Still Photography BVICAM Unit 1 (1) - 240319 - 165924

BA(JMC) 106 STILL PHOTOGRAPHY
Still Photography
BA(JMC) UNIT 1
© Bharati Vidyapeeth’s Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Mr. Sahil Dhall, Assistant Prof., BVICAM U1.1
Topic 1:
Photography: Definition, Meaning & Concept
About the Subject
The focus points of this subject will cover the following:
 To understand the Basics of Photography.

 To learn the historical developments of Photography
 Understanding the functioning of various types of cameras.
 Understanding the different genres of photography
 To have in-depth knowledge about the rules and compositions
 To gain knowledge of the lenses and its types
 Learning the various lighting techniques
 To understand the concept of Photojournalism
© BHARATI VIDYAPEETH’S INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT, NEW DELHI-63, BY SAHIL DHALL U1. 1
What is Photography?
“Photography is the only “Language”
understood in all parts of the world, and
bridging all nations and cultures, it links the
family of man.”
—HELMUT GERNSHEIM
(Historian of Photography)
• Photography is an art form like drawing and painting. Photographers

use their camera to make us see life in a different way, feel emotions,
and record stories and events.
• Photography is a combination of visual imagination and design, craft
skills, and practical organizing ability.
• Photography is a science, because there are basic principles of physics
that govern success.
• Photography is art because its beauty is subjective
©© BharatiVidyapeeth’s
Bharati Vidyapeeth’sInstitute
Instituteofof Computer
Computer Applicationsand
Applications and Management,
Management, New
New Delhi-63,
Delhi-63, by Mr.
by Mr. Sahil
Sahil Dhall,
Dhall, Assistant
Assistant Prof.,
Prof., BVICAM U1.5
BVICAM U1.5
• The word “PHOTOGRAPHY” is derived from the Greek word Photos,

which means light and graphe which drawing through light.
• It is a combination of creativity, sense of composition, science and simple
arithmetic.
• Photography is recording light or electromagnetic radiation reflected by an
object either electronically (Image sensor) or chemically by the means of a
light sensitive material (film or paper)
• It is a type of visual communication
• Photography is present in every field, whether it is media, Forensics,
science, art, medical, production, business etc.
• A photograph is worth 1000 words.
• The word “PHOTOGRAPHY” is derived from the Greek word Photos,

which means light and graphe which drawing through light.
• It is a combination of creativity, sense of composition, science and simple
arithmetic.
• Photography is recording light or electromagnetic radiation reflected by an
object either electronically (Image sensor) or chemically by the means of a
light sensitive material (film or paper)
• It is a type of visual communication
• Photography is present in every field, whether it is media, Forensics,
science, art, medical, production, business etc.
• A photograph is worth 1000 words.
Topic 2:
History of Photography
Brief History Of Photography
• In 1820, First Photographic camera was made by a French Scientist Joseph

Nicephore Niepce
• The first photo paper and first black and white film were invented by
M. Charles in 1800 & George Eastman in 1850.
• We owe the name "Photography" to Sir John Herschel , who first used
the term in 1839, the year the photographic process became public.
• Ancient Han Chinese Philosopher Mo Di was the first to discover and
develop the scientific principle of optics, camera obscura and Pinhole
camera.
• Iraqi scientist Abu Ali Hasan Ibn al-Haitham, also known as Alhazen
showcased that the light is reflected from an object into the eye.
• He is also said to have ‘invented’ camera obscura.
Camera Obscura
• Camera Obscura is a Latin

word.
• It means a dark chamber.
• In camera obscura, it only
projected images from an
opening in the wall
(pinhole) of a darkened
room onto a surface.
• The camera obscure is in
existence from last 400
years.
Historical Journey of Photography

• In 1519, A drawing of the camera obscura existed by Leonardo Da Vinci.
• He mentioned that natural camera obscura was formed by dark caves on

the edge of a sunlit valley.
• During this period, this concept was used as a drawing aid.
• Later, Greek mathematicians Aristotle and Euclid also independently

described a pinhole camera in the 5th and 4th centuries BCE.
• Albertus Magnus (1193-1280) later discovered Silver nitrate and Georg

Fabricius (1516-71) discovered silver Chloride
Leonarda Da Vinci’s Pinhole Technique
• In time, the camera obscura

• A “portable” Camera Obscura made was reduced to a small box,
around 1676, with an internal mirror much like a modern camera,
to reflect the image onto a with a lens placed in the hole
translucent screen set into the top. where light entered.

• At the beginning of the 19th century, Thomas Wedgwood was conducting
experiments and he had successfully captured images, but his silhouettes
could not survive, as there was no known method of making the image
permanent.
• The first breakthrough in producing a successful picture was in 1827 by
Nicephore Nièpce, using material that hardened on exposure to light.
• This picture required an EXPOSURE OF EIGHT HOURS!
• Nièpce used a polished pewter plate covered with a petroleum derivative
called bitumen of Judea.
• On 4 January 1829 Nièpce agreed to go into partnership with Louis
Daguerre.
• Nièpce died just four years later, but Daguerre continued to experiment.
View from window at Le Gras –Nicéphore Niépce's earliest surviving photograph, c. 1827

• Soon Daguerre discovered a way of developing photographic plates, a
process which greatly reduced the exposure time from 8 hours down to half
an hour
• Daguerre also found that an image could be rendered “permanent” by

immersing it in salt.
• Details of the process were made public on 19 August 1839, and Daguerre
named it the Daguerreotype.
• A single early Daguerrotype taken in a portrait studio could cost $1,500 in

TODAY’S MONEY!!!
EQUIPMENT TO PRODUCE DAGUERROTYPES

1847
Early Daguerrotype by Gustav

Oehme “Three Girls” 1843
“Blacksmiths” – a hand coloured

Daguerrotype, 1850 “Boulevard du Temple", taken by Daguerre in late 1838
or early 1839, was the first ever photograph of a person.

