MathSmart 2B Chapter 9 Pythagoras' Theorem and Irrational Numbers

Book 2B Chapter 9 Pythagoras' Theorem and Irrational Numbers

9.1 Square Roots and nth Roots

Textbook Example Videos

Example 9.1

Level 1

Find the value of each of the following expressions without using a calculator. (1 – 15)
1. 16 2.  36 3. 49

4.  64 5. 169 6.  225

7. 3
64 8. 3
8 9. 3
27

10.  4 16 11. 4
81 12. 4
64  4

13. 62  45 14. 82  152 15.  53  22

Find the value of each of the following expressions correct to 3 significant figures. (16 – 24)
16. 5 17.  20 18. 44

19. 3  15 20. 96  29 21. 57  45

22. 7 2  32 23. 82  32 24. 63  4 2

25. The length of a side of a square is 3x cm. If the area of the square is 81 cm2, find x.

26. The length and the width of a rectangle are 7x cm and x cm respectively. If the area of the rectangle is
343 cm2, find x.

27. The figure shows a trapezium. If the area of the trapezium is 144 cm2, 8x cm

find x.

6x cm

4x cm

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 MathSmart 2B Chapter 9 Pythagoras' Theorem and Irrational Numbers

28. A rectangle is made up of two identical squares each of side x cm. It is given that the area of the rectangle
is 69 cm2, find x. (Give the answer correct to 2 decimal places.)

Level 2

Find the value of each of the following expressions without using a calculator. (29 – 34)
3
49 121 1
29. 30. 31. 
81 36 27

32. 0.25 33. 144  64 34. 3

4  100

35. The perimeter of a square is 8x cm. If the area of the square is 36 cm2, find x.

36. In the figure, a small square of side x cm is cut from a large square of 2x cm

side 2x cm. It is given that the area of the remaining part is 147 cm2. x cm

(a) Find x.
(b) Find the perimeter of the remaining part.

37. The area and the diameter of a circle are 640 cm2 and 3d cm respectively. Find d.
(Give the answer correct to 3 significant figures.)

8
38. The length, the width and the height of a cuboid are 3x cm, x cm and x cm respectively. If the volume of
9
the cuboid is 576 cm3, find x.

Explain 39. There is a cubic container with no lid. It is given that the total inner surface area of the container is
180 cm2. Tim claims that the cubic container can contain 200 cm3 of water. Do you agree? Explain
your answer.

Explain 40. The length and the width of a rectangle are (7x + 1) cm and (7x – 1) cm respectively. It is given that
the area of the rectangle is 195 cm2. Molly claims that x can be 2 or –2. Do you agree? Explain your
answer.

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 9 Pythagoras' Theorem and Irrational Numbers

Level 3

41. In the figure, ABCD is a square of side 4x cm. E, F, G and H are the A E D

mid-points of AD, AB, BC and CD respectively and EFGH is a square.

It is given that the area of EFGH is 200 cm2. Find x.
F H
Hint

B G C

42. Teresa cuts out 4 identical squares of side x cm from the corners of
a piece of paper of length 50 cm and width 40 cm. She then folds the
net to form an open rectangular box. It is given that the total outer
surface area of the box is 1600 cm2.
(a) (i) Find x.
(ii) Hence, find the capacity of the box in cm3. x cm

Explain (b) Teresa claims that if she cuts out 4 identical squares x cm
x
of side cm from the corners of the same piece of Hint
2
paper instead, the capacity of the box would be less
than that in (a)(ii). Do you agree? Explain your
answer.

Multiple Choice Questions

43. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. 92  9
B. (9)2  9
C.  92  9
D. 92  9

44. The cube root of –512 is

A. 16.
B. 8.
C. –8.
D. –2.

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 9 Pythagoras' Theorem and Irrational Numbers

4
45. 81 =
A. 9.
B. –9 or 9.
C. 3.
D. –3 or 3.

46. 5
1024 =
A. –4.
B. –2.
C. 2.
D. 4.

