Ggtern

Package ‘ggtern’
March 24, 2024

Version 3.5.0
Date 2024-3-24
Title An Extension to 'ggplot2', for the Creation of Ternary Diagrams
Description Extends the functionality of 'ggplot2', providing the capability
to plot ternary diagrams for (subset of) the 'ggplot2' geometries. Additionally,
'ggtern' has implemented several NEW geometries which are unavailable to the
standard 'ggplot2' release. For further examples and documentation, please
proceed to the 'ggtern' website.
Author Nicholas Hamilton [aut, cre]
Maintainer Nicholas Hamilton <[email protected]>
Depends R (>= 4.0), ggplot2 (>= 3.5.0)
Imports compositions (>= 2.0-2), grid, gridExtra (>= 2.3), gtable (>=
0.1.2), latex2exp (>= 0.5), MASS, plyr (>= 1.8.3), scales (>=
1.3.0), stats, proto (>= 1.0), utils, lattice, hexbin (>=
1.28.2), methods, rlang (>= 1.1.0)
Enhances sp
License GPL-2 | file LICENSE
Encoding UTF-8
URL http://www.ggtern.com
Collate 'ggtern-package.R' 'aes.R' 'coord-tern.R' 'calc-tern-tlr2xy.R'
'calc-mahalanobis-distance.R' 'calc-kde2d-weighted.R'
'doc-data.R' 'doc-theme-convenience.R' 'depreciated.R'
'labels-new.R' 'labels-percent.R' 'legend-draw-tern.R'
'ggtern-constructor.R' 'gg-internal.R'
'modifications-gridExtra.R' 'onLoad.R' 'plot.R' 'plot-build.R'
'plot-construction.R' 'position-.R' 'position-nudge-tern.R'
'position-jitter-tern.R' 'save.R' 'scales-tern.R'
'strip-unapproved.R' 'tern-limits.R' 'theme.R'
'theme-arrowlength.R' 'theme-clockwise.R' 'theme-defaults.R'
'theme-elements.R' 'theme-gridsontop.R' 'theme-bordersontop.R'
'theme-legend-position.R' 'theme-latex.R' 'theme-mesh.R'
'theme-noarrows.R' 'theme-nomask.R' 'theme-novar-tern.R'
1
2 R topics documented:
'theme-rotate.R' 'theme-showgrid.R' 'theme-showlabels.R'

'theme-ticks.R' 'theme-showtitles.R' 'theme-ticksoutside.R'
'theme-zoom.R' 'utilities.R' 'utilities-help.R'
'geom-density-tern.R' 'stat-density-tern.R' 'geom-mask.R'
'geom-Xline.R' 'geom-Xisoprop.R' 'geom-confidence-tern.R'
'stat-confidence-tern.R' 'geom-errorbarX.R'
'geom-smooth-tern.R' 'stat-smooth-tern.R' 'geom-mean-ellipse.R'
'stat-mean-ellipse.R' 'geom-interpolate-tern.R'
'stat-interpolate-tern.R' 'stat-interpolate-methods.R'
'geom-crosshair-tern.R' 'geom-point-swap.R' 'geom-hex-tern.R'
'stat-hex-tern.R' 'annotation-tern.R'
'annotation-raster-tern.R' 'geom-text-viewport.R'
'geom-label-viewport.R' 'geom-polygon-closed.R'
'geom-tri-tern.R' 'stat-tri-tern.R'
NeedsCompilation no
Repository CRAN
RoxygenNote 7.3.1
Date/Publication 2024-03-24 21:50:02 UTC
R topics documented:
.getFunctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
aes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
annotate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
annotation_raster_tern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
approved_layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
arrangeGrob . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
breaks_tern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
coord_tern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
data_Feldspar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
data_Fragments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
data_SkyeLava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
data_USDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
data_WhiteCells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
draw_key_tern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
geom_confidence_tern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
geom_crosshair_tern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
geom_density_tern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
geom_errorbarX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
geom_hex_tern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
geom_interpolate_tern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
geom_label_viewport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
geom_mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
geom_mean_ellipse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
geom_point_swap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
geom_polygon_closed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
R topics documented: 3
geom_smooth_tern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
geom_text_viewport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
geom_tri_tern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
geom_Xisoprop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
geom_Xline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
ggplot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
ggsave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
ggtern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
ggtern_labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
ggtern_labels_arrow_suffix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
ggtern_package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
ggtern_themes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
labels_tern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
label_formatter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
mahalanobis_distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
position_jitter_tern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
position_nudge_tern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
predictdf2d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
scale_X_continuous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
strip_unapproved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
ternary_transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
tern_limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
theme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
theme_arrowlength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
theme_bordersontop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
theme_clockwise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
theme_complete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
theme_convenience_functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
theme_elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
theme_gridsontop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
theme_latex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
theme_legend_position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
theme_mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
theme_noarrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
theme_nomask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
theme_novar_tern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
theme_rotate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
theme_showgrid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
theme_showlabels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
theme_showprimary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
theme_showtitles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
theme_ticklength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
theme_ticksoutside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
theme_zoom_X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
zzz-depreciated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Index 99
4 aes
.getFunctions OLD FUNCTIONS new_panel’,’train_layout’,’train_position’,’train_ranges’,’map_position’,’map_

