REVISION ASSIGNMENT

2. Name a few raw materials obtained by organisms from outside. For what
purpose/s are these raw materials used by the body?
3. compare the mechanisms by which an Amoeba and a human being may
obtain food and oxygen from their surroundings.
4. What are enzymes?
5. What happens to the excess carbohydrates that may be present in plant and
animal bodies?
6. Identify the picture given below and label the parts A, B and C.
 What can be predicted about the status of water available to a plant possessing the
structure by analysing the condition of B?

7. ‘There is a range of strategies by which the food is taken in and used by the
organism.’ Give two examples to justify.

8. Enzymes act on complex food substances and break them into simpler
compounds. Enzymes are very sensitive to changes in temperature and pH.
Every enzyme has a specific pH at which it works. In our body enzymes work
efficiently at 37 degrees centigrade.
An experiment was conducted to study the activity of the enzyme salivary
amylase. Three set ups, A, B and C were prepared. In all the three set ups 1%5
ml of starch solution was put. In A, 1 ml saliva was added; in B 1ml water was
added and in C 1 ml of saliva with 5 drops of dilute HCl was added. All were
kept aside for 15 minutes. After 15 minutes drops of iodine were added to all
the three set ups. Predict the colour change, if any in the three case.

DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, ROHINI

REVISION ASSIGNMENT
TOPIC: TRANSPORTATION AND EXCRETION
Q1. A plant gets rid of excess water through transpiration. Which is a method used by plants
to get rid of solid waste products?
(a) shortening of stem (b) dropping down of fruits
(c) shedding of yellow leaves (d) expansion of roots into the soil
Q2. The image shows the excretory system in humans.

What is the importance of the labelled part in the excretory system?

 (a) It produces urine.
(b) It filters waste from the blood.
(c) It stores the urine till urination.
(d) It carries urine from the kidney to the outside.
Q3. Which option correctly shows the transport of oxygen to the cell?
(a) Lungs →pulmonary vein →left atrium →left ventricle →aorta → body cells
(b) Lungs →pulmonary vein →right atrium →right ventricle → aorta → body cells
(c) Lungs →pulmonary artery →left atrium → left ventricle → vena cava → body cells
(d) Lungs →pulmonary artery →right atrium → right ventricle→ vena cava → body cells
Q4. How is food transported from phloem to the tissues according to plants’ needs?
(a) food is transported along with the water through the roots in the plant’s body.
(b) food is transported in only direction like water in the plant body through xylem.
(c) food is transported from a region with low concentration to higher concentration.
(d) food is transported from a region where it is produced to other parts of the plants.
Q5. Which has higher breathing rate?
(a) Man (b) Fish (c) Dog (d) Amoeba

Q6. Carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged in stomata by:

(a) Transpiration (b) Diffusion (c) Osmosis (d) Breathing

Q7. A blood vessel which carries blood back to heart is:

(a) Artery (b) Vein (c) Capillary (d) Lymph

Q8. The blood leaving the tissues becomes richer in :

(a) Water (b) Oxygen (c) carbon dioxide (d) Haemoglobin

Q9. Blood reaching the kidneys through the renal arteries is rich in:
(a) oxygen (b) nitrogenous wastes (c) carbon dioxide (d) Both (a) and
(b)
Q10. In Amoeba , excretion takes place by :
(a) Food vacuole (b) Osmosis (c) Diffusion (d) Pseudopodia

Q11. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the -

a) Superior venacava b) Pulmonary artery c) Pulmonary veins d) aorta

Q12. Which of the following is the correct path of urine in human body?
A) kidney --> ureter --> urinary bladder --> urethra
b) kidney --> urinary bladder --> ureter --> urethra
C) kidney --> ureter --> urethra --> urinary bladder
D) Urinary bladder --> kidney --> ureter --> urethra
Q13. Observe the figure given below and identify the process indicated in it. The
process and compound ‘X’ respectively are:

A) evaporation, water B) transportation, minerals

C) transpiration, water D) transportation, water and minerals

Q14. Separation of the left and the right sides of the heart in mammals ensures:
(a) a more efficient supply of oxygen (b) no mixing of the bloods
(c) satisfaction of high energy needs (d) all

Q15. Presence of which of the following constituents in human urine indicates

abnormality?
A) urea, sugar, water B) minerals, proteins, water
C) proteins, WBCs, salt D) proteins, RBCs, glucose

DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, ROHINI

REVISION- Respiration, Transportation and Excretion

Q1. Insects and leaves of a plant have pores through which they exchange gases with the
atmosphere. In what way are the two types of pores different from each other?

Q2. Reema participated in a 400 m race competition held at her school and won the race.
When she came home she had mixed feelings of joy and pain as she had cramps in her leg
muscles. After a massage she was relieved of the pain. Answer the following questions related
to the situation.

