Syllabus M.

Tech (Embedded System& IoT)

First Semester

EC-5001 Advanced Digital Design L-T-P-C:3-0-0-3

Course objective:
 To learn how to design digital systems, from specification and simulation to construction and
debugging.
 To learn techniques and tools for programmable logic design
 To understand the limitations and difficulties in modern digital design, including wiring constraints,
high-speed, etc.
 To design, construct, test, and debug a moderate-scale digital circuit.

Module I

Combinational Logic Design: Combinational-Circuit Synthesis, Programmed Minimization Methods,

Timing Hazards, Circuit Timing, Decoders, Encoders, Three-State Devices, Multiplexers, Exclusive-OR
Gates and Parity Circuits, Comparators, Adders, Subtractors, ALUs, Combinational Multipliers

Module II –

Sequential Logic Design: Bistable Elements, Latches and Flip-Flops, Counters, Shift Registers, Clocked
Synchronous State, Machine Analysis and Design, Designing State Machines Using State Diagrams,
State-Machine Synthesis Using Transition Lists, State-Machine Design Example, Decomposing State
Machines, Feedback Sequential Circuits, Feedback Sequential-Circuit Design

Module III

Computer-aided design: Overview of Digital Design with Verilog HDL, Hierarchical Modeling
Concepts, Basic Concepts, Modules and Ports, Gate Level Modeling, Dataflow Modeling, Behavioral
Modeling, Tasks and Functions, Useful Modeling Techniques, Timing and Delays, User Defined
Primitives, Logic Synthesis with Verilog HDL, Testbenches for verification of HDL models, Tools for
mapping to PLDs and FPGAs

Module IV - Memory, FPGAs and ASICs: MOSFETs, FPGAs Integrated circuits Circuit boards, High-
speed circuits, controlling impedances Read-Only Memory, Read/Write Memory, Static RAM, Dynamic
RAM, Complex Programmable Logic Devices, Field-Programmable Gate Arrays, Types of ASICs, ASIC
Design flow, Economics of ASICs.

Course Outcome:
Upon Completion of the course, the students will be able to:
 Design digital circuits and subsystems using Verilog HDL.
 Have basic understanding of Memory, CPLDs, FPGAs and ASICs.
 Design dynamic architectures using FPGA’s.
 Implement, Design and develop embedded system using EDA tools

Text Book:
1. M.J.S. Smith, “Application Specific Integrated Circuits”, 2nd Edition, Pearson, 2016.
2. Peter Ashenden, “Digital Design using VHDL”, 3rd Edition Elsevier, 2017.
Reference Book:
1. W.Wolf, “FPGA based system design”, 3rd EditionPearson, 2014.
2. Clive Maxfield, “The Design Warriors’s Guide to FPGAs”, 1st Edition Elsevier, 2014

EC-5101 Advanced Digital Design Lab L-T-P-C:0-0-3-2

List of Experiments:
1. Tutorials on Software and FPGA Board
2. Design of CMOS Inverter, and basic Digital circuit using Verilog (e.g. Subtractor, Counter and
ALU)
3. Implement programme Package sorter, Parking Meter and Traffic Light Controller.
4. Design Snake Game using Verilog Interfacing with PS/2 Keyboard and VGA display
5. Design Stack Calculator Using Block RAMs on FPGAs
6. Design MIPS Processor and Memory BIST
7. Design Bowling Score Keeper to realize State machines, logic design
8. Project

EC-5003 Embedded Processors and Microcontrollers L-T-P-C:3-0-0-3

Course objective:
 Understand architecture and advanced features of embedded processors and microcontrollers.
 Understand PIC/ARM processor registers, instruction pipeline, interrupts and architecture.
 Learn about instructions, addressing modes, conditional instructions and programming of advanced
embedded processors and microcontrollers.

Module I

Embedded and Microcontroller Concepts: Introduction to embedded processors, Application Areas,

Categories of embedded processors, Hardware architecture, Software architecture, Application software,
Communication software, Introduction to Harvard & Von Neuman architectures, CISC & RISC
Architectures.

Module II

PIC Microcontrollers: Introduction to PIC microcontrollers, architecture and memory organization,

registers, I/O ports, interrupts, timer, instruction sets, PIC programming in assembly and C, Sensor
interfacing, motor control, SPI bus protocols.

Module III

ARM: ARM design philosophy, data flow model and core architecture, registers, program status register,
instruction pipeline, interrupts and vector table, operating modes and ARM processor families.

Instruction Sets: Data processing instructions, addressing modes, branch, load, store instructions, PSR
instructions, and conditional instructions.

Module IV

Raspberry Pi: Raspberry Pi board and its processor, Programming the Raspberry Pi using Python,
Communication facilities on Raspberry Pi (I2C,SPI, UART), Interfacing of sensors and actuators.

Module V

Intel Galileo or Edison microprocessors for Embedded System and IoT.

Course outcome:
Upon Completion of the course, the students will be able to:
 Understand architecture, instruction set and programming of advanced embedded processors and
controllers.
 Work with suitable microprocessor / microcontroller for a specific real world application.

Text Book:
1. Muhammod Ali Mazidi, Rolin D. Mckinlay & Danny Sansey, “PIC Microcontroller and Embeded
System SPI, UART using Assembly & C for PICI8,” Pearson International Edition, 2008.
2. A. N. Sloss, D. Symes, and C. Wright, "ARM System Developer's Guide: Designing and
Optimizing System Software", Elsevier, 2008
3. S. Monk, “Programming the Raspberry Pi” McGraw-Hill Education, 2013
Reference Book:
1. John .B.Peatman , “Design with PIC Microcontroller”, Prentice Hall, 1997.
2. Steave Furber, “ARM system-on-chip architecture”, Addison Wesley, 2000.

EC-5103 Embedded Processors & Microcontroller LAB L-T-P-C:0-0-3-2

Experiments related to programming and interfacing of PIC/ARM/Raspberry Pi with LED, LCD,

Keyboard, Temperature Sensor, DC Motor Control, Stepper Motors, Set up of file server, Creation of a
wireless access point and projects related to Traffic light controller, Digital weather station, and Keyboard
control robot.

HS-5001 Research Methodology & IPR L-T-P-C:3-0-0-3

Course objective:
 Present research methodology and the technique of defining a research problem.
 Learn the meaning of interpretation, techniques of interpretation, precautions is to be taken in
interpretation for research process,
 Application of statistical methods in research
 Learn intellectual property rights and its constituents.
Module I

Introduction to research, Definitions and characteristics of research, Types of Research, Research Process,
Problem definition, Objectives of Research, Research Questions, Research design, Quantitative vs.
Qualitative Approach, Building and Validating Theoretical Models, Exploratory vs. Confirmatory
Research, Experimental vs. Theoretical Research, Importance of reasoning in research.

Module II

Problem Formulation, Understanding Modeling & Simulation, Literature Review, Referencing,

Information Sources, Information Retrieval, Indexing and abstracting services, Citation indexes,
Development of Hypothesis, Measurement Systems Analysis, Error Propagation, Validity of experiments,
Statistical Design of Experiments,Data/Variable Types & Classification, Data collection, Numerical and
Graphical Data Analysis: Sampling, Observation,Interpretation of Results.

Module III

Statistics: Probability & Sampling distribution, Estimation, Measures of centralTendency, Arithmetic

mean, Median, Mode, Standard deviation, Co-efficient of variation (Discrete serious and continuous
serious), Hypothesis testing & application, Correlation & regression analysis, Orthogonal array, ANOVA,
Standard error, Concept of point and interval estimation, Level of significance, Degree of freedom,
Analysis of variance, One way and two way classified data, ‘F’-test.

Module IV

Preparation of Dissertation and Research Papers, Tables and illustrations, Guidelines for writing the
abstract, introduction, methodology, results and discussion, conclusion sections of a manuscript.
References, Citation and listing system of documents.

Module V

Intellectual property rights (IPR) - patents-copyrights-Trademarks-Industrial design geographical

indication. Ethics of Research- Scientific Misconduct- Forms of Scientific Misconduct. Plagiarism,
Unscientific practices in thesis work, Ethics in science.

Course outcome:
 Design and formulation of research problem.
 Analyze research related information and statistical methods in research.
 Carry out research problem individually in a perfect scientific method
 Understand the filing patent applications- processes, Patent search,and various tools of IPR, Copyright,
and Trademarks.