xlabel’,’ylabel’ expand_default’, ## REMOVED
Description
OLD FUNCTIONS new_panel’,’train_layout’,’train_position’,’train_ranges’,’map_position’,’map_layout’,’reset_scales’,’fac
xlabel’,’ylabel’ expand_default’, ## REMOVED
Usage
.getFunctions()
aes Modified Aesthetic Mappings
Description
Modified Aesthetic Mappings
Usage
aes(x, y, z, ...)
Arguments
x x value
y y value
z z value
... other arguments as per aes
Details
An extension to the base aes functin from ggplot2, this is modified to handle a default z mapping
for application in ternary phase diagrams. Does not alter the standard behaviour.
See Also
Parent aes function.
annotate 5
annotate Create an annotation layer (ggtern version).
Description
This function adds geoms to a plot. Unlike typical a geom function, the properties of the geoms
are not mapped from variables of a data frame, but are instead passed in as vectors. This is useful
for adding small annotations (such as text labels) or if you have your data in vectors, and for some
reason don’t want to put them in a data frame.
Usage
annotate(
geom,
x = NULL,
y = NULL,
z = NULL,
xmin = NULL,
xmax = NULL,
ymin = NULL,
ymax = NULL,
zmin = NULL,
zmax = NULL,
xend = NULL,
yend = NULL,
zend = NULL,
...,
na.rm = FALSE
)
Arguments
geom name of geom to use for annotation
x, y, z, xmin, ymin, zmin, xmax, ymax, zmax, xend, yend, zend
positioning aesthetics - you must specify at least one of these.
... Other arguments passed on to layer(). These are often aesthetics, used to set
an aesthetic to a fixed value, like colour = "red" or size = 3. They may also
be parameters to the paired geom/stat.
na.rm If FALSE, the default, missing values are removed with a warning. If TRUE,
missing values are silently removed.
Details
Note that all position aesthetics are scaled (i.e. they will expand the limits of the plot so they are
visible), but all other aesthetics are set. This means that layers created with this function will never
affect the legend.
6 annotation_raster_tern
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
See Also
annotate
Examples
ggtern() +
annotate(geom = 'text',
x = c(0.5,1/3,0.0),
y = c(0.5,1/3,0.0),
z = c(0.0,1/3,1.0),
angle = c(0,30,60),
vjust = c(1.5,0.5,-0.5),
label = paste("Point",c("A","B","C")),
color = c("green","red",'blue')) +
theme_dark() +
theme_nomask()
annotation_raster_tern
Annotation: High-performance rectangular tiling (ggtern version)
Description
This is a special version of geom_raster optimised for static annotations that are the same in every
panel. These annotations will not affect scales (i.e. the x and y axes will not grow to cover the range
of the raster, and the raster must already have its own colours).
Usage
annotation_raster_tern(
raster,
xmin = 0,
xmax = 1,
ymin = 0,
ymax = 1,
interpolate = FALSE
)
Arguments
raster raster object to display
xmin, xmax x location (in npc coordinates) giving horizontal location of raster
ymin, ymax y location (in npc coordinates) giving vertical location of raster
interpolate If TRUE interpolate linearly, if FALSE (the default) don’t interpolate.
approved_layers 7
Details
Most useful for adding bitmap images.
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
Examples
data(Feldspar)
data(FeldsparRaster)
ggtern(Feldspar,aes(Ab,An,Or)) +
theme_rgbw() +
annotation_raster_tern(FeldsparRaster,xmin=0,xmax=1,ymin=0,ymax=1) +
geom_mask() +
geom_point(size=5,aes(shape=Feldspar,fill=Feldspar),color='black') +
scale_shape_manual(values=c(21,24)) +
labs(title="Demonstration of Raster Annotation")
approved_layers Approved Geoms, Stats and Positions
Description
ggtern is a specialist extension to ggplot2 for rendering ternary diagrams, as such, many stats and
geoms which come packaged with ggplot2 are either not relevant or will not work, as such, ggtern
regulates during the plot construction process, which geoms and stats are able to be applied when
using the coord_tern coordinate system. Attempting to apply non-approved geometries or stats (ie
geometries / stats not in the below list), will result in the respective layers being stripped from the
final plot.
Approved Geometries
The following geoms have been approved so far, including a combination of existing geoms and
newly created geoms for the ggtern package APPROVED geoms in ggternare as follows:
• geom_point
• geom_path
• geom_line
• geom_label
• geom_text
• geom_jitter
• geom_Tline
• geom_Rline
• geom_Lline
8 approved_layers
• geom_polygon
• geom_segment
• geom_count
• geom_errorbarT
• geom_errorbarL
• geom_errorbarR
• geom_density_tern
• geom_confidence
• geom_curve
• geom_mask
• geom_smooth_tern
• geom_blank
• geom_jitter
• geom_Tisoprop
• geom_Lisoprop
• geom_Risoprop
• geom_interpolate_tern
• geom_crosshair_tern
• geom_Tmark
• geom_Lmark
• geom_Rmark
• geom_point_swap
• geom_rect
• geom_polygon_closed
• geom_hex_tern
• geom_tri_tern
• geom_mean_ellipse
• geom_text_viewport
• geom_label_viewport
Approved Stats
The following stats have been approved so far, including a combination of existing stats and newly
created stats for the ggtern package APPROVED stats in ggternare as follows:
• stat_identity
• stat_confidence
• stat_density_tern
• stat_smooth_tern
arrangeGrob 9
• stat_sum
• stat_unique
• stat_interpolate_tern
• stat_mean_ellipse
• stat_hex_tern
• stat_tri_tern
Approved Positions
The following positions have been approved so far, including a combination of existing positions
and newly created positions for the ggtern package APPROVED positions in ggternare as follows:
• position_identity
• position_nudge_tern
• position_jitter_tern
The balance of the available stats, geometries or positions within ggplot2 are either invalid or remain
work in progress with regards to the ggtern package.
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
arrangeGrob Arrange multiple grobs on a page (ggtern version)
Description
A very slight modification to the original function, removing the explicit direction to use the gg-
plotGrob function from the ggplot2 namespace
Usage
arrangeGrob(
...,
grobs = list(...),
layout_matrix,
vp = NULL,
name = "arrange",
as.table = TRUE,
respect = FALSE,
clip = "off",
nrow = NULL,
ncol = NULL,
widths = NULL,
heights = NULL,
10 arrangeGrob
top = NULL,
bottom = NULL,
left = NULL,
right = NULL,
padding = unit(0.5, "line")
)
grid.arrange(..., newpage = TRUE)
Arguments
... grobs, gtables, ggplot or trellis objects

grobs list of grobs
layout_matrix optional layout
vp viewport
name argument of gtable
as.table logical: bottom-left to top-right (TRUE) or top-left to bottom-right (FALSE)
respect argument of gtable
clip argument of gtable
nrow argument of gtable
ncol argument of gtable
widths argument of gtable
heights argument of gtable
top optional string, or grob
bottom optional string, or grob
left optional string, or grob
right optional string, or grob
padding unit of length one, margin around annotations
newpage open a new page
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
breaks_tern 11
breaks_tern Generate Axis Breaks
Description
Calculates the Breaks for Major or Minor Gridlines based on the input limits.
Usage
breaks_tern(limits = c(0, 1), isMajor = TRUE, n = 5)
Arguments
limits the scale limits
isMajor major or minor grids
n number of breaks
Examples
breaks_tern()
breaks_tern(limits = c(0,.5),FALSE,10)
coord_tern Ternary Coordinate System
Description
coord_tern is a function which creates a transformation mechanism between the ternary system,
and, the cartesian system. It inherits from the fixed coordinate system, employing fixed ratio be-
tween x and y axes once transformed.
Usage
coord_tern(Tlim = NULL, Llim = NULL, Rlim = NULL, expand = TRUE)
Arguments
Tlim the range of T in the ternary space
Llim the range of L in the ternary space
Rlim the range of R in the ternary space
expand If TRUE, the default, adds a small expansion factor to the limits to ensure that
data and axes don’t overlap. If FALSE, limits are taken exactly from the data or
xlim/ylim.
12 data_Feldspar
Value
coord_tern returns a CoordTern ggproto
Aesthetics (Required in Each Layer)

coord_ternunderstands the following aesthetics (required aesthetics are in bold):
• x
• y
• z
Abovementioned limitations include the types of geometries which can be used (ie approved geome-
tries), or modifications to required aesthetic mappings. One such essential patch is, for approved
geometries previously requiring x and y coordinates, now require an additional z coordinate, and,
geom_segment goes one step further in that it requires both an additional z and zend coordinate
mappings.
In essence, the required aesthetics are the product between what is required of each ’layer’ and what
is required of the ’coordinate system’.
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
data_Feldspar Elkin and Groves Feldspar Data
Description
Data relating to Elkins and Groves Feldspar Data, the following datasets include the experimental
data and sample raster data from one of the images in the referenced paper. Feldspar - Experimen-
tal Data FeldsparRaster - Raster Data for Fig. 6.
Usage
#Experimental Data
data(Feldspar)
#Raster data
Format
Feldsdpar - One (1) row per Feldspar composition, FeldsdparRaster - Raster Matrix
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
data_Fragments 13
References
Elkins, L. T. & Grove, T. L. Ternary Feldspar Experiments and Thermodynamic Models American
Mineralogist, Mineral Soc America, 1990, 75, 544-559
See Also
Data
Examples
#Summarize the Feldspar Data
data(Feldspar)
summary(Feldspar)
#Plot Felspar Data

ggtern(data=Feldspar,aes(x=An,y=Ab,z=Or)) +
geom_point()
# Plot Feldspar data and Underlying Raster Image

