JUNIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

BIOLOGY
(100 Marks)
 ©Section A
Multiple Choice (20 marks)
Answer all questions in this section

Instructions
Encircle the letter corresponding to the collect answer

1. Which part of the eye produce 4 .Which one of the following

aqueous humour that maintains shape controls internal body systems
of the eyeball?
A. Autonomic nervous system
A. Suspensory ligament B. Peripheral nervous system
B. Vitreous humour C. Central nervous system
C. Ciliary body D. Spinal cord
D. Retina
2 .Which of the following processes
involves breakdown of amino acids in
5. Which of the following is taken as
the liver?
into the blood stream through the
A. Detoxification lacteal?
B. Deamination
A. Amino acids
C. Excretion
B. Glucose
D. Bile production
C. Glycerol
3 .Photolysis in the granum of a leaf D. water
result in the form action of
6.Which of the following is
A. Oxygen and water responsible for balancing air pressure
B. Hydrogen gas and energy between outer ear and inner ear?
C. Nicotine amide dinucleotide
A. Semicircular canal
phosphate (NADPH2)
B. Eustachian tube
D. Oxygen and hydrogen atoms
C. Cochlea
 D. Round window

7. which of the following belongs to

the appendicular skeleton
A. Phalanges
B. Clavicle
C. Lumber vertebral
D. Sternum
8. What advice would one give to the
students about the effects of smoking
Indian hemp?

1. Leads to madness
2. Reduce one’s attention Liquid
3. Damages the liver
4. Damages the brain X

A. 1,2 and 3 E F
B. 1,3 and 4 9.Name the liquid labelled X
C. 2,3 and 4
A. Clear water
D. 1,2 and 4
B. Sodium hydroxide
C. Colored water
Figure 1 is a diagram of an apparatus D. Lime water
used to show that there is more carbon 10.Why is liquid X used in this
dioxide in the air breathed out than in experiment
the air breathed in. use this figure to
A. Because it turns milky
answer question 9-11.
B. Because it is cheap
C. Because it turns milky in the
presence of carbon dioxide
D. Because it is colored which will
make it easy to detect any
change
11. After breathing in and out through 15. what is the name given to
the apparatus for a minute state what reproductive unit of ferns?
would happen to the liquid in flask E
A. Spore
A. The liquid would turn milky B. Seeds
B. The level of the liquid would C. Cones
rise D. pollen
C. The liquid would remain the
same
D. The level of liquid would fall 16. which of the following is the most
effective way of preventing HIV and
12. which of thew following diseases
AIDS?
is caused by a bacteria called
“Salmonella” A. using sterilized needles
B. Abstaining from sexual
A. Pneumonia
intercourse
B. Typhoid
C. Being faithful to a sexual
C. Cholera
partner
D. dysentery
D. Avoiding smoking and drinking
13.Which of the following is not a
17.why is it best to breath through
commercial use of yeast
nose?
A. Wine making
1. Air is moistened
B. Production of antibiotics
2. Air is warmed
C. Vitamin B supplements
3. It allows un filtered air to pass
D. Bread making
through
4. It has hair that trap dust germs
14.Which of the following is a special
characteristics of the heart muscle
A. 1,3 and 4
A. Having striated muscles B. 1,2 and3
B. Contracting and relaxing C. 1,2 and4
continuously without tiring D. 2,3 and 4
C. As one part contract the other
18.which of the following is a
part relaxes
monosaccharide?
D. Remaining in a contracted form
for a long time A. Maltose
B. Sucrose
 C. Glucose
D. lactose
figure 2 is a diagram showing two
19. Name the parasitic worm.
parasitic worms use it to answer the
questions 19-20 A. Bilharzia
B. Tape worm
C. Hool worm
Female D. Round worm
20. In which part of the human body
do the worms live at adult stage
A. Intestines and lungs
B. Intestines and bladder
Male C. Lungs and liver
D. Liver and bladder
 Section B (50 marks)
Short answer questions
Answer all questions in this section

21. a. Define classification

Is the grouping or sorting of organisms according to their similarities ,

differences feeding methods or habitats.

(1mark)

b. Explain two importance of classification

1. It becomes easier to study organism

2. It makes easier to identify relationships between groups of organisms

3. It helps to organize all types of known organisms in order to make it

easier to find information about them

4. To provide a coherent and universal system of grouping organisms

(4marks)
c. state two characteristics of spirogyra
1. Reproducing by fragmentation or by production of spores

2. Their bodies are made of simple elongated cells

3. They do not have roots, stems and leaves

4. They have chlorophyll

5. They are found in water

(2marks)

22. Figure 3 is an experiment set up on water uptake in plants. use it to answer the
questions that follows.
follows.

Oil
water Roots smeared with vaseline

M N

a. What was the function of oil in the set up?

Prevent evaporation of water

(1mark)

b. Identify the input variable in the set up?

