Nature of Chapter:

(1) Quadratic equations are one of the fundamental topics in algebra and
serve as building blocks for more advanced mathematical concepts

(2) Beginning topics are easier, only calculation may make a question
difficult

(3) 2-3 topics of this chapter are used in 12th class also

(4) JEE often includes questions that require the application of quadratic
equations to find solutions, roots, maximum/minimum values, and
other related concepts
 Weightage of Quadratic Equations (Last 5 years)
2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Average

JEE Main 3.0 % 2.8 % 2.9 % 2.6 % 3.8 % 3.5 % 3.10 %

Jee Advanced 3% 0% 0% 3% 2% 3% 1.83 %

 Quadratic Equations
● Relation between roots and coefficients
● Nature of roots
● Transformation of equations
● Common roots
● Analysis of Graphs
● Location of roots
 Quadratic Equations
Critical Topics in the Chapter

● Relation between roots and coefficients

● Analysis of Graphs
● Location of roots
Relation between roots & Coefficients
 Relation between roots & Coefficients
The solution of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, a ≠ 0, is

The expression b2 - 4ac = D is called discriminant of quadratic equation.

If 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the roots of quadratic equation
 Relation between roots & Coefficients

Recall :
If S is sum and P is product of roots then equation is
x2 - Sx + P = 0
Q If 𝞪 and 𝞫 are the roots of x2 - px + q = 0 then find

(a) 𝞪2 + 𝞫2 (b) (c) 𝞪6 + 𝞫6

Solution:
x2 - px + q = 0
α + β = p ; αβ = q

(a) ⍺2 + β2 = (⍺ + β)2 - 2⍺β = p2 - 2q

(b)

(c) ⍺6 + β6 = (⍺3)2 +(β2)2

= (⍺3 + β3)2 - 2⍺3β3
= ((⍺ + β)3 - 3⍺β(⍺ + β))2 - 2(⍺β)3
= (p3 - 3pq)2 - 2q3
= p6 + 9p2q2 - 6p4q - 2q3
Q If 𝞪 and 𝞫 are the roots of the equation 𝞴(x2 - x) + x + 5 = 0.
If 𝞴1 and 𝞴2 are the two values of 𝞴 for which the roots 𝞪, 𝞫

are related by , find the value of

Q If 𝞪 and 𝞫 are the roots of the equation 𝞴(x2 - x) + x + 5 = 0.
If 𝞴1 and 𝞴2 are the two values of 𝞴 for which the roots 𝞪, 𝞫

are related by , find the value of

Ans: 254
Solution:
Solution:
Q If the square of difference of roots of the equation x2 + kx + 5 = 0
is 16, then find the roots of the equation.
Solution:
Let , β be the roots of the equation x2 + kx + 5 = 0.
Then, + β = -k and =5
It is given that ( - β)2 = 16
( + β)2 - 4 = 16
k2 - 20 = 16
k2 = 36
k=±6
Substituting k = 6 in the given equation, we get
x2 + 6x + 5 = 0
⇒ (x + 1)(x + 5) = 0
⇒ x = -1, -5
Solution:
Substituting k = -6 in the given equation, we get
x2 - 6x + 5 = 0
⇒ (x - 5) (x - 1) = 0
⇒ x = 1, 5

Hence, the roots of the given equation are

-1, -5 or 1, 5.
 Multiple correct question JEE Advanced 2015, P2

Q Let S be the set of all non-zero real numbers 𝞪 such that the
quadratic equation 𝞪x2 - x + 𝞪 = 0 has two distinct real roots
x1 and x2 satisfying the inequality |x1 -x2| < 1. Which of the
following intervals is (are) subset(s) of S?

D
 Multiple correct question JEE Advanced 2015, P2

Q Let S be the set of all non-zero real numbers 𝞪 such that the
quadratic equation 𝞪x2 - x + 𝞪 = 0 has two distinct real roots
x1 and x2 satisfying the inequality |x1 -x2| < 1. Which of the
following intervals is (are) subset(s) of S?