theme_rgbw() +
annotation_raster_tern(FeldsparRaster,xmin=0,xmax=1,ymin=0,ymax=1) +
geom_point(size=5,aes(shape=Feldspar,fill=Feldspar),color='black') +
labs(title = "Demonstration of Raster Annotation")
data_Fragments Grantham and Valbel Rock Fragment Data
Description
ABSTRACT: Chemical weathering influences the detrital composition of sand-size sediment de-
rived from source areas subject to different amounts of precipitation in the Coweeta Basin, North
Carolina. Of the grain types studied, rock fragments are most sensitive to chemical degradation;
therefore, their abundance is the best indicator of cumulative weathering effects. Destruction of
sand-size rock fragments by chemical weathering is a function of both the intensity and duration of
chemical weathering experienced by grains in regoliths of the source area. In the Coweeta Basin,
the intensity of chemical weathering is directly related to the climate via effective precipitation in
individual subbasins, whereas the duration of chemical weathering is inversely related to the relief
ratio of the watershe . Therefore, soils in watersheds with low-relief ratios and high discharge per
unit area experience the most extensive chemical weathering, and sediments derived from these
watersheds contain the lowest percentage of rock fragments. The effects of climate alone cannot
explain the systematic variation of rock fragment abundance in sediments from the Coweeta Basin.
The compositional imprint left on these sediments by chemical weathering is a function of both
climate and topographic slope in the sediment source area.
14 data_Fragments
Usage
data(Fragments)
Format
1row per point, Each point contains data on the following:
1. Watershed: By id: 2, 10, 34, 41, 13, 27, 32 or 37,
2. Position: By name: Tallulah or Coweeta,
3. CCWI: The Cumulative Chemical Weathering Index: numeric
4. Precipitation: Average Annual Precipitation, numeric
5. Discharge: Annual Average Discharge, numeric
6. Relief: Relief Ratio, numeric
7. GrainSize: Coarse Medium or Fine,
8. Sample: Field Sampling, A, B or C
9. Points: The number of points measured for each sample
10. Qm: Multicrystalline Quarts Amount, percentage
11. Qp: Polycrystalline Quarts Amount, percentage
12. Rf: Rock Fragments Amount, percentage
13. M: Mica Amount, percentage
Author(s)
Jeremy Hummon Grantham and Michael Anthony Velbel
References
Grantham, Jeremy Hummon, and Michael Anthony Velbel. "The influence of climate and topog-
raphy on rock-fragment abundance in modern fluvial sands of the southern Blue Ridge Mountains,
North Carolina." Journal of Sedimentary Research 58.2 (1988).
Examples
data(Fragments)
ggtern(Fragments,aes(Qm+Qp,Rf,M,colour=Sample)) +
geom_density_tern(h=2,aes(fill=..level..),
expand=0.75,alpha=0.5,bins=5) +
geom_point(aes(shape=Position,size=Relief)) +
theme_bw(base_size=8) +
theme_showarrows() +
custom_percent('%') +
labs(title = "Grantham and Valbel Rock Fragment Data",
x = "Q_{m+p}", xarrow = "Quartz (Multi + Poly)",
y = "R_f", yarrow = "Rock Fragments",
z = "M", zarrow = "Mica") +
theme_latex() +
facet_wrap(~Sample,nrow=2)
data_SkyeLava 15
data_SkyeLava Aichisons Skye Lavas
Description
AFM compositions of 23 aphyric Skye lavas.
Format
1 row per point, 23 points in total, Each point contains data on the following:
1. No: ID, S1 to S23
2. A: Percent Na2O+K2O ,
3. F: Percent Fe2O3
4. F: Percent MgO
Author(s)
J. Aitchison
References
Aitchison, J. The statistical analysis of compositional data Chapman and Hall London, 1986, pp360
Examples
# Emulate & Enhance plot produced in Fig. 3, pg 7 of:

# Martin-Fernandez, J.; Chacon-Duran, J. & Mateu-Figueras, G.
# Updating on the kernel density estimation for compositional data
# Proceedings of 17th Conference IASC-ERSS, Compstat, Roma,(Italy), 2006, 713-720
data(SkyeLava)
breaks = c(.01,.05,.10,.25,.5,.75,.9,.95,.99)
ggtern(SkyeLava,aes(F,A,M)) +
theme_bw() +
theme_latex() +
theme(tern.panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
tern.panel.grid.major = element_line(linetype='dotted',color='darkgray'),
tern.axis.text = element_text(size=8)) +
geom_density_tern() +
geom_point() +
limit_tern(breaks = breaks,
labels = sprintf("%.2f",breaks)) +
labs(title = "Aphyric Skye Lavas",
subtitle = "AFM Compositions of 23 samples",
Tarrow = "A = Na_2O + K_2O",
Larrow = "F = Fe_20_3",
Rarrow = "M = MgO")
16 data_USDA
data_USDA USDA Textural Classification Data
Description
This dataset was issued by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) in the form of a
ternary diagram, this original ternary diagram has been converted to numerical data and included
here.
Usage
data(USDA)
Format
1row per point, many points per classification representing the extremes of the area.
Author(s)
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Nicholas Hamilton
Source
Soil Mechanics Level 1, Module 3, USDA Textural Classification Study Guide
See Also
ggtern datasets
Examples
#Load the Libraries
library(ggtern)
library(plyr)
#Load the Data.

data(USDA)
#Put tile labels at the midpoint of each tile.

USDA.LAB <- ddply(USDA,"Label",function(df){
apply(df[,1:3],2,mean)
})
#Tweak
USDA.LAB$Angle = sapply(as.character(USDA.LAB$Label),function(x){
switch(x,"Loamy Sand"=-35,0)
})
data_WhiteCells 17
#Construct the plot.

ggtern(data=USDA,aes(Sand,Clay,Silt,color=Label,fill=Label)) +
geom_polygon(alpha=0.75,size=0.5,color="black") +
geom_mask() +
geom_text(data=USDA.LAB,aes(label=Label,angle=Angle),color="black",size=3.5) +
theme_rgbw() +
theme_showsecondary() +
weight_percent() +
guides(fill='none') +
theme_legend_position("topleft") +
labs(title = "USDA Textural Classification Chart",
fill = "Textural Class",
color = "Textural Class")
data_WhiteCells Aichisons White Cells
Description
White-cell compositions of 30 blood cells by two different methods
Format
1 row per point, 60 points in total, 2 experiments x 30 points each, Each point contains data on the
following:
1. No: ID, S1 to S30
2. Experiment: MicroscopicInspection or ImageAnalysis
3. G: Fraction Granulocytes
4. L: Fraction Lymphocytes
5. M: Fraction Monocytes
Author(s)
J. Aitchison
References
Aitchison, J. The statistical analysis of compositional data Chapman and Hall London, 1986, pp366
Examples
data(WhiteCells)
ggtern(WhiteCells,aes(G,L,M)) +
geom_density_tern(aes(color=Experiment)) +
geom_point(aes(shape=Experiment)) +
facet_wrap(~Experiment,nrow=2)
18 draw_key_tern
draw_key_tern Key drawing functions
Description
Each Geom has an associated function that draws the key when the geom needs to be displayed in
a legend. These are the options built into ggplot2.
Usage
draw_key_crosshair_tern(data, params, size)
draw_key_Tmark(data, params, size)
draw_key_Lmark(data, params, size)
draw_key_Rmark(data, params, size)
draw_key_Tline(data, params, size)
draw_key_Lline(data, params, size)
draw_key_Rline(data, params, size)
draw_key_Tiso(data, params, size)
draw_key_Liso(data, params, size)
draw_key_Riso(data, params, size)
draw_key_point_swap(data, params, size)
Arguments
data A single row data frame containing the scaled aesthetics to display in this key
params A list of additional parameters supplied to the geom.
size Width and height of key in mm.
Value
A grid grob.
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
geom_confidence_tern 19
geom_confidence_tern Confidence Interval
Description
Calculates the confidence intervals, via the Mahalnobis Distance and use of the Log-Ratio Trans-
formation
Statistic
Usage
geom_confidence_tern(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
stat = "ConfidenceTern",
position = "identity",
...,
lineend = "butt",
linejoin = "round",
linemitre = 1,
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA,
inherit.aes = TRUE
)
stat_confidence_tern(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
geom = "ConfidenceTern",
...,
contour = TRUE,
n = 100,
h = NULL,
na.rm = FALSE,
breaks = c(0.5, 0.9, 0.95),
show.legend = NA,
inherit.aes = TRUE
)
Arguments
mapping Set of aesthetic mappings created by aes(). If specified and inherit.aes =

