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    PS Exponential and Logarithmic Curve Fitti

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    PS Exponential and Logarithmic Curve Fitti

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    PS_EXPONENTIAL_AND_LOGARITHMIC_CURVE_FITTI

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    PS Exponential and Logarithmic Curve Fitti

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    of 3

    New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2022)

    Subject Name: Probability and Statistics


    Subject Code: 3130006

    CHAPTER NO- 5: CURVE FITTING BY THE


    NUMERICAL METHODS
    TOPIC:4 FITTING OF MORE GENERAL CURVES
    (EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC CURVES)
    SHORT QUESTIONS
    1 Write the normal equations for the curve 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑒 𝑏𝑥 [NLJIET] 1

    Solution:

    The curve to be fitted is 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑒 𝑏𝑥

    ∴ log𝑒 𝑦 = log 𝑒 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥

    𝑌 = 𝐴 + 𝐵𝑥 … (1)

    Where 𝑌 = log 𝑒 𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴 = log 𝑒 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = 𝑏

    Normal Equations:

    ∑ 𝒀 = 𝒏𝑨 + 𝑩 ∑ 𝒙 …(2)

    ∑ 𝒙 𝒀 = 𝑨 ∑ 𝒙 + 𝑩 ∑ 𝒙𝟐 … (𝟑)

    2 Write the normal equations for the curve 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑏 𝑥 [NLJIET] 1


    Solution:
    The curve to be fitted is 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑏 𝑥

    ∴ log𝑒 𝑦 = log 𝑒 𝑎 + 𝑥 log𝑒 𝑏

    𝑌 = 𝐴 + 𝐵𝑋 … (1)

    Where 𝑌 = log 𝑒 𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴 = log 𝑒 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = 𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋 = 𝑥

    Normal Equations:

    ∑ 𝒀 = 𝒏𝑨 + 𝑩 ∑ 𝑿 …(2)

    ∑ 𝑿𝒀 = 𝑨 ∑ 𝑿 + 𝑩 ∑ 𝑿𝟐 … (𝟑)

    Probability and Statistics (3130006) 2022 Page 1


    New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2022)

    DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
    1 The population (𝑝) of a small community on the outskirts of a city grows rapidly over a 7
    20−year period:
    t 0 5 10 15 20
    p 100 200 450 950 2000
    As an engineer working for a utility company, you must forecast the population 5 years into
    the future in order to anticipate the demand for power. Employ an exponential model and
    linear regression to make this prediction. (Mar-2021-NEW) [NLJIET]
    Solution:
    The curve to be fitted is
    𝑝 = 𝑎𝑒 𝑏𝑡
    ∴ log𝑒 𝑝 = log𝑒 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑡
    𝑃 = 𝐴 + 𝑏𝑡 … (1)
    Where 𝑃 = log 𝑒 𝑝 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴 = log 𝑒 𝑎
    Normal Equations:
    ∑ 𝑷 = 𝒏𝑨 + 𝒃 ∑ 𝒕 …(2)

    ∑ 𝑷𝒕 = 𝑨 ∑ 𝒕 + 𝒃 ∑ 𝒕𝟐 … (𝟑)

    t p 𝑷 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒆 𝒑 𝒕𝑷 𝒕𝟐

    0 100 4.6052 0 0

    5 200 5.2983 26.4916 25

    10 450 6.1092 61.0925 100

    15 950 6.8565 102.8469 225

    20 2000 7.6009 152.0108 400

    50 30.4701 342.4490 750

    Substituting the values in equations (2) and (3),

    30.4701 = 5A + 50 b…(4)

    342.4490 = 50A + 750b …(5)

    Solving these two equations, we get b = 0.15

    𝐴 = 4.594 ∴ 𝑎 = 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝐴) = 98.89

    Required equation is

    𝑝 = 𝑎𝑒 𝑏𝑡 = 98.89𝑒 0.15𝑡

     When t = 25,

    𝑝 = 98.89 𝑒 0.15×25 ≈ 4205

    Probability and Statistics (3130006) 2022 Page 2


    New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2022)

    2 Fit a curve 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑒 𝑏𝑥 for the following data: (Feb-2022-NEW) [NLJIET] 4


    x 1 2 3 4
    y 7 11 17 27
    Solution:
    The curve to be fitted is 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑒 𝑏𝑥

    ∴ log𝑒 𝑦 = log 𝑒 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥

    𝑌 = 𝐴 + 𝑏𝑥 … (1)

    Where 𝑌 = log 𝑒 𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴 = log 𝑒 𝑎

    Normal Equations:

    ∑ 𝒀 = 𝒏𝑨 + 𝒃 ∑ 𝒙 …(2)

    ∑ 𝒙 𝒀 = 𝑨 ∑ 𝒙 + 𝒃 ∑ 𝒙𝟐 … (𝟑)

    x y 𝒀 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒆 𝒚 𝒙𝒀 𝒙𝟐

    1 7 1.9459 1.9459 1

    2 11 2.3978 4.7958 4

    3 17 2.8332 8.4996 9

    4 27 3.2958 13.1832 16

    10 62 10.4727 28.4245 30

    Substituting the values in equations (2) and (3),

    10.4727 = 4A + 10 b…(4)

    28.4245= 10A + 30 b …(5)

    Solving these two equations,


    2𝐴 = 2.9939 ⇒ 𝐴 = 1.4970

    we get b = 0.4485

    ∴ 𝑎 = 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝐴) = 4.4683

    Required equation is 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑒 𝑏𝑥 = (4.4683 )𝑒 0.4485 𝑥

    Probability and Statistics (3130006) 2022 Page 3

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