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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: D635 − 18

Standard Test Method for

Rate of Burning and/or Extent and Time of Burning of
Plastics in a Horizontal Position1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D635; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope* mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.1 This fire-test-response test method covers a small-scale For specific hazards statements, see 9.2.
laboratory screening procedure for comparing the relative 1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
linear rate of burning or extent and time of burning, or both, of dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
plastics in the form of bars, molded or cut from sheets, plates, ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
or panels, and tested in the horizontal position. Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
NOTE 1—This test method, and test method A of IEC 60695-11-10 are mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
technically equivalent. Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
NOTE 2—For additional information on materials which do not burn to
the first reference mark by this test, see Test Method D3801. 2. Referenced Documents
1.2 This test method was developed for polymeric materials
used for parts in devices and appliances. The results are 2.1 ASTM Standards:2
intended to serve as a preliminary indication of their accept- D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
ability with respect to flammability for a particular application. D648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics
The final acceptance of the material is dependent upon its use Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position
in complete equipment that conforms with the standard appli- D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
cable to such equipment. D1929 Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature
of Plastics
1.3 The classification system described in Appendix X1 is
D2843 Test Method for Density of Smoke from the Burning
intended for quality assurance and the preselection of compo-
or Decomposition of Plastics
nent materials for products.
D3801 Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burning
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as Characteristics of Solid Plastics in a Vertical Position
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this D5025 Specification for Laboratory Burner Used for Small-
standard. Scale Burning Tests on Plastic Materials
1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the D5207 Practice for Confirmation of 20–mm (50–W) and
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and 125–mm (500–W) Test Flames for Small-Scale Burning
flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself Tests on Plastic Materials
incorporate all factors required for fire hazards or fire risk E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
assessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actual Building Materials
fire conditions. E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Determine the Precision of a Test Method
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- E2935 Practice for Conducting Equivalence Testing in
Laboratory Applications
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties
2
(Section D20.30.03). For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1941. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D635 – 14. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D0635-18. the ASTM website.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