TRUE (the default), it is combined with the default mapping at the top level of
the plot. You must supply mapping if there is no plot mapping.
20 geom_confidence_tern
data The data to be displayed in this layer. There are three options:
If NULL, the default, the data is inherited from the plot data as specified in the
call to ggplot().
A data.frame, or other object, will override the plot data. All objects will be
fortified to produce a data frame. See fortify() for which variables will be
created.
A function will be called with a single argument, the plot data. The return
value must be a data.frame, and will be used as the layer data. A function
can be created from a formula (e.g. ~ head(.x, 10)).
position Position adjustment, either as a string naming the adjustment (e.g. "jitter" to
use position_jitter), or the result of a call to a position adjustment function.
Use the latter if you need to change the settings of the adjustment.
lineend Line end style (round, butt, square).
linejoin Line join style (round, mitre, bevel).
linemitre Line mitre limit (number greater than 1).
show.legend logical. Should this layer be included in the legends? NA, the default, includes if
any aesthetics are mapped. FALSE never includes, and TRUE always includes. It
can also be a named logical vector to finely select the aesthetics to display.
inherit.aes If FALSE, overrides the default aesthetics, rather than combining with them.
This is most useful for helper functions that define both data and aesthetics and
shouldn’t inherit behaviour from the default plot specification, e.g. borders().
geom, stat Use to override the default connection between geom_smooth() and stat_smooth().
contour If TRUE, contour the results of the 2d density estimation
n number of grid points in each direction
h Bandwidth (vector of length two). If NULL, estimated using bandwidth.nrd.
breaks the confidence intervals, default to 50, 90 and 95 percent.
Aesthetics
geom_ConfidenceTernunderstands the following aesthetics (required aesthetics are in bold):
• x
• y
• alpha
• colour
• linetype
• size
geom_crosshair_tern 21
Computed variables
Same as stat_contour
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
Examples
data(Feldspar)
ggtern(data=Feldspar,aes(An,Ab,Or)) +
geom_point() +
geom_confidence_tern()
geom_crosshair_tern Ternary Crosshairs
Description
A new geometry, geom_crosshair_tern is one that that marks on the respective axes, the values of
each data point. We also include additional geometries geom_Tmark, geom_Rmark and geom_Lmark
– to render only the respective axis component of the abovementioned crosshair.
Usage
geom_crosshair_tern(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
stat = "identity",
...,
arrow = NULL,
lineend = "butt",
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA,
inherit.aes = TRUE
)
geom_Tmark(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
stat = "identity",
arrow = NULL,
lineend = "butt",
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA,
22 geom_crosshair_tern
inherit.aes = TRUE,
...
)
geom_Lmark(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
stat = "identity",
arrow = NULL,
lineend = "butt",
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA,
inherit.aes = TRUE,
...
)
geom_Rmark(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
stat = "identity",
arrow = NULL,
lineend = "butt",
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA,
inherit.aes = TRUE,
...
)
Arguments

call to ggplot().
created.
stat The statistical transformation to use on the data for this layer, either as a ggproto
Geom subclass or as a string naming the stat stripped of the stat_ prefix (e.g.
"count" rather than "stat_count")
geom_crosshair_tern 23
arrow specification for arrow heads, as created by grid::arrow().
Aesthetics
geom_crosshair_ternunderstands the following aesthetics (required aesthetics are in bold):
• x
• y
• z
• alpha
• colour
• linetype
• size
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
Examples
set.seed(1)
df = data.frame(x=runif(10),y=runif(10),z=runif(10))
base = ggtern(df,aes(x,y,z)) + geom_point()
base + geom_crosshair_tern()
base + geom_Tmark()
base + geom_Rmark()
base + geom_Lmark()
24 geom_density_tern
geom_density_tern Density Estimate (ggtern version)
Description
Perform a 2D kernel density estimatation using kde2d and display the results with contours. This
can be useful for dealing with overplotting. Additional weight aesthetic (see aesthetic section be-
low) permits better weighting if desired
Usage
geom_density_tern(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
stat = "DensityTern",
...,
lineend = "butt",
linejoin = "round",
linemitre = 1,
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA,
inherit.aes = TRUE
)
stat_density_tern(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
geom = "density_tern",
...,
contour = TRUE,
n = 100,
h = NULL,
bdl = 0,
bdl.val = NA,
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA,
inherit.aes = TRUE,
weight = 1,
base = "ilr",
expand = c(0.5, 0.5)
)
Arguments
geom_density_tern 25

call to ggplot().
created.
geom Use to override the default connection between geom_density_tern() and stat_density_tern()
contour If TRUE, contour the results of the 2d density estimation.
n Number of grid points in each direction.
h Bandwidth (vector of length two) as a multiple of the best estimate, estimated
using bandwidth.nrd.
bdl the threshold for detection limit. This is applied against the output of acomp
function, so it is expected as a fraction in the range [0,1]
bdl.val compositions which have components that are below the detection limit, will
have these components replaced by this val. If it is NA then these items will be
discarded. If the value is something other than ’NA’, then all values less than
bdl will be replaced and therefore included in the final density estimate.
weight weighting for weighted kde2d esimate, default’s to 1, which is non-weighted
and equivalent to the usual kde2d calculation
26 geom_density_tern
base the base transformation of the data, options include ’identity’ (ie direct on the
cartesian space), or ’ilr’ which means to use the isometric log ratio transforma-
tion.
expand Calculate on a mesh which extends beyond the grid of the plot region by this
amount If NULL, estimated using bandwidth.nrd.
Aesthetics
geom_density_ternunderstands the following aesthetics (required aesthetics are in bold):
• x
• y
• alpha
• colour
• linetype
• size
• weight
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
Examples
#Plot Density Estimate, on isometric log ratio transformation of original data

data('Feldspar')
geom_density_tern(aes(color=..level..),bins=5) +
geom_point()
#Plot Density Estimate w/ Polygon Geometry

data('Feldspar')
ggtern(data=Feldspar,aes(Ab,An,Or)) +
stat_density_tern(
geom='polygon',
aes(fill=..level..),
bins=5,
color='grey') +
geom_point()
geom_errorbarX 27
geom_errorbarX Ternary Error Bars
Description
geom_errorbarT, geom_errorbarL and geom_errorbarR are geometries to render error bars for
the top, left and right apex species respectively, analogous to geom_errorbar and/or geom_errorbarh
as provided in the base ggplot2 package.
Usage
geom_errorbarT(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
stat = "identity",
...,
arrow = NULL,
lineend = "butt",
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA,
inherit.aes = TRUE
)
geom_errorbarL(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
stat = "identity",
arrow = NULL,
lineend = "butt",
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA,
inherit.aes = TRUE,
...
)
geom_errorbarR(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
stat = "identity",
arrow = NULL,
lineend = "butt",
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA,
inherit.aes = TRUE,
28 geom_errorbarX
...
)
Arguments
call to ggplot().
created.
arrow specification for arrow heads, as created by grid::arrow().
Aesthetics (geom_errorbarT)
geom_errorbartunderstands the following aesthetics (required aesthetics are in bold):
• Tmax
• Tmin
• x
• y
geom_errorbarX 29
• z
• alpha
• colour
• linetype
• linewidth
Aesthetics (geom_errorbarL)
geom_errorbarlunderstands the following aesthetics (required aesthetics are in bold):
• Lmax
• Lmin
• x
• y
• z
• alpha
• colour
• linetype
• linewidth
Aesthetics (geom_errorbarR)
geom_errorbarrunderstands the following aesthetics (required aesthetics are in bold):
• Rmax
• Rmin
• x
• y
• z
• alpha
• colour
• linetype
• linewidth
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
30 geom_hex_tern
Examples
#Example with Dummy Data.
tmp <- data.frame(x=1/3,
y=1/3,
z=1/3,
Min=1/3-1/6,
Max=1/3+1/6)
ggtern(data=tmp,aes(x,y,z)) +
geom_point() +
geom_errorbarT(aes(Tmin=Min,Tmax=Max),colour='red')+
geom_errorbarL(aes(Lmin=Min,Lmax=Max),colour='green')+
geom_errorbarR(aes(Rmin=Min,Rmax=Max),colour='blue')
geom_hex_tern Hexbin (ggtern version).
Description
Divides the plane into regular hexagons, counts the number of cases in each hexagon, and then
(by default) maps the number of cases to the hexagon fill. Hexagon bins avoid the visual artefacts
sometimes generated by the very regular alignment of [geom_bin2d()].
Usage
geom_hex_tern(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
stat = "hex_tern",
...,
fun = sum,
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA,
inherit.aes = TRUE
)
stat_hex_tern(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
geom = "hex_tern",
...,
bins = 30,
fun = sum,
binwidth = NULL,
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA,
inherit.aes = TRUE
)
geom_hex_tern 31
Arguments

call to ggplot().
created.
fun the scalar function to use for the statistic
geom, stat Override the default connection between ‘geom_hex_tern‘ and ‘stat_hex_tern‘
bins numeric vector giving number of bins in both vertical and horizontal directions.
Set to 30 by default.
binwidth Numeric vector giving bin width in both vertical and horizontal directions. Over-
rides bins if both set.
Details
This geometry is loosely based on the base ggplot2 geom_hex, with a few subtle (but advantageous
differences). The user can control the border thickness of the hexagonal polygons using the size
aesthetic. The user can also control the particular statistic to use, by defining the fun argument
(sum by default), which by default is applied over a value of 1 per point, however, this can also be
mapped to a data variable via the ’value’ mapping.
32 geom_interpolate_tern
Aesthetics
@section Aesthetics: geom_hex()understands the following aesthetics (required aesthetics are in
bold):
• x
• y
• alpha
• colour
• fill
• group
• linetype
• linewidth
Learn more about setting these aesthetics in vignette("ggplot2-specs").
Examples
set.seed(1)
n = 1000
df = data.frame(x = runif(n),
y = runif(n),
z = runif(n),
wt = runif(n))
#Equivalent of Hexbin
ggtern(df,aes(x,y,z)) +
geom_hex_tern(binwidth=0.1)
#Calculate Mean of variable wt

geom_hex_tern(binwidth=0.05,
aes(value=wt),
fun=mean)
#Custom functions, for ex. discrete output...

