PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY

1990-2015
Chapter I- Introduction to Dentistry
SHORT NOTES:

1. DCI (Apr 95) (Apr 96) (Oct 97) (Apr 98) (Oct 98) (Apr 00) (Sep 02) (Aug 04) (Feb 05) (Feb 10) (Feb 11)
(Aug 14)
2. Dentist act (Apr 96) (Apr 98) (Aug 12)
3. IDA (Apr 95) (Apr 98) (Apr 00) (Apr 01) (Nov 01) (Apr 03) (Aug 04) (Aug 05) (Feb 06) (Feb 07) (Aug 10)
(Feb 12) (Aug 12)
4. State dental council (Sep 02)

Chapter 2- Introduction to Public Health

ESSAY:

1. Concept of public health and public health situation in India as of today. (Oct 98)
2. Epidemiology- define. Write in detail about epidemiological triad (Aug 14)
3. Health - Define. What steps would you suggest to implement dental health for all by 2000 AD. (Apr 91) (Oct
97) (Aug 05)
4. Primary health care - Define. Discuss all the essential eight elements of primary health care. How do you
provide primary health care in India? (Feb 05)
5. What are the levels of prevention and describe in detail the role of primary prevention in community
dentistry. (Apr 96) (Oct 00)
6. Write in detail the different levels of prevention. Define plaque. Discuss the plaque control methods. (Oct 00)

SHORT NOTES:

1. BHORE committee (Aug 06) (Aug 07)

2. Culture and oral diseases (Apr 01)
3. Dental health care for all by 2020 AD (Apr 95)
4. Dimensions of health (Feb 12) (Aug 12)
5. Disability indicators (Feb 13)
6. Disease agent (Apr 00)
7. Endemic (Aug 04) (Feb 05) (Feb 10) (Aug 13) (Aug 14)
8. Epidemic (Oct 97) (Apr 98) (Oct 03) (Aug 07)
9. Epidemiological triad (Nov 01)
10. Factors responsible for health and disease (Feb 05)
11. Health indicators (Aug 05)
12. Host factor (Sep 02)
13. Iceberg phenomenon (Aug 11)
14. Levels of prevention (Oct 96) (Oct 99)
15. Pandemic (Aug 11) (Feb 13)
16. Positive health(Feb 06)
17. Primary health care (Apr 96) (Sep 02) (Oct 03) (Feb 07)
18. Primary prevention (Apr 96) (Apr 98) (Apr 01) (Sep 02) (Aug 04) (Feb 06) (Feb 10)
19. Primordial prevention (Oct 00)
20. Risk factors and risk groups (Oct 97)
21. Secondary level of prevention (Apr 00) (Apr 01)
22. Spectrum of health (Aug 14)
23. Great sanitary awakening (Oct 99)
Chapter 3- General Epidemiology
ESSAY:

1. Define cohort. Discuss the differences between cohort and case control study. (Apr 01)
2. Define Epidemiology. Mention the different epidemiological studies. Describe in detail Descriptive
epidemiology. (Feb 2012)
3. Epidemiology - Define. Describe its aims and objectives and various terminologies used in the field of
epidemiology. (Apr 95) (Apr 00) (Apr 03) (Feb 07)

SHORT NOTES:

1. Aims of epidemiology (Feb 14)

2. Analytical epidemiology (Apr 93) (Apr 96) (Oct 00) (Aug 04) (Aug 06)
3. Bias (Nov 01) (Apr 03) (Feb 05) (Feb 06) (Feb 15)
4. Case control study (Apr 03) (Feb 07) (Aug 07)
5. Case fatality (Oct 96)
5. Clinical trials (Apr 96) (Oct 96)
6. Cohort study (Apr 96) (Apr 98) (Oct 98) (Aug 08) (Feb 13)
7. Cross sectional studies (Apr 96) for prevalence
8. Incidence (Feb 05) (Aug 05) (Feb 08)
9. Mortality indicators (Aug 13)
10. Observational study (Oct 96)
6. Prevalence and incidence (Aug 12)
7. Prevalence (Aug 05) (Feb 08) (Aug 13)
11. Principles of epidemiology (Aug 12)
12. Prospective and retrospective study (Apr 99)
13. Prospective study (Apr 93) (Aug 04) (Feb 10)
8. Rate, ratio and proportion (Feb 12) (Aug 12)
9. Retrospective and prospective study (Oct 96)

