Pablo Escobar

Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria (/ˈɛskəbɑːr/; Spanish: [ˈpaβlo eskoˈβaɾ]; 1 December 1949 – 2
December 1993) was a Colombian drug lord, narcoterrorist, and politician, who was the founder
and sole leader of the Medellín Cartel. Dubbed "the king of cocaine", Escobar was one of the
wealthiest criminals in history, having amassed an estimated net worth of US$30 billion by the
time of his death—equivalent to $70 billion as of 2022—while his drug cartel monopolized the
cocaine trade into the United States in the 1980s and early 1990s.[1][2]

Born in Rionegro and raised in Medellín, Escobar studied briefly at Universidad Autónoma
Latinoamericana of Medellín, but left without graduating; he instead began engaging in criminal
activity, selling illegal cigarettes and fake lottery tickets, as well as participating in motor vehicle
theft. In the early 1970s, he began to work for various drug smugglers, often kidnapping and
holding people for ransom.

In 1976, Escobar founded the Medellín Cartel, which distributed powder cocaine, and
established the first smuggling routes from Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador, through Colombia and
eventually into the United States. Escobar's infiltration into the U.S. created exponential demand
for cocaine and by the 1980s it was estimated Escobar led monthly shipments of 70 to 80 tons
of cocaine into the country from Colombia. As a result, he quickly became one of the richest
people in the world,[1][3] but constantly battled rival cartels domestically and abroad, leading to
massacres and the murders of police officers, judges, locals, and prominent politicians.[4]

In the 1982 Colombian parliamentary election, Escobar was elected as an alternate member of
the Chamber of Representatives as part of the Liberal Party. Through this, he was responsible
for community projects such as the construction of houses and football fields, which gained him
popularity among the locals of the towns that he frequented. However, Escobar's political
ambitions were thwarted by the Colombian
and U.S. governments, who routinely pushed
for his arrest, with Escobar widely believed to Pablo Escobar
have orchestrated the Avianca Flight 203 and
DAS Building bombings in retaliation.

In 1991, Escobar surrendered to authorities,

and was sentenced to five years'
imprisonment on a host of charges, but struck
a deal of no extradition with Colombian
President César Gaviria, with the ability of
being housed in his own, self-built prison, La
Catedral. In 1992, Escobar escaped and went
into hiding when authorities attempted to
move him to a more standard holding facility,
leading to a nationwide manhunt.[5] As a
result, the Medellín Cartel crumbled, and in
1993, Escobar was killed in his hometown by Escobar in a 1976
Colombian National Police, a day after his
44th birthday.[6] mugshot
Escobar's legacy remains controversial; while
many denounce the heinous nature of his Born Pablo
crimes, he was seen as a "Robin Hood-like"
figure for many in Colombia, as he provided Emilio
many amenities to the poor. His killing was
mourned and his funeral attended by over Escobar
[7]
25,000 people. Additionally, his private
estate, Hacienda Nápoles, has been Gaviria
[8]
transformed into a theme park. His life has
also served as inspiration for or has been 1
dramatized widely in film, television, and in
music. December
1949
 Rionegro,
Early life Colombia

Died 2
December
1993
The city of Medellín, where Escobar (aged 44)
grew up and began his criminal career

Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria was born on 1

Medellín,
December 1949 in Rionegro, Antioquia
Department. He was the third of seven
Colombia
children and grew up in poverty, in the
neighboring city of Medellín. His father was a Cause of Gunshot
small farmer and his mother was a teacher.
Escobar left high school in 1966 just before death wound to
his 17th birthday, before returning two years
later with his cousin Gustavo Gaviria. At this the head
time, the hard life on the streets of Medellín
had polished them into gangster bullies in the
eyes of teachers. The two dropped out of Resting Monte
school after more than a year, but Escobar did
not give up. Having forged a high school place Sacro
diploma, he studied briefly in college with the
goal of becoming a criminal lawyer, a Cemetery
politician, and eventually the president, but
had to give up because of lack of
[9][10][11][12]
Spouse Maria
money.
Victoria
Henao
​
 ​(m. 1976)
Criminal
Children Sebastián
career Marroquín
· Manuela
Early
Other names El Patró
Escobar started his criminal career with his
gang by stealing tombstones, sandblasting
(The
their inscriptions, and reselling them. After
dropping out of school, Escobar began to join
[13]
Boss)
gangs to steal cars. Escobar soon became
involved in violent crime, employing criminals
Don Pa
to kidnap people who owed him money and
demand ransoms, sometimes tearing up
ransom notes even when Escobar had
(Sir Pab
received the ransom. His most famous
kidnapping victim was businessman Diego
El Padr
Echavarria, who was kidnapped and eventually
killed in the summer of 1971, Escobar
(The
received a $50,000 ransom from the
Echavarria family; his gang became well
Godfath
known for this kidnapping. [14]
El Diab
(The De
Paisa
Robin
 Hood
Medellín Cartel
Organization Medellí
cartel

Conviction(s) Illegal

International drug routes

trade,
Escobar had been involved in organized crime
assass
for a decade when the cocaine trade began to
spread in Colombia in the mid-1970s. bombi
Escobar's meteoric rise caught the attention
of the Colombian Security Service (DAS), who bribery
arrested him in May 1976 on his return from
drug trafficking in Ecuador. DAS agents found rackete
39 kg of cocaine in the spare tire of Escobar's
car. Escobar managed to change the first murde
judge in the lawsuit and bribed the second
judge, so he was released along with other
Criminal Five years'
prisoners. The following year, the agent who
arrested Escobar was assassinated. Escobar
continued to bribe and intimidate Colombian
penalty imprisonme
law enforcement agencies, in the same
fashion. His carrot-and-stick strategy of Signature
bribing public officials and political candidates
in Colombia, in addition to sending hitmen to
murder the ones who rejected his bribes,
came to be known as "silver or lead", meaning
"money or death".[15][11][16] The Medellín Cartel
and the Cali Cartel both managed to bribe
Colombian politicians, and campaigned for
both the Conservative and Liberal parties.[17][18] Hence, Escobar and many other Colombian drug
lords were pulling strings in every level of the Colombian government, because many of the
political candidates whom they backed financially were eventually elected.[17] Although the
Medellín Cartel was only established in the early 1970s, it expanded after Escobar met several
drug lords on a farm in April 1978, and by the end of 1978 they had transported some 19,000
kilograms of cocaine to the United States.[19]

Rise to prominence

Powder cocaine was manufactured,

packaged, and sold by Pablo Escobar
and his associates, and eventually
distributed to the U.S. drug market.

Soon, the demand for cocaine greatly increased in the United States, which led to Escobar
organizing more smuggling shipments, routes, and distribution networks in South Florida,
California, Puerto Rico, and other parts of the country. He and cartel co-founder Carlos Lehder
worked together to develop a new trans-shipment point in the Bahamas, an island called
Norman's Cay about 350 km (220 mi) southeast of the Florida coast. Escobar and Robert Vesco
purchased most of the land on the island, which included a 1-kilometre (3,300 ft) airstrip, a
harbor, a hotel, houses, boats, and aircraft, and they built a refrigerated warehouse to store the
cocaine. According to his brother, Escobar did not purchase Norman's Cay; it was instead a sole
venture of Lehder's. From 1978 to 1982, this was used as a central smuggling route for the
Medellín Cartel. With the enormous profits generated by this route, Escobar was soon able to
purchase 20 square kilometres (7.7 sq mi) of land in Antioquia for several million dollars, on
which he built the Hacienda Nápoles. The luxury house he created contained a zoo, a lake, a
sculpture garden, a private bullring, and other amenities for his family and the cartel.[20]
Escobar at the height of his power
Escobar was also involved in philanthropy in Colombia and paid handsomely for the staff of his
cocaine lab. Escobar spent millions developing some of Medellín's poorest neighborhoods. He
built housing complexes, parks, football stadiums, hospitals, schools, and churches.[21][22]
Escobar also entered politics in the 1980s and participated in and supported the formation of
the Liberal Party of Colombia. In 1982, he successfully entered the Colombian Congress.
Although only an alternate, he was automatically granted parliamentary immunity and the right
to a diplomatic passport under Colombian law. At the same time, Escobar was gradually
becoming a public figure, and because of his charitable work, he was known as "Robin Hood
Paisa." He alleged once in an interview that his fortune came from a bicycle rental company he
founded when he was 16 years old.[23]