47. Which of the following is/are the square root(s) of 9?

I. 3
II. –3
III. 81
A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. I and II only

48. In the figure, the area of the triangle is 480. Find x.

A. 4
3x
B. 4 or –4
C. 8
5x
D. 8 or –8

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 9 Pythagoras' Theorem and Irrational Numbers

9.2 Pythagoras' Theorem and its Applications

Textbook Example Videos

Example 9.2 Example 9.3 Example 9.4 Example 9.5

Example 9.6

In this exercise, unless otherwise specified, give your answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.

Level 1

Find the unknown in each of the following triangles. (1 – 18)

1. P 2. 3.
A
C
y x 48
8 14
4
A x B
B C
15
Q 3 R

4. 5. 6. P
B
B
b
a x
4 2 17
R
A
C 5
A 7 C 11
Q

7. 5 8. 9.
B A
P
B
25
37
7 a
x 13
Q y R A
35 C

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 9 Pythagoras' Theorem and Irrational Numbers

10. 11. A 12.

P 24
R
20
A C

26 b
x 10 a 31

B Q
B C
16

13. 14. 15. Q

C
P
12
R a 17 28 b

y
6
A 27 B P R
38
Q

16. A 17. A
18.

8 B
A
162
x 164 4a x
3x

C
B 5a C
B x C

19. In the figure, ABCD is a square. If BD = 50 cm, find the A D

perimeter of square ABCD.

B C

20. In the figure, PQRS is a rectangle. Find the perimeter of rectangle P S

PQRS.

3b cm 35 cm

Q 4b cm R

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 9 Pythagoras' Theorem and Irrational Numbers

21. In the figure, PQ is a vertical pole of height 7 m on a horizontal ground. P

It is secured by a wire connecting the top P of the pole to point R on the
ground. If Q and R are 3 m apart, find the length of the wire.

ground
Q R

22. In the figure, a ladder AB of length 3 m leans against a vertical

wall. If the top A of the ladder is 2.4 m above the ground, what A
is the distance between the foot B of the ladder and the wall? ladder

3m
2.4 m

B O

23. Jim rides a bicycle at an average speed of 15 km/h on a horizontal ground. He A

1
travels south for 1 hour from A to B and then travels east for hours to C.
3
Find the distance between A and C. N

B C

24. Debby runs at an average speed of 6 km/h on a horizontal ground in a park. R

1
She runs west for hours from P to Q and then runs north for 2 hours to R.
2
Find the distance between P and R.
N

Q P

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 9 Pythagoras' Theorem and Irrational Numbers

25. Justin and Mark are cycling on a horizontal ground. They start at the same N
A
point A at the same time. Justin travels south at an average speed of 15 km/h C
while Mark travels east at an average speed of 8 km/h. After x hours, they are
51 km apart. Find x.

26. Doris and Luna are doing exerise on a horizontal ground in a park. Q
N
They start at the same point P at the same time. Doris runs north at
an average speed of 12 km/h while Luna runs east at an average
speed of 9 km/h. After y hours, they are 5 km apart. Find y.

R
P

Level 2

Find the unknowns in each of the following figures. (27 – 32)

27. A 28. 29. P

P
24
29 40
15 y 12 y
x
Q
x
Q y
S
15 R 21
B 4 C x D R 30 S
QRS is a straight line.
BCD is a straight line.

30. 31. Q 32.

Q y y
28
R P D
P x 169
A
y
x 156
16 5y
56 12x
30
B
5x
R 65 S C
S

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 9 Pythagoras' Theorem and Irrational Numbers

33. In the figure, C is a point lying on BD such that AB = BC. A

It is given that BC : CD = 8 : 7.
34 cm
(a) Find the lengths of AB and CD.
(b) Find the areas of
(i) △ACD, D
B C
(ii) △ABD.

34. In the figure, ABFG and BCDE are two squares adjacent to each other A G
such that ABC and BFE are straight lines. It is given that AG = 16 cm
and FE = 8 cm. Find the lengths of
B E
F
(a) AF,
(b) AD.

C D

35. In the figure, PRSQ and STUV are two squares such that PSU, Q
P
QST and RSV are straight lines. It is given that QV = 25 cm and
ST = 7 cm. Find the length of PU.