Text Book:
1. K. S. Bordens, and B. B.Abbott, , “Research Design and Methods – A Process Approach”, 8th
Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2011
2. C. R. Kothari, “Research Methodology – Methods and Techniques”, 2nd Edition, New Age
 International Publishers
3. Douglas C. Montgomary&George C. Runger, Applied Statistics &probabilityfor Engineers, 3 rd
edition,2007,Wiley
4. Robert P. Merges, Peter S. Menell, Mark A. Lemley, “Intellectual Property in New Technological
Age”. Aspen Law & Business; 6th edition July 2012
Reference Book:
1. Michael P. Marder,“ Research Methods for Science”, Cambridge University Press, 2011
2. T. Ramappa, “Intellectual Property Rights Under WTO”, S. Chand, 2008.
3. G.W. Snedecor and W.G. Cochrans, Lowa,Statistical Methods, state UniversityPress,1967.
4. Davis, M., Davis K., and Dunagan M., “Scientific Papers and Presentations”, 3rd Edition,
Elsevier Inc.

Second Semester
EC-5002 Embedded OS & Device Drivers L-T-P-C:3-0-0-3

Course objective:
 To learn embedded system architecture.
 Study in detail process management and memory management.
 To learn Real Time Operating system principles and its components.
 Study in detail Linux kernel and Linux files systems.
 Study in detail device drivers.

Module I

Overview Of Embedded Systems: Embedded System Architecture fundamentals. Hardware and

Software abstraction models.

Module II

Operating Systems Overview: Operating Systems fundamentals- Process Creation – Scheduling -

Memory Management - Inter Process Synchronization –Inter Process Communication.

Module III

Embedded Operating Systems: Embedded OS overview, Study of Embedded OS principles and

requirements. Internal components of Embedded operating systems - Compare and contrast various
Embedded OS platforms.

Module IV

Introduction to Device Drivers:Unix/Linux kernel fundamentals-Process Scheduling - Kernel

Synchronization, I/O devices - Architecture - Character, Block Device handling, file systems - The Ext2
file System - The Virtual File System and peripheral devices, Linux file system.
Module V

Device Driver Internals: Fundamentals of device drivers-Character and Block Devices - Polling and
Interrupts - The Hardware, device enumeration and configuration, Data transfer and management
mechanisms.

Course Outcome:
On completion of the course, student will be able to
 Gain adequate understanding of the software architecture of the Embedded OS.
 Develop simple applications for Process Management, Synchronization Techniques, Message
Passing, POSIX based application development.
 Describe the Linux Kernel environment; build system, kernel configuration, customization and
compilation.
 Set up a Linux environment with basic understanding of kernel programming concepts like
Module. Programming and Device Drivers.
 Develop a character driver on x86 PCs and ARM based Linux Environments.
 Understand cross tooling environments and be exposed to development of device drivers for a
target hardware platform.
Text/ Reference Book:
1. Charles Crowley," Operating Systems: A Design-Oriented Approach", MGH, 1st Edition, 2001.
2. Christopher Hallinan, "Embedded Linux Primer: A practical Real-World approach", Prentice
Hall, 2nd Edition, 2011.
3. Daniel P. Bovet and Marco Cesati, "Understanding the Linux Kernel, O'Reilly, 3rd Edition, 2005.
4. John Madieu, "Linux Device Drivers Development: Develop customized drivers for embedded
Linux", Packt Publishing, 1st Edition, 2017.
5. Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, Greg Kroah, "Linux Device Drivers", O'Reilly, 3rd Edition,
2005.

EC-5102 Embedded OS & Device Drivers Lab L-T-P-C:0-0-3-2

List of Experiments:
1. Task management and Software timers.
2. Real-time message queues, semaphores, and mutexs.
3. Process management and Thread management.
4. Scheduling policies and preemptions.
5. Embedded Linux Development environment set-up.
6. Linux Kernel configuration.
7. Building Embedded Linux Device Trees.
8. Linux Kernel Modules and Device model.
9. Sysfs, Char device / drivers.
10. Platform device/driver.

EC-5004 IoT Sensors & Actuators L-T-P-C:3-0-0-3

Course Objective: Internet of Things (IoT) is presently a hot technology worldwide. Government,
academia, and industry are involved in different aspects of research, implementation, and business with
IoT. IoT cuts across different application domain verticals ranging from civilian to defence sectors. These
domains include agriculture, space, healthcare, manufacturing, construction, water, and mining, which are
presently transitioning their legacy infrastructure to support IoT. Today it is possible to envision pervasive
connectivity, storage, and computation, which, in turn, gives rise to building different IoT solutions. IoT-
based applications such as innovative shopping system, infrastructure management in both urban and rural
areas, remote health monitoring and emergency notification systems, and transportation systems, are
gradually relying on IoT based systems. Therefore, it is very important to learn the fundamentals of this
emerging technology.

Module I

Introduction to IoT, Sensing, Actuation, Basics of Networking, Basics of Networking, Communication

Protocols

Module II

The Architecture of IoT : RFID Story, Opportunities for IoT, Some interesting IoT projects\
Architecture of IoT. The Web of Things: Linked data- value is greatest when linked, Enterprise data –
shared v. public v. private, Importance of security, privacy and authenticity Standards, Web of Things
layer – driver for IOT systems

Lessons from the Internet: Is the Internet the right technology to hook together a network of things? The
key lessons that our experience with the Internet teaches us about a future of things. A focus on network
management, security, mobility and longevity. The desirable features of a distributed architecture for a
system of things.

Module III

Network Connectivity for IoT: A simplified IoT network architecture, Room/body-are networks:
Bluetooth Low Energy, Extending communication range, Data Processing and Storage: Managing high
rate sensor data, Processing data streams, Data consistency in an intermittently connected or disconnected
environment, Identifying outliers and anomalies. Localization: Localization algorithms, Indoor
localization, Localization for mobile systems, Applications.

Module IV
Security in IoT: Why is security for IoT so hard?, Threat models, Defensive strategies and examples
HCI in an IoT World: Theory and applications of spoken dialogue for human-computer interaction,
Combining speech with other modalities for natural interaction, Considerations for multilingual
interactions, Paralinguistic information from speech for enhanced HCI, Future challenges for ubiquitous
speech interfaces. Robotics and Autonomous Vehicles: Potential benefits of self-driving vehicles and
service robots, Sensing and data processing, Simultaneous mapping and localization, Levels of autonomy,
Future research challenge

Module V
Application: Beyond IoT - Ubiquitous Sensing and Human Experience: Emerging Descriptive data
standards for IoT and sensors, Immersive visualization of diverse sensor data using game engines (part of
IoT’s ‘control panel’), Wearable sensing for IoT (future user interfaces for IoT - new ways to control and
interact with your environment), Sensors and paradigms for seamless Interaction with the Built
Environment (lighting, heating, etc.), Smart Tools for IoT, Smart, sensate materials
Wireless Technologies for Indoor Localization, Smart Homes, and Smart Health:Smart health, Home
automation, Location tracking.
Smart Cities: The city as a cyber physical system, Principles of cybernetics: sensing and actuating,
Collection of information: opportunistic sensing (a), Collection of information: crowd sensing (b),
Collection of information: ad hoc sensing (c), Response of the system: analytics and optimization,
Response of the system: distributed action, people as intelligent actuators, Price of anarchy, Hacking the
city: the risk for cyber attacks in centralized and distributed systems, Smart city equals Smart Citizens

Course outcome: This course will provide students with a strong background in IOT enabling them to
contribute to research and development for the emerging high speed and wireless information
infrastructure.

Text Book:
1. Samuel Greengard “The Internet of Things” MIT Press Essential Knowledge Series, 2015, ASIN:
B00VB719VS
2. Peter Waher “Learning Internet of Things”, Packt Publishing, 2015, ISBN: 1783553537

EC-5104 IoT Sensors & Actuators LAB L-T-P-C:0-0-3-2

IoT Sensor & Actuators lab experiment:

1. Study and Install Python in Eclipse and WAP for data types in python.
2. Write a Program for arithmetic operation in Python.
3. Write a Program for looping statement in Python.
4. Study and Install IDE of Arduino and different types of Arduino.
5. Write program using Arduino IDE for Blink LED.
6. Write Program for RGB LED using Arduino.
7. Study the Temperature sensor and Write Program foe monitor temperature using Arduino.
8. Study and Implement RFID, NFC using Arduino.
9. Study and implement MQTT protocol using Arduino.
10. Study and Configure Raspberry Pi.
11. WAP for LED blink using Raspberry Pi.
12. Study and Implement Zigbee Protocol using Arduino / Raspberry Pi.