• Enter the “Calotype” invented by William Henry Fox Talbot, which was to
provide the answer to the problem of multiple copies.
• The process began with a negative image on paper. It was then printed on
another sensitized piece of paper to produce a positive print.
• Talbot had earlier discovered another means to fix a silver process image but
had kept it secret, After reading about Daguerre's invention, Talbot refined
his process, so that it might be fast enough to take photographs of people.
• The earliest paper negative we know of was produced by Talbot in August
1835.
• It depicts the now famous window at Lacock Abbey, Fox Talbot’s home.
• By 1840, however, Talbot had made some significant improvements, and by
1844 he was able to bring out a photographically illustrated book entitled
"The Pencil of Nature."
“Carpenters on Lacock Estate” –

Calotype by Fox Talbot - 1842
Flowers, Leaves and Stem. Fox Talbot, 1838
“Cloisters, Lacock Abbey - 1842” by

Fox Talbot
“Paris Boulevard”, page 2 from
Fox Talbot’s “Pencil of Light”
book

• In the late 1840’s, several experimented with glass as a basis for negatives,
but the problem was to make the silver solution stick to the shiny surface
of the glass.
• In 1848 a cousin of Nicephore Nièpce, Abel Nièpce de Saint- Victor,

perfected a process of coating a glass plate with Albumen (white of egg)
sensitized with potassium iodide, and washed with an acid solution of silver
nitrate. This new (ALBUMEN) process made for very fine detail and much
higher quality.
• Early photographs produced on this substance were architecture and

landscapes, Initially, portraiture was not possible, but later refinements
enabled a certain amount of controlled portraiture to be done.
• In 1851 a new era in photography was introduced by Frederick Scott

Archer, who introduced the COLLODION PROCESS.
• This process used a syrupy, transparent liquid called collodion to hold the
silver compounds on glass. It also required that the coating, exposure and
development of the image should be done whilst the plate was still wet.
• The response of collodion plates to light was much faster than in other
processes reducing exposure times to two or three seconds, thus opening new
horizons in photography.
“Still Life” – Albumen print - 1865 Rochester Castle – wet collodion by Scott Archer
1865 Albumen print – a

self portrait by famous
French photographer
Nadar with his wife & son
“Pierrot” by Nadar (L) and “Paul & Virginia” – 1864

albumen print from a collodion on glass negative by Julia
Margaret Cameron (R)

• The collodion process, however, was much cheaper – now prints could be
made for AS LITTLE AS ONE SHILLING (50C)!
• The next major step forward came in 1871, when Dr. Richard Maddox
discovered a way of using Gelatin (which had been discovered only a few
years before) instead of glass as a basis for the photographic plate.
• This at last led to the development of the dry plate process. Dry plates
could be developed much more quickly than with any previous technique.
• Banker and businessman Antoine Claudet invented the red darkroom

light, discovered a way to reduce exposure time for daguerreotypes, and
was the first to use painted backgrounds and props in photographs
No Longer Did One Need The Cumbersome Wetplates Or The Darkroom Tent.
Photographer’s Studio - 1893

Tripod used for Flat surface photography

• In 1884, flexible, roll-up film was mass produced by George Eastman,
founder of the Eastman Kodak Company, in Rochester, New York.
• Eastman developed commercial dry gel on paper, or film, to replace the
photographic plate.
• In July of 1888, Eastman's Kodak Camera went on the market with the
slogan "You press the button, we do the rest".
• Early Kodak Box cameras where quickly followed by the first “Brownie”,
introduced in February 1900.
• With its simple controls and initial price of $1, it was intended to be a
camera that anyone could afford and was also easy to use, carry & hand
hold.
Unfortunately, in 1932, Eastman, suffering from terminal cancer, and having
settled all his affairs, shot himself through the heart, leaving a note:
" To my friends: My work is done. Why wait? G.E."
Videos you MUST watch:

• Darkroom developing techniques of different era
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLH_FfjHEuvR5mgA_aeU4uRvB7
_A90nOO8
• Photographic Processes:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLH_FfjHEuvR5U0Ur8rB35fezQ1
yZkShMk
• https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLH_FfjHEuvR6xYD1f7kFHTuSC
WG4mzI2s
Topic 3:
Types of Cameras
Types of Cameras
Film Camera
Film Camera also known

as analogue cameras have
a great history. These
camera are based on the
size of the film formats
also.
Types of Cameras
Plate Camera
• Used almost a century back
• Consists of a lens with leather
bellows and a black cloth.
• Earlier a glass coated with light
sensitive material was used
• Later, it was replaced by film. A
film was inserted in the plate
holder of the camera.
• Adaptor sleeves were used as
plate holders.
• It was a large format camera
Types of Cameras
Folding Camera
• A folding camera, or folder, is a camera
with bellows that can be folded so that the
camera occupies less space when not in
use.
• Many folding cameras allow variations of
their bellows' length, thus making the
bellows also the means for focusing.
• At the end of the 19th century the first
renowned strut folding cameras were
designed, for example the Ango and
the Folding Pocket Kodak.
• Kodak Jr. 620, Ensignette, Contessa-Nettel
Nettix, Busch Pressman Model D, Minolta
Vest, Conley Folding Kewpie No. 2 are
few examples
Types of Cameras
Rangefinder Camera
• The most distinguishing feature of a
rangefinder camera is that it calculates
distance through triangulation for accurate
focusing.
• It uses a somewhat similar mechanism as
the SLR, except that this mechanism,
which involves a compact revolving mirror
and two windows, is used for focusing—
not for viewing the scene to be captured.
• Also, unlike the SLR, a rangefinder does
not allow you to look through the lens, but
through a small window on the upper right
side (in the same way you would with a
point-and-shoot camera).
Types of Cameras
Instant or Polaroid Cameras
• One of the most popular film
cameras today, the instant
camera is essentially a point-
and-shoot camera that prints
images instantaneously on self-
developing film.
• The appeal of this camera lies in
its ability to satisfy our desire
for instant gratification—you’ll
be able to see your photos
immediately after capturing
them, much like with a digital
camera.
Types of Cameras
Twin-lens reflex (TLR) Camera
• Equipped with double objective
lenses of identical focal lengths,
twin-lens reflex or TLR cameras
are able to continuously display
the scene you are trying to shoot
on the viewfinder screen
• One lens is used for viewing
while the other lens exposes the
film, and thanks to these
separate lenses, you can
examine the scene as the camera
takes the shot, which can be
helpful for certain applications
that require longer shutter
speeds.
Types of Cameras
Single Lens Reflex (SLR) Camera
• These cameras are the analog
equivalent of the DSLR.
• It has the same internal mirror
mechanism that allows you to
look straight through the lens and
see a near-exact approximation of
what the image will look like
once it’s captured.
• These also allow you to swap
lenses, enabling you to exert
greater control over your shots.
• This is a camera where the
photographer sees exactly the
same image that is exposed to the
film
Types of Cameras
Point and Shoot Camera
• Without mirrors or any of the
other complex mechanisms found
in more sophisticated cameras,
point-and-shoots are generally
very compact and lightweight.
• As the name suggests, point-and-
shoot cameras don’t allow you to
do anything other than point and
shoot.
• The camera controls focus and
exposure settings automatically,
plus it has a fixed focal length
lens so you won’t be able to
zoom in or out.
Types of Cameras
Box Camera
• As the name suggests, box
cameras come in the form of a
cardboard or plastic box, with a
lens on one end and film on the
other end. In order to create
images, these simplistic cameras
have an aperture that captures
light, which is then burned onto
the negative.
Types of Cameras
Pinhole Camera
• A pinhole camera (or “camera
obscura”) is a sealed box or
chamber with a tiny hole or
aperture on one side. It creates
images by allowing light to pass
through the pinhole and
projecting an inverted image on
the opposite side of the chamber
and onto the film or photographic
paper.
• Pinhole cameras are
characterized by an immense
depth of field and a very wide
camera angle.
Types of Cameras
Large Format Camera
• A large format camera is
technically any camera with an
imaging format of imaging
format of at least 4×5 inches
(102×127 mm) or bigger. Unlike
other cameras on this list, large
format cameras are not limited to
a specific camera design or
mechanism. It can be a
rangefinder, an SLR, a twin-lens
reflex, or even a pinhole camera.
Types of Films
Types of FILMS
• Color Negative Film
• This type of film is popular among
portrait and wedding photographers
because of their vivid colors and contrast.
C-41 chemicals found in color negative • Infrared Films
film yields negatives and prints through • With the right exposure, you can produce quirky photos using infrared
regular image processing. film. This type of film is sensitive to a broader spectrum of light than
human eyes and can yield surreal-looking images when exposed
• Color Positive Film correctly. True infrared film can only be loaded and unloaded in
complete darkness, making them best for more experienced
• Color positive film produces colorful
photographers.
images or slides through regular image
processing. It contains E-6 chemicals, • Black and White Films
which can be used with C-41 chemicals • comes in two types: “traditional” B&W film and C-41 B&W film.
(color negative film) to create photos with Traditional or Silver Gelatin B&W film uses gelatin with small silver
intense contrast and bright colors, as seen salt crystals dispersed in the substance—hence the term “Silver
in lomographic photos. This is known as Gelatin.” It is considered more stable and entails a much simpler
cross-processing. developing process (as compared to the C-41 B&W), which is why it
is typically the preferred film of B&W shooters. On the other hand,
C-41 B&W film has numerous layers that are all sensitive to light
Types of Films
Common film sizes
Types of Cameras
DIGITAL CAMERA
A digital camera is a
hardware device that takes
photographs and stores the
image as data on a memory
card. Many digital cameras
are capable of recording video
in addition to taking photos.
Types of Cameras
Compact Digital Cameras
• Compact digital cameras literally
allow anyone to capture beautiful
images by simply pointing the
camera at the subject and clicking
the shutter.
• Also known as a point-and-shoot
camera, it is the most user-
friendly of all camera types. It is
smaller and lighter, doesn’t
require film or extra lenses, and
does all the hard work of
automatically adjusting its
settings to deliver well-exposed
photos every time.
Compact Digital Camera