R V
S

T U

36. In the figure, AB and CD are two vertical poles on a A

horizontal ground. The tops of the two poles are 8m

connected by a wire of length 8 m. Find the distance
5m C
between
2m
(a) B and D, ground
B D
(b) B and C.

37. In the figure, PQRS is a trapezium. It is given that PS = 11 cm, P 11 cm S

QR = 9 cm and SR = 13 cm. Find the length of QS.

13 cm

Q 9 cm R

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 MathSmart 2B Chapter 9 Pythagoras' Theorem and Irrational Numbers

38. In the figure, ABCDEFGH is a cuboid. It is given that AF = 4 m, E H

AB = 12 m and BC = 6 m. Find the perimeter of △ACE.

G
F
C
D

A B

Explain 39. Elsa and Agnes take different routes to run from A to D. The N

average running speeds of Elsa and Agnes are 12 km/h and A 3 km B

7 km/h respectively. Elsa runs east from A to B, then runs south
to C and finally runs east to D while Agnes runs straight from A 4 km
to D. If they leave A at the same time, who will reach D first?
Explain your answer. C 7 km D

40. A wire of length 81 cm is bent into an isosceles right-angled triangle PQR P

as shown in the figure. Find the lengths of

(a) PQ,
(b) PR.

Q R

41. A wire of length 120 cm is bent into a right-angled triangle ABC as A

shown in the figure. It is given that AB : BC = 12 : 7. Find the length

of AC.

B C

42. In the figure, PQRU and URST are two identical squares adjacent P U T

to each other such that QRS and PUT are straight lines. PS and UR
PS 2 V
intersect at point V. Prove that PQ2 + PV2 + VR2 = .
2

Q R S

43. In the figure, ABCD is a rectangle. E is a point lying on BC such A D

that AED is a right angle. If AE = 12 cm and DE = 35 cm, find

the lengths of
(a) AD, B E C
(b) CD.

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 9 Pythagoras' Theorem and Irrational Numbers

44. In the figure, ABCD is a square. A circle of the largest size is drawn inside A D
the square. If AC = 500 cm, find the area of the shaded region.

B C

45. In the figure, M and N are the mid-points of AB and BC respectively.

A
(a) Prove that MN2 + AC2 = AN2 + MC2.
Explain (b) If MN = 10, is it possible to find the value of AN2 + MC2?
Explain your answer. M

B N C

Level 3

46. In the figure, △PQS is a right-angled triangle where PQS = 90. P

R is a point lying on QS. It is given that RS = 120 cm, PR = 137 cm

233 cm
and PS = 233 cm. Find the lengths of Hint 137 cm
(a) QR,
(b) PQ. S
Q R 120 cm

47. In the figure, R is a point lying on QS such that PR  QS. It is given

P
that QPS = 90, PR = 12 cm and PS = 15 cm.
(a) Prove that
(i) △PQR ~ △SQP, Hint

(ii) △PRS ~ △QPS. Q S

R
(b) Find the lengths of PQ and QR.
(c) Hence, find the area of △PQR.

48. In the figure, △PQR is a right-angled triangle. U, S and T are points P

lying on PQ, PR and QR resepctively such that UQTS is a square.

S
U
If PQ = 28 cm and QR = 45 cm, find the lengths of
(a) QT, Hint

(b) SR. Q R
T

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 9 Pythagoras' Theorem and Irrational Numbers

49. In the figure, AB, CD and EF are three vertical poles on a A

horizontal ground. Two wires AED and BEC are used to C
secure the poles. It is given that AED, BEC and BFD are
E
straight lines, AB = 15 m, CD = 10 m and BD = 20 m.
(a) Find the height of the pole EF. Hint ground
B F D
Explain (b) Which part of the wires, AE or BE,
is longer? Explain your answer.