HS-5002 Professional and Communication Skills L-T-P-C:2-1-0-3

Course objectives:
 To enable students to develop effective Language and Communication Skills
  To enhance students’ Personal and Professional skills.

Module I

Personal Interaction: Introducing Oneself-one’s career goals, Activity: SWOT Analysis, Interpersonal
Interaction: Interpersonal Communication with the team leader and colleagues at the workplace, Activity:
Role Plays/Mime/Skit, Social Interaction: Use of Social Media, Social Networking, gender challenges,
Activity: Creating LinkedIn profile, blogs.

Module II

Résumé Writing: Identifying job requirement and key skills Activity: Prepare an Electronic Résumé,
Interview Skills: Placement/Job Interview, Group Discussions, Activity: Mock Interview and mock group
discussion.

Module III

Report Writing: language and Mechanics of Writing, Study Skills: Note making, Interpreting skills:
Interpret data in tables and graphs, Activity: Transcoding

Module IV

Presentation Skills: Oral Presentation using Digital Tools, Activity: Oral presentation on the given topic
using appropriate non-verbal cues, Problem Solving Skills: Problem Solving & Conflict Resolution,
Activity: Case Analysis of a Challenging Scenario.

Text Book:

1. Bhatnagar Nitinand Mamta Bhatnagar, Communicative English For Engineers And Professionals,
2010, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd

Refrence Book:

1. Jon Kirkman and Christopher Turk, Effective Writing: Improving Scientific, Technical and
Business Communication, 2015, Routledge.
2. Diana Bairaktarova and Michele Eodice, Creative Ways of Knowing in Engineering, 2017,
Springer International Publishing.
3. Clifford A Whitcomb & Leslie E Whitcomb, Effective Interpersonal and Team Communication
Skills for Engineers, 2013, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken: New Jersey.
4. ArunPatil, Henk Eijkman &Ena Bhattacharya, New Media Communication Skills for Engineers
and IT Professionals, 2012, IGI Global, Hershey PA.
 M. Tech (Embedded System& IoT) Electives Syllabus

Electives I/III

EC-5005 Optical Wireless Communication L-T-P-C: 3-1-0-4

Course objective:
 To present the basic principles that underline the analysis and design of optical wireless
communication system.
 To understand the transmitter and receiver design considerations for optical wireless communication.
Course content:

Unit 1: Introduction to optical wireless communication (OWC), optical wireless channels: atmospheric
channel, underwater optical channel, atmospheric losses, weather condition influence, atmospheric
turbulence effects i.e. scintillation, beam spreading, etc. optical wireless communication application
areas, OWC challenges.

Unit 2: Optical wireless transmitter design, transmitter design considerations, optical source
characteristics, optical wireless receiver design, receiver design considerations, photo detection in reverse
biased diodes. choosing the photodetector, receiver noise consideration

Unit 3: Channel modeling: linear time invariant model, channel transfer function, models of turbulence
induced fading such as log-normal turbulence model, exponential, K distribution, gamma distribution,
indoor and outdoor optical wireless communication channel, LOS propagation model, Non-LOS
propagation model, spherical model.

Unit 4: Modulation techniques: analog intensity modulation, digital baseband modulation techniques:
baseband modulations, on–off keying, error performance on Gaussian channels, power efficiency, BW
efficiency, bit versus symbol error rates, different modulation schemes such as M-ary PSK, M-ary QAM,
M-PPM, DPPM, subcarrier modulation, optical polarization shift keying: binary PolSK, bit error rate
analysis.

Unit 5: Detection techniques: direct detection optical receivers, PIN/APD, coherent techniques i.e.
homodyne and heterodyne, bit error rate evaluation in presence of atmospheric turbulence, spatial
diversity receivers, effect of turbulence and weather conditions i.e. drizzle, haze fog on error performance
and channel capacity, MIMO optical wireless channel.

Course outcome: At the end of this course, student will be able to:
 Learn the principles of optical wireless communication (OWC) and the light
transmission through the air, it must contend with a complex and not always
predictable channel - the atmosphere.
 Understand about the modulation and demodulation techniques used in OWC
systems.
 Design transmitter and receiver for OWC link and analyze the link feasibility in terms of error
performance and channel capacity.

Text Book:
1. Z.Ghassemlooy, W.Popoola, S.Rajbhandari, Optical Wireless Communications, CRC Press, 2013.
2. Gerd Keiser, Optical Fiber Communication, 4th Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Ltd., 2008
3. L.C.Andrews, R.L.Phillips, Laser Beam Propagation through Random Media, SPIE Press,USA, 2005.

Reference Book:
1. Matthew N. O. Sadiku, Optical and Wireless Communications”, CRC Press.
2. Steve Hranilovic,Wireless Optical Communication Systems” Springer.

EC-5007 Advanced Digital Image Processing L-T-P-C: 3-1-0-4

Course objective:
 To develop a theoretical foundation of image processing techniques.
 To understand techniques and algorithms to segment / classify/ represent the image.
 To provide analytic skills to process the images with applications.

Course Content:
Unit-I
Digital Image Fundamentals: Elements of Visual Perception; Image Sensing and Acquisition; Image
Sampling and Quantization; Basic Relationships between Pixels; Monochromatic Vision Models; Colour
Vision Models; Colour Fundamentals; Colour Models; Conversion of Colour Models; Colour
Transformations.
Unit-II
Enhancement and Restoration :Introduction; Point Processing - Image Negatives, Log transformations,
Power Law Transformations, Piecewise-Linear Transformation Functions; Arithmetic/Logic Operations -
Image Subtraction, Image Averaging; Histogram Processing - Histogram Equalization, Histogram
Matching; Spatial filtering - Smoothing, Sharpening; Smoothing Frequency Domain Filters - Ideal Low
Pass, Butterworth Low Pass, Gaussian Low Pass; Sharpening Frequency Domain Filters – Ideal High
Pass, Butterworth High Pass, Gaussian High Pass; Model of Image Degradation/Restoration Process;
Noise Models; Inverse Filtering; Geometric Transformations.
Unit-III
Image Analysis and Representation: Introduction; Image Segmentation - Point, Line, Edge, Boundary
Detection; Colour Image Segmentation; Thresholding - Basic Global Thresholding, Multiple
Thresholding, Variable Thresholding; Region Based Segmentation; Representation: Chain codes,
Signatures, Boundary segments, Skeletons, Description: Boundary Descriptors, Regional Descriptors.
Unit-IV
Morphological Processing and Compression:Morphological Image Processing - Logic Operations
involving Binary Images; Dilation and Erosion; Opening and Closing; Hit or Miss Transform, Basic
Morphological Algorithms - Boundary Extraction, Region Filling, Thickening, Thinning; Image
Compression - Compression Model, Huffman Coding, Arithmetic Coding.
Unit-V
Classification and Applications: Object Recognition and Classification, Statistical classification,
Structural /Syntactic Classification, 3D Image Processing, 3D Visualization: Surface rendering, Volume
rendering; Applications: Motion Analysis, Image Fusion, Image Classification.

Course Outcome:
On completion of the course, student will be able to
 Understand the fundamentals of Digital Image Processing.
 Know the Image Enhancement in the Spatial & Frequency Domain and model the noises and
restoration.
 Analyze various and segmentation and representation techniques.
 Analyze various morphological algorithms and compression techniques.
 Understand the various classification techniques.
 Apply classification algorithms for various applications.

Text/ Reference Book:

1. Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods, “Digital Image Processing”, Pearson, 3rd Edition,
2018.
2. Anil K. Jain, “Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing”, PHI Learning Private Limited, New
Delhi, 2002.
3. John C. Russ, “The Image Processing Handbook”, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 6th
Edition, 2011.
4. Geoff Dougherty, “Digital Image Processing for Medical Applications”, Cambridge University
Press, 2009.
5. William K. Pratt, “Digital Image Processing”, John Wiley & Sons, 4th Edition, 2007.

EC-5009 Embedded Control Systems L-T-P-C: 3-1-0-4

Course objective:
 Understand the basics of control systems.
 Understand control theory as used in embedded systems.