myfun = function(x) sample(LETTERS,1)
geom_hex_tern(binwidth=0.05,
fun=myfun)
geom_interpolate_tern Ternary Interpolation
Description
This is the heavily requested geometry for interpolating between ternary values, results being ren-
dered using contours on a ternary mesh.
geom_interpolate_tern 33
Usage
geom_interpolate_tern(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
stat = "InterpolateTern",
...,
method = "auto",
formula = value ~ poly(x, y, degree = 1),
lineend = "butt",
linejoin = "round",
linemitre = 1,
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA,
inherit.aes = TRUE
)
stat_interpolate_tern(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
geom = "interpolate_tern",
...,
method = "auto",
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA,
inherit.aes = TRUE,
n = 80,
formula = value ~ poly(x, y, degree = 1),
base = "ilr"
)
Arguments
call to ggplot().
created.
34 geom_interpolate_tern

method Smoothing method (function) to use, accepts either NULL or a character vector,
e.g. "lm", "glm", "gam", "loess" or a function, e.g. MASS::rlm or mgcv::gam,
stats::lm, or stats::loess. "auto" is also accepted for backwards compat-
ibility. It is equivalent to NULL.
For method = NULL the smoothing method is chosen based on the size of the
largest group (across all panels). stats::loess() is used for less than 1,000
observations; otherwise mgcv::gam() is used with formula = y ~ s(x, bs = "cs")
with method = "REML". Somewhat anecdotally, loess gives a better appearance,
but is O(N 2 ) in memory, so does not work for larger datasets.
If you have fewer than 1,000 observations but want to use the same gam() model
that method = NULL would use, then set method = "gam", formula = y ~ s(x, bs = "cs").
formula Formula to use in smoothing function, eg. y ~ x, y ~ poly(x, 2), y ~ log(x).
NULL by default, in which case method = NULL implies formula = y ~ x when
there are fewer than 1,000 observations and formula = y ~ s(x, bs = "cs") oth-
erwise.
n number of grid points in each direction
base the base transformation of the data, options include ’identity’ (ie direct on the
cartesian space), or ’ilr’ which means to use the isometric log ratio transforma-
tion.
Aesthetics
geom_InterpolateTernunderstands the following aesthetics (required aesthetics are in bold):
• x
• y
• alpha
geom_label_viewport 35
• colour
• linetype
• size
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
Examples
data(Feldspar)
ggtern(Feldspar,aes(Ab,An,Or,value=T.C)) +
stat_interpolate_tern(geom="polygon",
formula=value~x+y,
method=lm,n=100,
breaks=seq(0,1000,by=100),
aes(fill=..level..),expand=1) +
geom_point()
geom_label_viewport Draw Label at Relative Position on Viewport
Description
Since it is sometimes counter intuitive for working with ternary or other non-cartesian coordinates
in the event that the the user wishes to place a label-geometry based on visual inspection, this
geometry positions such text item at a fraction from x=[0,1] and y=[0,1] of the viewport in x and y
cartesian coordinates.
Usage
geom_label_viewport(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
stat = "identity",
...,
hjust = "inward",
vjust = "inward",
parse = FALSE,
label.padding = unit(0.25, "lines"),
label.r = unit(0.15, "lines"),
label.size = 0.25,
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA,
inherit.aes = TRUE
)
36 geom_label_viewport
Arguments
call to ggplot().
created.
hjust horizontal justification
vjust vertical justification
parse If TRUE, the labels will be parsed into expressions and displayed as described in
?plotmath.
label.padding Amount of padding around label. Defaults to 0.25 lines.
label.r Radius of rounded corners. Defaults to 0.15 lines.
label.size Size of label border, in mm.
Aesthetics
geom_Labelunderstands the following aesthetics (required aesthetics are in bold):
• label
• x
geom_label_viewport 37
• y
• alpha
• angle
• colour
• family
• fill
• fontface
• hjust
• lineheight
• size
• vjust
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
See Also
geom_label
Examples
library(ggplot2)
data(Feldspar)
base = ggtern(data=Feldspar,aes(Ab,An,Or)) +
geom_mask() +
geom_point() +
geom_label_viewport(x=0.5,y=0.5,label="Middle",color='red') +
geom_label_viewport(x=1.0,y=1.0,label="Top Right",color='blue') +
geom_label_viewport(x=0.0,y=0.0,label="Bottom Left",color='green') +
geom_label_viewport(x=0.0,y=1.0,label="Top Left",color='orange') +
geom_label_viewport(x=1.0,y=0.0,label="Bottom Right",color='magenta')
base
base +
geom_label_viewport(x=0.9,y=0.5,label="Clipping Turned Off",color='purple',hjust=0,clip='on')
base +
geom_label_viewport(x=0.9,y=0.5,label="Clipping Turned Off",color='purple',hjust=0,clip='off')
38 geom_mean_ellipse
geom_mask Apply Manual Clipping Mask
Description
This function creates a manual clipping mask, which in turn suppresses the standard clipping mask
that would otherwise be rendered in the foregound rendering procedure, giving the user control
over the exact placement with respect to other layers. For example, the user may wish to have the
clipping mask placed after the geom_point(...) layer, but before the geom_label(...) layer, this
situation has been demonstrated in the example below. In the event that the user wishes to suppress
the mask altogether, then a convenience function has been provided, theme_nomask().
Usage
geom_mask()
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
Examples
data(Feldspar)
x = ggtern(Feldspar,aes(Ab,An,Or,label=Experiment)) + geom_point()
#Default Behaviour
x + geom_label()
#Insert manual mask before the labels, to prevent them being truncated
x + geom_point(size=6) + geom_mask() + geom_label()
geom_mean_ellipse Mean Ellipse
Description
Produce ellipses from a mean and a variance of ternary compositional data, based off the function
included in the compositions package.
Usage
geom_mean_ellipse(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
stat = "MeanEllipse",
geom_mean_ellipse 39
...,
lineend = "butt",
linejoin = "round",
linemitre = 1,
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA,
inherit.aes = TRUE
)
stat_mean_ellipse(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
geom = "MeanEllipse",
...,
steps = 72,
r = 1,
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA,
inherit.aes = TRUE
)
Arguments
call to ggplot().
created.
40 geom_mean_ellipse
steps the number of discretisation points to draw the ellipses
r a scaling of the half-diameters
Aesthetics
geom_MeanEllipseunderstands the following aesthetics (required aesthetics are in bold):
• x
• y
• alpha
• colour
• linetype
• size
Computed variables
Same as stat_contour
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton & Ashton Drew
Examples
data(Feldspar)
ggtern(data=Feldspar,aes(An,Ab,Or)) +
geom_point() +
geom_mean_ellipse()
data(Feldspar)
theme_bw() +
stat_mean_ellipse(geom='polygon',steps=500,fill='red',color='black') +
geom_point()
geom_point_swap 41
geom_point_swap Points (Colour and Fill Swapped), as for a scatterplot
Description
The geom_point_swap geometry is used to create scatterplots, however, this version swaps the
colour and the fill mappings. Useful if the fill mapping is already occupied (say with existing
polygon geometry), this geometry will allow points of shape 21-25 to use colour mapping for the
center colour, and fill mapping for the border.
Usage
geom_point_swap(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
stat = "identity",
...,
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA,
inherit.aes = TRUE
)
Arguments
call to ggplot().
created.
42 geom_polygon_closed
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
Examples
data(Feldspar)
stat_confidence_tern(geom='polygon',aes(fill=..level..),color='white') +
geom_mask() +
geom_point_swap(aes(colour=T.C,shape=Feldspar),fill='black',size=5) +
scale_color_gradient(low='green',high='red') +
labs(title="Feldspar",color="Temperature",fill='Confidence')
geom_polygon_closed Closed Polygons
Description
A little like geom_area, in the sense that polygons are either upper or lower closed based on the
starting and finishing points index.
Usage
geom_polygon_closed(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
stat = "identity",
...,
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA,
inherit.aes = TRUE,
closure = "none"
)
geom_smooth_tern 43
Arguments
call to ggplot().
created.
closure one of ’none’,’upper’ or ’lower’
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
geom_smooth_tern Add a Smoothed Conditional Mean.
Description
Aids the eye in seeing patterns in the presence of overplotting. geom_smooth_tern and stat_smooth_tern
are effectively aliases: they both use the same arguments. Use geom_smooth_tern unless you want
to display the results with a non-standard geom.
44 geom_smooth_tern
Usage
geom_smooth_tern(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
...,
method = "auto",
formula = y ~ x,
se = TRUE,
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA,
inherit.aes = TRUE,
expand = c(0.5, 0.5)
)
stat_smooth_tern(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
...,
method = "auto",
formula = y ~ x,
se = TRUE,
n = 80,
span = 0.75,
fullrange = FALSE,
level = 0.95,
method.args = list(),
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA,
inherit.aes = TRUE,
expand = c(0.5, 0.5)
)
Arguments
call to ggplot().
created.
geom_smooth_tern 45
method Smoothing method (function) to use, accepts either NULL or a character vector,
e.g. "lm", "glm", "gam", "loess" or a function, e.g. MASS::rlm or mgcv::gam,
stats::lm, or stats::loess. "auto" is also accepted for backwards compat-
ibility. It is equivalent to NULL.
For method = NULL the smoothing method is chosen based on the size of the
largest group (across all panels). stats::loess() is used for less than 1,000
observations; otherwise mgcv::gam() is used with formula = y ~ s(x, bs = "cs")
with method = "REML". Somewhat anecdotally, loess gives a better appearance,
but is O(N 2 ) in memory, so does not work for larger datasets.
If you have fewer than 1,000 observations but want to use the same gam() model
that method = NULL would use, then set method = "gam", formula = y ~ s(x, bs = "cs").
formula Formula to use in smoothing function, eg. y ~ x, y ~ poly(x, 2), y ~ log(x).
NULL by default, in which case method = NULL implies formula = y ~ x when
there are fewer than 1,000 observations and formula = y ~ s(x, bs = "cs") oth-
erwise.
se Display confidence interval around smooth? (TRUE by default, see level to
control.)
expand expand the range of values by this much (vector of length 2) when fullrange is
set to TRUE
n Number of points at which to evaluate smoother.
span Controls the amount of smoothing for the default loess smoother. Smaller num-
bers produce wigglier lines, larger numbers produce smoother lines. Only used
with loess, i.e. when method = "loess", or when method = NULL (the default)
and there are fewer than 1,000 observations.
fullrange If TRUE, the smoothing line gets expanded to the range of the plot, potentially be-
yond the data. This does not extend the line into any additional padding created
by expansion.
level Level of confidence interval to use (0.95 by default).
method.args List of additional arguments passed on to the modelling function defined by
method.
46 geom_text_viewport
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
Examples
data(Feldspar)
ggtern(data=Feldspar,aes(Ab,An,Or,group=Feldspar)) +
geom_smooth_tern(method=lm,fullrange=TRUE,colour='red') +
geom_point() +
labs(title="Example Smoothing")
geom_text_viewport Draw Text at Relative Position on Viewport
Description
Since it is sometimes counter intuitive for working with ternary or other non-cartesian coordinates in
the event that the the user wishes to place a text-geometry based on visual inspection, this geometry
positions such text item at a fraction from x=[0,1] and y=[0,1] of the viewport in x and y cartesian
coordinates.
Usage
geom_text_viewport(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
stat = "identity",
...,
hjust = "inward",
vjust = "inward",
parse = FALSE,
check_overlap = FALSE,
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA,
inherit.aes = TRUE
)
Arguments
call to ggplot().
geom_text_viewport 47
created.
hjust horizontal justification
vjust vertical justification
parse If TRUE, the labels will be parsed into expressions and displayed as described in
?plotmath.
check_overlap If TRUE, text that overlaps previous text in the same layer will not be plotted.
check_overlap happens at draw time and in the order of the data. Therefore
data should be arranged by the label column before calling geom_text(). Note
that this argument is not supported by geom_label().
Aesthetics
geom_Textunderstands the following aesthetics (required aesthetics are in bold):
• label
• x
• y
• alpha
• angle
• colour
• family
• fontface
48 geom_tri_tern
• hjust
• lineheight
• size
• vjust
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
See Also
geom_text
Examples
library(ggplot2)
data(Feldspar)
base = ggtern(data=Feldspar,aes(Ab,An,Or)) +
geom_mask() +
geom_point() +
geom_text_viewport(x=0.5,y=0.5,label="Middle",color='red') +
geom_text_viewport(x=1.0,y=1.0,label="Top Right",color='blue') +
geom_text_viewport(x=0.0,y=0.0,label="Bottom Left",color='green') +
geom_text_viewport(x=0.0,y=1.0,label="Top Left",color='orange') +
geom_text_viewport(x=1.0,y=0.0,label="Bottom Right",color='magenta')
base
base +
geom_text_viewport(x=0.9,y=0.5,label="Clipping Turned Off",color='purple',hjust=0,clip='on')
base +
geom_text_viewport(x=0.9,y=0.5,label="Clipping Turned Off",color='purple',hjust=0,clip='off')
geom_tri_tern Tribin (ggtern version).
Description
Divides the plane into regular triangles, counts the number of cases in each triangles, and then (by
default) maps the number of cases to the triangle fill.
Usage
geom_tri_tern(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
stat = "tri_tern",
geom_tri_tern 49
...,
fun = sum,
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA,
inherit.aes = TRUE
)
stat_tri_tern(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
geom = "tri_tern",
...,
bins = 30,
fun = sum,
centroid = FALSE,
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA,
inherit.aes = TRUE
)
Arguments