• This walk-around digital camera is incredibly handy and surprisingly very
durable, which is why you’ll probably still see people using their Canon and
Sony digital compact cameras from over a decade ago.
• It fits right in your pocket or a small camera pouch, so it’s the perfect
choice for photography enthusiasts who want to have the convenience of
being able to take higher resolution snapshots (compared to most
smartphone cameras) whenever, wherever.
Compact Digital Camera
Pros Cons
• This walk-around digital camera is • Usually, can’t customize
incredibly handy and surprisingly very shutter speed and aperture
durable, which is why you’ll probably • Limited aperture and
still see people using their Canon and zoom range
Sony digital compact cameras from • Noisier photos due to
over a decade ago. small sensor
• It fits right in your pocket or a small • Lower resolution
camera pouch, so it’s the perfect choice • Slower focus
for photography enthusiasts who want
to have the convenience of being able
to take higher resolution snapshots
(compared to most smartphone
cameras) whenever, wherever.
Types of Cameras
Digital SLR Cameras
• DSLR (or digital single lens
reflex) cameras take photos to the
next level of image quality. This
more “serious” type of camera is
best known for delivering
remarkably sharp and spectacular
images
• Professional photographers and
videographers from around the
world mostly use DSLRs (now
alternatively known as hybrid
single reflex lens cameras or
HDSLR) for commercial
purposes.
Digital SLR Cameras

• There are two types of DSLRs: the full-frame or 35mm, and the crop sensor
or APS-C.
• A full-frame DSLR camera has a 36x24mm sensor, which typically yields
better image quality and low-light capability. They also tend to be more
expensive than their crop sensor counterparts, which covers less of the
image projected by the lens due to the smaller sensor.
Digital SLR Cameras
Pros Cons
• Fully customizable settings • Bigger and bulkier
• Large sensors for cleaner images • Higher cost
• Optical viewfinder • Requires ample know-
how
• High-resolution photo output
• Full HD to UHD video output
• Wide variety of camera body and
lens choices
Types of Cameras
Mirrorless Cameras
• A newer type of digital camera that
is continually growing in popularity
is the mirrorless system.
• A mirrorless camera usually gives
you all the same capabilities and
features as a DSLR, but in a
slightly smaller package.
• They are very quiet—there is no
loud “click-click!” when you snap a
photo. This makes them popular
with street photographers, who
want to remain silent and invisible
to their subjects in order to capture
candid scenes.
Mirrorless Cameras
• The main reason why many still prefer DSLRs, however, is that they have
access to a bigger collection of lenses. However, mirrorless cameras are
great investments considering their growing collection of lenses.
• Overall, it’s a combination of two popular types of digital cameras—a
point-and-shoot for its compact size and somewhat simpler controls, and a
DSLR for its interchangeable lenses and impressive output.
• There aren’t many full-frame mirrorless cameras on the market now,
Mirrorless Cameras
Pros Cons
• Electronic viewfinder • Bigger and bulkier
• Smaller and lighter • Higher cost
• Simpler operation and controls • Requires ample know-
how
• Faster and better for video
• Higher video quality even in
lower-end models
• Shoots more images at faster
shutter speeds
Types of Cameras
Action Cameras
• They’re some of the most durable
and versatile types of digital
cameras that offer very high-
resolution output.
• A wide range of accessories like
waterproof housing and mounts
allow the user to attach action
cameras to helmets, bicycles, and
even drones, which enable hands-
free shooting in different types of
situations.
Action Cameras
• This type of camera allows you to capture impressive wide-angle photos
and videos with sound from almost any angle and environment, whether
underwater or on top of a mountain.
• If you’re the adventurous or sporty type and simply want to take
breathtaking photos and videos that will “take you back” to those moments,
action cameras are for you.
Action Cameras
Pros Cons
• Rugged and compact • Viewfinder too small, if
• Lightweight available
• Versatile and mountable on • Exposure settings not
almost any surface fully customizable
• Fixed focus
• Remote view and shutter via
• Limited digital zoom
smartphone
Types of Cameras
360 Degree Camera
• The 360-degree camera takes half
dome to full-circle panoramic
photos and videos using back-to-
back lenses.
• Like action cameras, some of them
are also water resistant and
mountable on many surfaces, such
as on top of cars, helmets, or
drones. Above all, they take the
most realistic pictures and videos
with stunning panoramic views that
you can truly immerse yourself in,
virtual reality style.
360 Degree Camera
Pros Cons
• Small and lightweight • Lower resolution output
• Versatile and mountable on • Sensitive to camera shake
almost any surface and blurring
• Takes very realistic 360-degree • Fixed focus
photos and videos • Limited digital “pinch”
zoom, if available
• Allows live view or streaming
• Can be challenging to
frame shots
• For digital viewing only
Digital Camera - Comparison
Topic 3:
TYPES OF PHOTOGRAPHY
Types of Photography
Portrait Photography
• Portrait photography is one of the most popular genres of photography.
• One of the most common photography styles, portrait photography, or portraiture, aims
to capture the personality and mood of an individual or group.
• Images may be candid or posed, full body or close-ups. Either way, the subject’s face
and eyes are typically in focus.
• Lighting and backdrop help to convey tone and emotion. Popular types of photography
portraits include senior portraits, family portraits, engagement photos, and professional
headshots.
• The best portrait photographers make clients feel completely comfortable, so that their
expressions are natural and relaxed.
• Corporate portraits are also commonly needed as employees update their headshots for
websites and publicity materials.
• Fast, medium telephoto lenses are preferred, used to isolate the subject by controlling
the depth of field. When away from the studio, using the lens’ bokeh effect to blur the
background elements that are out of focus can provide an easy solution to not shooting
on a clean background.
Traditional Portraits
• A traditional portrait often depicts the subject
looking at the camera. Traditional portrait
photography is posed. It helps the subjects
look their best. Often, traditional portraits are
shot in a studio with a formal photography
backdrop.
• The genre also tends to favor the most