(a) What can be the possible reasons for the pain in her legs?
(b) Why did she feel comfortable after a massage?
Q3. Observe figure 10.2 carefully and answer the following questions.

(a) Which process is being tested in the activity?

(b) What is the result of the activity? Give reasons.

Q4. If you mix yeast powder in a dough of flour and keep it for some time, it smells sour.
Why?

Q5.What will happen if our diaphragm shows no movement?

Q6. Observe the figures given as figure 10.3 (A) and (B) and answer the following.

(a) Which of the figures A or B indicates the process of inhalation and which the process of
exhalation?
(b) In the figure label the arrows and indicate the direction of
(i) movement of air
(ii) movement of diaphragm
(iii) movement of ribs
Q7. What is the special feature present in a human heart which does not allow mixing of
blood when oxygen-rich and carbon dioxide-rich blood reach the heart?

Q8. Arrange the following statements in the correct order in which they occur during the
formation and removal of urine in human beings.
(a) Ureters carry urine to the urinary bladder.
(b) Wastes dissolved in water are filtered out as urine in the kidneys.
(c) Urine stored in urinary bladder is passed out through the urinary opening at the end of
the urethra.
(d) Blood containing useful and harmful substances reaches the kidneys for filtration.
(e) Useful substances are absorbed back into the blood.

Q9. (a) Name the only artery that carries carbon dioxide-rich blood.
(b) Why is it called an artery if it does not carry oxygen-rich blood?
Q10. Fill in the blanks of the following paragraph using just two words – arteries and veins.

__(a)__ carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all parts of the body and __(b)__ carry
carbon dioxide-rich blood from all parts of the body back to the heart, __(c)__ have thin walls
and __(d)__ have thick elastic walls. Blood flows at high pressure in __(e)_ _. Valves are
present in __(f)__ which allow blood to flow only towards the heart. __(g)__divide into
smaller vessels. These vessels further divide into extremely thin tubes called capillaries. The
capillaries join up to form __ (h)__.

DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL,ROHINI

BIOLOGY REVISION
CLASS-X

Q1. Answer the questions on the basis of your (a) understanding of the
following paragraph and related studied concepts.

i.Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), relatively common digestive disorder

characterized by frequent passage of gastric contents from the stomach back into
the oesophagus. The most common symptom of GERD is heartburn, a burning sensation in
the chest and upper abdomen. Other symptoms may include coughing, frequent clearing of
the throat, difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia), regurgitation of food or digestive fluids,
hoarseness, or exacerbation of asthma. Causes of GERD include relaxation of the muscle
that connects the oesophagus and the stomach (lower oesophageal sphincter), delayed
emptying of the oesophagus or stomach, hiatal hernia, or obesity. A common cause of the
disorder in women is pregnancy. GERD can be treated with antacid or with medications
that inhibit acid production. Treatment of the disorder also includes dietary and lifestyle
changes such as not eating for three hours before bedtime, avoiding acidic or fatty foods or
beverages, raising the head of the bed to discourage nocturnal reflex, cessation of smoking,
and weight loss. Surgery may be necessary in cases of severe reflux. If GERD is not treated,
squamous cells of the oesophageal lining may be replaced with columnar cells, a condition
known as Barett oesophagus.

a) Complete the following flowchart-

Buccal cavity A B Small intestine
b) How does the oesophagus facilitate movement of food to the stomach?
c) What are the secretions of the gastric glands present in the stomach wall?
d) Is the presence of acid in the stomach beneficial? If yes, how?

ii. In order for plants to produce energy and maintain cellular function, their cells
undergo the highly intricate process of photosynthesis. Critical in this process is the
stoma. Stomata (multiple stoma) are located on the outermost cellular layer of
leaves, stems, and other plant parts. An open stoma facilitates the process of
photosynthesis. While an open stoma is necessary for the plant to undergo
photosynthesis, it comes with a negative side effect. Therefore, a delicate balance
must be maintained that allows light and gases to pass between cells, and does not
put the plant at risk for dehydration. This problem is mitigated with guard cells. Guard
cells are a pair of two cells that surround each stoma opening. To open, the cells are
triggered by one of many possible environmental or chemical signals. These can
include strong sunlight or higher than average levels of carbon dioxide inside the
cell. In response to these signals, the guard cells take in sugars, potassium, and
chloride ions (i.e., solutes) through their membranes. An increase in solutes induces
an influx of water across the guard cell membrane. As the volume of the guard cells
increase, they “inflate” into two kidney-bean-like shapes. As they expand, they reveal
the stoma opening in the centre of the two guard cells (similar to a hole in the centre
of a doughnut). Once fully expanded, the stoma is open and gases can move
between the cell and external environment. The stoma’s pore closes in the opposite
manner. Excess loss of water through the stoma, such as during a drought, triggers
chemical reactions that signal water and ions to leave the guard cells. As solutes exit
the guard cells, the pair “deflates,” subsequently closing the stoma like two flat
balloons.

a) How does exchange of gases take place in the plants?

b) What will happen to the guard cells and stoma under the following conditions-
i. there is excess water in the surroundings
ii. there is paucity of water in the surroundings
c) How does stoma facilitate photosynthesis?
d) What is the negative effect of open stoma?