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D635 − 18
2.2 IEC Standards:3 burning characterization by other methods is highly desirable
IEC 60695-11-10 Fire Hazard Testing—Part 11-10 Test in such cases (see Note 2).
Flames—50W Horizontal and Vertical Flame Test Meth-
5.5 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to specific
ods
laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are
2.3 ICC Codes:4 substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it will not
IBC International Building Code (2018) always be possible by or from this test to predict changes in the
fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the re-
3. Terminology sults are valid only for the fire-test-exposure conditions de-
3.1 Definitions: scribed in this procedure.
3.1.1 Terms used in this test method are in accordance with
the definitions in Terminology D883, unless otherwise speci- 6. Apparatus
fied. For terms relating to fire, the terms used in this test
6.1 Test Chamber, enclosed laboratory hood, or chamber
method are in accordance with the definitions in Terminology
free of induced or forced draft during test, having an inside
E176. For terms relating to precision and bias and associated
volume of at least 0.5 m3. An enclosed laboratory hood with a
issues, the terms used in this test method are in accordance
heat-resistant glass window for observing the test and an
with the definitions in Terminology E456.
exhaust fan for removing the products of combustion after the
4. Summary of Test Method tests is recommended. The atmosphere in and around the test
chamber shall be maintained between 15 to 35°C and ≤75 %
4.1 A bar specimen of the material to be tested is supported relative humidity.
horizontally at one end. The free end is exposed to a specified
gas flame for 30 s. Time and extent of burning are measured NOTE 3—The amount of oxygen available to support combustion is
and reported if the specimen does not burn 100 mm. An naturally important for the conduct of these fire-test-response tests. For
tests conducted by this test method when burning times are protracted,
average burning rate is reported for a material if it burns to the chamber sizes less than 1 m3 may not provide accurate results.
100 mm mark from the ignited end. NOTE 4—Some laboratory hoods have induced drafts even with the
exhaust fan off. A positive-closing damper is recommended.
5. Significance and Use NOTE 5—A mirror in the chamber, to provide a rear view of the
specimen, has been found useful in some enclosures.
5.1 Tests made on a material under conditions herein
prescribed are of value in comparing the rate of burning or 6.2 Test Fixture, A laboratory ring stand or test fixture
extent and time of burning characteristics, or both, of different equipped with a means of holding a 125 mm2 wire gauze
materials, in controlling manufacturing processes, or as a horizontal and a small clamp permitting the specimen to be
measure of deterioration or change in these burning character- held with its longitudinal axis horizontal and its transverse axis
istics prior to or during use. Correlation with flammability inclined at 45 6 2° angle as illustrated in Fig. 1.
under actual use conditions is not implied.
NOTE 6—A pan of water may be placed on the floor of the hood in
5.2 The rate of burning and other burning phenomena will position to catch any burning particles that may drop during the test.
be affected by such factors as density, pigments, any anisotropy 6.3 Laboratory Burner, constructed in accordance with
of the material and the thickness of the specimen. Test data Specification D5025.
shall be compared only for specimens of similar thickness,
whether comparisons are being made with the same or different 6.4 Gas Supply, a supply of technical-grade methane gas
materials. The rate of burning and other burning phenomena with suitable regulator and meter for uniform gas flow. Natural
will vary with thickness. gas mixtures having an energy density of approximately 37
MJ/m3 have been found to provide similar results. However,
5.3 It is feasible that sheet materials that have been stretched
technical-grade methane gas shall be used as the referee in
during processing will relax during burning and give erratic
cases of dispute.
results unless they are first heated above their deflection
temperature, in accordance with Test Method D648, for a time 6.5 Wire Gauze, 20-mesh (approximately 20 openings per
sufficient to permit complete relaxation. 25 mm), made with 0.43 6 0.03 mm diameter iron wire cut to
5.4 Burning tests require that certain variables be arbitrarily approximately 125 mm2, to sustain burning or glowing par-
fixed, for example, specimen size, energy source and applica- ticles falling from the specimens.
tion time, and end points. Materials will be found that are 6.6 Timing Device, accurate to 0.5 s.
unusually sensitive to one or more of the conditions chosen for
6.7 Scale, graduated in millimeters.
this method leading to highly variable results. Additional
6.8 Micrometer, accurate to 0.05 mm.

3
6.9 Conditioning Room or Chamber, capable of being main-
Publications of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) are available from American
tained at 23 6 2°C and 50 6 10 % relative humidity.
National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY
6.10 Flexible Specimen Support Fixture, used to facilitate
10036.
4
Available from International Code Council (ICC), 500 New Jersey Ave., NW, the testing of specimens that sag and touch the wire gauze. (See
6th Floor, Washington, DC 20001, http://www.iccsafe.org. 9.4 and Fig. 2.)

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D635 − 18

FIG. 1 Test Fixture

FIG. 2 Flexible Specimen Support Fixture

7. Test Specimens otherwise agreed, fabrication of test specimens shall be in

7.1 All test specimens shall be cut from a representative accordance with the specifications of the material being tested.
sample of the material (sheet or end products), or shall be cast 7.2 Specimens shall be 125 6 5 mm long by 13.0 6 0.5 mm
or injection-, compression-, transfer- or pultrusion-molded to wide, and provided in the minimum thickness and in the 3.0
the necessary form. After any cutting operation, care shall be (−0.0 +0.2) mm thickness. The 3.0 mm thick specimens are not
taken to remove all dust and any particles from the surface; cut necessary if the minimum thickness is greater than 3.0 mm, or
edges shall be fine sanded to have a smooth finish. Unless the maximum thickness is less than 3.0 mm. The maximum