D
Solution:
 If ratio of roots of x2 + px + q = 0 is equal to the ratio
Q
of roots of x2 + bx + c = 0 then prove that p2c = b2q
Solution:
 JEE Main 12th Jan, 2019

Q If 𝞴 be the ratio of the roots of the quadratic equation

3m2 x2 + m(m − 4)x + 2 = 0, then the least value of m for
which

D
 JEE Main 12th Jan, 2019

Q If 𝞴 be the ratio of the roots of the quadratic equation

3m2 x2 + m(m − 4)x + 2 = 0, then the least value of m for
which

D
Solution:
Solution:
 Relation between roots & Coefficients

Remark :
Root satisfies its equation
Q If 𝞪 ≠ 𝞫 and 𝞪2 + 1 = 6𝞪, 𝞫2 + 1 = 6𝞫, then the equation whose

roots are is

A x2 - 68x + 4 = 0

B 3x2 - 68x + 4 = 0

C 9x2 - 204x + 4 = 0

D 9x2 - 68x + 4 = 0
Q If 𝞪 ≠ 𝞫 and 𝞪2 + 1 = 6𝞪, 𝞫2 + 1 = 6𝞫, then the equation whose

roots are is

A x2 - 68x + 4 = 0

B 3x2 - 68x + 4 = 0

C 9x2 - 204x + 4 = 0

D 9x2 - 68x + 4 = 0
Solution:
 Relation between roots & Coefficients

Newton’s Formula
If ⍺ and β are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0
and Sn = p⍺n ± qβn
 Relation between roots & Coefficients

Newton’s Formula
If ⍺ and β are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0
and Sn = p⍺n ± qβn
Then, aSn + bSn − 1 + cSn − 2 = 0
 Relation between roots & Coefficients

Newton’s Formula
If ⍺ and β are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0
and Sn = p⍺n ± qβn
Then, aSn + bSn − 1 + cSn − 2 = 0

If ⍺, β and γ are the roots of ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0

and Sn = p⍺n ± qβn ± rγn
 Relation between roots & Coefficients

Newton’s Formula
If ⍺ and β are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0
and Sn = p⍺n ± qβn
Then, aSn + bSn − 1 + cSn − 2 = 0

If ⍺, β and γ are the roots of ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0

and Sn = p⍺n ± qβn ± rγn

Then, aSn + bSn − 1 + cSn − 2 + dSn − 3 = 0

 JEE Main 27th Jan 2024, S2

If 𝞪, 𝞫 are the roots of the equation, x2 - x - 1 = 0 and

Q
Sn = 2023 𝞪n + 2024 𝞫n , then :

A 2S12 = S11 + S10

B S12 = S11 + S10

C S11 = S10 + S12

D 2S11 = S12 + S10

 JEE Main 27th Jan 2024, S2

If 𝞪, 𝞫 are the roots of the equation, x2 - x - 1 = 0 and

Q
Sn = 2023 𝞪n + 2024 𝞫n , then :

A 2S12 = S11 + S10

B S12 = S11 + S10

C S11 = S10 + S12

D 2S11 = S12 + S10

Solution:
 IIT JEE 2011

Let 𝞪 and 𝞫 be the roots of x2 - 6x - 2 = 0, with 𝞪 > 𝞫.

Q
If an = 𝞪n - 𝞫n for n ≥ 1, then the value of is

A 1

B 2

C 3

D 4
 IIT JEE 2011

Let 𝞪 and 𝞫 be the roots of x2 - 6x - 2 = 0, with 𝞪 > 𝞫.

Q
If an = 𝞪n - 𝞫n for n ≥ 1, then the value of is

A 1

B 2

C 3

D 4
Solution:
 Let 𝞪, 𝞫 be the roots of the equation
Q

If Pn = 𝞪n - 𝞫n, n ∈ N, then the value of

is equal to _________.
 Let 𝞪, 𝞫 be the roots of the equation
Q

If Pn = 𝞪n - 𝞫n, n ∈ N, then the value of

is equal to _________.