traditional portrait composition. This means
the head and shoulders crop rather than a
full-body portrait. But that’s not always the
case.
Lifestyle Portraits
• Taking portrait of a person (or many people). But
lifestyle portraits capture people in an everyday
environment, often doing ordinary things. Instead
of a studio, this genre of photography works in an
environment familiar to the subject.
• A lifestyle photographer often has a limited time

frame to capture a series of portraits. Lifestyle
photographers will often direct the subjects. For
example, they ask siblings to jump on the bed or
ask a family for a group hug.
• But this type of direction isn’t posing. Lifestyle
photographers don’t adjust the placement of the
hands. They don’t position their subjects.
Environmental Portraits
• Environmental portraits are a mix of traditional
portrait photography and lifestyle portrait
photography. In environmental portrait
photography, the environment and the person
both have importance.
• This type of photo-shoot takes place in a specific
location which has a special meaning to the
person. It is a way to give the viewer clues to that
person’s personality.
• That location could be a home, an office, or a
favorite place outdoors. Or if you photograph a
dancer, it can be a ballet studio.
• While the location is important, environmental
portraits can still use posing techniques.
Candid and Street Portraits
• You don’t plan candid portraits. The best
example is street photography featuring
people.
Photographers don’t have to photograph
strangers to take a candid portrait. But
candid portrait photography doesn’t use
any direction or posing from the
photographer.
• Street photographers often take candid
portraits of the people they meet. There’s
often no setup. The photographer gets
inspiration from the position the person is
taking. The light, the environment or any
other factors create a spontaneous photo
shoot.
Conceptual Portraits
• Conceptual portraits capture an
idea or concept within a portrait
image. Photographers often use
props, setting, or photo editing to
achieve that concept.
• Because conceptual photography
encompasses an idea, the
possibilities are endless.
Levitation, perspective
manipulation, makeup or
wardrobe tricks are common.
Photoshop stunts and post-
processing are part of this
concept.
Surreal Portraits
• Surrealism is an artistic style that
feels dream-like. That style can
apply to portrait photography as
well.
• You can’t photograph something
that doesn’t exist. That’s why
surreal portrait work often
involves Photoshop. You can also
create some with props,
wardrobe, and other photo tricks
• A surreal portrait turns dreams
into real photos. That’s tough to
do, but when done well, the
results are often stunning.
Self Portraits
• Quick, smartphone selfies give the self-
portrait a bad reputation. When done well,
self-portraits can be gorgeous images.
• Photographers use the more elaborate
term self-portrait on a serious portrait. A
selfie is a quick snapshot. Self-portraits
need insight and planning.
• Taking a photo of yourself beyond
holding a smartphone out at arm’s length
is not easy. You can use a tripod to get rid
of that selfie look and extended arms.
• Focusing and composing when you’re in
front of the camera instead of behind can
be tricky. Try using a remote release or a
smartphone with a WiFi-enabled camera.
Then get creative.
Couple, Family and Group Portraits
• A portrait isn’t always a single

person. Photos of couples, families
and other groups together are still
portraits.
• Pictures of more than one person are
often harder than portraits of an
individual. You have more people to
pose together and interact within the
photograph.
• With more people, you can also
capture genuine interaction. You
can’t achieve this with a single
person.
Wildlife Photography
• Wildlife photography can bring out some of the most intense photographers
you’ll meet – people who might spend hours on end waiting for an animal to
wander into the perfect spot, or search for creatures that most people would
rather try to avoid.
• Patience, good gear, and safe shooting locations are all important when trying
to capture animals in the wilderness.
• The type of animal being photographed will also determine the amount of
preparation and type of camera gear required.
• Equipment like tripods and shutter releases and telephoto, wide-angle, or
macro lenses, are usually used in wildlife photography. Sometimes, camera
traps are set up in the environment for an extended period of time, taking shots
using motion detection so that animals aren’t spooked and their natural
behaviors aren’t disturbed by lurking photographers.
Few TIPS
• Use the Best Camera/ Gear
• Use the right Lens
• You need to get up real early to shoot
in the morning light
• You need to allow travel time to get
to the location
• You need to allow time to find the
subject
• Watch the shutter speed, allow for the
light level
• Watch your white balance – Auto
might not be the best choice to catch
the colors
Fill the Frame With Your Subject to Engage the Viewer
• In wildlife photography, it’s often
tempting to keep your distance.
• Resist the temptation. Get close, and
make sure those wild animals fill the
frame.
Why is this important?