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D635 − 18
thickness shall not exceed 13 mm. The maximum width shall of the specimen even with the edge of the gauze. Any material
not exceed 13.5 mm. The edges shall be smooth, and the radius remaining on the wire gauze from the previous test must be
on the corners shall not exceed 1.3 mm. burned off or a new section of wire gauze used for each test.
7.3 It is possible that the results of tests carried out on test 9.4 If the specimen sags at its free end during the initial set
specimens of different colors, thicknesses, densities, molecular up and is not able to maintain the distance of 10 6 1 mm as
masses, directions of anisotropy and types, or with different specified in 9.2, the flexible specimen support fixture illustrated
additives, fillers/reinforcements will be different. in Fig. 2 shall be used. Position the support fixture under the
7.3.1 Test specimens in the minimum and maximum specimen with the small extending portion of the support
densities, melt flows and level of fillers/reinforcements con- fixture at least 20 mm from the free end of the specimen.
tents shall be considered representative of the range, if the Provide enough clearance at the clamped end of the specimen
results yield the same flame test classification. If the burning so that the support fixture can be moved freely sidewards. As
characteristics are not essentially the same for all specimens the flame front progresses along the specimen, withdraw the
representing the range, the evaluation is to be limited only to support fixture at the same approximate rate, preventing the
the materials in the densities, melt flows, and fillers/ flame front from contacting the flexible specimen support
reinforcements contents tested. Additional specimens in the fixture, so that there is no effect on the test flame or on the
intermediate densities, melt flows, and fillers/reinforcements burning of the specimen.
contents are to be tested. 9.5 With the central axis of the burner tube in the vertical
7.3.2 Uncolored test specimens and test specimens with the position, place the burner remote from the specimen, ignite,
highest level of organic and inorganic pigment loading by and adjust it to produce a blue flame 20 mm high. Adjust the
weight are considered representative of the color range, if the gas supply and the air ports of the burner until a 20-mm
test results are essentially the same. When certain pigments are yellow-tipped blue flame is produced, and then increase the air
known to affect flammability characteristics, they are also to be supply until the yellow tip just disappears. Measure the height
tested. Specimens to be tested are those that: of the flame. If the flame height is not 20 6 2 mm, adjust the
(a) contain no coloring burner gas supply to give the proper flame height. Once the
(b) contain the highest level of organic pigments flame has been properly set to a height of 20 6 2 mm wait for
(c) contain the highest level of inorganic pigments at least 5 min to allow the burner conditions to reach
(d) contain pigments which are known to adversely affect equilibrium.
flammability characteristics
NOTE 7—See Practice D5207 for recommended back pressure and flow
8. Conditioning rate for the gas supply and calibration procedure for the 20 mm flame.

8.1 Condition ten bar specimens for each material and 9.6 Place the burner so that the test flame impinges on the
thickness to be tested in accordance with Procedure A of free end of the test specimen to a depth of approximately 6 mm
Practice D618 for a minimum of 48 hours. Once removed from starting the timing device simultaneously. The central axis of
the conditioning atmosphere test the specimens within 1 h. the burner tube is to be in the same vertical plane as the
Temperature and humidity tolerances shall be in accordance longitudinal bottom edge of the specimen and inclined toward
with Section 7 of Practice D618. the end of the specimen at an angle of approximately 45 6 2
degrees to the horizontal. See Fig. 1. Apply the flame for
8.2 Conduct testing in a laboratory atmosphere of 15 to 30 6 1 s without changing its position. If the test specimen
35°C and ≤75 % relative humidity. shrinks from the applied flame without ignition, the material is
not suitable for evaluation by these test methods. Excessive
9. Procedure
distortion of the specimen during the test will invalidate the
9.1 Prepare at least ten bar specimens. After measuring and results. Withdraw the test flame sufficiently from the specimen
recording the specimen thickness, mark each specimen with (see Note 8) so that there is no effect on the specimen after
two lines perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bar, 30 6 1 s or as soon as the flame front of the specimen reaches
25 6 1 and 100 6 1 mm from the end that is to be ignited. the 25 mm mark (if less than 30 s). Restart the timing device
9.2 Conduct the burning test in a chamber, enclosure, or when the flame front reaches the 25 mm reference mark.
laboratory hood free of induced or forced draft. (Warning— NOTE 8—Withdrawing the burner a distance of 150 mm from the
Products of combustion are potentially toxic. An enclosed specimen has been found satisfactory.
laboratory hood and an exhaust fan for removing the products 9.7 If the specimen continues to burn, with a flame or
of combustion after the tests are recommended. The exhaust glowing combustion (visible glow without flame), after re-
fan is turned off during the test and turned on immediately moval of the test flame, record the elapsed time (t), in seconds,
following the test in order to remove products of combustion.) for the flame front to travel from the 25 mm reference mark to
9.3 Clamp the specimen at the end farthest from the 25 mm the 100 mm reference mark and record the burned length (L),
reference mark, in a support with its longitudinal axis horizon- as 75 mm. If the flame front passes the 25 mm reference mark
tal and its transverse axis inclined at 45 6 2° as illustrated in but does not reach the 100 mm reference mark, record the
Fig. 1. Clamp the wire gauze horizontally beneath the elapsed time (t), in seconds, and the burned length (L), in
specimen, with a distance of 10 6 1 mm between the lowest millimeters between the 25 mm reference mark and where the
edge of the specimen and the wire gauze, and with the free end flame front stopped.