Ans: 1
Solution:
 JEE Main 26th Feb, 2021

Let 𝞪 and 𝞫 be two real numbers such that 𝞪 + 𝞫 = 1

Q
and 𝞪𝞫 = -1. Let Pn = (𝞪)n + (𝞫)n, Pn-1 = 11 and Pn+1 = 29
for some integer n ≥ 1. Then, the value of Pn2 is
 JEE Main 26th Feb, 2021

Let 𝞪 and 𝞫 be two real numbers such that 𝞪 + 𝞫 = 1

Q
and 𝞪𝞫 = -1. Let Pn = (𝞪)n + (𝞫)n, Pn-1 = 11 and Pn+1 = 29
for some integer n ≥ 1. Then, the value of Pn2 is

Ans: 324
Solution:

Given, + β = 1, = -1
Quadratic equation with roots , β is
x2 - x - 1 = 0
2 = +1
Pn+1 = Pn + Pn-1
29 = Pn + 11 (Given, Pn+1 = 29, Pn-1 = 11)
Pn = 18
Pn2 = 182 = 324
 JEE Main 11th April, 2023

If a and b be the roots of x2 - 7x - 1 = 0, then the

Q
value of is equal to
 JEE Main 11th April, 2023

If a and b be the roots of x2 - 7x - 1 = 0, then the

Q
value of is equal to

Ans: 51
Solution:
 Relation between roots & Coefficients

Now let’s study relation between roots and coefficients for

Higher degree equations
 Relation between roots & Coefficients
For a cubic equation, we have
 Relation between roots & Coefficients
For a biquadratic equation, we have
Q For a natural number n, let Sn = 2n + 3n + 4n,

then value of is
Q For a natural number n, let Sn = 2n + 3n + 4n,

then value of is

Ans: 2
Solution:
Q If 𝞪, 𝞫 and 𝜸 are the roots of 2x3 - 5x + 1 = 0 then find
sum of roots:

A 0

B 5/2

C -2

D 1
Q If 𝞪, 𝞫 and 𝜸 are the roots of 2x3 - 5x + 1 = 0 then find
sum of roots:

A 0

B 5/2

C -2

D 1
Solution:
Given, α, β and γ are the roots of 2x3 - 5x + 1 = 0
Thus, ⍺ + β + 𝛾 = 0
 If α, β and γ are the roots of then
Q

A -2

B -1

C 1

D None

Hint: Observe that here sum of roots is zero

 If α, β and γ are the roots of then
Q

A -2

B -1

C 1

D None
Solution:
Given, α, β and γ are the roots of
Thus

⸫
 If the roots of x3 - 6x2 + 3x + 10 = 0 are of the form a, a + b, a + 2b,
Q
for some real numbers a and b, then find a and b as well as the
roots of given equation.
Solution:
Since the roots of x3 - 6x2 + 3x + 10 = 0 are of the form a, a + b, a + 2b
Solution:
 Let P(x) = x3 - 8x2 + cx - d be a polynomial with real coefficients
Q
and with all its roots being distinct positive integers. Then
number of possible values of ‘c’ is ____
Solution:
 Relation between roots & Coefficients

NOTE :
Whenever we are finding or proving some condition and
during the procedure we get value of some root, always
make it satisfy the equation.
 Find the condition that the zeroes of the polynomial
Q
f(x) = x3 - px2 + qx - r may be in A.P.
Solution:
 Let 𝞪 & 𝞫 are the roots of x3 + 2px2 - qx + 3r = 0 such that
Q
𝞪𝞫 = -1 , prove that either r = 0 or 9r2 +6pr - q + 1 = 0.
Solution:
 Multiple correct question

Q Let 𝝰,𝞫,𝝲,𝞭 are roots of x4 - 12x3 + 𝝀x2 - 54x + 14 = 0

If 𝝰 + 𝞫 = 𝝲 + 𝞭, then

A 𝞴 = 45

B 𝞴 = -45

D
 Multiple correct question

Q Let 𝝰,𝞫,𝝲,𝞭 are roots of x4 - 12x3 + 𝝀x2 - 54x + 14 = 0

If 𝝰 + 𝞫 = 𝝲 + 𝞭, then

A 𝞴 = 45

B 𝞴 = -45

D
Solution:
Observations :