• Part of what makes wildlife photography
so compelling is its ability to transport
the viewer into another world: the world
of the wild animal.
• To thoroughly transport the viewer, you
need to offer them intimate detail, and
this is done by filling the frame.
Learn to Stalk Your Subject to Get Close-Ups
• Stalking is one of the most important
tools in a wildlife photographer’s toolkit.
• What does it mean to stalk? Stalking is
the process of getting close to your
subject while in the field. When done
well, it will enable you to get close
enough to follow rule 1(fill the frame
with your subject).
• Step 1: Get low. Really low. On your
hands and knees, or even your stomach.
• Step 2: Move toward your subject
slowly. Allow yourself to start and stop,
to move left and right. Look as if you’re
totally nonthreatening and uninterested in
your subject.
Study Your Subject’s Habits to Capture Unique Moments
• Another part of being a successful
wildlife photographer is Understanding
your subject.
• That is, you must make your own field
notes. You must do your own research
while out shooting.
• If you make a conscious effort to learn
about your subject, you’ll have better
images in no time.
• If you know that shorebirds are active at
dawn and dusk, you can make sure to be
at the best locations at the proper times.
• It’s little things like these that can make a
difference between an empty memory
card and full one.
Shoot Only During the Golden Hours
• Shoot Only During the Golden Hours
• The golden hours are the two hours after sunrise and the two hours before sunset.
This is a time when the light is soft, warm, and beautiful.
• It’s perfect for wildlife photography. If you shoot during these times, you’ll find
that you’ll capture more pleasing images.
• For one, your camera is better able to render the balanced, warmer tones of the
golden hours. For another, your pictures will have something extra—a sort of
elegance—that they wouldn’t possess otherwise.
Focus on the Eyes of Your Subject
• When you’re using your camera to focus
on wildlife, you may struggle to direct its
autofocus points.
• Which part of an animal’s body must be
sharp?
Here’s the answer: the eyes.
• If an animal’s eyes are not sharp, then the
shot is bad. It’s as simple as that.
• The eyes are the first place a viewer looks
in an image. This is true for photos of
humans, birds, mammals, you name it. So
if the eye isn’t sharp, then you’ve already
lost your viewer.
Capture Animals in Unique Situations for More Uncommon
Photos
• Given the number of photographers in the world,
if you want to be a great wildlife photographer,
your images must be special. You must go
beyond taking simple snapshots.
How do you do this?

• The best way to create powerful wildlife images
is to wait for unique moments. These are
moments when your intended subject is doing
something interesting or unusual.
• Therefore, don’t just snap away with your
camera. Maybe take a few shots to record the
beauty of your subject, then start thinking about
more impressive images. It may require patience,
but it will be worth it.
Take Dozens of Images
• In wildlife photography, more is almost always
better.
• In wildlife photography, more is better when
capturing unique moments.
• Dozens of images of a lackluster composition aren’t
useful. But dozens of images of a bird bathing?
That’s fantastic.
• Why is it important to take so many images?
Because in wildlife photography, most of your
images aren’t going to work. Wildlife rarely poses
for you the way you’d like. It turns its head in the
wrong direction, or moves when you least expect it.
• Most of your photographs will turn out bad, but—if
you’re lucky—a few will work, and that’s what
matters.
Points to remember
• Choose a good camera
• Use the right lens
• Protect yourself and your gear from the
elements
• Use the right settings
• Use a sturdy tripod
• Learn about the animals you’re shooting
• Practice shooting
• Apply rules of composition
• Be patient
• Look for good locations
• Don’t be afraid to shoot in bad weather
Landscape Photography
Landscape Photography
• Landscape photography is another way of
saying scenic or environmental photography. It involves taking pictures of a
natural scene – often large and grand, but sometimes smaller and more intimate
– in a way that brings the viewer into a scene.
• Landscape photography is one of the most popular types today, spinning off
several sub-genres such as storm photography, seascapes, and so on.
• Landforms, weather, changing seasons, and ambient light are all aspects of this
photographic niche.
• Playing around with camera settings such as depth of field, shutter speed, and
aperture and using different lenses or filters can create various effects on
landscape imagery.
• Tripods also come in handy when it comes to image stabilization and
panoramic camera functions are also often employed.
Fashion Photography
Fashion Photography
• A cousin of portraiture, but distinct enough to count as its own genre, is fashion
photography. This is a fast-paced world, and the best fashion photographers are
intimately knowledgeable not just about lighting and photography but also the
clothing styles they’re photographing.
• Fashion photography is the practice of capturing models in clothing and other
fashion accessories for editorial or advertising purposes.
• Fashion shots can be taken in a studio, on location in an exotic or complementary
landscape to the clothing or live on the catwalk at a fashion show.
• Fashion photo shoots usually require good gear and lighting. Hair and makeup
stylists are often involved as well, preparing the models in ways that highlight and
showcase their clothing and/or accessories.
• Fashion shoots are all about teamwork, and they are done by a group of people.
The photographer is just one cog in the wheel. Stylists, wardrobe specialists,
makeup artists, art directors, and others make up a team that keeps the shoot on
track and make the magic happen.
Fashion Photography
• Fashion images, strictly speaking, is dedicated to showing clothing and other
fashion items in the best possible terms. At its roots, it is marketing. It uses deeply
ingrained human psychology to create an interest in and a desire for a product.
• Fashion photographers use beautiful models, poses, and exotic locations to help
communicate the brand story and promote the designer's goods.
• It is valid in all types of photography, but it is especially prevalent in fashion–

photographers become known and discovered for a unique style. No one cares
about the equipment you use or even the models you work with. What they care
about is the look of the final images. These images have a feel all their own, made
by talented photographers who make the world look glamorous.
Fashion Photography
Fashion Photography Types
• From high fashion to street style,

there’s a number of different types
of fashion photography, but fashion
photography can broadly be divided
into a few main styles: editorial,
high-fashion, catalogue and street.
• Depending on your budget and
knowledge, experimenting with the
different genres can be a good way
to develop your skills.
Fashion Photography
• Editorial photography - Typically seen
in magazines and adverts, editorial
fashion photography typically aims to
tell a story, with the model in a
particular environment showing the
outfits in different ways.
• High-fashion photography - High-

fashion photography goes several
steps further than editorial fashion
photography, but unlike editorial
images, it’s less about the story and all
about the model, expression, clothes
and poses. Good use of lighting to
create the right mood is essential.
Fashion Photography
• Catalogue photography - Catalogue
fashion photography is far less
elaborate than editorial work, with the
main aim being to show off the
clothing. It’s purpose is to provide
information rather than tell a story.
• Street photography - Street fashion

photography has grown rapidly over
the last few years. Commonly set in
urban locations, street fashion
photography commonly shows
models wearing popular styles of
clothing in relatable ways.
Fashion Photography
How to plan a fashion shoot
• Having a strong concept is a key part of a successful fashion shoot. Once you have your
concept, the planning can begin. If you’re working with a team, it’s important to meet
with everyone to discuss your concepts and ideas. Having an idea of the outfits you want,
the sets you’ll be using, and the mood of the shot is important.
• Fashion shoots - props & sets