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D635 − 18
TABLE 1 Average Linear Burning Rate for Specimens Tested without Flexible Specimen Support Fixture
Rate of Linear Burning, mm/min
Material Nominal Specimen
Average SrA SRB rC RD
Thickness, mm
Polyethylene (PE) 3.0 15.2 0.7 1.3 1.9 3.7
ABS 3.2 27.9 2.1 4.1 5.7 11.5
Acrylic 3.0 29.7 1.7 2.2 4.9 6.1
A
Sr is the within-laboratory standard deviation for the indicated material. It is obtained by pooling the within-laboratory standard deviations of the test results from all of
the participating laboratories:

Sr = [[(s1)2 + ( s2)2 . . . + ( sn)2]/ n]1/2

B
SR is the between-laboratories reproducibility, expressed as stated deviation:

SR = [S r2 + SL2 ]1/2
where: SL = the standard deviation of laboratory means.

C
r is the within-laboratory critical interval between two test results = 2.8 × Sr .
D
R is the between-laboratories critical interval between two test results = 2.8 × SR .

9.8 Repeat the test procedure (9.1 – 9.7) until three speci- 11.1.8 Whether or not the flame front reached the 25 and
mens have burned to or beyond the 100 mm reference mark, or 100 mm reference marks.
ten specimens have been tested. 11.1.9 For specimens with which the flame front does not
reach or pass the 25 mm reference mark, a statement that
NOTE 9—For classification purposes, if only one specimen does not
comply with the criteria, test an additional set of specimens. See X1.3. indicates the flame front did not reach or pass the 25 mm
reference mark. Do not report an elapsed time (t) and burned
10. Calculation length (L).
10.1 Calculate the linear burning rate (V), in millimeters per 11.1.10 For specimens with which the flame front passed
minute, for each specimen where the flame front reaches the the 25 mm reference mark but did not reach the 100 mm
100 mm reference mark using the equation: reference mark, the elapsed time (t) and burned length (L).
11.1.11 If a specimen does not burn to the 100 mm mark
V 5 60L/t because of dripping, flowing, or falling burning particles, the
where: report must so indicate.
L = the burned length, in millimeters, as defined in 9.7; and 11.1.12 If a specimen is reignited by burning material on the
gauze, the report must so state.
t = the time, in seconds, as defined in 9.7. 11.1.13 For specimens with which the flame front reached
NOTE 10—If the flame front reached the 100-mm reference mark, the 100 mm reference mark, the average linear burning rate,
L = 75. (V).
NOTE 11—The SI units of the linear burning rate is meter per second. 11.1.14 Whether the flexible specimen support fixture was
In practice, the unit millimeter per minute is used. used.
NOTE 12—It is acceptable to report the results in cm/min by using the
method prescribed in 10.1 and then dividing the obtained rate by ten. 11.1.15 The caveat contained in 1.5 herein shall be incor-
porated in its entirety in the test report issued.
10.2 Calculate the average linear burning rate or classify the 11.1.16 Optional—Flame classification as determined from
material in accordance with the appendix. the appendix.
11. Report 12. Precision and Bias
11.1 Include the following in the complete report: 12.1 Table 1 is based on a round robin completed in 19875
11.1.1 Material Identification—Include generic description, in accordance with Practice E691, involving three self-
manufacturer, commercial designation, lot number, and color. supporting materials tested by eleven laboratories. Each labo-
11.1.2 The thickness, as measured with a micrometer to the ratory conditioned, at 23°C and 50 % relative humidity, the
nearest 0.1 mm, of the test specimen. specimens that it tested. Each laboratory conducted the tests in
11.1.3 The nominal apparent density (rigid cellular materi- a laboratory hood with the hood exhaust essentially turned off.
als only). All three materials were classified by the test as possessing an
11.1.4 The direction of any anisotropy relative to the test average burning rate. Each test result consisted of an average
specimen dimensions. linear burning rate determined from three specimens. Each
11.1.5 Conditioning treatment. laboratory obtained three test results for each material.
11.1.6 Any prior treatment before testing, other than cutting,
trimming and conditioning.
11.1.7 Whether or not the specimen continued to burn (with 5
Supporting data for Table 1 are available from ASTM Headquarters. Request
or without visible flame) after application of test flame. RR:D20-1149.