The Justice Minister Rodrigo Lara

(center) and presidential candidate
Luis Carlos Galán (left) were both
assassinated by orders of Escobar.

In Congress, the new Minister of Justice, Rodrigo Lara-Bonilla, had become Escobar's opponent,
accusing Escobar of criminal activity from the very first day of Congress. Escobar's arrest in
1976 was investigated by Lara-Bonilla's subordinates. A few months later, Liberal leader Luis
Carlos Galán expelled Escobar from the party. Although Escobar fought back, he announced his
retirement from politics in January 1984. Three months later, Lara-Bonilla was murdered.[24]

The Colombian judiciary had been a target of Escobar throughout the mid-1980s. While bribing
and murdering several judges, in the fall of 1985, the wanted Escobar requested the Colombian
government to allow his conditional surrender without extradition to the United States. The
proposal was initially answered in the negative, and Escobar subsequently founded and
implicitly supported the Los Extraditable Organization, which aims to fight extradition policy. The
Los Extraditable Organization was subsequently accused of participating in an effort to prevent
the Colombian Supreme Court from studying the constitutionality of Colombia's extradition
treaty with the United States. In support of the 6 November 1985, far-left guerrilla movement that
attacked the Colombian Judiciary Building and killed half of the justices of the Supreme Court. In
late 1986, Colombia's Supreme Court declared the previous extradition treaty illegal due to being
signed by a presidential delegation, not the president. Escobar's victory over the judiciary was
short-lived, with new president Virgilio Barco Vargas having quickly renewed his agreement with
the United States.[25][26]

Escobar still held a grudge against Luis Carlos Galán for kicking him out of politics, so Galán
was assassinated on 18 August 1989 at Escobar's orders. Escobar then planted a bomb on
Avianca Flight 203 in an attempt to assassinate Galán's successor, César Gaviria Trujillo, who
missed the plane and survived. All 107 people were killed in the blast. Because two Americans
were also killed in the bombing, the U.S. government began to intervene directly.[27][28]

La Catedral prison
After the assassination of Luis Carlos Galán, the administration of César Gaviria moved against
Escobar and the drug cartels. Eventually, the government negotiated with Escobar and
convinced him to surrender and cease all criminal activity in exchange for a reduced sentence
and preferential treatment during his captivity. Declaring an end to a series of previous violent
acts meant to pressure authorities and public opinion, Escobar surrendered to Colombian
authorities in 1991. Before he gave himself up, the extradition of Colombian citizens to the
United States had been prohibited by the newly approved Colombian Constitution of 1991. This
act was controversial, as it was suspected that Escobar and other drug lords had influenced
members of the Constituent Assembly in passing the law. Escobar was confined in what
became his own luxurious private prison, La Catedral, which featured a football pitch, a giant
dollhouse, a bar, a Jacuzzi, and a waterfall. Accounts of Escobar's continued criminal activities
while in prison began to surface in the media, which prompted the government to attempt to
move him to a more conventional jail on 22 July 1992. Escobar's influence allowed him to
discover the plan in advance and make a successful escape, spending the remainder of his life
evading the police.[29][30]
Death

Members of Search Bloc celebrate

over Escobar's body on 2 December
1993. His death ended a 16-month
search effort.