• Sourcing outfits & working with fashion stylists
• Working with models
• Equipment
• Lighting setups for fashion shoots
• Be specific with posing instruction
• Give credit to your talent
Sports Photography
Sports Photography
• By catching athletes, coaches, and even fans at the perfect moment, sports
photographs can depict the passion, drama, and emotion that fuels sporting events.
• Sports photographers must aim and shoot quickly to keep up with the action
around them, and it’s best practice to use a higher ISO to shoot at a faster shutter
speed.
• Sports photographers also usually use long, heavy lenses for zooming in on the
action. Interesting angles can help make your work stand out in this competitive
genre.
• Sports photographers use quick cameras and long lenses to zoom in on the action
and capture the winning shots. Photos wind up in publicity materials for teams, in
advertising and marketing, and in the news media online and in print.
• Individual sports, such as golf, boxing, cycling, or track-and-field may focus on a
small depth of field, capturing the intensity of the participants. Team sports, like
football, hockey, soccer, and the like, require a larger depth of field to properly
capture all of the action and the various teams participating.
Food Photography
Food Photography
• Food photography has experienced a remarkable growth in popularity in recent
years thanks to social media. Previously, it was essentially a sub-genre of
commercial work – advertisements, cookbooks, menus, and so on – but it’s
becoming more a part of documentary photography today.
• Sometimes, food photographers will replace the actual foods in an image with
artificial substitutes that look tastier, such as glue rather than milk when
photographing cereal!
• These photos often become advertisements in magazines or on blogs and can also
be featured on packaging and menus or in cookbooks.
• A prolific genre of photography, capturing food usually includes a photographer
that collaborates with an art director, food stylist, and/or prop stylist to get the
final shot.
• Often shot from an overhead perspective or a 45-degree angle changing trends are
now encouraging some narrow-angled shots that use effects like selective focus,
tilted plates, or extreme close-ups to showcase an ingredient or fully-plated dish.
Wedding Photography
Wedding Photography
• Wedding photography can include engagement photos, pre-wedding photos, shots
taken during the ceremony or reception on the big day itself.
• Wedding photography is also one of the larger categories of commercial
photography, with many photographers specializing in this service.
• There are two main approaches to wedding photography: traditional or
photojournalistic.
• The traditional approach typically has posed images that the photographer controls
and directs throughout the event, The photojournalistic approach usually has a
more editorial feel, with candid, more natural images taken using little direction.
• Culture and tradition often play a large part in the style and types of shots a couple
is looking to capture.
• Wedding photography is pretty intense, with an element of getting the best shot
you can on the first try and not really getting a second chance in some situations.
Street Photography
Street Photography
• Street photography is about capturing slices of life that happen in common areas in
a city, such as parks and sidewalks.
• Good street photos find meaning and purpose in seemingly ordinary moments or
interactions, making viewers think about something they would otherwise pass by.
• Many of these types of photographs are also considered to be candid in nature,
usually unstaged and shot spontaneously.
• Street photography is often associated with black and white work on 35mm film,
but modern-day street photos utilize almost any post-processing styles and camera
equipment.
• Subject matter doesn’t always need to include people, however. Capturing
environments that don’t include visible human activity can also be considered
street photography.
Product Photography
Product Photography
• Another branch of commercial photography is product photography, where you
are typically shooting in a studio with careful lighting to accentuate the product in
question.
• Product photography focuses on capturing objects for advertising purposes.
Catalogues, brochures, and websites all use product photography to show their
goods.
• In the same way as commercial portraiture, a product photographer’s goal is to
match the vision of the company in question. An outdoor brand will have different
needs from a high-end lifestyle company, even if both sell the same underlying
type of product, such as clothing or backpacks.
• With e-commerce continuing to grow as a platform and the internet providing a
much faster way for people to bring their goods to market, even the world of
fashion photography is incorporating techniques that no longer require human
models.
Photojournalism
Photojournalism
• Photojournalism is a way of telling the story of a newsworthy (perhaps even
historic) event or scene through photographs.
• Whether it be in war zones, political rallies, natural disasters, or community
celebrations, photojournalists cover breaking news.
• Photojournalism is one of the documentary types of photography, and the goal of a
photojournalist is to document the events as they unfold.
• While there may be some portraiture, the majority of work is done candidly and as
unobtrusively as possible. The photos tell a story of events that are happening all
over the world.
Nature Photography
Nature Photography
• Nature photography covers shooting flora and fauna
• This means plants, flowers, and animals, photographed in their immediate