call to ggplot().
created.
fun the scalar function to use for the statistic
50 geom_tri_tern
geom, stat Override the default connection between ‘geom_hex_tern‘ and ‘stat_hex_tern‘
bins numeric vector giving number of bins in both vertical and horizontal directions.
Set to 30 by default.
centroid logical to return the centroid of the polygon, rather than the complete polygon
Aesthetics
@section Aesthetics: geom_hex()understands the following aesthetics (required aesthetics are in
bold):
• x
• y
• alpha
• colour
• fill
• group
• linetype
• linewidth
Learn more about setting these aesthetics in vignette("ggplot2-specs").
Examples
set.seed(1)
n = 1000
df = data.frame(x = runif(n),
y = runif(n),
z = runif(n),
wt = runif(n))
#Equivalent of Hexbin
geom_tri_tern(bins=10,aes(fill=..count..)) +
geom_point(size=0.25)
#Custom Function, Mean

geom_tri_tern(bins=5,aes(fill=..stat..,value=wt),fun=mean) +
geom_point(size=0.25)
geom_Xisoprop 51
geom_Xisoprop Fixed Value Isoproportion Lines
Description
Create fixed isoproportion lines for each of the ternary axes, geom_Xisoprop(...), (X = T, L, R)
will draw an isoproportion line projecting from the T, L and R apex respectively.
Usage
geom_Tisoprop(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
...,
value,
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA
)
geom_Lisoprop(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
...,
value,
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA
)
geom_Risoprop(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
...,
value,
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA
)
Arguments
call to ggplot().
52 geom_Xisoprop
created.
value, the isoproportion ratio to draw
Aesthetics
geom_Tisopropunderstands the following aesthetics (required aesthetics are in bold):
• value
• alpha
• arrow
• colour
• linetype
• size
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
Examples
data(Feldspar)
geom_Tisoprop(value=0.5) +
geom_Lisoprop(value=0.5) +
geom_Risoprop(value=0.5) +
geom_point()
geom_Xline 53
geom_Xline Fixed Value Lines
Description
Plot fixed value lines, for the top, left and right axis, analagous to the geom_hline and geom_vline
geometries in ggplot2
Usage
geom_Tline(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
...,
Tintercept,
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA
)
Tline(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
...,
Tintercept,
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA
)
tline(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
...,
Tintercept,
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA
)
geom_Lline(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
...,
Lintercept,
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA
)
Lline(
54 geom_Xline
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
...,
Lintercept,
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA
)
lline(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
...,
Lintercept,
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA
)
geom_Rline(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
...,
Rintercept,
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA
)
Rline(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
...,
Rintercept,
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA
)
rline(
mapping = NULL,
data = NULL,
...,
Rintercept,
na.rm = FALSE,
show.legend = NA
)
Arguments
mapping Set of aesthetic mappings created by aes().