Multiple Choice Questions

50. It is given that the length of one of the sides of a right-angled triangle is 65 cm. Which of the following are
the possible lengths of the remaining sides?
I. 25 cm and 50 cm
II. 56 cm and 33 cm
III. 72 cm and 97 cm
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and III only
D. II and III only

51. It is given that △ABC is a right-angled triangle where ABC = 90. Which of the following must be true?
I. AC is the longest side of △ABC.
II. AB + BC = AC
III. AB2 + BC2 = AC2
A. I only
B. III only
C. I and II only
D. I and III only

52. In the figure, the length of the line segment joining A and I is 18
A B
A. 12.
B. 15.
6 F
C. 17. E
I 4 16
D. 19. 2
H 1G
10

D C
8

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 9 Pythagoras' Theorem and Irrational Numbers

53. In the figure, △ABC is a right-angled triangle where ABC = 90. A

2 2
D is the mid-point of BC. If AB : BC = 3 : 4, then AD : AC =
A. 3 : 4.
B. 7 : 10.
C. 9 : 16. B D C

D. 13 : 25.

54. In the figure, D is a point lying on AC such that BD is perpendicular B

to AC. It is given that AC = 56 cm and BD = 30 cm. If the area of
△ABD is greater than the area of △BCD by 360 cm2, then the
perimeter of △ABC is
A. 120 cm.
A C
B. 140 cm. D

C. 160 cm.
D. 180 cm.

55. In the figure, F is a point lying on AC and E is a point lying on D

DF. If DE = 68 cm and DF = 180 cm, then the area of △ABC
is
212 cm E
A. 1040 cm2.
B. 5440 cm2.
A
C. 6240 cm2. 130 cm

D. 14 400 cm2.
F
B C
160 cm

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 9 Pythagoras' Theorem and Irrational Numbers

9.3 Converse of Pythagoras' Theorem and its Applications

Textbook Example Videos

Example 9.7 Example 9.8 Example 9.9 Example 9.10

Level 1

Determine whether each of the following triangles is a right-angled triangle. If it is, state which angle is a right
angle. (1 – 9)
1. A 2. 8 3.
P R
A
14 8 24
7
10 6
B 25 C

B 15 C

4. 5. P 6.
A 40 21
C P R
21 20
17
42 19 14
Q R
29
B
Q

7. 8. A 9.
P
14 C
A
11 21
8
5.1 15
14.9 Q R
12
B C
B 7

In each of the following, the lengths of the three sides of △ABC are given. Determine whether △ABC is a
right-angled triangle. (10 – 13)
10. AB = 7, BC = 23, AC = 24 11. AB = 15, BC = 113, AC = 112

12. AB = 15, BC = 16, AC = 31 13. AB = 117 , BC = 22, AC = 18

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 9 Pythagoras' Theorem and Irrational Numbers

14. The figure shows a triangle PQR. P 8

R
(a) Prove that △PQR is a right-angled triangle.
(b) Find the area of △PQR. 3.9
8.9

15. In △XYZ, XY = 12 cm, YZ = 37 cm and XZ = 35 cm.

(a) Prove that △XYZ is a right-angled triangle.
(b) Find the area of △XYZ.

16. In △ABC, AB = 9a, BC = 15a and AC = 12a.

(a) Prove that △ABC is a right-angled triangle.
(b) Express the area of △ABC in terms of a.

17. Three workmen are standing at three points A, B and C on a

horizontal ground respectively and the distances between B 56 m
them are shown in the figure. C
(a) Prove that △ABC is a right-angled triangle. 33 m

(b) Find the area of △ABC. 65 m

18. Kelly jogs 58 seconds from A to B in a straight line, then jogs 42 seconds C

from B to C and then jogs 40 seconds back to A from C. It is given that

her average jogging speed is 2.4 m/s, and A, B and C lie on a horizontal
B
ground.
(a) Find the total distance that Kelly jogs.
A
(b) Prove that △ABC is a right-angled triangle.
(c) Find the area of △ABC.

19. A tortoise crawls 1.5 hours from P to Q in a straight line, then crawls R Q
2.5 hours from Q to R. It is given that the average speed of the tortoise
is 178 m/h, the distance between P and R is 356 m and P, Q and R lie
on a horizontal ground.
(a) If the tortoise crawls from P to R directly in a straight line, how
P
far is the distance saved?
(b) Prove that △PQR is a right-angled triangle.
(c) Find the area of △PQR.