The tomb of Pablo Escobar and

family in the Monte Sacro Cemetery,
Itagüí

Escobar faced threats from the Colombian police, the U.S. government and his rival, the Cali
Cartel. On 2 December 1993, Escobar was found in a house in a middle-class residential area of
Medellín by Colombian special forces using technology provided by the United States. Police
tried to arrest Escobar, but the situation quickly escalated to an exchange of gunfire. Escobar
was shot and killed while trying to escape from the roof. He was hit by bullets in the torso and
feet, and a bullet which struck him in the head, killing him. This sparked debate about whether he
killed himself or whether he was shot and killed.[11]
Aftermath of his death
Soon after Escobar's death and the subsequent fragmentation of the Medellín Cartel, the
cocaine market became dominated by the rival Cali Cartel until the mid-1990s when its leaders
were either killed or captured by the Colombian government. The Robin Hood image that
Escobar had cultivated maintained a lasting influence in Medellín. Many there, especially many
of the city's poor whom Escobar had aided while he was alive, mourned his death, and over
25,000 people attended his funeral. Some of them consider him a saint and pray to him for
receiving divine help. Escobar was buried at the Monte Sacro Cemetery.[31]

Virginia Vallejo's testimony

On 4 July 2006, Virginia Vallejo, a television anchorwoman romantically involved with Escobar
from 1983 to 1987, offered Attorney General Mario Iguarán her testimony in the trial against
former Senator Alberto Santofimio, who was accused of conspiracy in the 1989 assassination of
presidential candidate Luis Carlos Galán. Iguarán acknowledged that, although Vallejo had
contacted his office on 4 July, the judge had decided to close the trial on 9 July, several weeks
before the prospective closing date. The action was seen as too late.[32][33]

On 18 July 2006, Vallejo was taken to the United States on a special flight of the Drug
Enforcement Administration (DEA), for "safety and security reasons" due to her cooperation in
high-profile criminal cases.[34][35] On 24 July, a video in which Vallejo had accused Santofimio of
instigating Escobar to eliminate presidential candidate Galán was aired by RCN Television of
Colombia. The video was seen by 14 million people, and was instrumental for the reopened case
of Galán's assassination. On 31 August 2011 Santofimio was sentenced to 24 years in prison for
his role in the crime.[36][37]
Role in the Palace of Justice siege

Escobar funded the M-19 communist

guerrilla for the assault of the
Colombian Palace of Justice.

Among Escobar's biographers, only Vallejo has given a detailed explanation of his role in the
1985 Palace of Justice siege. The journalist stated that Escobar had financed the operation,
which was committed by M-19; but she blamed the army for the killings of more than 100
people, including 11 Supreme Court magistrates, M-19 members, and employees of the
cafeteria. Her statements prompted the reopening of the case in 2008; Vallejo was asked to
testify, and many of the events she had described in her book and testimonial were confirmed by
Colombia's Commission of Truth.[38][39] These events led to further investigation into the siege
that resulted with the conviction of a high-ranking former colonel and a former general, later
sentenced to 30 and 35 years in prison, respectively, for the forced disappearance of the
detained after the siege.[40][41] Vallejo would subsequently testify in Galán's assassination.[42] In
her book, Amando a Pablo, odiando a Escobar (Loving Pablo, Hating Escobar), she had accused
several politicians, including Colombian presidents Alfonso López Michelsen, Ernesto Samper
and Álvaro Uribe of having links to drug cartels.[43]

Relatives
Escobar's widow (María Henao, now María Isabel Santos Caballero), son (Juan Pablo, now
Sebastián Marroquín Santos) and daughter (Manuela) fled Colombia in 1995 after failing to find
a country that would grant them asylum.[44] Despite Escobar's numerous and continual
infidelities, Maria remained supportive of her husband. Members of the Cali Cartel even replayed
their recordings of her conversations with Pablo for their wives to demonstrate how a woman
should behave.[45] This attitude proved to be the reason the cartel did not kill her and her children
after Pablo's death, although the group demanded (and received) millions of dollars in
reparations for Escobar's war against them. Henao even successfully negotiated for her son's
life by personally guaranteeing he would not seek revenge against the cartel or participate in the
drug trade.[46]

Sebastián Marroquín (born as Juan

Pablo Escobar) is an outspoken critic
of the violent deeds of his father.