ggplot 55
call to ggplot().
created.
Tintercept, Lintercept, Rintercept
the intercepts for the T, L and R axis respectively
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
Examples
ggtern() +
geom_Tline(Tintercept=.5,arrow=arrow(), colour='red') +
geom_Lline(Lintercept=.2, colour='green') +
geom_Rline(Rintercept=.1, colour='blue')
ggplot Create a new ggplot plot.
Description
ggplot() initializes a ggplot object. It can be used to declare the input data frame for a graphic and
to specify the set of plot aesthetics intended to be common throughout all subsequent layers unless
specifically overridden.
Usage
ggplot(data = NULL, mapping = aes(), ..., environment = parent.frame())
## S3 method for class 'ggplot'

print(x, newpage = is.null(vp), vp = NULL, ...)
## S3 method for class 'ggplot'

plot(x, newpage = is.null(vp), vp = NULL, ...)
56 ggplot
Arguments
data Default dataset to use for plot. If not already a data.frame, will be converted to
one by fortify(). If not specified, must be supplied in each layer added to the
plot.
mapping Default list of aesthetic mappings to use for plot. If not specified, must be sup-
plied in each layer added to the plot.
... other arguments not used by this method
environment [Deprecated] Used prior to tidy evaluation.
x plot to display
newpage draw new (empty) page first?
vp viewport to draw plot in
Details
ggplot() is typically used to construct a plot incrementally, using the + operator to add layers to the
existing ggplot object. This is advantageous in that the code is explicit about which layers are added
and the order in which they are added. For complex graphics with multiple layers, initialization with
ggplot is recommended.
There are three common ways to invoke ggplot:
• ggplot(df, aes(x, y, <other aesthetics>))

• ggplot(df)
• ggplot()
The first method is recommended if all layers use the same data and the same set of aesthetics,
although this method can also be used to add a layer using data from another data frame. See the
first example below. The second method specifies the default data frame to use for the plot, but
no aesthetics are defined up front. This is useful when one data frame is used predominantly as
layers are added, but the aesthetics may vary from one layer to another. The third method initializes
a skeleton ggplot object which is fleshed out as layers are added. This method is useful when
multiple data frames are used to produce different layers, as is often the case in complex graphics.
Value
Invisibly returns the result of ggplot_build, which is a list with components that contain the plot
itself, the data, information about the scales, panels etc.
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
ggsave 57
ggsave Save a ggplot (or other grid object) with sensible defaults (ggtern ver-
sion)
Description
ggsave() is a convenient function for saving a plot. It defaults to saving the last plot that you
displayed, using the size of the current graphics device. It also guesses the type of graphics device
from the extension.
Usage
ggsave(
filename,
plot = last_plot(),
device = NULL,
path = NULL,
scale = 1,
width = NA,
height = NA,
units = c("in", "cm", "mm"),
dpi = 300,
limitsize = TRUE,
...
)
Arguments
filename File name to create on disk.
plot Plot to save, defaults to last plot displayed.
device Device to use (function or any of the recognized extensions, e.g. "pdf"). By
default, extracted from filename extension. ggsave currently recognises eps/ps,
tex (pictex), pdf, jpeg, tiff, png, bmp, svg and wmf (windows only).
path Path to save plot to (combined with filename).
scale Multiplicative scaling factor.
width, height Plot dimensions, defaults to size of current graphics device.
units Units for width and height when specified explicitly (in, cm, or mm)
dpi Resolution used for raster outputs.
limitsize When TRUE (the default), ggsave will not save images larger than 50x50 inches,
to prevent the common error of specifying dimensions in pixels.
... Other arguments passed on to graphics device
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
58 ggtern
Examples
## Not run:
data(Feldspar)
base = ggtern(Feldspar,aes(Ab,An,Or)) + geom_point()
ggsave("./output.pdf",base,width=10,height=10)
## End(Not run)
ggtern ggtern Constructor
Description
Plots in ggtern are instigated via the default constructor: ggtern(...), which is essentially a
convenience wrapper for the following: ggplot{...} + coord_tern(), indeed, if one wishes to
use ggplot{...} + coord_tern() then this is quite satisfactory.
Usage
ggtern(data = NULL, mapping = aes(), ..., environment = parent.frame())
Arguments
data Default dataset to use for plot. If not already a data.frame, will be converted to
one by fortify(). If not specified, must be supplied in each layer added to the
plot.
mapping Default list of aesthetic mappings to use for plot. If not specified, must be sup-
plied in each layer added to the plot.
... additional arguments passed through to ggplot
environment [Deprecated] Used prior to tidy evaluation.
Value
ggtern(...) returns an object of class ggplot.
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
See Also
For an introduction to the ggtern package, (including many examples), click HERE.
Examples
ggtern(data=data.frame(x=1,y=1,z=1),aes(x,y,z)) + geom_point()
ggtern_labels 59
ggtern_labels Change Axis labels and legend titles
Description
New label modification functions, equivalent to the original functions in ggplot2 (xlab and ylab)
however for the new axes used in the ggtern package
Usage
Tlab(label, labelarrow = label)
Llab(label, labelarrow = label)
Rlab(label, labelarrow = label)
Wlab(label)
zlab(label)
Tarrowlab(label)
Larrowlab(label)
Rarrowlab(label)
Arguments
label the desired label

labelarrow the desired label, if different to label, for the markers along the procession ar-
rows
Details
Tlab and xlab are equivalent (when T='x' in the coord_tern definition), as is Llab and ylab
(when L='y') , and Rlab and zlab (when R='z'), for other assignments when coord_tern is
defined, the equivalence is not the case, however, if T='XXX', then Tlab will be the same as XXXlab
(where XXX can be substituted for 'x', 'y' or 'z', and likewise for Llab and Rlab).
zlab is new to ggtern, but is intended to be an analogous to xlab and ylab as per the definitions
in ggplot2.
Arrow Label
Tarrowlab, Larrowlab and Rarrowlab permits setting a different label to the apex labels.
60 ggtern_labels
Arrow Label Suffix

Wlab changes the ternary arrow suffix (ie atomic percent, weight percent etc) when the ternary
arrows are enabled (see theme_showarrows and weight_percent)
Precedence
AAAlab takes precedence over BBBlab (where AAA represents T, L or R and BBB represents x, y or
z)
Use of Expressions
Expressions can be used in the labels, in the event that the user wishes to render formula, subscripts
or superscripts, see the last example below.
Creation of Aliasses
Aliasses exist for Tlab, Llab, Rlab and Wlab, which are tlab, llab, rlab and wlab. These aliasses
produce an identical result, and are there for convenience (as opposed to having an error thrown) in
the event that the user forgets to use an upper-case letter.
Arguments for these functions can be provided as a character or expression, although other
values can be inputed (such as, for example, scalar numeric or logical). ggtern also imports the
latex2exp package, and these formats can be parsed too.
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
See Also
ggplot2 labs
Examples
data(Feldspar)
plot <- ggtern(data=Feldspar,aes(Ab,An,Or)) + geom_point() +
xlab("ABC") + ylab("DEF") + zlab("GHI")
#Alternatives, and Arrow Label