1. (x - 1)(x - 2)(x - 3) =

2. (x - 1)(x - 2)(x - 3)(x - 4) =

Nature of Roots
 Nature of Roots

Value of discriminant ‘D’ determine the nature of roots of equation,

For a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 where a, b, c ∈ R and a ≠ 0

Discriminant D = b2 - 4ac
 Nature of Roots

D>0

Real & Distinct roots

Note: If D is not a
perfect square and
a, b ∈ Q, then roots
are conjugate
irrationals
 Nature of Roots

D>0 D=0

Real & Distinct roots Real & Equal roots

Note: If D is not a Note: a > 0 & D = 0
perfect square and will imply that
a, b ∈ Q, then roots quadratic is a
are conjugate complete square
irrationals
 Nature of Roots

D>0 D=0 D<0

Real & Distinct roots Real & Equal roots Non-Real roots
Note: If D is not a Note: a > 0 & D = 0 Note: If a, b ∈ R, then
perfect square and will imply that roots are conjugate
a, b ∈ Q, then roots quadratic is a complex numbers
are conjugate complete square
irrationals
Q Find the values of k for which the equation x2 - 4x + k = 0
has distinct real roots.
Solution:
Q Find p such that (p - 3)x2 + (p + 2)x + 9 becomes a
complete square.
Solution:
Q If 1 is a root of the equation 3x2 + mx - 2 = 0 and the
equation m(x2 + 6x) - n = 0 has equal roots, then find
the value of n.
Solution:

It is given that 1 is a root of the equation 3x2 + mx - 2 = 0

Therefore x = 1 satisfies it.
i.e. 3(1)2 + m - 2 = 0
⇒3-m-2=0
⇒m=1
Putting m = 1 in m(x2 + 6x) - n = 0, we get
x2 + 6x - n = 0
This equation will have equal roots, if its discriminant is 0.
i.e. 36 - 4 (1). (-n) = 0
⇒ 4n = -36
⇒ n = -9
Q If the roots of the equation (b - c)x2 + (c - a)x + (a - b) = 0 be
equal, then prove that a, b, c are in A.P.
Solution:
Q If p, q , r and s are real numbers such that pr = 2(q + s),
then show that at least one of the equations x2 + px + q = 0
and x2 + rx + s = 0 has real roots.
Solution:
We have, x2 + px + q = 0 . . . (i)
and, x2 + rx + s = 0 . . . (ii)
Let D1 and D2 be the discriminants of eqns (i) & (ii) respectively.
Then, D1 = p2 - 4q and D2 = r2 - 4s
⇒ D1 + D2 = p2 - 4q + r2 - 4s = (p2 + r2) - 4(q + s)

[∵ pr = 2(q + s)]

D1 + D2= p2 + r2 - 2pr = (p - r)2 ≥ 0 [∵ (p - r)2 ≥ 0 for all real p, r]

At least one of D1 and D2 is greater than equal to zero.

At least one of the two equations has real roots.
Q If the roots of the equation (a - 1)(x2 + x + 1)2 = (a + 1)(x4 + x2 + 1)
are real and distinct, then prove that a2 - 4 > 0.
Solution:
 Prove that both the roots of the equation
Q
(x - a)(x - b) + (x - b)(x - c) + (x - c)(x - a) = 0
are real but they are equal only when a = b = c.
Solution:
 JEE Main 2019

The number of all possible positive integral values of 𝞪 for

Q
which the roots of the quadratic equation, 6x2 − 11x + 𝞪 = 0
are rational numbers is

A 4

B 5

C 2

D 3
 JEE Main 2019

The number of all possible positive integral values of 𝞪 for

Q
which the roots of the quadratic equation, 6x2 − 11x + 𝞪 = 0
are rational numbers is

A 4

B 5

C 2

D 3
Solution:
Q The number of integral values of a for which the
quadratic expression (x - a)(x - 10) + 1 can be
factozised as (x + ⍺) (x + β) where ⍺, β ∈ I.