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 9 Pythagoras' Theorem and Irrational Numbers

20. The figure shows a right triangular prism ABCDEF of height 15 cm. A
The lengths of the three sides of its base △ABC are 26 cm, 24 cm
and 10 cm respectively. B
(a) Prove that △ABC is a right-angled triangle.
C
(b) Hence, find the E
(i) volume of the prism, 15 cm
F
(ii) total surface area of the prism.
D

Level 2

21. The figure shows a quadrilateral ABCD where AB = 3.6 cm, B

BC = 8.4 cm, CD = 1.3 cm and DA = 7.7 cm.
(a) Find the length of BD.
C
(b) Prove that △BCD is a right-angled triangle.
A
(c) Find the area of quadrilateral ABCD. D

22. The figure shows △ABD where AB = 25 cm. C is a point lying on BD A

such that BC = 7 cm, CD = 10 cm and AC = 24 cm.
(a) Prove that AC  BD.
(b) (i) Find the length of AD.
(ii) Find the area of △ABD.

B D
C

23. The figure shows △ABD where AD = 4 cm. C is a point lying A

on BD such that AC = 4.1 cm and CD = 0.9 cm.
(a) Prove that △ACD is a right-angled triangle.
(b) If BD : BC = 14 : 11, find
(i) the length of BC,
(ii) the length of AB,
(iii) the area of △ABC.
B D
C

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 9 Pythagoras' Theorem and Irrational Numbers

24. The figure shows △ABD where AB = 4.5 cm. C is a point lying on A

BD such that BC = 2.8 cm and AC = 5.3 cm.

(a) Prove that △ABD is a right-angled triangle.
Explain (b) Eric claims that if the area of △ABD is 12.6 cm2, then C is the
mid-point of BD. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
D
B C

25. The figure shows a trapezium ABDE with AB // ED, AB = 6 cm and E

DE = 12 cm. C is a point lying on BD such that BC = 8 cm and

CD = 9 cm. A
(a) Find the length of AE. (Leave the answer in surd form.)
(b) Prove that △ACE is a right-angled triangle.
B C D

26. The figure shows a quadrilateral ABDE. It is given that AB = 9.6 cm, E D

BD = 11.2 cm, ED = 3 cm and AE = 13 cm. C is a point lying on BD

such that CE  AC, BC = 7.2 cm and AC = 12 cm. C

(a) Prove that △ABC is a right-angled triangle.

Explain (b) Is AB parallel to ED? Explain your answer.
A B

27. The figure shows △ABD where BD = 18 cm and AD = 24 cm. E is the A

mid-point of AD. C is a point lying on BD such that BC = 2 cm. It is

given that CE = 20 cm.
(a) Prove that △CED is a right-angled triangle. E
(b) Find the area of quadrilateral ABCE.

B D
C

28. The figure shows △ABC where AB = 26 cm. D is a point lying on B

AC such that AD = 10 cm and BD = 24 cm.
(a) Prove that △ADB ~ △ABC.
C A
D
(b) Find the area of △ABC.

29. The figure shows △ACD where AD = 3 cm. B is a point lying on D

AC such that AB = 1.8 cm and BD = 2.4 cm. It is given that

△ADB ~ △ACD. Find the area of △BCD.

A C
B

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 9 Pythagoras' Theorem and Irrational Numbers

30. The figure shows △ABC where AB = 82 cm and AC = 36 cm. D is C

the mid-point of AC and BD = 80 cm.
(a) Prove that △ABC is an isosceles triangle. D

(b) Find A B
(i) the perimeter of △ABC,
(ii) the area of △ABC.

31. The figure shows a parallelogram ABCD where AD = 60 cm, D C

CD = 109 cm and BD = 91 cm.
(a) Prove that △ABD is a right-angled triangle.
(b) Find the area of parallelogram ABCD. A B
(c) Find the length of AC.
(Give the answer correct to 1 decimal place.)

32. Calvin and Spencer drive their cars and leave point A at 1:00 pm together. Calvin drives from A to B along
a straight road at an averge speed of 60 km/h while Spencer drives from A to C along a straight road at an
average speed of 45 km/h. After 1.5 hours, Calvin and Spencer are 112.5 km apart.
Explain (a) Are roads AB and AC perpendicular to each other? Explain your answer.
(b) If Calvin and Spencer leave B and C respectively at 2:30 pm and drive towards each other along a
straight road BC at their own average speed, when will they meet?
(Give the answer correct to the nearest minute.)