Course Content:
Unit-I
Control System Basics: Z-transforms, performance requirements, block diagrams, analysis and design,
sampling theory, difference equations.
Unit-II
Control System Implementation: Discretization method, fixed point mathematics, nonlinear controller
elements, gain scheduling, controller implementation & testing in embedded systems. Case study of
robotic control system.
Unit-III
Input Devices: Keyboard basics, keyboard scanning algorithm, character LCD modules, LCD
module display configuration, time-of-day clock, timer manager, interrupts, interrupt service routines,
interrupt-driven pulse width modulation.
Triangle waves analog vs. digital values , auto port detect, capturing analog information in the timer
interrupt service routine, multiple channel analog to digital data acquisition.
Unit-IV
H Bridge, relay drives, DC/ Stepper Motor control, optical devices.
Unit-V
Sensors: Linear and angular displacement sensors: resistance sensor, induction displacement sensor,
digital optical displacement sensor, pneumatic sensors.
Speed and flow rate sensors: electromagnetic sensors, fluid flow sensor, thermal flow sensor.
Force sensors: piezoelectric sensors, strain gauge sensor, magnetic flux sensor, inductive pressure sensor,
capacitive pressure sensor. Temperature sensors: electrical, thermal expansion, optical.

Course outcome:
Upon Completion of the course, the students will be able to:
 Understand application of control systems in embedded systems.
 Learn I/O devices used in control systems.

Text Book:
1. Jim Ledin, “Embedded control systems in C/C++”, CMP Books, 2004.
2. TimWiscott, “Applied control for embedded systems”, Elsevier Publications, 2006.
Reference Book:
1. Jean J. Labrosse, “Embedded Systems Building Blocks: Complete and Ready-To-Use Modules in C”,
The publisher, Paul Temme, 2011.
2. Ball S.R., “Embedded microprocessor Systems - Real World Design”, Prentice Hall, 2002.
3. Lewin A.R.W. Edwards, “Open source robotics and process control cookbook”, Elsevier Publications,
2005. 6.Ben-Zion Sandler, “Robotics”, Elsevier Publications, 1999.

EC-5011 VLSI Testing & Testability L-T-P-C:3-1-0-4

Course objective:
 To provide an in-depth understanding of the testing and verification of faults affecting VLSI circuits
 To provide a basic idea on fault tolerance after testing.

Course content:
Unit-I
Physical Faults and their modeling; Stuck at Faults, Bridging Faults; Fault collapsing; Fault Simulation:
Deductive, Parallel, and Concurrent Fault Simulation.
Unit-II
ATPG for Combinational Circuits: D-Algorithm, Boolean Differences, PODEM Random, Deterministic
and Weighted Random Test Pattern Generation; Aliasing and its effect on Fault Coverage.
Unit-III
PLA Testing, Cross Point Fault Model and Test Generation.
Unit-IV
Memory Testing- Permanent, Intermittent and Pattern Sensitive Faults, Marching Tests; Delay Faults.
ATPG for Sequential Circuits: Time Frame Expansion; Controllability and Observability Scan Design,
BILBO, Boundary Scan for Board Level Testing; BIST and Totally self-checking circuits.
Unit-V
System Level Diagnosis & repair- Introduction; Concept of Redundancy, Spatial Redundancy, Time
Redundancy, Error Correction Codes. Reconfiguration Techniques; Yield Modeling, Reliability and
effective area utilization.

Course outcome: After completion of the course students will be able to uunderstand testing and
verification related concepts in VLSI circuits.

Text/ Reference Book:

1. Abramovici, M., Breuer, M. A. and Friedman, A. D. Digital systems testing and testable design.
IEEE press (Indian edition available through Jayco Publishing house), 2001.
2. Bushnell and Agarwal, V. D. VLSI Testing. Kluwer.
3. Agarwal, V. D. and Seth, S. C. Test generation for VLSI chips. IEEE computer society press.
4. Hurst, S. L. VLSI testing: Digital and mixed analog/digital techniques. INSPEC/IEE, 1999

CS-5005 IoT Architecture & Computing L-T-P-C:3-1-0-4

Course objective:
 To learn how to design and implement IoT applications that manage big data, streaming data, and/or
distributed data
 To understand Smart Objects and IoT Architectures
 To learn about various IOT-related protocols
 To build simple IoT Systems using Arduino and Raspberry Pi.
 To understand data analytics and cloud in the context of IoT
 To develop IoT infrastructure for popular applications

Module I

Fundamentals of IoT: Evolution of Internet of Things, Enabling Technologies, IoT Architectures:

oneM2M, IoT World Forum (IoTWF) and Alternative IoT models, Simplified IoT Architecture and Core
IoT Functional Stack, Fog, Edge and Cloud in IoT, Functional blocks of an IoT ecosystem, Sensors,
Actuators, Smart Objects and Connecting Smart Objects

Module II

IoT Protocols: IoT Access Technologies: Physical and MAC layers, topology and Security of IEEE
802.15.4, 802.15.4g, 802.15.4e, 1901.2a, 802.11ah and LoRaWAN, Zigbee protocol, Network Layer: IP
versions, Constrained Nodes and Constrained Networks, Optimizing IP for IoT: From 6LoWPAN to 6Lo,
Routing over Low Power and Lossy Networks, Application Transport Methods: Supervisory Control and
Data Acquisition, Application Layer Protocols: CoAP and MQTT

Module III

Design and Development: Design Methodology, Embedded computing logic, Microcontroller, System
on Chips, IoT system building blocks, Arduino–Board details, IDE programming, Raspberry Pi and
Interfaces
Module IV

Data Analytics and Supporting Services: Structured Vs Unstructured Data and Data in Motion Vs Data
in Rest, Role of Machine Learning-No SQL Databases, Hadoop Ecosystem, Apache Kafka, Apache
Spark, Edge Streaming Analytics and Network Analytics, Xively Cloud for IoT, Python Web Application
Framework, Django, AWS for IoT, System Management with NETCONF-YANG, Kibana, Fault-
tolerant data processing on devices

Module V

Case Studies/Industrial Applications:Cisco IoT system, IBM Watson IoT platform, Manufacturing,
Converged Plantwide Ethernet Model (CPwE), Power Utility Industry, GridBlocks Reference Model,
Smart and Connected Cities: Layered architecture, Smart Lighting, Smart Parking Architecture and Smart
Traffic Control

Course outcome: At the end of the course, student will able to

 Describe the term IoT in different contexts.
 Analyze various protocols for IoT.
 Design a PoC of an IoT system using Rasperry Pi/Arduino
 Apply data analytics and use cloud offerings related to IoT.
 Analyze applications of IoT in real time scenario

Text Book:
4. David Hanes, Gonzalo Salgueiro, Patrick Grossetete, Rob Barton and Jerome Henry, IoT
Fundamentals:Networking Technologies, Protocols and Use Cases for Internet of Things, Cisco Press,
2017
5. Arshdeep Bahga, Vijay Madisetti, Internet of Things – A hands-on approach, Universities Press, 2015
Reference Book:
1. Olivier Hersent, David Boswarthick, Omar Elloumi , The Internet of Things – Key applications and
Protocols, Wiley, 2012
2. Jan Holler, Vlasios Tsiatsis, Catherine Mulligan, Stamatis, Karnouskos, Stefan Avesand, DavidBoyle,
From Machine-to-Machine to the Internet of Things –Introduction to a New Age of Intelligence,
Elsevier, 2014.
3. Dieter Uckelmann, Mark Harrison, Michahelles, Florian (Eds), Architecting the Internet of Things,
Springer, 2011.
4. Michael Margolis, Arduino Cookbook, Recipes to Begin, Expand, and Enhance Your Projects, 2nd
Edition, O’Reilly Media, 2011.