A 1

B 2

C 3

D 4
Q The number of integral values of a for which the
quadratic expression (x - a)(x - 10) + 1 can be
factozised as (x + ⍺) (x + β) where ⍺, β ∈ I.

A 1

B 2

C 3

D 4
Solution:
(x – a) (x – 10) + 1 = (x + ⍺)(x + β)

Putting x = -⍺ in both sides (-⍺ - a) (-⍺ - 10) + 1 = 0.

∴ (a + ⍺) (⍺ + 10) = -1

⍺ + a and ⍺ + 10 are integers (∵ a, ⍺ ∈ I)

(i) If ⍺ + 10 = 1, ⍺ = -9 then a = 8

Similarly β = -9, Here (x – 8)(x – 10) + 1 = (x – 9)2

(ii) If ⍺ + 10 = -1

⍺ = -11 then a = 12, similarly β = -11

Here (x – 12) (x – 10) + 1 = (x – 11)2

Q The value of at is _____.
Solution:
Given
or

Squaring both sides

Now to get value of

 Let P(x) = x6 - x5 - x3 - x2 - x and 𝝰, 𝞫, 𝛾, 𝝳 are the roots of the
Q
equation x4 - x3 - x2 - 1 = 0, then P(𝝰) + P(𝞫) + P(𝛾) + P(𝝳) =
 Let P(x) = x6 - x5 - x3 - x2 - x and 𝝰, 𝞫, 𝛾, 𝝳 are the roots of the
Q
equation x4 - x3 - x2 - 1 = 0, then P(𝝰) + P(𝞫) + P(𝛾) + P(𝝳) =

Ans: 6
Solution:
Transformation of Equation
 Transformation of equation

If roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 are α & β then equation having roots:

(a) 2⍺ and 2β is →

(b) is →

(c) ⍺ + 2 and β + 2 is →
 Transformation of equation

If roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 are α & β then equation having roots:

(a) 2⍺ and 2β is → Replace x by x/2

(b) is → Replace x by 1/x

(c) ⍺ + 2 and β + 2 is → Replace x by x - 2

Remark :
This shortcut works for equation
of any degree.
Q If 𝞪 and 𝞫 are the roots of the equation x2 - 3x + 4 = 0,

then the equation whose roots are is

A 7x2 - 1 = 0

B 7x2 + 1 = 0

C 7x2 + 2 = 0

D 7x2 - 2 = 0
Q If 𝞪 and 𝞫 are the roots of the equation x2 - 3x + 4 = 0,

then the equation whose roots are is

A 7x2 - 1 = 0

B 7x2 + 1 = 0

C 7x2 + 2 = 0

D 7x2 - 2 = 0
Solution:
Q If 𝞪 and 𝞫 are the roots of the equation 2x2 - 3x - 6 = 0,
then find the equation whose roots are ⍺2 + 2 & β2 + 2.
Solution:
Common Roots
 Common Roots

Given two Quadratic Equations, there are two possibilities-

1. They have one root in common
2. Both the roots are common
 Common Roots
1. One root in common
Method-I
When we know both roots of one equation make them satisfy
second equation one by one.

Method-II
Solve two equations to get common root

Method-III
Applying proper condition

a1x2 + b1x + c1 = 0
a2x2 + b2x + c2 = 0
Condition is: (c1a2 - c2a1)2 = (b1c2 - b2c1) (a1b2 - a2b1)
Q Determine the values of m for which the equations 3x2 + 4mx + 2 = 0
and 2x2 + 3x - 2 = 0 may have a common root.

Method-I
When we know both roots of one equation make
them satisfy second equation one by one.
Solution:
Q If the equations ax2 + 2cx + b = 0 and ax2 + 2bx + c = 0 (b ≠ c)
have a common root, then prove that a + 4b + 4c = 0.