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D635 − 18
TABLE 2 Average Linear Burning Rate for Specimens Tested with Flexible Specimen Support Fixture
Rate of Linear Burning, mm/min

Material Nominal
Specimen Average SrA SRB rC RD
Thickness, mm
E E
Polyurethane (PUR) 1.3 41.6 1.0 2.9
Polyurethane (PUR) 0.8 60.9 10.9 14.4 30.6 40.4
Polyurethane (PUR) 0.4 82.3 10.6 26.6 29.8 74.4
E E
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) 0.1 192.0 32.2 123.7
A
Sr = within-laboratory standard deviation for the indicated material. It is obtained by pooling the within-laboratory standard deviations of the test results from all of the
participating laboratories, as follows:

Sr = [[(s1)2 + ( s2)2 . . . +(sn )2]/n]1/2

B
SR = between-laboratories reproducibility, expressed as stated deviation, as follows:

SR = [Sr2 + SL2]1/2
where SL = the standard deviation of laboratory means.

C
r = within-laboratory critical interval between two test results = 2.8 × Sr .
D
R = between-laboratories critical interval between two test results = 2.8 × SR.
E
The number of laboratories in the interlaboratory study reporting a linear burning rate was too small to establish a between-laboratory standard deviation.

12.2 Table 2 is based on a round robin completed in 19866 these two characteristics in case of dispute. Due to the rarity of
in accordance with Practice 691, involving four materials that materials which consistently produce this result, a numerical
required use of the flexible specimen support fixture and tested precision and bias statement for this type of test result is not
by six different laboratories. For each material, all samples being actively pursued at this time. (Warning—Do not apply
were provided by one source. The individual specimens were the data in Tables 1 and 2 rigorously to acceptance or rejection
cut and distributed by one laboratory. Each laboratory of material, as these data apply only to the materials tested in
conditioned, at 23°C and 50 % relative humidity, the speci- the round robin and are unlikely to be rigorously representative
mens that it tested. Each test result consisted of an average of other lots, formulations, conditions, materials or laborato-
linear burning rate determined from three specimens. Each ries. Users of this test method shall apply the principles
laboratory obtained two average linear burning rates from a outlined in Practice E691 to generate data specific to their
total six individual specimen test results for each material. materials and laboratory (or between specific laboratories). For
12.3 This test method does not contain a numerical preci- information on equivalence testing see Practice E2935.)
sion and bias statement for the time of burning and extent of 12.4 Bias—There are no recognized standards on which to
burning for specimens where the flame front passes the 25mm base an estimate of bias for this test method.
reference mark, but does not reach the 100mm reference mark,
and therefore shall not be used as a referee test method for 13. Keywords
13.1 burning characteristics; combustion; extent of burning;
6
Supporting data for Table 2 are available from ASTM Headquarters. Request flammability; HB; horizontal burning rate; plastics; rate of
RR:D20-1146. burning; small-scale burning test burning; time of burning

APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING THE RELATIVE LINEAR RATE OF BURNING AND/OR EXTENT
AND TIME OF BURNING OF PLASTICS

X1.1 General a preferred range of performance levels that simplifies descrip-

X1.1.1 This appendix covers a classification system for tion in material designations or specifications and may assist
characterizing the burning behavior of plastic materials, sup- certification bodies to determine compliance with applicable
ported in a horizontal position, in response to a small-flame requirements.
ignition source. The use of a category designation code is
optional and is determined by examining the test results of X1.2 Category Designation—The behavior of specimens
materials tested by this method. Each category code represents shall be classified HB (HB = horizontal burning) if,

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D635 − 18
X1.2.1 There are no visible signs of combustion after the specimens is to be tested. All specimens from this second set
ignition source is removed, or shall comply with the criteria indicated in order for the
X1.2.2 The flame front does not pass the 25 mm reference material, of that thickness, to be classified as HB.
mark, or
X1.4 If the linear burning rate does not exceed 40 mm/min
X1.2.3 The flame front passes the 25 mm reference mark
when tested in the 3.0 mm 6 0.2 mm thickness, the HB
but does not reach the 100 mm reference mark, or
category designation shall be extended to a 1.5 mm minimum
X1.2.4 The flame front reaches the 100 mm reference mark thickness.
and the linear burning rate does not exceed 40 mm/min for
specimens having a thickness between 3 and 13 mm or 75 X1.5 Recording the category designation in the test report is
mm/min for specimens having a thickness less than 3 mm. optional.
X1.3 If only one specimen from the first set of specimens
does not comply with the criteria indicated, another set of

X2. IBC REFERENCE TO TEST METHOD D635

INTRODUCTION

In the International Building Code (2018 Edition), this test method is referenced in the sections
dealing with light-transmitting plastics and dealing with metal composite materials (MCMs).
Classifications are established based on the extent of burning using this test method. The IBC contains
the requirements shown in X2.1 in the section on light transmitting plastics:

X2.1 2606.4 Specifications—Light-transmitting plastics, nominal thickness of 0.060 in. [1.5 mm], or in the thickness
including thermoplastic, thermosetting or reinforced thermo- intended for use, in accordance with this test method.
setting plastic material, shall have a self-ignition temperature
of 650°F [343°C] or greater where tested in accordance with X2.2 The classification scheme shown above is used within
Test Method D1929; a smoke-developed index not greater than the International Building Code for light-transmitting plastics
450 where tested in the manner intended for use in accordance only. It is not applicable to plastics used in other construction
with Test Method E84, or a maximum average smoke density applications, except that MCMs are also classified using Test
rating not greater than 75 where tested in the thickness Methods D635 (with CC1 and CC2) and D1929. In addition,
intended for use in accordance with Test Method D2843 and the flammability requirements given here are not necessarily
shall conform to one of the following combustibility classifi- the only requirements applicable to light-transmitting plastics.
cations:
X2.3 Test Method D2843 reports values as a Smoke Density
X2.1.1 Class CC1: Plastic materials that have a burning Rating.
extent of 1 in. [25 mm] or less where tested at a nominal
thickness of 0.060 in. [1.5 mm], or in the thickness intended for X2.4 These classifications are not part of this test method
use, in accordance with this test method, and are not under the jurisdiction of ASTM committee D20.
X2.1.2 Class CC2: Plastic materials that have a burning rate However, they are in common usage and are presented here for
of 2.5 inches per minute [1.06 mm/s] or less where tested at a information only.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (D635 – 14)
that may impact the use of this standard. (November 1, 2018)

(1) Revised section on definitions. (3) Revised Appendix X2.

(2) Revised section on precision and bias.

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D635 − 18
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