CS-5019 Stochastic Processes and Queuing Theory L-T-P-C: 3-1-0-4

Unit-I
Poisson Processes : Introduction to stochastic processes, Poisson process: Definition, Properties of
Poisson processes, Generalization of Poisson processes
Unit-II
Renewal Theory and Regenerative Processes: Renewal Process: Introduction, Limit Theorems,
Blackwell’s Theorem, Renewal Equation, Renewal theorems, Regenerative Processes
Unit-III
Discrete Time Markov Chains: Markov Chains: Definitions, Class Properties of Transience and
Recurrence, Limiting distributions of Markov chains, Tests for transience, null recurrence and positive
recurrence, Reversible Markov Chains, Rate of convergence to the stationary distribution
Unit-IV
Continuous-Time Markov Chains: Introduction, Markov property, Minimal construction, Chapman
Kolmogorov equations, Irreducibility and Recurrence, Time Reversibility, Birth-Death process,
Reversibility of Birth-Death process
Unit-V
Martingales: Introduction, Sampling Theorem, Martingale inequalities, McDiarmid’s Inequality:
Applications, Martingale Convergence Theorem, Applications to Markov chain,
Random Walks Definitions, Ladder Heights, Maxima, GI/GI/1 Queue, Ladder Epochs
Unit-VI
Queuing Theory: GI/GI/1 Queue, Palm Theory, PASTA, Rate conservation laws, PASTA, Product-form
Networks, M/M/1 queue, Tandem Queues, Open Jackson, Closed queueing networks, Product-Form
Networks: Quasireversible networks, Quasireversible Queues, Networks of Quasireversible Queues.

Text Book
[1] Stochastic Processes, Sheldon M. Ross, 2nd edition, 1996.
[2] Introduction to Stochastic Processes, Erhan Cinlar, 2013.
[3] Markov Chains: Gibbs Fields, Monte Carlo Simulation, and Queues, Pierre Bremaud, 1999.
Reference Books
[1] S. Assmussen,”Applied Probability and Queues”, 2nd ed., Springer, 2003.
[2] B. Hajek,”Random Processes for Engineers”, Cambridge Univesity press, 2015.
[3] S. Karlin and H.M. Taylor,”A First Course in Stochastic Processes”, 2nd ed., 1975. [4] S.M. Ross,
”Stochastic Processes”,2nd ed., Wiley, 1996.
[5] J. Walrand,”An introduction to Queueing Netwoorks”, Prentice Hall, 1988.

CS-5021 Information and Coding Theory L-T-P-C:3-0-0-3

Unit-I
Introduction: Introduction to information theory & error control coding, Information measure, Entropy,
Differential Entropy, Conditional Entropy, Relative Entropy, Information rate, Mutual Information,
Channel Capacity.
Unit-II
Source Coding: Shannon’s Source Coding Theorem, Prefix Coding, Huffman Coding, Shannon-Fano
Coding, Arithmetic Coding, Lempel-Ziv Algorithm, Rate Distortion Theory.
Unit-III
Channel Capacity & Coding: Channel Coding Theorem, Markov Sources, Discrete Channel with
discrete Noise, BSC, BEC, Capacity of a Gaussian Channel, channel capacity for MIMO system,
Bandwidth-S/N Trade-off.
Unit-IV
Block Codes: Galios Fields, Hamming Weight and Hamming Distance, Linear Block Codes, Encoding
and decoding of Linear Block-codes, Parity Check Matrix, and Bounds for block codes, Hamming Codes,
Syndrome Decoding.
Unit-V
Cyclic Codes: Introduction to cyclic code, Method for generating Cyclic Codes, Matrix description of
Cyclic codes, Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) codes, Circuit implementation of cyclic codes, Burst error
correction, BCH codes.
Unit-VI
Convolutional Codes: Introduction to Convolutional Codes, Polynomial description of Convolutional
Codes, Generating function, Matrix description of Convolutional Codes, Viterbi Decoding of
Convolutional code, Introduction to Turbo Code.
Unit-VII
Coding for Secure Communications: Introduction to Cryptography, Overview of Encryption
Techniques, Secret-Key Cryptography, Data Encryption, Standard (DES), Public-Key Cryptography, RSA
algorithm, Digital signature, One- way Hashing.

Text Books:
1. “Information Theory, Coding & Cryptography”, by Ranjan Bose, TMH, Second Edition.
2. “Communication Systems”, by S. Haykin, 4th Edition, Wiley-Publication.
Reference Books:
1. “Elements of Information Theory” by Thomas M. Cover, J. A. Thomas, Wiley-Inter science
Publication.
2. “Error Correction Coding Mathematical Methods and Algorithms” by Todd K. Moon, Wiley India
Edition.
3. “Cryptography and Network Security”, Fourth Edition, by William stallings.

CS-5023 Data Analytics for IOT L-T-P-C:3-1-0-4

Course objective: To provide the basics of organization of big data, architectural issues of big data tools.

Course Content:
Unit-I
Fundamentals of Big-data analytics, Overview & analytics life cycle, Need, Structured and multi-
structured data analysis, Big- data analytics major components, Analytical models and approaches, Big
data challenges.
Unit-II
Designing and building big data applications, Big data architecture, Distributed Computing platforms and
Data Storage, Security and Data Privacy, Application Areas, Application Tools and Platforms.
Unit-III
Clustered Hadoop environment, HDFS and data managements using HDFS, Analytics Using Map Reduce
and programming, Map Reduce design patterns.
Unit-IV
Introduction to Modern databases-No SQL, New SQL, No SQLVs RDBMS databases Tradeoffs, Working
with MongoDb, Data warehouse system for Hadoop
Unit-V
Introduction to Pig and HIVE- Programming Pig: Engine for executing data flows in parallel on Hadoop,
Programming with Hive.

Course Outcome:
 Students will attain in-depth knowledge and understanding of the big data technologies.
 Students will become familiar with various search methods and visualization techniques for big
data analytics.

Text/ Reference Book:

1. Dean Wampler, Jason Rutherglen, Edward Capriolo,“Programming Hive” O'Reilly Media,
1stEdition, 2012.
2. Sawant, Nitin, Shah, Himanshu, “Big Data Application Architecture Q & A: A Problem-Solution
Approach”, Apress, 1st Edition, 2013.
Reference Books
1. David Loshin, “Big Data Analytics: From Strategic Planning to Enterprise Integration with Tools,
Techniques, NoSQL, and Graph”, Morgan Kaufmann, 1stEdition, 2013.
2. Jonathan R. Owens, Jon Lentz, Brian Femiano, “Hadoop Real, World Solutions Cookbook”,
Packt, 2nd Edition, 2016.

CS-5025 Privacy and Security in IoT L-T-P-C: 3-1-0-4

Course objective: To learn the security principles and methodologies for Internet of Things.

Course Content:
Unit-I
Introduction: Securing the Internet of Things: Security Requirements in IoT Architecture - Security in
Enabling Technologies - Security Concerns in IoT Applications. Security Architecture in the Internet of
Things - Security Requirements in IoT - Insufficient Authentication/Authorization – Insecure Access
Control - Threats to Access Control, Privacy, and Availability - Attacks Specific to IoT. Vulnerabilities –
Secrecy and Secret-Key Capacity - Authentication/Authorization for Smart Devices - Transport
Encryption – Attack & Fault trees.
Unit-II
Cryptographic fundamentals for IoT: Cryptographic primitives and its role in IoT – Encryption and
Decryption – Hashes – Digital Signatures – Random number generation – Cipher suites – key management
fundamentals – cryptographic controls built into IoT messaging and communication protocols – IoT Node
Authentication.
Unit-III
Identity & access management solutions for IoT: Identity lifecycle – authentication credentials – IoT
IAM infrastructure – Authorization with Publish / Subscribe schemes – access control
Unit-IV
Privacy preservation and trust models for IoT: Concerns in data dissemination – Lightweight and
robust schemes for Privacy protection – Trust and Trust models for IoT – self-organizing Things -
Preventing unauthorized access.
Unit-V
Cloud security for IoT: Cloud services and IoT – offerings related to IoT from cloud service providers –
Cloud IoT security controls – An enterprise IoT cloud security architecture – New directions in cloud
enabled IoT computing

Course Outcome:
On completion of the course, student will be able to
 understand the Security requirements in IoT.
 understand the cryptographic fundamentals for IoT.
 understand the authentication credentials and access control.
 understand the various types Trust models and Cloud Security.

Text/ Reference Book:

1. Russell, Brian, and Drew Van Duren. Practical Internet of Things Security: Design a security
framework for an Internet connected ecosystem. Packt Publishing Ltd, 2018.
2. Li, Shancang, and Li Da Xu. Securing the internet of things. Syngress, 2017.
3. Hu, Fei. Security and privacy in Internet of things (IoTs): Models, Algorithms, and
Implementations. CRC Press, 2016.