Q
33. Dennis and Hugo ride bicycles together. They leave point
P at the same time. Dennis rides at an average speed of
6 m/s for 55 seconds from P to Q in a straight line while R
P
Hugo rides at an average speed of 6.1 m/s for 55 seconds
from P to R in a straight line. Then they ride towards each
other directly at their own speed and they meet after
5 seconds.
(a) Find the length of QR.
(b) Prove that △PQR is a right-angled triangle.

34. The figure shows a quadrilateral PQRS which is the base of a P 7.7 cm S
right prism. It is given that the height of the prism is 15 cm.
Find the volume of the prism. 3.6 cm 4 cm

Q 7.5 cm R

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 9 Pythagoras' Theorem and Irrational Numbers

35. A, B, C, D and E are five points on a plane.

25 m A
(a) Find the perimeter of pentagon ABCDE.
B
(b) Find the area of pentagon ABCDE.
97 m
60 m

61 m

72 m E
D
C

Level 3

36. The figure shows a triangular park PQR where PQ = 117 m, Q

QR = 240 m and RP = 267 m. M is the mid-point of PQ.

M
(a) Find the length of MR.
(b) S is a point lying on PR such that MS  PR. Find the P R
length of MS.
(Give the answers correct to 3 significant figures.)

37. The lengths of the three sides of △ABC are m2 – n2, 2mn and m2 + n 2 respectively, Hint
where m and n are positive integers and m > n.
(a) Prove that △ABC is a right-angled triangle.
Explain (b) Suppose that the lengths of the three sides of △PQR are 6x, x2 – 9 and x2 + 9
respectively, where x is an integer greater than 3.
(i) Is △PQR a right-angled triangle? Explain your answer.
(ii) Flora claims that the area of △PQR can never be less than 90. Do you agree?
Explain your answer.

Multiple Choice Questions

38. Which of the following is NOT a right-angled triangle?
A. B. 29
5
3

20 21
4

C. D.
2 14 8
1

15
1

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 9 Pythagoras' Theorem and Irrational Numbers

39. In △ABC, AB = 8, BC = 17 and AC = 15. Which of the following must be true?

I. A = 90
II. A = B +C
III. The area of △ABC is 60.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

40. In the figure, ABC is a straight line. If BC = 14 cm, BD = 48 cm, A

CD = 50 cm and AD = 73 cm, then AB =
A. 50 cm.
B. 53 cm.
C. 55 cm.
D. 59 cm. B

C D

41. The figure shows a quadrilateral ABCD. If AB = 89 cm, BC = 15 cm, A

CD = 36 cm, DA = 80 cm and ADB = 90, find the area of quadrilateral

ABCD.
A. 1302 cm2
B. 1830 cm2
C. 2604 cm2 B

D. 3660 cm2 C D

42. The figure shows a trapezium ABCD with AD // BC. 180 cm

A D
If AB = 105 cm, BC = 43 cm, CD = 88 cm and
AD = 180 cm, find the area of trapezium ABCD.
105 cm 88 cm
2
A. 5723 cm2
3
B 43 cm C
B. 8404 cm2
1
C. 9031 cm2
2
D. It cannot be determined.

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 MathSmart 2B Chapter 9 Pythagoras' Theorem and Irrational Numbers

NF 9.5 Operations of Surds

Textbook Example Videos

Example 9.11 Example 9.12 Example 9.13 Example 9.14

Example 9.15

Level 1

Find the value of each of the following expressions without using a calculator. (1 – 9)
1. 400 2. 729 3. 1.96

25
4. 3.24 5. 8.41 6.
36

64 14 13
7. 8. 2 9. 3
121 25 36

Express each of the following surds in its simplest form. (10 – 18)
10. 72 11. 135 12. 648

5 3 45
13. 3 14. 18 15. 3
9 4 49

16. 0.48 17. 1.08 18. 2.16

Rationalize the denominator of each of the following expressions. (19 – 27)