Method-II
Solve two equations to get common root
Solution:
Q If 𝞪 and 𝞫, 𝞪 and 𝝲, 𝞪 and 𝞭, are the roots of the equations
ax2 + 2bx + c = 0, 2bx2 + cx + a = 0 and cx2 + ax + 2b = 0
respectively, where a, b, c are positive real numbers
then 𝞪 + 𝞪2 is equal to

A -1

B 1

C 0

D abc
Q If 𝞪 and 𝞫, 𝞪 and 𝝲, 𝞪 and 𝞭, are the roots of the equations
ax2 + 2bx + c = 0, 2bx2 + cx + a = 0 and cx2 + ax + 2b = 0
respectively, where a, b, c are positive real numbers
then 𝞪 + 𝞪2 is equal to

A -1

B 1

C 0

D abc
Solution:
Q If the equations x2 + ax + 12 = 0, x2 + bx + 15 = 0 and
x2 + (a + b)x + 36 = 0 have a common positive root,
then find the values of a and b.
Solution:
Q If ax2 + bx + c = 0 and bx2 + cx + a = 0 have a common root
then find relation between a, b and c.

Method-III
Applying proper condition
a1x2 + b1x + c1 = 0 ; a2x2 + b2x + c2 = 0
Condition is: (c1a2 - c2a1)2 = (b1c2 - b2c1) (a1b2 - a2b1)
Solution:
Q If one root of the quadratic equation x2 - x + 3a = 0 is
double the root of x2 - x + a = 0, then find a (a ≠ 0).
Solution:
Solution:
 Common Roots

2. Both roots common

Condition for both roots common in
a1x2 + b1x + c1 = 0
a2x2 + b2x + c2 = 0

is

Remark :
If both roots of the equations are same then the equations
are called identical.
 JEE Main 2013

Q If the equations x2 + 2x + 3 = 0 and ax2 + bx + c = 0, a, b, c ∈ R,

have a common root, then a : b : c is

A 1:2:3

B 3:2:1

C 1:3:2

D 3:1:2
 JEE Main 2013

Q If the equations x2 + 2x + 3 = 0 and ax2 + bx + c = 0, a, b, c ∈ R,

have a common root, then a : b : c is

A 1:2:3

B 3:2:1

C 1:3:2

D 3:1:2
Solution:
Q Let a, b, p, q ∈ Q and suppose that f(x) = x2 + ax + b = 0 and
g(x) = x3 + px + q = 0 have a common irrational root, then

A f(x) divides g(x)

B g(x) ≡ xf(x)

C g(x) ≡ (x - b - q) f(x)

D g(x) = x2f(x) + 1
Q Let a, b, p, q ∈ Q and suppose that f(x) = x2 + ax + b = 0 and
g(x) = x3 + px + q = 0 have a common irrational root, then

A f(x) divides g(x)

B g(x) ≡ xf(x)

C g(x) ≡ (x - b - q) f(x)

D g(x) = x2f(x) + 1
Solution:

Let ⍺ ∈ R – Q be a common root of f(x) = 0 and g(x) = 0.

Then ⍺2 = -a⍺ - b.

Substituting this in ⍺3 + p⍺ + q = 0, we get

(a2 – b + p) ⍺ + ab + q = 0

As ⍺ is irrational and a, b, p, q ∈ Q, p = b – a2, q = -ab.

This gives, g(x) = (x – a) f(x).

Q The equations ax2 + bx + a = 0 and x3 − 2x2 + 2x − 1 = 0
have two roots common. Then find the value of a + b.
Solution:
 Multiple correct question
Given |ax2 + bx + c| ≤ |Ax2 + Bx + C|, ∀ x ∈ R, a, b, c, A, B, C ∈ R
Q
and d = b2 - 4ac > 0 and D = B2 - 4AC > 0. Then which of the
following statements are true

A |a| ≤ |A|

B |d| ≤ |D|

C |a| ≥ |A|

If D, d are not necessarily positive then roots

D of ax2 + x + c = 0 and Ax2 + Bx + C = 0 may
not be equal
 Multiple correct question
Given |ax2 + bx + c| ≤ |Ax2 + Bx + C|, ∀ x ∈ R, a, b, c, A, B, C ∈ R
Q
and d = b2 - 4ac > 0 and D = B2 - 4AC > 0. Then which of the
following statements are true