Chapter 4: Environment &Health

ESSAY:
1. Potable water- define. Write in detail steps in large scale water purification (Aug 08) (Feb 13)
2. Small scale of purification of water. (Aug 10)
3. What is potable water? Describe in detail the methods of purification of water. (Apr 03)
4. Describe and discuss the various methods used in disposal of waste. (Aug 04)

SHORT NOTES
1. Bangalore method of waste disposal (Sep 02)
1. Break point chlorination (Aug 11)
2. Decomposing (Apr 95)
3. Disposal of hospital waste (Sep 02) (Oct 03) (Aug 04) (Aug 05) (Aug 07) (Feb 09)
4. Dumping (Apr 03) (Oct 03)
2. Incineration (Apr 00) (Apr 01)
3. Large scale purification of water (Feb 11) (Feb 12)
4. Potable water (Apr 00) (Nov 01) (Apr 03) (Feb 06) (Feb 09)
5. Rapid sand filtration (Oct 00)
6. Safe water (Aug 06) (Aug 09)
7. Sea outfall (Oct 00) (Feb 07) (Aug 14)
8. Surveillance of drinking water supply (Oct 98)
9. Waste disposal (Apr 99)
10. Waterborne disease (Oct 98)
Chapter 5: Health Education and Health Promotion
ESSAY:

1. Dental health education - Define. Discuss the role of various AV aids in education programme. (Oct 96) (Apr
98) (Apr 03)
2. Describe the differences in the concepts, knowledge and behaviour towards health among rural and urban
communities. (Apr 93)
3. Health education - Define Write in detail the principles of health education. Add a note on methods of health
education. Add a note on various media. Barriers of health education and the various methods to overcome
them. (Apr 96) (Apr 00) (Apr 03) (Apr 03) (Apr 03) (Feb 06) (Feb 06) (Aug 11)
4. Mass education – Define and describe in detail the various methods and means of mass education. (Feb 10)
5. Steps in health education. (Aug 10)

SHORT NOTES:
1. Aids for dental health education (Oct 96) (Oct 97) (Oct 97) (Aug 05)
2. Approaches to health education (Oct 03)
3. Approaches to public health (Oct 97)
4. Barriers of communication (Apr 96) (Apr 00) (Oct 00)
5. Barriers of health education (Oct 98) (Aug 08) (Aug 09)
6. Health education contents (Feb 15)
7. Mass media in dental health education (Apr 93) (Oct 96) (Apr 99) (Apr 00) (Feb 06)
8. Principles of health education (Oct 00)

Chapter 6: Ethics
ESSAY:
1. Dental Ethics - Define and discuss various ethical considerations with reference to dental professional
practice in India. (Oct 96)

SHORT NOTES:
1. Dental ethics (Apr 96) (Oct 96) (Oct 97) (Apr 98) (Apr 99) (Feb 05) (Aug 05) (Feb 06)
2. Unethical dental practice (Apr 93)

Chapter 7: Medical Jurisprudence

SHORT NOTES:

1. Consumer protection act/COPRA (Feb 08) (Aug 11) (Feb 15)

2. Dental jurisprudence (Oct 97)

Chapter 8: Nutrition & Oral Health

SHORT NOTES:

1. Diet counselling (Aug 14)

2. Marasmus (Oct 91)
3. Kwashiorkar (Oct 91)
4. Nutrition and dental health (Oct 97) (Apr 98)
5. Trace element (Oct 98) (Oct 99) (Apr 01)
Chapter 9: Behavioral & Social Sciences
ESSAY:
1. Describe briefly the normal development of a child. Write in detail the psychological development of a child.
(Apr 95) (Oct 98)
2. Write in detail the different techniques of management of a child in dental office. (Sep 02)

SHORT NOTES:
1. Psychology (Aug 13)
2. Sigmund freud theory (Apr 03)
3. Social epidemiology (Oct 98)
4. Sociology (Feb 11) (Feb 13)
5. Taboos in dentistry (Apr 95)
6. Tell show do(Feb 08) (Feb 15)

Chapter 10: Health Care Delivery

ESSAY:

1 Health care delivery system in India (Feb 05)

SHORT NOTES:

2 Voluntary health organization (Feb 05) (Feb 12) (Feb 13)

3 WHO (Oct 96) (Oct 97) (Apr 00) (Oct 00) (Nov 01) (Feb 06) (Aug 08) (Aug 12)
4 Red cross (Aug 07) (Feb 11)
5 Folk medicine and popular medicine (Apr 00)

Chapter 11: Public Health Dentistry

1. Community Dentistry - Define. What are its objectives ? Discuss how considerations for community
dentistry differ from those of dental practice of an individual. (Oct 96) (Oct 97) (Oct 97) (Oct 99) (Sep 02)
(Apr 03) (Aug 06)
2. Community dentistry - Scopes and objective. (Oct 97)
3. Dental public health- define. Describe the functions of the public health dentist. (Apr 01)
4. Discuss the factors affecting the practice of dentistry. (Apr 93)
5. Public health - Define and describe the characteristics of public health. (Apr 93)
6. Public health - Define and write in detail about the tools of public health. (Aug 07) (Aug 12)
7. Public health - Define. Outline in detail the private dental practitioner’s role in implementing dental health.
(Aug 05)
8. Public health and dental public health - Define. How do you arrange a dental camp in a village. (Apr 03)
9. Public health and dental public health - Define. When do you call a health problem as a public health
problem? Discuss the role of public health dentist in the society. (Feb 06) (Aug 06)

SHORT NOTES
1. Functions of a public health dentist (Apr 00)
2. Tools of public health (Feb 12)
3. Objectives of CD (Apr 96)
4. Qualification of epidemiologist (Apr 95)
5. Oral health goals (Apr 96)
Chapter 12: Dental Caries
ESSAY

1. Dental caries - Define. Define preventive dentistry. Mention its etiology. Write in detail the various methods
of prevention of dental caries at different levels. (Apr 95) (Oct 96) (Oct 97) (Apr 98) (Nov 01) (Feb 06) (Aug
08) (Feb 14)
2. Epidemiology – Define. Write in detail epidemiology of dental caries in relation to host, agent and
environmental factors. (Apr 96) (Apr 00) (Sep 02) (Aug 05)
3. Incidence and prevalence – Define. Briefly enumerate the incidence of periodontal disease and dental caries
in India. (Apr 91) (Oct 98) (Apr 98) (Feb 11)[refer periodontal disease chap as well]
4. For a patient with a DMFS score of 36 write in detail about the treatment plan and describe the various levels
of prevention. (Apr 03)

SHORT NOTES:

1. Albans test (Oct 03) (Feb 08) (Aug 08)

2. Caries activity tests (Apr 95) (Apr 00) (Apr 03) (Aug 05)(Feb 11) (Aug 14)
3. Caries susceptibility test (Aug 05)
4. Caries vaccine (Aug 06) (Feb 08) (Aug 08) (Aug 13)
5. Host factors in dental caries (Oct 03)
6. Rampant caries (Apr 96)
7. Role of community in prevention of dental caries (Apr 03)
8. Snyder’s test (Aug 10) (Feb 13) (Feb 15)
9. DC levels of prevention (Aug 04)

Chapter 13: Periodontal Disease

ESSAY:

1. Describe the role of agent, host and environmental factors in the epidemiology of periodontal disease.
Describe the preventive strategies of Periodontal diseases among Indian population. (Apr 93)(Feb 11) (Feb
12)
2. Prevalence - Define. Discuss the factors affecting the prevalence and severity of periodontal diseases in
India. (Oct 96)[refer pg 53 ofsoben peter for prevalence]

SHORT NOTES:

1. Agent factors in periodontal disease(Feb 06) (Feb 06)

2. Bass technique (Oct 91)
3. Brushing techniques (Aug 11)
4. Chemical plaque control (Oct 97) (Aug 13) (Aug 14)
5. Disclosing agents (Oct 91) (Oct 96) (Aug 04) (Aug 05) (Aug 06)
6. Flossing (Apr 93) (Feb 09)
7. Interdental aids (Apr 03) (Aug 10)
8. Modified bass technique (Feb 09)
9. Mouth rinses (Apr 01) (Aug 07)
10. Plaque control (Nov 01) (Oct 03) (Aug 04) (Feb 10) (Feb 14)
11. Preventive oral aids (Oct 91)
Chapter 14: Oral Cancer
ESSAY:

1. Describe the appropriate measures to prevent oral diseases in India. (Aug 09)
2. Precancerous lesion – Define and enumerate. Describe the prevalence of cancerous and precancerous lesions
in India. (Oct 97)
3. Tumour - Define. Write in detail the epidemiological triad of oral cancer. (Feb 06)

SHORT NOTES:

1. Oral precancerous lesions (Apr 96) (Feb 09)

2. Prevention of oral cancer (Apr 93) (Nov 01) (Aug 05) (Feb 06) (Aug 11) (Feb 14)
3. Risk factors for oral cancer (Oct 96)
4. Role of tobacco in cancer (Oct 96)
5. Screening for cancer (Feb 11)
6. Tobacco cessation (Aug 13)

Chapter 15: Malocclusion

SHORT NOTES:

1. Prevention of malocclusion (Sep 02)

2. Interceptive orthodontics (Aug 05)
3. Preventive orthodontics (Aug 05)
4. Serial extraction (Feb 14)
5. Thumb sucking(Apr 03)

Chapter 16: Planning and Evaluation

1. Evaluation – Define. Discuss in detail the various types of evaluation. (Apr 03) (Feb 15)
2. Planning- define. Write in detail about the various steps in planning (Feb 13)

SHORT NOTES:

1. Evaluation (Oct 97) (Oct 00) (Aug 04) (Feb 06) (Feb 11) (Feb 12) (Feb 14)
2. Planning (Oct 03) (Feb 05) (Feb 06) (Feb 07) (Feb 12)
3. Planning cycle(Oct 97) (Aug 09)
4. Stages of planning (Aug 10)
Chapter 17: Survey Procedures in Dentistry
1. Define survey. Describe the procedure of assessing dental caries status in India using pathfinder survey. (Apr
01)
2. Define survey. Describe the step by step procedure of conducting survey of school children of a village to
assess their dental caries. (Apr 96)
3. Survey - Define. Mention various scientific methods in dental survey procedures. (Apr 95) (Oct 98) (Feb 07)
4. Survey - Define. What are the different types of oral health surveys. Write in detail the procedures, steps in
conducting an oral health survey in a rural area. (Oct 98) (Oct 99) (Apr 00) (Nov 01) (Feb 10)
5. Survey- define. Describe in detail the protocol and conduct of survey (Aug 13)
6. Write a protocol for conducting a survey to assess the oral health status of mentally handicapped children in
Chennai. (Aug 05)

SHORT NOTES:
1. Calibration (Apr 96) (Oct 98)
2. Pathfinder survey (Apr 96) (Oct 96) (Oct 98) (Apr 00) (Oct 00) (Apr 03) (Feb 05)(Aug 08) (Feb 09) (Aug
09)
3. Survey (Aug 04) (Feb 14)
4. Pilot study (Oct 96) (Oct 97) (Apr 98) (Feb 05)
5. Screening (Nov 01) (Aug 05) (Feb 06) (Feb 10) (Feb 13)

Chapter 18: Indices in Dental Epidemiology

1. Index – Define, ideal requirements. Add note on different dental caries indices. (Apr 00)
2. Index – Define. Ideal requirements. Describe the CPITN with its objectives, scoring system, advantages and
limitations. (Oct 97) (Aug 07) (Feb 14)
3. Russell’s periodontal index. (Feb 05)
4. Write an essay on indices used in periodontal disease. (Oct 96) russells; periodontal dz index; plaque
component of periodontal dz index; calculus component of pdi; cpi; cpitn