5 3 36
19. 20. 21.
2 7 6

27 4 28
22. 23. 24.
3 6 8

1 3 8
25. 26. 27.
50 40 63

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 9 Pythagoras' Theorem and Irrational Numbers

Simplify each of the following expressions. (28 – 42)

63 28
28. 3 2  7 2 29. 4 3 9 3 30. 
4 3

20 125
31.  32. 24  80 33.  75  48
7 3

34. 2( 56  14) 35.  7( 21  84) 36. ( 7  3)( 7  3)

37. (7  11)(7  11) 38. ( 20  5)2 39. ( 63  7)2

3 6 10
40. 8 41. 6 42. 24 
8 6 6

Level 2

Simplify each of the following expressions. (43 – 56)

43. 45  80  125 44. 48  8 12  75

5 32 18 50 44 9 99 275
45.   46.  
3 12 4 4 2 5

47. 18  6  108 48.  24  15  120

15  21 45  20
49. 50.
35 50

176 68
51. 52.
52  11 8  17

53. 28( 14  2 7  2 2) 54. ( 48  3)( 12  75)

 3 
55.  3   ( 48  12) 56. ( 2  3  6)( 2  3  6)
 3

16
57. (a) Rationalize the denominator of .
3 2
16 98
(b) Hence, simplify  32  .
3 2 2

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 9 Pythagoras' Theorem and Irrational Numbers

58. (a) Simplify (1  2)(1  2) .

1
(b) Hence, rationalize the denominator of .
1 2

Level 3

59. It is given that x  8  10  y , where y is a rational number. Find one possible value of y for each of
the following conditions.
(a) x is an integer.
(b) x is a proper fracion.

60. It is given that ( a  b )2  9  6 2 , where a and b are positive integers and a > b > 0. Find the values of
a and b.

( x  y )2 A
61. The figure shows a trapezium where AB = , D
54
BC = y , AD = x and CD = 4. It is given that the area
of the trapezium ABCD is 108 .
(a) Prove that B C Hint
(i) x  y  108 ,

(ii) x  y  12 .
Explain (b) Is it possible to find the values of x and y? Explain your answer.

Multiple Choice Questions

62. Which of the following is true?
A. 8 4 2
B.  486  18 6
C.  112  4 7
D. 56  6 7

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 9 Pythagoras' Theorem and Irrational Numbers

147 108
63.  
3 49
3
A. .
7
43 3
B. .
7
10 3
C. .
21
31 3
D. .
21

112 14
64.  
3 63
A. 7 2.
7 2
B. .
3
C. 2 7.
2 7
D. .
21

65. It is given that a and b are two positive numbers. Which of the following must be true?
A. ab  a  b
B. a  b  ( a  b )( a  b )
a a
C. 
b b
a ab
D. 
b b

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 9 Pythagoras' Theorem and Irrational Numbers

Answers
42. (a) (i) 10 (ii) 6000 cm3
2B Chapter 9
(b) disagree
Section 9.1 (p.9.1)
1. 4
2. –6 Multiple Choice Questions (p.9.3)
3. 7 43. D 44. C
4. –8 45. C 46. A
5. 11 47. D 48. C
6. –15
7. 4 Section 9.2 (p.9.5)
8. –2 1. 5
9. 3 2. 17
10. –2 3. 50
11. 3 4. 8.06
12. 4 5. 5.39
13. 9 6. 20.2
14. 17 7. 12
15. –11 8. 24
16. 2.24 9. 12
17. –4.47 10. 17.3
18. 6.63 11. 20.5
19. 4.24 12. 19.6
20. 8.19 13. 10.4
21. 10.1 14. 21.0
22. 7.62 15. 25.7
23. 7.42 16. 9
24. 14.1 17. 2
25. 3 18. 2.83
26. 7 19. 20 cm
27. 2 20. 98 cm
28. 5.87 21. 7.62 m
7 22. 1.8 m
29.
9 23. 15.8 km
11 24. 12.4 km
30.
6
25. 3
1
31. 
3 1
26.
32. 0.5 3