A |a| ≤ |A|

B |d| ≤ |D|

C |a| ≥ |A|

If D, d are not necessarily positive then roots

D of ax2 + x + c = 0 and Ax2 + Bx + C = 0 may
not be equal
Solution:
Let & β are the roots of Ax2 + Bx + C = 0

|ax2 + bx + c| ≤ |Ax2 + Bx + C| R

ax2 + bx + c = 0 also has , β as roots

|ax2 + bx + c| = |a| |x - | |x – β|

& |Ax2 + Bx + C| = |A| |x - | |x – β|

|a| ≤ |A|
Analysis of Graphs of Quadratic Equations
Analysis of Graphs of quadratic equations

Parabola Opens Upwards Parabola Opens downwards

Analysis of Graphs of quadratic equations

Significance of D
For D > 0

D > 0 and a < 0

X X

D > 0 and a > 0

Analysis of Graphs of quadratic equations

Significance of D
For D = 0

D = 0 and a < 0
X
D = 0 and a > 0
 Analysis of Graphs of quadratic equations

Significance of D
For D < 0

D < 0 and a < 0

X X
D < 0 and a > 0
 Analysis of Graphs of quadratic equations

Observation :

1. Range of y = ax2 + bx + c is →

2. (i) ax2 + bx + c > 0 x if →

(ii) ax2 + bx + c < 0 x if →

 Analysis of Graphs of quadratic equations

Observation :

1. Range of y = ax2 + bx + c is →

2. (i) ax2 + bx + c > 0 x if → x

(ii) ax2 + bx + c < 0 x if → x

 JEE Main 25th Feb, 2021

Q The integer ‘k’, for which the inequality x2 − 2(3k − 1)x + 8k2 − 7 > 0
is valid for every x in R is:

A 3

B 2

C 4

D 0
 JEE Main 25th Feb, 2021

Q The integer ‘k’, for which the inequality x2 − 2(3k − 1)x + 8k2 − 7 > 0
is valid for every x in R is:

A 3

B 2

C 4

D 0
Solution:
 For what values of the parameter k, the inequality
Q
is satisfied for all real x ?
Solution:
Solution:
 JEE Main 31st Jan 2024, S1

Let S be the set of positive integral values of ‘a’ for which

Q
Then,the number

of elements in S is:

A 0

B ∞

C 3

D 1
 JEE Main 31st Jan 2024, S1

Let S be the set of positive integral values of ‘a’ for which

Q
Then,the number

of elements in S is:

A 0

B ∞

C 3

D 1
Solution:
 Find the range of the following:
Q
(a) y = x2 + x + 1
(b) y = -x2 - 2x + 3

Recall :
Range of y = ax2 + bx + c, if
Solution:

(a) (b)
Q Find the range of the following:
(a) y = x2 + 2x + 4 ; 1 ≤ x ≤ 3
(b) y = x2 + 2x + 4 ; -3 ≤ x ≤ -2
(c) y = 2x2 + x + 1 ; -1 ≤ x ≤ 1
Q Find the range of the following:
(a) y = x2 + 2x + 4 ; 1 ≤ x ≤ 3
Solution:
Q Find the range of the following:
(b) y = x2 + 2x + 4 ; -3 ≤ x ≤ -2
Solution:
Q Find the range of the following:
(c) y = 2x2 + x + 1 ; -1 ≤ x ≤ 1
Solution:
Q The values of ‘a’ for which the quadratic expression
ax2 + (a - 2)x - 2 is negative for exactly two integral
values of x, belongs to

A [-1, 1]

B [1, 2)

C [3, 4]

D [-2, -1)
Q The values of ‘a’ for which the quadratic expression
ax2 + (a - 2)x - 2 is negative for exactly two integral
values of x, belongs to

A [-1, 1]

B [1, 2)

C [3, 4]

D [-2, -1)
Solution:
Location of Roots
Location of roots

Find the value of ‘ t ’ such that x2 + 2(t - 1)x + t + 5 = 0

(a) has x = 2 lying inside the roots
(b) has one root less than 2 & other greater than 2.
(c) has roots of opposite signs.
(d) has roots such that 5 lies outside the roots.
(e) has both roots greater than 5.
 Location of roots