Q2. Observe the following image and answer the questions.

Note: the plant has been kept in the dark for two days to destarch it and then in the sunlight
for 3-4 hours.

a) The leaf shown in the picture above, was dipped in iodine solution after bleaching.
What will you observe?
b) What will happen if the leaf was not bleached before dipping in iodine solution?
c) Why is the leaf dipped in iodine solution?
d) What do you conclude from the above experiment?

Q3. The walls of the small intestine perform the function of absorption of food. How are
they adapted to do so?

Q4. What are the events that take place during photosynthesis?

Q5. Complete the following

Plants:starch::Humans:_glycogen_________
Q6. Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis.
Q7. Design an experiment to show that carbon dioxide is essential for photosynthesis.
Q8. Observe the following images and label/comment-
 a) b) c)

a) The image shows a __________________ leaf. Some parts of the leaf are green due
to __________________________________ whereas in some other parts
_____________________________.
b) The image shows a ________________ leaf. This is done by boiling the leaf in
____________________.
c) The parts of the leaf which were ______________ turn __________________ on
dipping it in __________________ solution due to the presence of ___________.
The _______________ parts do not turn ___________________ on dipping the leaf
in ________________ solution because _______________ does not take place in
the absence of ________________.
d) The above indicates that __________________ is necessary for photosynthesis.

Q9. Amoeba and Paramoecium are unicellular organisms. State one similarity and one
difference in their mode of nutrition.

Q10. On adding iodine solution to chewed boiled rice, Ameya was surprised that the rice did
not change colour to blue-black. Was there any mistake in conducting this activity by
Ameya? If not, what is the reason behind Ameya’s observation?

Q11. A lion has a shorter small intestine than a deer. Give reason.

Q12. The exocrine function of pancreas plays a crucial role in the process of digestion.
Comment.

Q13. Liver is important for digesting an important component of food. Name the component
and explain how it gets digested?

Q14. What is the function of the large intestine?

Q15.In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement

of reason(R).
1. If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the reason is the correct explanation
of the assertion.
2. If both Assertion and Reason are correct but the reason is the not the correct
explanation of the assertion.
3. If Assertion is correct but the Reason is incorrect.
4. If Assertion is incorrect but the Reason is correct.
5. Both Assertion and reason are incorrect.

i. ASSERTION: In the daytime, CO2 produced during respiration is used up for

photosynthesis.
REASON: CO2 is not released by the plants during the day.

ii. ASSERTION: Egestion is the removal of nitrogenous wastes from the body.
REASON: Excretion is the removal of undigested food from the digestive tract.

iii. ASSERTION: Digestion is the process of breakdown of complex organic

molecules to simpler ones that can be absorbed easily.
REASON: Digestion is necessary for the absorption of all kinds of molecules.

iv. ASSERTION: Muscles of stomach wall possess thick layers of muscles.

REASON: These muscles help in mixing the food with the enzymes released by
the stomach wall.

v. Assertion: Fungi are saprotrophs.

Reason : Fungi are dependent on dead and decaying organic matter for nutrition.

2. Name a few raw materials obtained by organisms from outside. For what purpose/s
are these raw materials used by the body?
3. compare the mechanisms by which an Amoeba and a human being may obtain food
and oxygen from their surroundings.
4. What are enzymes?
5. What happens to the excess carbohydrates that may be present in plant and animal
bodies?
6. Identify the picture given below and label the parts A, B and C.

What can be predicted about the status of water available to a plant possessing the
structure by analysing the condition of B?
7. ‘There is a range of strategies by which the food is taken in and used by the
organism.’ Give two examples to justify.

8. Enzymes act on complex food substances and break them into simpler compounds.
Enzymes are very sensitive to changes in temperature and pH. Every enzyme has a
specific pH at which it works. In our body enzymes work efficiently at 37 degrees
centigrade.
An experiment was conducted to study the activity of the enzyme salivary amylase.
Three set ups, A, B and C were prepared. In all the three set ups 5 ml of starch solution
was put. In A, 1 ml saliva was added; in B 1ml water was added and in C 1 ml of saliva
with 5 drops of dilute HCl was added. All were kept aside for 15 minutes. After 15
minutes drops of iodine were added to all the three set ups. Predict the colour change,
if any in the three cases.

DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, ROHINI

BIOLOGY REVISION (RESPIRATION)
CLASS-X

Q1. Answer the questions on the basis of your understanding of the following
paragraph and related studied concepts.

i. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), progressive respiratory disease

characterized by the combination of signs and symptoms of emphysema and bronchitis. It is
a common disease, affecting tens of millions of people and causing significant numbers of
deaths globally. Sources of noxious particles that can cause COPD include tobacco
smoke, air pollution, and the burning of certain fuels in poorly ventilated areas.
COPD is distinguished pathologically by the destruction of lung tissue, which is replaced by
holes characteristic of emphysema, and by a tendency for excessive mucus production in
the airway, which gives rise to symptoms of bronchitis. These pathological characteristics
are realized physiologically as difficulty in exhaling (called flow limitation), which causes
increased lung volume and manifests as breathlessness. Other early symptoms of the
condition include a “smokers cough” and daily sputum production. Coughing up blood is not
a feature of COPD and when present raises concern about a second, tobacco-related
condition, particularly lung cancer. Patients with COPD are vulnerable to episodic worsening
of their condition (called exacerbation). Exacerbations are triggered by infection, either
bacterial or viral. Therefore, antibiotics, which work against bacteria, are not always required.
Frequent exacerbations, particularly if severe enough to warrant hospital admission, indicate
a poor prognosis. The only therapeutic intervention shown to alter the course of COPD is
removal of the noxious trigger, which can be accomplished in most cases by cessation
of smoking. Treatments used in the early stages of disease include vaccination
against influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia and administration of drugs that widen the
airways.
 a) How is the production of mucus in the respiratory tract beneficial for us?
b) What happens to the lungs during inhalation and exhalation?
c) How are the lungs adapted for exchange of gases?
d) How is respiration in unicellular animals different from respiration in multicellular
animals?

ii. Anaerobic respiration in yeast

Anaerobic respiration is economically important - many of our foods are produced by

microorganisms respiring anaerobically.
Yeast is used to make alcoholic drinks. When yeast cells are reproducing rapidly
during beer or wine production, the oxygen is used up. The yeast has to switch to
using anaerobic respiration to ensure it can survive. Ethanol and carbon dioxide are
produced.
Yeast can also be used to produce bread. Yeast respires using glucose in the sugar
that was added to the dough. Bubbles of carbon dioxide make the bread rise. The alcohol
that's produced evaporates as the bread is baked.

Anaerobic respiration in plants

Certain plants can also respire anaerobically. These include plants that grow in marshes,
where oxygen concentrations will be low. Plant roots that are in waterlogged soil do not have
much oxygen available. The root cells therefore carry out anaerobic respiration.

a) What is the difference between anaerobic respiration in yeast and anaerobic

respiration in humans?
b) Why can’t we taste/smell alcohol in bread?
c) Does anaerobic respiration take place in humans? If yes, write its word equation.
d) Which type of respiration is more efficient?

Q2. Aakaash observed the number of times a fish opened and closed its mouth/gill slits in a
minute and compared it with his breathing rate. Whose breathing rate would be higher?
Why?

Q3. What happens to the glucose molecule in the

i. Cytoplasm
ii. Mitochondria
Q4. Why do we experience muscle cramps after vigorous exercise?

Q5. The following questions consist of two statements- Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Answer these questions selecting the correct option given below:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
c) A is true R is false.
d) A is false R is true.
e) Both are false.
i. Assertion : Alveoli contain an extensive network of blood vessels.
Reason: Alveoli are the site where exchange of gases occurs.
ii. Assertion : Haemoglobin is the respiratory pigment in human beings.
Reason: It transports oxygen in the human body.

iii. Assertion : Humans are not truly aerobic.

Reason: They produce lactic acid anaerobically.

iv. Assertion : In anaerobic respiration, one of the end product is alcohol.

Reason: There is an incomplete breakdown of glucose.

v. Assertion: Respiration is a biochemical process opposite to photosynthesis.

Reason: Energy is released during respiration.

vi. Assertion: There is no need for special respiratory organs in plants

Reason: Plants do not have great demands for gaseous exchange.

Q6. An experiment is set up as shown. Flasks 1 and 2 contain lime water. Air is pumped through
the flasks.

What is the appearance of lime water in flasks 1 and 2 after a period of ten minutes?

Flask 1 Flask 2

(a) Clear Clear

(b) Clear White/Cloudy

(c) White/Cloudy Clear

(d) White/Cloudy White/Cloudy

Q7. How is respiration in plants different from respiration in animals?

Q8. What is the difference between respiration and breathing?

Q9. Design an activity to show that carbon dioxide is released during breathing.

Q10. A student set up apparatus as shown in figure. After 8 hours what is he likely to
observe. Explain the reasons.