Chemical Reactions and Equations (Activity)

Class 10 Chapter 1
Chemical Reactions and Equations (Activity)

-Deep Sir
Activity 1.1
CAUTION: This Activity needs the teacher’s assistance. It would be better if students wear suitable eyeglasses.
 Clean a magnesium ribbon about 3-4 cm long by rubbing it with sandpaper.

 Hold it with a pair of tongs. Burn it using a spirit lamp or burner and collect the ash so formed in a watch-glass as shown in
Fig. 1.1. Burn the magnesium ribbon keeping it away as far as possible from your eyes.
 What do you observe?
Answer:
Burning of a clean magnesium ribbon with a dazzling white flame to form white powder (magnesium oxide).
Activity 1.2
 Take lead nitrate solution in a test tube.
 Add potassium iodide solution to this.
Answer:
A yellow precipitate of lead iodide appears at the bottom
Activity 1.3
 Take a few zinc granules in a conical flask or a test tube.
 Add dilute hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid to this (Fig. 1.2).
CAUTION: Handle the acid with care.
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◾ Do you observe anything happening around the zinc granules?
Answer:
Bubbles are observed around zinc granules due to release of hydrogen.
◾ Touch the conical flask or test tube. Is there any change in its temperature?
Answer:
Conical flask becomes hot. Because it is an exothermic reaction.
Activity 1.4
 Take a small amount of calcium oxide or quick lime in a beaker.

 Slowly add water to this.
 Touch the beaker as shown in Fig. 1.3.
 Do you feel any change in temperature?
Answer:
Beaker becomes hot. Calcium oxide reacts vigorously with water to produce slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) releasing heat.
Deep Sir Page 2

Activity 1.5
 Take about 2 g ferrous sulphate crystals in a dry boiling tube.
 Note the colour of the ferrous sulphate crystals. (Colour is green).
 Heat the boiling tube over the flame of a burner or spirit lamp as shown in Fig. 1.4.
 Observe the colour of the crystals after heating.
Answer:
The green colour of ferrous sulphate (FeSO4. 7H2O) is changed to white due to the formation of anhydrous ferrous sulphate
((FeSO4). i.e., water is lost. On further heating, it becomes reddish-brown colour due to the decomposition of ferrous sulphate to
ferric oxide (Fe2O3), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and sulphur trioxide (SO3) with a characteristic odour of burning sulphur.
Activity 1.6
.
 Take about 2 g lead nitrate powder in a boiling tube.

 Hold the boiling tube with a pair of tongs and heat it over a flame, as shown in Fig. 1.5.
 What do you observe? Note down the change, if any.
Deep Sir Page 3

Answer:
Brown fumes of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are emitted.
Activity 1.7
 Take a plastic mug. Drill two holes at its base and fit rubber stoppers in these holes. Insert carbon electrodes in these rubber stoppers
as shown in Fig. 1.6.
 Connect these electrodes to a 6 volt battery.
 Fill the mug with water such that the electrodes are immersed. Add a few drops of dilute sulphuric acid to the water.
 Take two test tubes filled with water and invert them over the two carbon electrodes.
 Switch on the current and leave the apparatus undisturbed for some time.
 You will observe the formation of bubbles at both the electrodes. These bubbles displace water in the test tubes.
 Is the volume of the gas collected the same in both the test tubes? (No)
 Once the test tubes are filled with the respective gases, remove them carefully.
 Test these gases one by one by bringing a burning candle close to the mouth of the test tubes.
 What happens in each case?
 Which gas is present in each test tube?
Answer:
When we bring a burning candle to the gas at cathode, it burns immediately. But gas at anode does not burn.
At cathode (-ve electrode), hydrogen gas is collected. At anode (+ve electrode), oxygen is collected.
At cathode, double amount of gas is collected as compared to anode because during the break down of water, 2H molecule is
released with 1 oxygen molecule.
Deep Sir Page 4

Activity 1.8
 Take about 2 g silver chloride in a china dish.

 What is its colour? (White).
 Place this china dish in sunlight for some time (Fig. 1.7).
 Observe the colour of the silver chloride after some time.
Answer:
Colour of Silver chloride turns grey. This is due to the decomposition of silver chloride into silver and chlorine by light.
Activity 1.9
 Take three iron nails and clean them by rubbing with sand paper.
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 Take two test tubes marked as (A) and (B). In each test tube, take about 10 mL copper sulphate solution.
 Tie two iron nails with a thread and immerse them carefully in the copper sulphate solution in test tube B for about 20
minutes [Fig. 1.8 (a)]. Keep one iron nail aside for comparison.
 After 20 minutes, take out the iron nails from the copper sulphate solution.
 Compare the intensity of the blue colour of copper sulphate solutions in test tubes (A) and (B) [Fig. 1.8 (b)].
 Also, compare the colour of the iron nails dipped in the copper sulphate solution with the one kept aside [Fig. 1.8 (b)].
Answer:
After 20 minutes, take out the iron nails. They become brownish in colour. Blue colour of CuSO 4 solution fades.
This is due to the following chemical reaction:
Here, iron has displaced by copper from CuSO4 solution.
Activity 1.10
 Take about 3 mL of sodium sulphate solution in a test tube.

 In another test tube, take about 3 mL of barium chloride solution.
 Mix the two solutions (Fig. 1.9).
Answer:
A white substance (BaSO4) is formed by the reaction of SO42– and Ba2+. This water insoluble substance is
called precipitate. Any reaction that produces a precipitate is called precipitation reaction.
The other product (sodium chloride) remains in solution.
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Activity 1.11
 Heat a china dish containing about 1 g copper powder (Fig. 1.10).

Answer:
The surface of copper powder becomes coated with black copper(II) oxide. This is because oxygen is added to copper and
copper oxide is formed.
Deep Sir Page 7

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Class 10 Chapter 1

Chemical Reactions and Equations (Activity)

 Clean a magnesium ribbon about 3-4 cm long by rubbing it with sandpaper.

Deep Sir Page 1

 Take a small amount of calcium oxide or quick lime in a beaker.

Deep Sir Page 2

 Take about 2 g ferrous sulphate crystals in a dry boiling tube.

 Note the colour of the ferrous sulphate crystals. (Colour is green).

 Observe the colour of the crystals after heating.

 Take about 2 g lead nitrate powder in a boiling tube.

Deep Sir Page 3

Deep Sir Page 4

 Take about 2 g silver chloride in a china dish.

Deep Sir Page 5

Here, iron has displaced by copper from CuSO4 solution.

 Take about 3 mL of sodium sulphate solution in a test tube.

Deep Sir Page 6

 Heat a china dish containing about 1 g copper powder (Fig. 1.10).

Deep Sir Page 7

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