Water

(1 mark)

c. (i) what difference would be observed in a setups M and N

The level of water in M decrease /fall down while in N remain the same
(1 mark)

(ii) Give a reason for your answer in 22c(i)

The roots in M absorb water while the roots in N will not absorb water since the

roots are smeared with Vaseline

(1mark)

23 a. Describe how the eye works following the following points or stages
1. Light is reflected in all direction from the object

2. Light rays enter the eye through cornea which refract to the pupil

3. Rays are brought to focus on the retina to form image

4. An impulse is formed and sent to brain through optic nerve for

interpretation

( 4marks)

b. State any two causes of conductive deafness

1. Accumulation of wax in the ear canal

2. Ear infection

3. Damage or rupturing of the ear drum

(2marks)

c. state any function of parasympathetic

 1. It slows heart beat

2. It increases the intestinal and gland activity

3. It relaxes sphincter muscle

(1mark)

24 a. Explain the role of micro-organisms in biotechnology

1. Production of insulin hormone by bacteria

2. Production of new breeds and type of crops to improve agricultural

production

3. Production of genetically modified organisms (GMO)

(2marks)

b. Explain any two ways of preserving food from micro-organisms

1. Salting dehydrated micro-organisms

2. Boiling, kills microorganisms in the food

3. Drying of food reduces activities of Fungai and bacteria

4. Freezing and refrigerating, at low temperature microorganism becomes in

active

5. Pasteurization, is done for milk

(4 marks)

c. Give any two functions of spinal cord

 1. Linking the nerves of peripheral nevious system with the brain

2. Co-ordinating certain automatic response

3. Controls reflex action

(2marks)

25 The figure is a diagram showing two types of eggs laid by parasites that cause
bilharzia

X Y

a. Identify the type of bilharzia caused by parasite X and Y

X: Urinary bilharzia

Y: Intestinal bilharzia

(2 marks)
b. Which part of an infected person is affected by parasite X and Y
X: Bladder

Y: Large intestine

(2 marks)
26. What vitamin helps in the absorption of
(a) calcium
Vitamin D
(1mark)
(b) iron
Vitamin C

(1 mark)

27 a. what are sprains

Are injuries that occur at joints and they occur when a wrist or an ankle is

suddenly twisted

(1 mark)
b. State two ways of reducing swelling on a sprained joint
1. Apply ice or cold water

2. Carefully apply a supporting bandage at the joint

(1 mark)

c. State functions of the following

(i) tendon
The tissue that attaches muscle to bone

(1mark)

(ii) Synovial fluid

It reduces friction between the cartilage in joints

(1 mark)

28a.state 4 features of good report in biology experiment

 1. Introduction- describe aim and materials

2. Description of the method-describe the procedure

3. Presentation of results

4. conclusion4marks)

b. You are given the length of a specimen to be 10 cm and the length of biological
drawing to be 5cm calculate the magnification of leaf (2marks).

Magnification = drawing of the image/ specimen

= 10cm/20cm
= X0.5 or X1/2

29. Construct dichotomous key to identify a given organisms(6marks)

A B C
D E

1. (a) Has legs ……………… ……………………. see 2

(b) Has no legs ……………………………………. see 3
2. (a) Has 2 pairs of legs……………………………..D(Frog)
(b)Has more than 2pairs of legs……………………. see4
 3. (a) Has fins…………………………………………….C (Fish)
(b) Has no fins……………………………………………E(Snake)
4 (a) Has wings ………………………………………. B(Butterfly)
(b)Has no wings…………………………………………A(flue)
NB: Any relevant arrangement must be considered
30. Explain how white blood cells defend the body
1. By engulfing and digesting the pathogens

2. By introducing antibodies to destroy antigens that causes disease

(2 Marks)

Section c (30 marks)

Answer all the questions in this section. your answer should be in an essay form.

31. explain five effects of deficiency diseases

1. Loss of parts of the body for example teeth due to lack of calcium

2. Retarded growth due to lack of proteins in diet

3. Rickets causes deformity of legs among the young

4. Mental retardation as a result of anemia and kwashiorkor

5. Stress on the economy because money is spent on managing medical

condition which results from deficiency like goiter or gout

(10marks)
32. explain five ways of preventing and controlling typhoid
1. Isolation of the patients to avoid spread of the disease by contract

2. Sterilize clothes that the patient has used using disinfectants or by boiling

3. Food handlers in institution should go for regular check ups and treat if

found infected

4. Proper disposal of faeces in the toilets and pit latrines

5. Vaccination during out breaks of the disease for the instance in case of

epidemics

6. Proper sewage treatments should be done in town to kill bacteria

7. Boiling water and through cooking of food to kill the bacteria

(10Marks)
33. describe four processes of blood transfusion
1. Pre-donation counselling, before donation of the blood the volunteer are

taken through a session where they are taught about the importance of

blood donation and the requirement for blood donation

2. Eligibility to be a donor, the blood transfusion services help the donor in

determining whether they are suitable to donate blood

3. Venipuncture, is a procedure where needle is inserted into a vein to obtain

blood
 4. Post donation counselling, blood is taken into the blood transfusion

laboratories where each individual blood is screened

(10Marks)
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