environments.
• It’s challenging because of the variety of subjects and movement.
• ALWAYS BE PREPARED, This applies to nature photography too.
Nature Photography
Pick the Right Lens for Nature Photography
• Figuring out the best lens for a particular type of photography isn’t an exact science. You
may have different goals for different shots.
• In general, you’d do best to use a lens with a longer focal length. This could be a zoom
lens, with a wide aperture.
• This is for two reasons. First, you’ll want the longest reach possible. Some nature
photography subjects, such as animals, will involve some distance. This way, you can
observe and photograph without disturbing them.
• Second, we’ll want to provide a sharp image of our subject against a creamy, blurred
background. This will make the subject pop. To do this, you need to understand the
foreground and background distances. Use a lens with a wide aperture such as f/1.4, f/1.8,
or f/2.8.
Nature Photography
Separate The Subject From The Background
• Nature photography usually features a
subject such as a plant, animal or flower.
This means that you need to separate that
subject from the background of the frame.
You’ll need to judge the placement of the
elements in the frame. And you’ll need to
make a few adjustments.
• First, you’ll want some distance between
your foreground and background. This
will help separate them in the shot.
Use a wider aperture (lower f-stop
number) such as f/2.0 or f/2.8. Focus on
the subject in the foreground. The wide
aperture should yield a softer, blurry
background.
Nature Photography
Crop Close on Textures
• We draw inspiration from nature for many
things in life. From colors, to sounds,
to patterns. Some of the most interesting
subjects can be right in front of us.
• When shooting nature photography, zoom
in and crop close on your subject. This
could be tree bark, a leaf, the forest floor,
a lizard’s skin.
• There is a whole new world waiting for
you when you look closer. For an even
closer look, invest in a macro lens. These
lenses magnify even the tiniest details and
can produce some amazing images.
Nature Photography
Shoot Your Subject in Their Natural Context for Powerful Images
• This isn’t a hard and fast rule, but
rather, a guideline. If you’re going to
shoot nature photography, try to keep
everything in the shot natural.
• There’s nothing wrong with taking a
picture of the bird on a power line, or
spider on the side of your house.
• It can make for some creative and
interesting. But if you’re after
powerful nature photos, then
photograph animals and plants in their
natural habitat.
Nature Photography
Use Natural Light to Improve Your Photos
• Natural light photography is outdoor
photography using direct or indirect light from
the sun or moon. Nature photos will look great
in the morning or evening light in general.
And during the golden hours in particular.
• This light after sunrise and before sunset has a
softer, hazy quality. It illuminates your
subjects more evenly and eliminates the harsh
midday shadows.
• Imagine a small bird in a tree or even the
leaves of that tree. If that’s your subject, it will
be softly lit with the golden hues of a setting
sun.
• This type of light can provide an emotional
overlay to your images.
Nature Photography
Use Different Angles and Perspectives to Stand Out
• Landscape photography isn’t about pleasing
someone else. Or appealing to someone else’s
sense of style. It’s about shooting what makes
you happy.
• Take the time to study other nature
photographer’s work if you’ve not discovered
your own style and creative.
• What angles do they tend to use? What colors do
they coordinate within the frame? How close do
they get to their subject?
• Try to do something different. Go against the
grain! Use a different angle, shoot a close-up
where others would shoot wide-angle.
• Nature offers us unlimited beautiful setups. Go
out there and take advantage of them!
Nature Photography
Respect the Animals and Environment
• It’s impossible to explain this without using
the phrase “leave only footprints”. As cliche
as it is, it couldn’t be more accurate.
• Be sure to take home any rubbish, even if
you think an item is biodegradable. An
orange or banana peel can take up to 2 years
to decompose.
• Respect the environment you’re shooting.
You have to understand the importance of
not disturbing natural environments.
• We are photographing a sensitive world that
is the home of many living things. We
should make every effort to have a minimal
lasting impact on that world.
ADVERTISING
PHOTOGRAPHY
Advertising Photography
• Commercial photography is used to promote or sell a product or service.
• That’s because the term covers a wide range of photography uses in advertising,
merchandising, product placement, packaging, corporate brochures, menus in
restaurants, social media marketing, and just about anywhere companies sell
products and services.
• Normally the main purpose for commercial photography is to enhance the message
in the text. The photograph is the first thing people see. Commercial
photographers create images optimized for emotions and thoughts. The photo must
be visually supportive of the message
• For ecommerce businesses, high-quality product photography is a key to
sales: 93% of consumers consider visual appearance to be the key deciding factor
in a purchasing decision.
Compelling Composition
• Every photograph has a reading
direction. Lighting direction and
composition work in parallel to
drive the reading direction. Do
you want the viewer to end on a
text (your message), or focus on a
visual element (emotion/action)?
• Commercial photographs are
designed with intent to direct a
flow through the image. The rule
of thirds and the golden ratio are
the building blocks of composition
design.
Use Proper Lighting
• Diffuse, specular, color temperature. Then
learn the lighting style(front light, side light,
back light, three-point) to get a grasp of how
direction of light supports the composition.
• There are two options for product
photography lighting: studio lighting and
natural lighting. The product that you’re
photographing, the purpose of the photo, and
the platform on which you’re advertising it
will help you decide which setup to go for.
Natural lighting can work really well for
product photographs featuring edible items,
people, and clothing, and these natural
looking photos can work well in social media
contexts, like Instagram.
Natural Talent
• Depending on the size of your business you may have to support multiple touch
points with your commercial photography. At the top are brand awareness initiatives.
• In broadcast and print there is still a place for top talent from agencies. In the middle
and with online marketing experienced talent that understands how to look natural on
camera will be a win for your campaign.
• The trick in advertising photography is to get consumers to see themselves in your
brands product or service. Show don’t sell. If the talent is super polished and removed
from a relate-able reality people click and move on.
Modern Techniques
• Use modern technology to make people see it again for the first time. High speed, slow
motion, smoke sensations are a few examples of modern commercial photography
techniques.
• Digital imaging technology is growing exponentially. Freezing high speed action or
slowing it down are two of the most population commercial advertising photography
techniques being used right now to get attention.
TAKE INSPIRATION FROM BRANDS YOU LOVE
• It is always helpful to look to others for inspiration.
• You likely already have some brands in mind that you love.
• Take a look at their product photography and ask yourself how a similar shot or
technique could work for your products.
GET TO KNOW THE RULE OF THIRDS
• Most introductory photo classes, as well as many
art classes, teach the rule of thirds, because it is a
powerful tool. This rule teaches you to visualize
your canvas as nine equal segments, like the
example below.
• The rule of thirds was designed to help artists
create a well-balanced composition in each piece.
It’s also useful to determine where to place the
focus of your piece – your product. Your goal is to
have your product positioned along the lines,
optimally at the point where two lines intersect.
• “Studies have shown that when viewing images
that people’s eyes usually go to one of the
intersection points most naturally rather than the
center of the shot’’
USE SIMPLE PROPS
• When it comes to product photography
props, do not get overly ambitious!
Remember, the main focus of each product
photograph should be the product. With that
said, props can be welcome and help
brighten the photograph for your viewers.
• To show off the cake recipe, they used a
plain white cake stand, a container of
caramel (which is relevant as it is a
component of the recipe), and beautiful
fresh flowers for a subtle pop of natural
color. Even without the flowers, this
photograph could stand on its own with the
caramel sauce as a prop, these items were
used to enhance the beauty of her finished
product.
Few Important Points
• Take multiple shots from varying angles
• Follow the product photography specifications
• When in doubt, stick to a plain white background
• Display the details
• Create a diagram
• Show off your range
NIGHT PHOTOGRAPHY
What You See Between Dusk And Dawn
Night Photography
• Shooting at night is a hard skill to master because shots take longer to expose.
• Night photography produces some of the most stunning images. But it can be
exceptionally frustrating to capture if you don’t know what you’re doing.
• Making pictures by night is a curious practice. While specialists of this subject
embrace it as a deep-seated passion and have a never-ending quest for technical
and creative advancement, those more familiar with daytime photography are
often unaware that tried and true photography rules often need to be adapted or
even overlooked at night.
Night Photography
A STURDY TRIPOD IS A MUST
• Before delving into night photography, you
need a sturdy tripod. Taking photographs in
dim conditions requires long exposures,
which means your camera has to be steady
at all times.
• Get one that can handle a heavy camera,
preferably made of aluminum (or carbon
fiber if you have more money) since it’s
both light and durable.
• Also, consider buying a mini tripod for
tricky angles. Sometimes, the best vantage
points for your night shots may be in places
where regular tripods can’t fit. With a mini
tripod, you can shoot beautiful night shots
from the ground or even a table top.
Night Photography
USE MANUAL FOCUS
• Autofocus in modern cameras may be
highly reliable, but it’s still not foolproof.
Its weakness is especially evident when
taking pictures at night, where your
camera struggles to adjust because it’s
dark. Using manual focus ensures your
camera doesn’t randomly focus on any
part of the scene you’re photographing.
• Don’t switch on the autofocus function
any time during the photo shoot.
Otherwise, it will override anything you
did manually. This technique may take a
while to get used to, but it’s more reliable
than your autofocus in poor lighting.
Night Photography
USE LOW ISO IF POSSIBLE
• Using high ISO seems to make sense when
shooting at night, but doing so also increases the
noise in your images. The newest high-end
cameras these days are so advanced, they allow
you to take noiseless pictures at ridiculously high
ISO settings (up to ISO 3200 or more). However,
for most consumer cameras with limited light
sensitivity range, sticking to a lower ISO is the
most practical approach.
• Just because your camera can shoot up to ISO
25,000 doesn’t mean you should use it. Since
you’re using a tripod, It’s safe to keep your ISO
low. Instead of bumping up the ISO, use slower
shutter speeds and wider apertures, instead. ISO
100 may be impractical for night photography, but
ISO 400, 800, or even ISO 1600 should be enough
in most situations.
Night Photography
USE RAW SETTING
• JPEG is the perfect file format for most casual photographers
since they don't take up too much space on your memory card.
JPEG files can also be uploaded without being converted into
another file.
• However, this file format also compresses your image files
drastically, making it problematic when you’re shooting
scenes with high dynamic range.
• When shooting at night, switch your image files to RAW in
your camera's menu. RAW files take up a lot of space on your
memory card, and your images need to be edited afterward,
but at least the quality of each image is preserved.
• RAW is the best option to avoid grainy pictures due to low
light and post-processing. Unlike JPEG, RAW files maintain
their quality even after post-processing. After editing your
image file, you can always convert a RAW file to any format
you want, including JPEG or PNG.
Night Photography
PLAY WITH DIFFERENT SHUTTER SPEEDS
• If you want to capture moving objects like the cars in the
image above, then switch to Shutter Priority. Just select the
shutter speed, and the camera automatically selects the
aperture.
• This mode helps you produce impressive light streaks and
dreamy landscapes at night. Once again, test shots are
necessary to achieve the effect that you want to create. To
shoot colorful trails, you can set your camera to low shutter
speeds (from 1/30 down to 30 seconds). Just keep in mind that
the slower the shutter speed, the longer the light trails.
• Shutter Priority is also perfect for photographing the night sky.
Typical exposure times for photographing stars is between 10
seconds to 30 seconds. Remember that the stars move across
the sky, so if you expose your shot long enough, you’ll see
start seeing star trails.
Night Photography
EXPERIMENT WITH BULB MODE
• The longest shutter speed for most cameras is about 30
seconds. However, sometimes you’ll find yourself in
situations where 30 seconds isn’t enough to make a proper
exposure. That’s when Bulb Mode comes in. This function
allows you to open the shutter as long as you press the camera
button.
• Since you’ll be opening the shutter for more than 30 seconds,
select a larger f-stop like f/8, f/11, or even f/22 for exposures
that last a few minutes. Using a smaller aperture lessens the
chances of overexposing your shot. For extremely long
exposure times, you can use the lowest ISO possible for your
camera
• Bulb Mode requires more confidence to use, but it also allows
you to experiment freely. Because it lets you expose an image
without any time constraints, it’s perfect for “light painting”
where you can “scribble” or “draw” in the air using light
sources such as a flashlight.
Night Photography
EXPERIMENT WITH REFLECTIONS
• Reflections are a lot harder to capture
during the day as they’re dependent on
the light in a scene. When you take away
the natural light, you only have to worry
about manmade light.
• Try to use as much color as you can.
These will merge in the reflections on the
water. It’ll create a contrast between
smooth and sharp.
Night Photography
USE THE MOON TO CREATE BEAUTIFUL NIGHT
PHOTOGRAPHY IMAGES
• The moon is one of your only consistent
light sources at night. It can produce some
interesting effects for night time
photography.
• You can use also use the moon as a key
part of your image. In the picture below,
the moon is a focal point.
Night Photography
USE THE MOON TO CREATE BEAUTIFUL NIGHT
PHOTOGRAPHY IMAGES
• The moon is one of your only consistent
light sources at night. It can produce some
interesting effects for night time
photography.
• You can use also use the moon as a key
part of your image. In the picture below,
the moon is a focal point.