After escaping first to Mozambique, then to Brazil, the family settled in Argentina.[47] Living
under her assumed name, Henao became a successful real estate entrepreneur until one of her
business associates discovered her true identity, and Henao absconded with her earnings. Local
media were alerted, and after being exposed as Escobar's widow, Henao was imprisoned for
eighteen months while her finances were investigated. Ultimately, authorities were unable to link
her funds to illegal activity, and she was released.[48] According to her son, Henao fell in love with
Escobar "because of his naughty smile [and] the way he looked at [her]. [He] was affectionate
and sweet. A great lover. I fell in love with his desire to help people and his compassion for their
hardship. We [would] drive to places where he dreamed of building schools for the poor. From
[the] beginning, he was always a gentleman."[49] María Victoria Henao de Escobar, with her new
identity as María Isabel Santos Caballero, continues to live in Buenos Aires with her son and
daughter.[50] On 5 June 2018, the Argentine federal judge Nestor Barral accused her and her son,
Sebastián Marroquín Santos, of money laundering with two Colombian drug traffickers.[51][52][53]
The judge ordered the seizing of assets for about $1m each.[54]

Argentinian filmmaker Nicolas Entel's documentary Sins of My Father (2009) chronicles

Marroquín's efforts to seek forgiveness, on behalf of his father, from the sons of Rodrigo Lara,
Colombia's justice minister who was assassinated in 1984, as well as from the sons of Luis
Carlos Galán, the presidential candidate who was assassinated in 1989. The film was shown at
the 2010 Sundance Film Festival and premiered in the US on HBO in October 2010.[55] In 2014,
Marroquín published Pablo Escobar, My Father under his birth name. The book provides a
firsthand insight into details of his father's life and describes the fundamentally disintegrating
effect of his death upon the family. Marroquín aimed to publish the book in hopes to resolve any
inaccuracies regarding his father's excursions during the 1990s.[56]

Escobar's sister, Luz Maria Escobar, also made multiple gestures in attempts to make amends
for the drug baron's crimes. These include making public statements in the press, leaving letters
on the graves of his victims, and, on the 20th anniversary of his death, organizing a public
memorial for his victims.[57] Escobar's body was exhumed on 28 October 2006 at the request of
some of his relatives in order to take a DNA sample to confirm the alleged paternity of an
illegitimate child and remove all doubt about the identity of the body that had been buried next to
his parents for 12 years.[58] A video of the exhumation was broadcast by RCN, angering
Marroquín, who accused his uncle, Roberto Escobar, and cousin, Nicolas Escobar, of being
"merchants of death" by allowing the video to air.[59]

Hacienda Nápoles
After Escobar's death, the ranch, zoo and citadel at Hacienda Nápoles were given by the
government to low-income families under a law called Extinción de Dominio (Domain Extinction).
The property has been converted into a theme park surrounded by four luxury hotels overlooking
the zoo.[60]
Escobar Inc
In 2014, Roberto Escobar founded Escobar Inc with Olof K. Gustafsson and registered
Successor-In-Interest rights for his brother Pablo Escobar in California, United States.[61]

Hippos
Escobar kept four hippos in a private menagerie at Hacienda Nápoles. They were deemed too
difficult to seize and move after Escobar's death, and hence left on the untended estate. By 2007,
the animals had multiplied to 16 and had taken to roaming the area for food in the nearby
Magdalena River.[62][63] In 2009, two adults and one calf escaped the herd and, after attacking
humans and killing cattle, one of the adults (called "Pepe") was killed by hunters under
authorization of the local authorities.[63] As of early 2014, 40 hippos have been reported to exist
in Puerto Triunfo, Antioquia Department, from the original four belonging to Escobar.[64] Without
management the population size is likely to more than double in the next decade.[65]