SHORT NOTES:
1. Calculus component of Ramjford index (Oct 96)
2. Caries index for deciduous teeth (Apr 98)
3. CPITN (Oct 99) (Apr 01) (Aug 04) (Feb 05) (Feb 06) (Aug 10)
4. Dean’s index (Apr 95) (Apr 96) (Oct 97) (Apr 00) (Aug 06)
5. DMFT (Apr 93) (Apr 93) (Sep 02) (Feb 14)
6. Gingival bone count index (Oct 97) (Oct 97)
7. Green and Vermillion index-- OHI (Apr 95)
8. Ideal requirements of index (Oct 99)
9. Loe and silness index(Oct 00)
10. Oral hygiene index simplified(Feb 05) (Aug 06) (Aug 07) (Aug 12)
11. Russell’s periodontal index (Oct 91) (Oct 98) (Feb 08)
Chapter 19: Dental Manpower
1. Dental Auxillaries - Define. Write in detail the various operating and non-operation auxillaries. (Feb 05)(Aug
06) (Feb 15)
2. Dental auxillary - Define. Discuss in detail the role of dental auxillaries in reducing the unmet backlog of
dental needs of the public. (Oct 97) (Apr 00) (Feb 05)
3. Dental auxillary – Define and classify them. Describe the functions of any two common auxillary personnel.
Describe the functions of different types of dental auxillaries. (Apr 99) (Sep 02) (Apr 03)
4. Dental manpower – Define. Describe the dental manpower status in India. (Oct 97)

SHORT NOTES:
1. Auxillaries (Apr 95) (Apr 96) (Oct 97) (Aug 07) (Feb 08) (Feb 12)
2. Dental hygienist (Oct 03) (Feb 09)
3. Dental man power (Oct 96)
4. Dental therapist (Apr 01)
5. Dental licenciate (Apr 93)
6. EFDA (Aug 05) (Feb 06) Expanded Functions Dental Assistant (EFDA)
7. New cross auxillary (Apr 93) (Apr 01)
8. New Zealand dental nurse (Apr 00) (Nov 01) (Apr 03)
9. Non operating dental auxillaries (Oct 00)
10. Role of computers in dental practice (Feb 05)
11. Role of dental technicians (Oct 96) (Oct 97) (Apr 98)
12. School dental nurse (Nov 01) (Feb 10)

Chapter 20: School Oral Health Program

1. Describe in detail the standard norms and programs involves in planning and implementing a school dental
health program. (Aug 05)
2. Describe school dental health program and add a note on the concept of incremental dental care. (Apr 01)
3. Health, dental health and public health - define. Prepare a TV talk for improving oral and dental health for
school children. (Apr 99) (Nov 01) (Sep 02) (Aug 07)
4. Planning - Define. How will you plan a school dental health program. (Aug 06) (Aug 12)
5. Write in detail about a comprehensive preventive dentistry program for a primary school in rural area. (Aug
08)
6. School water fluoridation (Oct 96) (Oct 97)

SHORT NOTES:
1. ASKOV dental health education (Apr 95) (Apr 99)
2. Comprehensive dental care (Aug 04) (Aug 11)
3. Dental health education (Apr 95)
4. Incremental dental care (Apr 93) (Apr 96) (Oct 98) (Apr 01) (Aug 09) (Aug 14) (Feb 15)
5. School dental health program (Feb 05) (Aug 08) (Aug 09)
6. SHARP (Feb 15)
7. Tattletooth program (Apr 03) (Aug 10)
8. THETA (Apr 03) (Feb 11)
Chapter 21: Finance in Dental Care
1. Describe in detail the various mechanisms of payment of dental care. (Nov 01) (Aug 06) (Aug 13)
2. Finance- what are various methods of finance in dental care? (Aug 14)

SHORT NOTES:
1. CGHS (Apr 03)
2. Co insurance (Oct 96) (Apr 98) (Oct 99)
3. Delta dental plans (Oct 00) (Oct 00) (Feb 15)
4. Dental service corporation (Apr 01)
5. Group practice (Apr 96) (Aug 13)
6. Insurance for dental care (Oct 03) (Aug 05)
7. Payment (Apr 95)
8. Pre payment plans (Oct 99)
9. Private third part pre payment plan (Aug 12)
10. Third party payment (Aug 09)

Chapter 22: Fluorides

ESSAY
1. Classify systemic fluoride and write in detail about systemic fluorides. (Apr 03) (Feb 05)
2. Community water fluoridation - Requirements and the requirements of the community water fluoridation.
What are the mechanics of water fluoridation? (Oct 97) (Oct 98)
3. Define water fluoridation. Discuss the feasibility of systemic fluoridation in India. (Apr 96) (Feb 05)
4. Dental fluorosis - Define. What are the various methods of fluoride supplementation and defluoridation. (Feb
07)
5. Describe the benefits and the ill effects of fluoride in the community. (Apr 93)
6. Fluoride dentrifices – advantages and disadvantages. (Apr 91)
7. Fluoride is a double edged weapon in dentistry. Discuss and describe in detail. (Apr 98)
8. Name all the topical fluorides and describe in detail the mechanism of action of fluorides. (Oct 98) (Feb 08)