Electives III/III
EC-5006 Wireless Sensors Networks L-T-P-C:3-0-0-3

Course objective:
 To understand the fundamental concept of wireless sensor network protocol.
 To deliberate importance of wireless communication protocols.
To explain challenges in routing protocol and overview of different layer protocols.
 To aware with current applications of wireless sensor network in difference field.

Module I

Introduction: Basic concept of Wireless Sensor Networks – History, Motivation, DesignObjectives,

Characteristics, Challenges, Applications, Technological Background – Transmission Fundamental,
Actuator, MEMS Technology, Wireless Sensor: Topology, Sensor Network Architecturesand Protocol
Stack, Network Standards.

Module II

Medium Access Control: Fundamentals of MAC protocols, Objectives of MAC design, Energy
efficiency in MAC design, MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks – Contention based protocols,
Contention free protocols, Hybrid protocols. WSN protocols: synchronized, duty cycled.
Module III

Network and Transport Layer: Overview, Fundamentals and Challenges of Routing protocol, Issues
with the adoption of ad hoc Location-aided protocols, Layered and In-network processing-
basedprotocols, Data centric and multipath Protocols. Traditional transport protocols, Traditional
Transport protocols for sensor networks: Principles, Performance Metrices, Congestion Control,
Reliability, Loss Recovery, Design Guidelines,Case study- Implementation and analysis of Routing
protocol or transport layer protocol in Tiny OS.

Module IV

Network Security and Attack Defense: Fundamentals of network security-challenges and attacks -
Protocols and mechanisms for security. Confidentiality, Integrity, Authenticity, Nonrepudiation,
Freshness, Availability, Intrusion Detection, Key Management Case study- Handling attacks in Tiny OS.

Module V

Applications Of WSN: WSN Applications - Home Control - Building Automation - Industrial

Automation - Medical Applications - Reconfigurable Sensor Networks - Highway Monitoring - Military
Applications - Civil and Environmental Engineering Applications - Wildfire Instrumentation - Habitat
Monitoring - Nanoscopic Sensor Applications – Case Study: IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPANs Standard -
Target detection and tracking - Contour/edge detection - Field sampling.
Course outcome:
After completion of course students can be able to:
 To understand technological background of sensor networks.
 To design and apply various existing routing protocols of sensor networks.

Text Book:
1. Jun Zheng, Abbas, “Wireless sensor networks A networking perspective”, WILEY, 2009.
2. Kazem Sohraby, Daniel Minoli, &TaiebZnati, “Wireless Sensor Networks-Technology,Protocols,
And Applications”, John Wiley, 2007.
Reference Book:
1. Thomas Haensel Mann, “Wireless Sensor Networks: Design Principles for ScatteredSystems”,
Oldenbourg Verlag, 2011.
2. E. H. Callaway, E. H. Callaway, “Wireless Sensor Networks Architecture and Protocols”, CRC Press,
2009.
3. F. Zhao and L. Guibas, “Wireless Sensor Network: Information Processing Approach”, Elsevier,
2009.
4. A. Hac, “Wireless Sensor Network Designs”, John Wiley & Sons, 2009.

EC-5008 SCADA Systems Applications L-T-P-C: 3-1-0-4

Course objective:
  To prepare students to understand concepts of supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)
system.
 To acquire the concept of SCADA architecture and to have knowledge on the various SCADA
system components.
 To acquire the concept of design and implementation of a SCADA System.

Course content:
Unit-I
Introduction to SCADA:Data acquisition systems, Evolution of SCADA, Communication technologies,
Monitoring and supervisory functions, SCADA applications in Utility Automation, SCADA applications
in Industries
Unit-II
SCADA System Components:Schemes- Remote Terminal Unit (RTU),Intelligent Electronic Devices
(IED),Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), Communication Network, SCADA Server, SCADA/HMI
Systems.
Unit-III
SCADA Architecture: Various SCADA architectures, advantages and disadvantages of each system -
single unified standard architecture -IEC 61850
Unit-IV
SCADA Communication:various industrial communication technologies -wired and wireless methods
and fiber optics. open standard communication protocols
Unit-V
SCADA Applications:Utility applications- Transmission and Distribution sector -operations, monitoring,
analysis and improvement. Industries - oil, gas and water. Case studies, Implementation, Simulation
Exercises

Course outcome:
After studying this course, the students will be able to
 Describe the basic tasks of supervisory control and data acquisition(SCADA) Systems as well as their
typical applications
 Understand about SCADA architecture, various advantages and disadvantages of each system
 Learn about SCADA system components: remote terminal units, PLCs, intelligent electronic devices,
HMI systems, SCADA server
 Learn about SCADA communication, various industrial communication technologies, open standard
communication protocols
 Learn and understand about SCADA applications in transmission and distribution sector, industries
etc.
 Gain knowledge and understanding for the design and implementation of a SCADA system.

Text Book:
1. Stuart A. Boyer,“SCADA-Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition”, 4thedition,International
Society of Automation, USA,2016
Reference Book:
 1. Gordon Clarke, Deon Reynders, “Practical Modern SCADA Protocols: DNP3, 60870.5
andRelated Systems”, Newnes Publications, Oxford, UK.
2. William T. Shaw, “Cybersecurity for SCADA systems”, PennWell Books.
3. David Bailey, Edwin Wright, “Practical SCADA for industry”, Newnes.
4. Michael Wiebe, “A guide to utility automation: AMR, SCADA, and IT systems for
electricPower”, PennWell.

EC-5010 Real-time operating system L-T-P-C: 3-1-0-4

Course objective: The syllabus deals with the adequate understanding of Real time operating system.
Student will be able to understand and design real time operating systems which are backbone of
embedded industry.

Module I

Introduction to Real time systems:-Need for RTOS, Structure of RTOS, Classification of Real time
system, Difference between GPOS and RTOS:- Real Time, Issues in real time operating system.
Performance measures for real time system:- Properties, traditional performance measures, cost functions,
hard deadlines, and Estimating program run times. Introduction to LINUX/ UNIX OS.

Module II

Performance metrics and scheduling Algorithms: - Performance Metrics of RTOS, Task Specifications,
Task state. Real Time Scheduling algorithms:- Cyclic executive, Rate monotonic, IRIS and Least laxity
scheduling, Schedulability Analysis.

Module III

Features of Real Time Operating System:- Messages, queues, mailboxes, pipes, timer function
events, memory management. Interrupt basic system design using an RT (OS design principles, interrupt
routines, task structures and priority.) Current research in RTOS.

Module IV

Real Time Databases:-Real time v/s general purpose databases, main memory databases, transaction
priorities, transaction aborts. Concurrency control issues:- pessimistic concurrency control and optimistic
concurrency control, Disk scheduling algorithms.

Module V

Fault Tolerance Techniques:-Causes of failure, Fault types, Fault detection, Fault and error containment.
Redundancy:- hardware redundancy, software redundancy, Time redundancy, information redundancy.
Data diversity, Integrated failure handling.

Course outcome:
 Student will be able to solve scheduling problems and can apply them in real time applications in
 industry.
 Student can also design a RTOS and will be able to interpret the feasibility of a task set to
accomplish or not.