The National Geographic Channel produced a documentary about them titled Cocaine Hippos.[66]
A report published in a Yale student magazine noted that local environmentalists are
campaigning to protect the animals, although there is no clear plan for what will happen to
them.[67] In 2018, National Geographic published another article on the hippos which found
disagreement among environmentalists on whether they were having a positive or negative
impact, but that conservationists and locals – particularly those in the tourism industry – were
mostly in support of their continued presence.[68]

By October 2021, the Colombian government had started a program of chemically sterilizing the
animals.[69]
Apartment demolition
On 22 February 2019, at 11:53 AM local time, Medellín authorities demolished the six-story
Edificio Mónaco apartment complex in the El Poblado neighborhood where, according to retired
Colombian general Rosso José Serrano, Escobar planned some of his most brazen attacks. The
building was initially built for Escobar's wife but was gutted by a Cali Cartel car bomb in 1988
and had remained unoccupied ever since, becoming an attraction to foreign tourists seeking out
Escobar's physical legacy. Mayor Federico Gutierrez had been pushing to raze the building and
erect in its place a park honoring the thousands of cartel victims, including four presidential
candidates and some 500 police officers. Colombian President Ivan Duque said the demolition
"means that history is not going to be written in terms of the perpetrators, but by recognizing the
victims," hoping the demolition would showcase that the city had evolved significantly and had
more to offer than the legacy left by the cartels.[70]

Personal life

Family and relationships

In March 1976, the 26-year-old Escobar married María Victoria Henao, who was 15. The
relationship was discouraged by the Henao family, who considered Escobar socially inferior; the
pair eloped.[71] They had two children: Juan Pablo (now Sebastián Marroquín) and Manuela.

In 2007, the journalist Virginia Vallejo published her memoir Amando a Pablo, odiando a Escobar
(Loving Pablo, Hating Escobar), in which she describes her romantic relationship with Escobar
and the links of her lover with several presidents, Caribbean dictators, and high-profile
politicians.[72] Her book inspired the movie Loving Pablo (2017).[73]

A drug distributor, Griselda Blanco, is also reported to have conducted a clandestine, but
passionate, relationship with Escobar; several items in her diary link him with the nicknames
"Coque de Mi Rey" (My Coke King) and "Polla Blanca" (White Cock).[74]
Properties
After becoming wealthy, Escobar created or bought numerous residences and safe houses, with
the Hacienda Nápoles gaining significant notoriety. The luxury house contained a colonial house,
a sculpture park, and a complete zoo with animals from various continents, including elephants,
exotic birds, giraffes, and hippopotamuses. Escobar had also planned to construct a Greek-style
citadel near it, and though construction of the citadel was started, it was never finished.[60]

Escobar also owned a home in the US under his own name: a 6,500 square foot (604 m2), pink,
waterfront mansion situated at 5860 North Bay Road in Miami Beach, Florida. The four-bedroom
estate, built in 1948 on Biscayne Bay, was seized by the US federal government in the 1980s.
Later, the dilapidated property was owned by Christian de Berdouare, proprietor of the Chicken
Kitchen fast-food chain, who had bought it in 2014. De Berdouare would later hire a
documentary film crew and professional treasure hunters to search the edifice before and after
demolition, for anything related to Escobar or his cartel. They would find unusual holes in floors
and walls, as well as a safe that was stolen from its hole in the marble flooring before it could be
properly examined.[75]

Escobar also owned a huge Caribbean getaway on Isla Grande, the largest of the cluster of the
27 coral cluster islands comprising Islas del Rosario, located about 35 km (22 mi) from
Cartagena. The compound, now half-demolished and overtaken by vegetation and wild animals,
featured a mansion, apartments, courtyards, a large swimming pool, a helicopter landing pad,
reinforced windows, tiled floors, and a large but unfinished building to the side of the
mansion.[76]
In popular culture

Books

Fernando Botero's portrayal

of Escobar's death

Escobar has been the subject of several books, including the following:

Escobar (2010), by Roberto Escobar,

written by his brother shows how he
became infamous and ultimately
died.[77]
Escobar Gaviria, Roberto (2016). My
Brother – Pablo Escobar. Escobar, Inc.
ISBN 978-0692706374.
Kings of Cocaine (1989), by Guy
Gugliotta, retells the history and
operations of the Medellín Cartel, and
Escobar's role within it.[78]
Killing Pablo: The Hunt for the World's
Greatest Outlaw (2001), by Mark
Bowden,[79][80] relates how Escobar was
killed and his cartel dismantled by US
special forces and intelligence, the
Colombian military, and Los Pepes.[81]
Pablo Escobar: My Father (2016), by
Juan Pablo Escobar, translated by
Andrea Rosenberg.[82]
Pablo Escobar: Beyond Narcos (2016), by
Shaun Attwood, tells the story of Pablo
and the Medellin Cartel in the context of
the failed War on Drugs; ISBN 978-
1537296302
American Made: Who Killed Barry Seal?
Pablo Escobar or George HW Bush
(2016), by Shaun Attwood, tells Pablo's
story as a suspect in the murder of CIA
pilot Barry Seal; ISBN 978-1537637198
Loving Pablo, Hating Escobar (2017) by
Virginia Vallejo, originally published by
Penguin Random House in Spanish in
 2007, and later translated to 16
languages.
News of a Kidnapping, (original Spanish
title: Noticia de un secuestro) non-fiction
1996 book by Gabriel García Márquez,
and published in English in 1997.

Films
Two major feature films on Escobar, Escobar (2009) and Killing Pablo (2011), were announced in
2007.[83] Details about them, and additional films about Escobar, are listed below.

Blow, a 2001 American biographical film

based on George Jung, a member of the
Medellín Cartel; Escobar was portrayed
by Cliff Curtis.
Pablo Escobar: The King of Coke (2007)
is a TV movie documentary by National
Geographic, featuring archival footage
and commentary by stakeholders.[84][85]
Escobar (2009) was delayed because of
producer Oliver Stone's involvement with
the George W. Bush biopic W. (2008). As
of 2008, the release date of Escobar
remained unconfirmed.[86] Regarding the
film, Stone said: "This is a great project
about a fascinating man who took on
the system. I think I have to thank
Scarface, and maybe even Ari Gold."[87]

Killing Pablo (2011) was supposedly in

development for several years, directed
by Joe Carnahan. It was to be based on
Mark Bowden's 2001 book of the same
title, which in turn was based on his 31-
part Philadelphia Inquirer series of
articles on the subject.[80][81] The cast
was reported to include Christian Bale
as Major Steve Jacoby and Venezuelan
actor Édgar Ramírez as Escobar.[88][89] In
December 2008, Bob Yari, producer of
Killing Pablo, filed for bankruptcy.[90]

Escobar: Paradise Lost (2014) a

romantic thriller in which a naive
Canadian surfer falls in love with a girl
who turns out to be Escobar's niece.
Loving Pablo (2017), Spanish film based
on Virginia Vallejo's book Loving Pablo,
Hating Escobar with Javier Bardem as
Escobar, and Penélope Cruz as Virginia
Vallejo.[91]
American Made (2017), American
biographical film based on Barry Seal;
Escobar was portrayed by Mauricio
Mejía.[92]
Weird: The Al Yankovic Story (2022),
American biopic parody loosely based
on the life of "Weird Al" Yankovic; Arturo
Castro portrays Escobar who is depicted
as a Weird Al fan who kidnaps Weird Al's
girlfriend, Madonna, to lure him to play
at his fortieth birthday party. Weird Al
instead murders him.
Television