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BA(JMC) 106 STILL PHOTOGRAPHY

About the Subject

The focus points of this subject will cover the following:

 To understand the Basics of Photography.

• Photography is an art form like drawing and painting. Photographers

• The word “PHOTOGRAPHY” is derived from the Greek word Photos,

• The word “PHOTOGRAPHY” is derived from the Greek word Photos,

Brief History Of Photography

• In 1820, First Photographic camera was made by a French Scientist Joseph

• Camera Obscura is a Latin

Historical Journey of Photography

• He mentioned that natural camera obscura was formed by dark caves on

• During this period, this concept was used as a drawing aid.

• Later, Greek mathematicians Aristotle and Euclid also independently

• Albertus Magnus (1193-1280) later discovered Silver nitrate and Georg

Leonarda Da Vinci’s Pinhole Technique

Historical Journey of Photography

• In time, the camera obscura

Historical Journey of Photography

Historical Journey of Photography

Historical Journey of Photography

Historical Journey of Photography

Historical Journey of Photography

• Daguerre also found that an image could be rendered “permanent” by

• A single early Daguerrotype taken in a portrait studio could cost $1,500 in

Historical Journey of Photography

EQUIPMENT TO PRODUCE DAGUERROTYPES

Historical Journey of Photography

Early Daguerrotype by Gustav

“Blacksmiths” – a hand coloured

Historical Journey of Photography

Historical Journey of Photography

“Carpenters on Lacock Estate” –

Historical Journey of Photography

“Cloisters, Lacock Abbey - 1842” by

Historical Journey of Photography

• In 1848 a cousin of Nicephore Nièpce, Abel Nièpce de Saint- Victor,

• Early photographs produced on this substance were architecture and

Historical Journey of Photography

• In 1851 a new era in photography was introduced by Frederick Scott

Historical Journey of Photography

1865 Albumen print – a

“Pierrot” by Nadar (L) and “Paul & Virginia” – 1864

Historical Journey of Photography

• Banker and businessman Antoine Claudet invented the red darkroom

Historical Journey of Photography

Historical Journey of Photography

Photographer’s Studio - 1893

Historical Journey of Photography

Tripod used for Flat surface photography

Historical Journey of Photography

Historical Journey of Photography

Historical Journey of Photography

Historical Journey of Photography

Videos you MUST watch:

Film Camera also known

Compact Digital Camera

Compact Digital Camera

Digital SLR Cameras