33. 2 27. x = 5, y = 13

34. –2 28. x = 20, y = 25

35. 3 29. x = 32, y = 11.1

36. (a) 7 (b) 70 cm 30. x = 85.8, y = 81.1

37. 9.52 31. x = 25.4, y = 17.9

38. 6 32. x = 12, y = 13

39. agree 33. (a) AB = 16 cm, CD = 14 cm

40. disagree (b) (i) 112 cm2 (ii) 240 cm2

41. 5 34. (a) 22.6 cm (b) 46.6 cm

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 9 Pythagoras' Theorem and Irrational Numbers

35. 43.8 cm 23. (b) (i) 3.3 cm (ii) 5.8 cm

2
36. (a) 7.42 cm (b) 7.68 cm (iii) 6.6 cm
37. 16.9 cm 24. (b) agree
38. 33.3 cm 25. (a) 325 cm (or 5 13 cm)
39. Elsa 26. (b) yes
40. (a) 23.7 cm (b) 33.6 cm 27. (b) 120 cm2
41. 50.7 cm 28. (b) 811.2 cm2
43. (a) 37 cm (b) 11.4 cm 29. 3.84 cm2
2
44. 53.7 cm 30. (b) (i) 200 cm (ii) 1440 cm2
45. (b) yes 31. (b) 5460 cm2 (c) 150.6 cm
46. (a) 88 cm (b) 105 cm 32. (a) yes (b) 3:34 pm
47. (b) PQ = 20 cm, QR = 16 cm 33. (a) 60.5 m
(c) 96 cm2 34. 432.9 cm3
48. (a) 17.3 cm (b) 32.7 cm 35. (a) 266 m (b) 3420 m2
49. (a) 6m (b) AE 36. (a) 247 m (b) 52.6 m
37. (b) (i) yes (ii) disagree

Multiple Choice Questions (p.9.12)

50. D 51. D Multiple Choice Questions (p.9.19)
52. C 53. D 38. D 39. D
54. B 55. C 40. C 41. B
42. A

Section 9.3 (p.9.14)

1. no Section 9.5 (p.9.21)
2. yes, R = 90 1. 20

3. yes, A = 90 2. 27

4. no 3. 1.4

5. yes, P = 90 4. 1.8

5. 2.9
6. no
7. yes, C = 90 5
6.
6
8. yes, B = 90 8
7.
9. no 11
10. no 8
8.
5
11. yes
11
12. yes 9.
6
13. no
14. (b) 15.6 sq. units 10. 6 2

15. (b) 210 cm2 11. 3 15

2
16. (b) 54a sq. units 12. 18 2
17. (b) 924 m2
4 2
18. (a) 336 m (b) 4838.4 m2 13.
3
19. (a) 356 m (b) 47 526 m2 5 3
14.
20. (b) (i) 1800 cm3 (ii) 1140 cm2 2
21. (a) 8.5 cm (c) 19.32 cm2 8 3
15.
22. (b) (i) 26 cm (ii) 204 cm2 7
2 3
16.
5

9.26
MathSmart 2B Chapter 9 Pythagoras' Theorem and Irrational Numbers

3 3 50. 3 2
17.
5
2 13
3 6 51.
18. 13
5
2
10 52.
19. 2
2
53. 14 2  4 14  28
21
20.
7 54. –45

21. 6 6 55. 12

22. 9 3 56. 2 6 1

2 6 8 2 13 2
23. 57. (a) (b)
3 3 6
24. 7 2 58. (a) 1

25.
2 (b) (1  2)
10
59. (a) 80 (or other reasonable answers)
30
26. 1
20 (b) (or other reasonable answers)
125
2 14
27. 60. a = 6, b = 3
21
61. (b) yes
28. 4 2

29. 13 3
Multiple Choice Questions (p.9.23)
17 7 62. C 63. D
30.
12 64. C 65. D
41 5
31.
21
32. 8 30
33. –60
34. 2 7

35. 7 3
36. –2
37. –38
38. 45
39. 28

5 2
40.
4
41. 0

11 6
42.
3
43. 2 5

44. 7 3

31 2
45.
6
46. 13 11
47. 108

48. 120 3
49. 3

9.27