In 2005, Court TV (now TruTV) crime

documentary series Mugshots released
an episode on Escobar titled "Pablo
Escobar – Hunting The Druglord".[93]
In the 2007 HBO television series,
Entourage, actor Vincent Chase (played
by Adrian Grenier) is cast as Escobar in
a fictional film entitled Medellín.[94]
One of ESPN's 30 for 30 series films, The
Two Escobars (2010), by directors Jeff
and Michael Zimbalist, looks back at
Colombia's World Cup run in 1994 and
the relationship between sports and the
country's criminal gangs — notably the
Medellín narcotics cartel run by Escobar.
The other Escobar in the film title refers
to former Colombian defender Andrés
Escobar (no relation to Pablo), who was
shot and killed one month after
conceding an own goal that contributed
to the elimination of the Colombian
national team from the 1994 FIFA World
Cup.[95]
Caracol TV produced a television series,
El cartel (The Cartel), which began airing
on 4 June 2008 where Escobar is
portrayed by an unknown model when
he is shot down by Cartel del Sur's
hitmen.
Also Caracol TV produced a TV Series,
Pablo Escobar: El Patrón del Mal (Pablo
Escobar, The Boss Of Evil), which began
airing on 28 May 2012, and stars Andrés
Parra as Pablo Escobar. It is based on
Alonso Salazar's book La parábola de
Pablo.[96] Parra reprises his role in TV
Series Football Dreams, a world of
passion and El Señor de los Cielos
(season 1). Parra has declared not to
play the character again so as not to
typecast himself.
RTI Producciones produced a TV Series
for RCN Televisión, Tres Caínes, was
released on 4 March 2013, which
Escobar is portrayed by the Colombian
actor Juan Pablo Franco (who portrayed
general Muriel Peraza in Pablo Escobar:
El Patrón del Mal) in the first phase of
the series. Franco reprises his role in
Surviving Escobar: Alias JJ.

The same year 2013, Fox Telecolombia

produced for RCN Televisión a TV
Series, Alias El Mexicano, released on 5
November 2013, which Escobar is
portrayed by an unknown actor in a
minor role.
A Netflix original television series
depicting the story of Escobar, titled
Narcos, was released on 28 August
2015, starring Brazilian actor Wagner
Moura as Pablo.[97] Season two
premiered on the streaming service on 2
September 2016.[98]
In 2016, Teleset and Sony Pictures
Television produced for RCN Televisión
the TV Series En la boca del lobo, was
released on 16 August 2016, which
Escobar is portrayed by Fabio Restrepo
(who portrayed Javier Ortiz in Pablo
Escobar: El Patrón del Mal) as the
character of Flavio Escolar.
National Geographic in 2016 broadcast
a biography series Facing that included
an episode featuring Escobar.[99]
On 24 January 2018, Netflix released the
68-minute-long documentary Countdown
to Death: Pablo Escobar directed by
Santiago Diaz and Pablo Martin
Farina.[100][101]
Killing Escobar was a documentary
televised in the UK in 2021. It concerned
a failed attempt by mercenaries,
contracted by the Cali Cartel and led by
Peter McAleese, to assassinate Escobar
in 1989.
 Fox Telecolombia produced in 2019 a
TV Series, El General Naranjo, which
aired on 24 May 2019, which Escobar is
portrayed by the Colombian actor
Federico Rivera.

Music

The 2013 song "Pablo" by American

rapper E-40 serves as an ode to the
legacy of Pablo Escobar.[102]
The 2016 album The Life of Pablo by
American rapper Kanye West was
named after the three Pablos who
inspired and represented some part of
the album, with one of them being Pablo
Escobar.[103]
 Dubdogz's "Pablo Escobar" (feat.
Charlott Boss), released in 2020, has
garnered more than 5.6 million views for
its official music video.[104]
The 2018 hit single Narcos by the
Atlanta-based rap group Migos from
their album Culture II makes references
to Pablo Escobar as well as the Medellin
Cartel, and the Netflix series Narcos[105]

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External links
Media related to Pablo Escobar at Wikimedia Commons

"The Abandoned House of Pablo

Escobar" (https://web.archive.org/web/
20150902055504/http://www.noacces
s.eu/all/drug-islands/) . noaccess.eu.
Archived from the original (http://www.n
oaccess.eu/all/drug-islands/) on 2
 September 2015. Retrieved 18 August
2015.
Pablo Escobar (https://www.imdb.com/
name/nm1389257/) at IMDb

Portals: Biography Colombia

Retrieved from
"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Pablo_Escobar&oldid=1212540062"

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10:39 (UTC). •
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