frequency 3D Vision XRES Magnify

To display additional 3D controls:

• Touch Secondary Controls on the right touch panel.

Secondary Reference High

The following table describes the Live 3D touch controls.

Control Name Description

3D Home Sets the volume viewing angle to Home—the original transducer

3D Vision For the rendered image, controls predefined combinations of the

Brightness Adjusts the overall brightness of the rendered image.

Colorize Optimizes contrast resolution by activating a

Control Name Description

Crop Adj Turns on the cropping controls.