Text Book:
1. David E. Simon, ”An Embedded Software Primer”, Pearson Education Asia Publication, ISBN:
9780201615692
2. C.M. Krishna and Kang G. Shin,” Real Time Systems”, TMH Publication, ISBN :
9780070701151

Reference Book:
1. Raj kamal ,” Embedded system: Architecture Programming and Design”, TMH Publication,
ISBN : 9780070667648
2. Mazidi,” PIC Microcontroller and Embedded Systems” , Pearson, ISBN:9788131716755

EC-5012 Advanced Optical Communication L-T-P-C:3-1-0-4

Course objective:
 To provide in-depth knowledge of modern optical communication systems
 To understand the characteristics and limitations of system components
 To analyze the performance of optical fiber systems and networks
 Explore the principles of wireless optical communication

Unit-I
Optical communication system evolution, Generic optical system, Optical fibers, Wave propagation in
optical fiber, Fiber nonlinearities, Polarization, Interference, Fiber fabrication, Attenuation in fibers,
Absorption and scattering losses, Bending losses, Dispersion

Unit-II
Basic concepts of optical sources, semiconductor lasers, distributed feedback lasers, Frequency chirping,
LED, Source to fiber power launching, Lensing schemes, Fiber to fiber joints, Fiber splicing, Fiber
connectors, Optical modulators

Unit-III
Optical detectors, Principles of photo detector, PIN and avalanche photo diode, Phototransistor,
Responsivity, Bandwidth, Noise, Optical amplifiers and filters

Unit-IV
Optical transceivers, Direct detection and coherent receivers, Noise in detection process, WDM,
Modulation techniques, homodyne and heterodyne keying formats, System design, BER in synchronous
and asynchronous receivers, Power budgeting, Rise time budgeting, OTDR principles, Attenuation and
dispersion limits

Unit-V
Basic networks, sonnet/ SDH, Wavelength routed networks, Nonlinear effects on network performance,
Ultra high capacity networks, Optical wireless communication, Applications and design challenges,
Introduction to Massive MIMO
Course outcome:
 Identify and characterize different components of an optical fiber communication
link.
 Compute optical fiber link design parameters
 Design considerations and assess the performance of optical devices and systems
Text Book:
1. G. Keiser, Optical Fiber Communications, McGraw-Hill, 2008.
2. J. M. Senior, Optical Fiber Communications. Principle and Practice, Prentice Hall.
3. G. P. Agrawal, Fiber-Optic Communication Systems, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2002.
Reference Book:
1. R. Papannareddy, “Lightwave Communication Systems: A Practical Perspective”, Penram
International.
2. B. Razavi, “Design of Integrated Circuits for Optical Communications”, McGraw-Hill.
A. Yariv, “Optical Electronics in Modern Communications”, Oxford University Press.
4. B. Razavi, “Design of Integrated Circuits for Optical Communications”, McGraw-Hill.
5. Joseph C. Palais , Fiber Optic Communications, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall.

EC-5014 Material Science For Micro & Nano Electronics L-T-P-C:3-1-0-4

Course objective:
 Understand concepts of semiconductor device physics for electrical and electronics applications.
 Understand fabrication and characterization techniques for semiconductor devices.
 Understand the characteristics of different semiconductor devices.
Unit-I
Introduction of Materials: Particles and Waves, Wave Particle Duality, Wave Mechanics, The
Schrodinger Wave Equations, Atoms and atomic orbitals, Matter and Energy, structure property
relationship, Phase transitions, Crystalline materials, amorphous materials, Liquid Crystals, polymers,
organic materials, bio-materials, ceramics, glasses, superconductivity, thin films, metals, semiconductors,
alloys.
Unit-II
Electronic Materials: Properties of metals and insulators, band theory of solids, band gaps in metals,
semiconductors and insulators, thermal excitation, photo-excitation, the Maxwell Boltzmann distribution,
intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, doped materials, compound semiconductors.
Unit-III
Growth and characterization of Micro and Nanoelectronic materials: Bulk crystal and hetero-structure
growth, nano-lithography, etching and other means of fabrication of nanostructures and nano-devices,
Techniques for characterization of nanostructures, spontaneous formation and ordering of nanostructures,
clusters and nano-crystals, Methods of nanotube growth, chemical and biological methods of growing nano-
structures, fabrication of nano-electromechanical systems, Characterization of Nano-electronic materials:
Photo-luminance, X-Ray diffraction, TEM, DLTS, AFM, SEM.
Unit-IV
Micro & Nano-electronics Materials and Devices: Bulk Materials, 2D, 1D Materials, Nanomaterials,
Graphene, carbon nanotubes, nanowires Shrink down approaches, CMOS scaling, nanoscale MOSFETs,
FINFETs, Vertical MOSFETs, Resonant tunnel diodes, Field effect transistors, single electron transfer
devices, potential effect transistors, light emitting diodes and lasers, nano electro mechanical system
devices.

Course outcome:
Upon Completion of the course, the students will be able to:
 implement concepts of semiconductor device physics for electrical and electronics applications.
 Analyze the characteristics of different semiconductor devices.
 Utilize the basic governing equations to analyze semiconductor devices.
Text Book:
1. D. K. Schroder, “Semiconductor Materials and Device Characterization”, Wiley Interscience
2. Poole, Owens, “Introduction to Nanotechnology”, Wiley
3. Drexler, “Nanosystems”, Wiley
4. RanierWaser, “Nanoelectronics and Information Technology” Wiley-VCH
5. Mitin, Kochelap, Stroscio, “Introduction to Nanoelectronics”, Cambridge University Press.
6. L. H. V. Vlack, “Elements of Material Science & Engineering”, PHI
7. M Shur, “Physics of Semiconductor devices” , PHI
8. William, Smith, “Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering”, McGraw Hill, 1998.

EC-5016 MOS Devices L-T-P-C:3-1-0-4

Course objective: The course will provide detail understanding of Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS)
Capacitor and allied field effect devices, required for designing VLSI&ULSI CMOS circuits.

Unit-I
MOS Capacitor: Energy band diagram of Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor contacts, Mode of Operations:
Accumulation, Depletion, Mid gap, and Inversion, 1D Electrostatics of MOS, Depletion Approximation,
Accurate Solution of Poisson’s Equation, CV characteristics of MOS, LFCV and HFCV, Non-idealities in
MOS, oxide fixed charges, interfacial charges, Mid gap gate Electrode, Poly-Silicon contact, Electrostatics
of non-uniform substrate doping, ultrathin gate-oxide and inversion layer quantization, quantum
capacitance, MOS parameter extraction
Unit-II
Physics of MOSFET: Drift-Diffusion Approach for IV, Gradual Channel Approximation, Sub-threshold
current and slope, Body effect, Pao & Sah Model, Detail 2D effects in MOSFET, High field and doping
dependent mobility models, High field effects and MOSFET reliability issues (SILC, TDDB, & NBTI),
Leakage mechanisms in thin gate oxide, High-K-Metal Gate MOSFET devices and technology issues,
Intrinsic MOSFET capacitances and resistances, Meyer model.
Unit-III
SOI MOSFET: FDSOI and PDSOI, 1D Electrostatics of FDSOI MOS, VT definitions, Back gate
coupling and body effect parameter, IV characteristics of FDSOI-FET, FDSOI-sub-threshold slope,
Floating body effect, single transistor latch, ZRAM device, Bulk and SOI FET: discussions referring to the
ITRS.
Unit-IV
Nanoscale Transistors: Diffusive, Quasi Ballistic & Ballistic Transports, Ballistic planer and nanowire-
FET modeling: semi-classical and quantum treatments
Unit-V
Advanced MOSFETs: Strain Engineered Channel materials, Mobility in strained materials, Electrostatics
of double gate, and Fin-FET devices

Text/ Reference Book:

1. S.M. Sze & Kwok K. Ng, Physics of Semiconductor Devices, Wiley, 2007
2. Yuan Taur & Tak H. Ning, Fundamentals of Modern VLSI Devices, Cambridge, 1998.
3. Mark Lundstrom& Jing Guo, Nanoscale Transistors: Device Physics, Modeling & Simulation,
Springer, 2005.
4. Yannis Tsividis, Operation and Modeling of the MOS Transistor, Oxford University Press, 2 nd
edition.
5. J.P. Colinge, Silicon-on-Insulator Technology: Materials to VLSI, Springer, 1997.
6. Research papers in specific area.

EC-5018 Embedded System Design L-T-P-C: 3-1-0-4

Course objective:
 To acquire the knowledge of embedded systems and application of knowledge to understand design
paradigms, architectures, possibilities, and challenges, both with respect to software and hardware.
 To prepare students to perform the testing, verification, and validation in order to engineer reliable and
safe embedded system designs.