SHORT NOTES:
1. Acute fluoride toxicity and management (Feb 13)
2. Brudevold solution (Oct 98)
3. Community water fluoridation (Aug 04) (Aug 12)
4. Defluoridation of water(Aug 05) (Aug 05) (Feb 09) (Aug 14)
5. Dental fluorosis (Apr 98) (Oct 03) (Aug 08)
6. Fluoride varnishes (Apr 99) (Aug 04) (Feb 05) (Aug 09) (Feb 10)
7. H. T. Dean (Oct 98)
8. Knutson’s technique (Apr 96) (Apr 96) (Apr 01) (Feb 05) (Feb 09) (Aug 09)
9. Mechanism of action of fluoride (Apr 01)
10. Nalagonda technique (Oct 99) (Apr 03) (Oct 03) (Aug 08) (Aug 10)
11. Newburgh Kingston study (Apr 93)
12. Salt fluoridation (Sep 02)
13. Shoe leather survey (Nov 01) (Aug 10)
14. Systemic fluoridation (Nov 01) (Feb 11)
15. Topical fluoride (Oct 97) (Sep 02) (Oct 03) (Feb 12) (Feb 15)
16. Toxicity of fluorides (Oct 00) (Aug 11) (Feb 14)
Chapter 23: Pit & Fissure sealants
SHORT NOTES:

1. Fissure sealants (Apr 99)

2. Pit and Fissure sealants (Feb 08) (Aug 11) (Feb 13)
3. Topical sealants (Feb 10)

Chapter 24: ART

Chapter 25: Research Methodology and Biostatistics

1. Biostatistics - Define and describe the uses if biostatistics in dental public health. (Apr 93)
2. Data – Define. Give an account of types, methods of collection and presentation of statistical data (Oct 97)
3. Sample – Define. Give broad classification of samples. State with reasons which is the ideal sample and
describe the method of selection of the same. (Oct 96)

SHORT NOTES:
1. Frequency distributions (Apr 93) (Oct 96) (Oct 97)
2. Measures of central tendency (Oct 98) (Sep 02) (Sep 02) (Apr 03) (Oct 03) (Oct 03) (Feb 05) (Feb 10) (Aug
10)
3. Measures of dispersion (Nov 01) (Aug 05) (Feb 06) (Feb 11) (Aug 14)
4. Normal curve (Oct 96) (Oct 98) (Nov 01) (Aug 04) (Feb 05) (Aug 05) (Aug 09) (Aug 11)
5. Pictogram (Oct 96) (Oct 97) (Apr 98)
6. Pie Chart (Oct 03) (Aug 08)
7. Random sample (Oct 96) (Aug 05)
8. Sample (Oct 97) (Apr 98) (Sep 02) (Oct 03) (Aug 04)
9. Sampling methods (Apr 99) (Feb 06) (Feb 06)
10. Standard deviation (Oct 97) (Oct 97) (Apr 98)
11. Stratified sampling (Apr 96) (Feb 15)
12. Tests of significance (Oct 00) (Feb 14)

Chapter 26: Occupational Hazards

Chapter 27: Infection Control in Dentistry

SHORT NOTES:

1. Cross infection in dentistry. (Feb 06) (Feb 06)

2. Sanitary barrier (Apr 96) (Apr 96)
3. Hand wash (Aug 13)

Chapter 28: Establishing & Maintaining a Dental Office

SHORT NOTES:

1. Location for dental practice (Apr 01)

2. Setting up a dental clinic(Feb 08)
Chapter 29: Mobile Dental Clinics
Chapter 30: Health Economics
Chapter 31: Case History
1. Types of oral examination (Feb 13)
2. Bite wing X rays (Oct 91)
3. Case history (Feb 14)
UNKNOWN
1. Individual and community negligence (Oct 96)
2. Expanded immunization scheme (Aug 13)
3. Factors influencing oral health care (Aug 12)
4. Providing dental care to the handicapped children. (Feb 05) (Aug 07)
5. Management of handicapped patients in dental practice (Aug 12)
6. Sector diagram(Apr 96)
7.