Let 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the roots of quadratic equation

f(x) = ax2 + bx + c where a, b, c ∈ R
Let us consider a real number ‘k’
 Location of roots

Result :
Q Find the value of ‘ t ’ such that x2 + 2(t - 1)x + t + 5 = 0
(a) has x = 2 lying inside the roots
(b) has one root less than 2 & other greater than 2.
(c) has roots of opposite signs.
(d) has roots such that 5 lies outside the roots.
(e) has both roots greater than 5.
Q Find the value of ‘ t ’ such that x2 + 2(t - 1)x + t + 5 = 0
(a) has x = 2 lying inside the roots
Solution:
Q Find the value of ‘ t ’ such that x2 + 2(t - 1)x + t + 5 = 0
(b) has one root less than 2 & other greater than 2.
Solution:
Q Find the value of ‘ t ’ such that x2 + 2(t - 1)x + t + 5 = 0
(c) has roots of opposite signs.
Solution:
Q Find the value of ‘ t ’ such that x2 + 2(t - 1)x + t + 5 = 0
(d) has roots such that 5 lies outside the roots.
Solution:
Q Find the value of ‘ t ’ such that x2 + 2(t - 1)x + t + 5 = 0
(e) has both roots greater than 5.
Solution:

Taking common of all solutions, we get No solution

Q If both the roots of the equation x2 - 2kx + k2 - 4 = 0 lie between
-3 and 5, then which one of the following is correct?

A -2 < k < 2

B -5 < k < 3

C -3 < k < 5

D -1 < k < 3
Q If both the roots of the equation x2 - 2kx + k2 - 4 = 0 lie between
-3 and 5, then which one of the following is correct?

A -2 < k < 2

B -5 < k < 3

C -3 < k < 5

D -1 < k < 3
Solution:
x2 - 2kx + k2 - 4 = 0
⇒ (x - k)2 - 22 = 0
⇒ (x - k - 2)(x - k + 2) = 0
⇒ x = k + 2, k - 2
⇒ k + 2 < 5 & k - 2 > -3
⇒ k < 3 & k > -1
⇒ -1 < k < 3
Q Sum of the squares of all integral values of a for which the
inequality x2 + ax + a2 + 6a < 0 is satisfied for all x ∈ (1, 2)
must be equal to

A 90

B 89

C 88

D 91
Q Sum of the squares of all integral values of a for which the
inequality x2 + ax + a2 + 6a < 0 is satisfied for all x ∈ (1, 2)
must be equal to

A 90

B 89

C 88

D 91
Solution:

-2
Q Find all possible values of a for which exactly one root
of x2 - (a + 1) x + 2a = 0 lies in interval (0, 3).
Solution:
Q If the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a > 0) has two roots 𝞪 and
𝞫 such that 𝞪 < -2 and 𝞫 > 2, then which of the following is
INCORRECT ?

A None of these

B c<0

C a + |b| + c < 0

D 4a + 2 |b| + c < 0
Q If the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a > 0) has two roots 𝞪 and
𝞫 such that 𝞪 < -2 and 𝞫 > 2, then which of the following is
INCORRECT ?

A None of these

B c<0

C a + |b| + c < 0

D 4a + 2 |b| + c < 0
Solution:
Since the equation has two distinct roots 𝞪 and 𝜷,
the discriminant b2 - 4ac > 0,
We must have f(x) = ax2 + bx + c < 0 for 𝞪 < x < 𝜷.
Since 𝞪 < 0 < 𝜷 we must have, f(0) = c < 0
Also, as 𝞪 < -1, 1 < 𝜷 we get ,
f(-1) = a - b +c < 0
and f(1) = a + b + c < 0
⇒ a + |b| + c < 0.
Next, since 𝞪 < -2, 2 < 𝜷,
f(-2) = 4a - 2b + c < 0
and f(2) = 4a + 2b + c < 0, i.e., 4a + 2 |b| + c < 0