Course content:
Unit-I
Introduction: Concept of embedded system design: design challenge, processor technology, IC
technology, design technology, trade-offs.
Unit-II
Processor and Memory: Introduction to processors, basic architecture, operation, super-scalar and
VLSIIW architecture, Application Specific Instruction Set Processors (ASIPS), microcontrollers, digital
signal processors, selecting a microprocessor, introduction to memory, memory writes ability, storage
performance, tradeoffs, common memory types, memory hierarchy and cache.
Unit-III
Microcontroller: Architecture and programming in assembly and C, interfacing analog and digital blocks:
Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs), Digital to-Analog Converters (DACs),communication basics and
basic protocol concepts, microprocessor interfacing: I/O addressing, port and bus based I/O, memory
mapped I/O, standard I/O interrupts, direct memory access, advanced communication principles parallel-
serial-wireless, serial protocols I2C, parallel protocols PCI bus, wireless protocol IrDA, blue tooth.
Unit-IV
Peripheral Devices: Buffers and latches, crystal, reset circuit, chip select logic circuit, timers, counters,
Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART), pulse width modulators, LCD controllers, keypad
controllers, design tradeoffs due to thermal considerations and effects of EMI/ES etc.
Unit-V
Embedded Software Development: Real time operating systems, Kernel architecture: hardware,
task/process control subsystem, device drivers, file subsystem, system calls, embedded operating systems,
task scheduling in embedded systems: task scheduler, first in first out, shortest job first, round robin,
priority based scheduling, context switch: task synchronization: mutex, semaphore, timers, types of
embedded operating systems, programming languages: assembly languages, high level language.
Unit-VI
Embedded System Development: Embedded system development process, determine the requirements,
design the system architecture, choose the operating system, choose the processor, choose the development
platform, choose the programming language, coding issues, code optimization, efficient input/output,
testing and debugging.

Course outcome:
After studying this course, the students will be
 able to acquire knowledge and understand fundamental embedded systems design paradigms,
architectures, possibilities, and challenges, both with respect to software and hardware.
 able to analyze a system both as whole and in the included parts, to understand how these parts interact
in the functionality and properties of the system
 able to practically apply gained theoretical knowledge in order to design, analyze and implement
embedded systems, e.g. integrating embedded subsystems and applications in building a fully
functional autonomous robot.
 able to apply formal method, testing, verification, validation and simulation techniques and tools in
order to engineer reliable and safe embedded systems.
 able to demonstrate a deeper understanding of the electronics and physical principles used for
embedded systems.

Text Book:
1. Jack Ganssle, "The Art of Designing Embedded Systems", Newnes, 1999.
2. R. Kamal, “Embedded Systems: Architecture, Programming and Design” MGH, 2008.
3. Shibu, “Introduction to Embedded Systems”, McGraw Hill, 2017.
Reference Book:
1. David Simon, "An Embedded Software Primer", Addison Wesley, 2000.
2. Valvano, "Embedded Microcomputer System: Real Time Interfacing", Cengage, 2000.
3. Bahadure, “Microcontrollers and Embedded System Design” Wiley, 2019.
4. Mazidi, “PIC Microcontroller and Embedded Systems” Pearson, 2008.

CS-5008 Cloud Computing L-T-P-C:3-0-0-3

 To enable students to deliver an application built in the cloud with the concept of application-based
building blocks for processing of data.
 To acquire the concept of cloud computing and to have knowledge on the various issues in cloud
computing.
 To appreciate the emergence of cloud as the next generation computing paradigm.

Module I

Introduction: Introduction to Cloud Architecture and Computing Concepts, Why Clouds, What is a Cloud,
Introduction to Clouds: History, What's New in Today's Clouds, New Aspects of Clouds, Economics of
Clouds, cloud distributed system, MapReduce: Paradigm, Scheduling, Fault-Tolerance.

Module II

Multicast Problem and P2P Systems: Introduction to Multicast Problem, Gossip Protocol – analysis –
implementation, Failure Detectors, Gossip-Style Membership, Dissemination and suspicion, Grid
Applications, Grid Infrastructure, P2P Systems Introduction, Napster, Gnutella, FastTrack and BitTorrent,
Chord, Pastry, Kelips.

Module III

Design of key-value/NoSQL storage/database systems: Introduction to Key-Value/NOSQL, Cassandra,

Cap Theorem, Consistency Spectrum, HBase, Cristian's Algorithm, Network Time Protocol (NTP),
Lamport Timestamps, Vector Clocks

Module IV

Machine Coordination in a Distribution system: The Election Problem, Ring Leader Election, Election
in Chubby and ZooKeeper, Bully Algorithm, Distributed Mutual Exclusion, Ricart-Agrawala's Algorithm,
Maekawa's Algorithm.

Module V

Transactions and Replication Controlling Cloud Systems: Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs),
Transactions, Serial Equivalence, Pessimistic Concurrency, Optimistic Concurrency Control, Replication,
Two-Phase Commit.

Module VI

Emerging Paradigms and Classical Systems: Stream Processing in Storm, Distributed Graph Processing,
Structure of Networks, Single-processor Scheduling, Hadoop Scheduling, Dominant-Resource Fair
Scheduling, File System Abstraction, Network File System (NFS) and Andrew File System (AFS),
Distributed Shared Memory.
Course outcome:
After studying this course, the students will be able to
 Articulate the main concepts, key technologies, strengths and limitations of cloud computing.
 Understand core techniques, algorithms, and design philosophies – all centered around distributed
systems.
 Analyze and implement concepts include: clouds, MapReduce, key-value/NoSQL stores, classical
distributed algorithms, widely-used distributed algorithms and scalability.
 Learn the key and enabling technologies that help in the development of cloud.
 Develop the ability to understand and use the architecture of compute and storage cloud, service and
delivery models.
 Evaluate and choose the appropriate technologies, algorithms and approaches for implementation and
use of cloud.

Text Book:
 1. Kai Hwang, Geoffrey C. Fox and Jack J. Dongarra, “Distributed and cloud computing from Parallel
Processing to the Internet of Things”, Morgan Kaufmann, Elsevier, 2012.
2. Rittinghouse, John W., and James F. Ransome, “Cloud Computing: Implementation, Management and
Security”, CRC Press, 2017.
Reference Book:
1. Rajkumar Buyya, Christian Vecchiola, S. ThamaraiSelvi, “Mastering Cloud Computing”, Tata
Mcgraw Hill, 2013.
2. Toby Velte, Anthony Velte, Robert Elsenpeter, “Cloud Computing – A Practical Approach, Tata
Mcgraw Hill, 2009.
3. Barrie Sosinsky, “Cloud Computing Bible” John Wiley & Sons, 2010.
4. Tim Mather, Subra Kumaraswamy, and Shahed Latif, “Cloud Security and Privacy An Enterprise
Perspective on Risks and Compliance”, O'Reilly, 2009.

CS-5016 Real Time Data Analysis L-T-P-C: 3-1-0-4

Course objective:
 To study issues related to the design and analysis of systems with real-time constraints.
 To learn the features of Real time OS.
 To study the various Uniprocessor and Multiprocessor scheduling mechanisms.
 To learn about various real time communication protocols.
 To study the difference between traditional and real time databases.

Unit-I
Introduction to real time computing: Concepts; Example of real-time applications – Structure of a real
time system – Characterization of real time systems and tasks - Hard and Soft timing constraints - Design
Challenges - Performance metrics - Prediction of Execution Time : Source code analysis, Micro-
architecture level analysis, Cache and pipeline issues- Programming Languages for Real-Time Systems
Unit-II
Real time OS: Threads and Tasks – Structure of Microkernel – Time services – Scheduling Mechanisms
Communication and Synchronization – Event Notification and Software interrupt Task assignment and
Scheduling
Unit-III
Task allocation algorithms: Single-processor and Multiprocessor task scheduling - Clock-driven and
priority-based scheduling algorithms Fault tolerant scheduling
Unit-IV
Real Time Communication: Network topologies and architecture issues – protocols –contention based,
token based, polled bus, deadline based protocol, Fault tolerant
routing. RTP and RTCP.
Unit-V
Real time Databases
Transaction priorities – Concurrency control issues – Diskscheduling algorithms – Two phase approach to
improve predictability
Course Outcome:
Upon Completion of the course, the students will be able to:
 Gain Knowledge about Schedulability analysis.
 Learn about the Real-time programming environments.
 Attain knowledge about real time communication and databases.
 Develop real time systems.

Text Book:
[1]C.M. Krishna, Kang G. Shin – “ Real Time Systems”, International Edition,
McGrawHill Companies, Inc., New York, 1997.
[2]Jane W.S. Liu, “Real-Time Systems”, Pearson Education India, 2000
Reference Book:
[1]Philip A. Laplante and Seppo J. Ovaska, “Real-Time Systems Design and Analysis:Tools for the
Practitioner’’ IV Edition IEEE Press, Wiley, 2013.
[2]Sanjoy Baruah, Marko Bertogna, Giorgio Buttazzo, “Multiprocessor Schedulingfor Real-Time Systems
“, Springer International Publishing, 2015.