plot + Tlab("TOP") + Llab("LHS") + Rlab("RHS") +
Tarrowlab("Top Arrow Label") + Larrowlab("Left Arrow Label") + Rarrowlab("Right Arrow Label") +
theme_showarrows() + Wlab("WEIGHT")
#Demonstrate the use of the latex2exp integration, and seperate arrow labels.
ggtern(data=Feldspar,aes(x=Ab,y=An,z=Or)) +
labs( x = "NaAlSi_3O_8",
xarrow = "Albite, NaAlSi_3O_8",
y = "(Na,K)AlSi_3O_8",
yarrow = "Anorthite (Na,K)AlSi_3O_8",
z = "KAlSi_3O_8",
zarrow = "Orthoclase KAlSi_3O_8") +
ggtern_labels_arrow_suffix 61
theme_latex(TRUE) +
geom_point() +
theme_clockwise() +
weight_percent()
ggtern_labels_arrow_suffix
Atomic, Weight or Custom Percentage Suffix
Description
By default there are no suffixes behind the arrow label marker (the arrow up next to the ternary
axes), and these functions appends to the set of arrow labels, a value to indicate the nature of the
scale.
percent_weight adds ’Wt. %’ to the arrow marker label as a suffix
weight_percent is an alias for percent_weight()
percent_atomic adds ’At. %’ to the arrow marker label as a suffix
atomic_percent is an alias for percent_atomic()
percent_custom adds a custom suffix to the arrow label marker.
custom_percent is an alias for percent_custom()
Usage
percent_weight()
weight_percent()
percent_atomic()
atomic_percent()
percent_custom(x)
custom_percent(x)
Arguments
x the custom suffix
Details
These are convenience wrappers to labs(W="XYZ").
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
62 ggtern_package
See Also
Convenience functions for T, L, R, W labels
ggtern_package Ternary Diagrams in R
Description
Ternary diagrams are used frequently in a number of disciplines to graph compositional features for
mixtures of three different elements or compounds. It is possible to represent a coordinate system
having three (3) degrees of freedom, in 2D space, since the third dimention is linear and depends
only on the other two.
The ggtern package is based on (extends) the very popular ggplot2 package, which is an imple-
mentation of Wilkinsons "The Grammar of Graphics", and, makes provision for a highly methodical
construction process for the development of meaningful (graphical) data representations. Of course,
the above book by Wilkinson outlines the theory, whilst Hadley Wickhams ggplot2 implementa-
tion is where much of the magic happens, and, an ideal base-platform for the ggtern package.
In this document, some of the main features are highlighted, however, current examples (and corre-
sponding outputs) can be viewed at http://ggtern.com
ggtern Constructor
Plots in ggtern are instigated via the default constructor: ggtern(...), for additional information,
click HERE:
ggtern Ternary Coordinate System

The foundation of this package, is the ternary coordinate system, which can be produced with
the coord_tern(...) command and added to an existing ggplot object. The ggtern(...) con-
structor adds the coord_tern(...) coordinate system by default. For further information on the
coord_tern(...) coordinate system, click HERE.
ggtern Valid Geometries

ggplot2, using the grid and proto architectures, makes provision for a many number of geometries
to be added progressively in ’layers’ to a given base plot. Due to the nature of the ternary coordinate
system, some of the geometries which are available in ggplot2, are not relevant (or won’t function)
with ternary plots and as such, a limited number of ’approved’ geometries can be used. Click HERE
for the full list of approved geometries.
Notably, ggtern includes novel geometries not available to ggplot2 which include:
1. Confidence Intervals via the Mahalnobis Distance

2. Ternary Errorbars
3. Ternary Constant-Lines
ggtern_package 63
ggtern Handling Non-Approved Geometries
If a geometric layer is added that is NOT contained in the approved list, IT WILL BE STRIPPED
/ IGNORED from the ternary diagram when rendering takes place (notifying the user to such
effect). The reason for this is that subtle ’patches’ have been applied, which are mainly to do with
the transformation procedures when incorporating a ’third’ dimention. NB: In the future, others
may be made available once patched.
ggtern New Theme Elements and Heirarchies
ggtern implements many new theme elements and heirarchies which can be tailored on a case-by-
case basis. The full list of new elements can is provided HERE.
ggtern Theme Element Convenience Functions
ggtern has made available a number of convenience functions, for rapid tweaking of common
theme elements, for a comprehensive list, see HERE.
ggtern Modification to Required Aesthetics
Each geometry has a pre-determined set of required aesthetics. These have been modifid such that
where x and y were previously required, now an additional z aesthetic is required (geom_segment
now requires z and zend). This is made possible without affecting the standard ggplot2 behaviour
because ggtern distinuishes between ggplot2 and ggtern objects, distinguished by the presence
of the coord_tern(...) coordinate system.
ggtern Provided Datasets
ggtern ships with a number of datasets, including:
1. Elkin and Groves Feldspar Data

2. USDA Textural Classification Data
3. Grantham and Valbel Rock Fragment Data
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
References
To cite this package, please use the following:

Hamilton NE and Ferry M (2018). "ggtern: Ternary Diagrams Using ggplot2." Journal of Statistical
Software, Code Snippets, 87(3), pp. 1-17. doi: 10.18637/jss.v087.c03 (URL:http://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v087.c03)
A bibtex entry can be obtained by executing the following command: citation('ggtern')
64 ggtern_themes
Examples
##-----------------------------------------------
## Basic Usage
##-----------------------------------------------
df = data.frame(x = runif(50),
y = runif(50),
z = runif(50),
Value = runif(50,1,10),
Group = as.factor(round(runif(50,1,2))))
ggtern(data=df,aes(x,y,z,color=Group)) +
theme_rgbw() +
geom_point() + geom_path() +
labs(x="X",y="Y",z="Z",title="Title")
ggtern_themes ggtern themes
Description
Themes set the general aspect of the plot such as the colour of the background, gridlines, the size
and colour of fonts.
Usage
theme_ggtern(base_size = 11, base_family = "")
theme_gray(base_size = 11, base_family = "")
theme_bw(base_size = 12, base_family = "")
theme_linedraw(base_size = 12, base_family = "")
theme_light(base_size = 12, base_family = "")
theme_minimal(base_size = 12, base_family = "")
theme_classic(base_size = 12, base_family = "")
theme_dark(base_size = 12, base_family = "")
theme_void(base_size = 12, base_family = "")
theme_darker(base_size = 12, base_family = "")
theme_custom(
base_size = 12,
ggtern_themes 65
base_family = "",
tern.plot.background = NULL,
tern.panel.background = NULL,
col.T = "black",
col.L = "black",
col.R = "black",
col.grid.minor = "white"
)
theme_rgbw(base_size = 12, base_family = "")
theme_rgbg(base_size = 12, base_family = "")
theme_matrix(base_size = 12, base_family = "")
theme_tropical(base_size = 12, base_family = "")
theme_bluedark(base_size = 12, base_family = "")
theme_bluelight(base_size = 12, base_family = "")
theme_bvbw(base_size = 12, base_family = "")
theme_bvbg(base_size = 12, base_family = "")
Arguments
base_size base font size

base_family base font family
tern.plot.background
colour of background colour to plot area
tern.panel.background
colour of panel background of plot area
col.T colour of top axis, ticks labels and major gridlines
col.L colour of left axis, ticks, labels and major gridlines
col.R colour of right axis, ticks, labels and major gridlines
col.grid.minor the colour of the minor grid theme_custom is a convenience function to allow
the user to control the basic theme colours very easily.
Details
theme_gray The signature ggplot2 theme with a grey background and white gridlines, designed to
put the data forward yet make comparisons easy.
theme_bw The classic dark-on-light ggplot2 theme. May work better for presentations displayed
with a projector.
66 ggtern_themes
theme_linedraw A theme with only black lines of various widths on white backgrounds, reminis-
cent of a line drawings. Serves a purpose similar to theme_bw. Note that this theme has some
very thin lines (« 1 pt) which some journals may refuse.
theme_light A theme similar to theme_linedraw but with light grey lines and axes, to direct
more attention towards the data.
theme_dark The dark cousin of theme_light, with similar line sizes but a dark background. Use-
ful to make thin coloured lines pop out.
theme_darker A darker cousing to theme_dark, with a dark panel background.
theme_minimal A minimalistic theme with no background annotations.
theme_classic A classic-looking theme, with x and y axis lines and no gridlines.
theme_rgbw A theme with white background, red, green and blue axes and gridlines
theme_rgbg A theme with grey background, red, green and blue axes and gridlines
theme_void A completely empty theme.
theme_custom Theme with custom basic colours
theme_matrix Theme with very dark background and bright green features
theme_tropical Theme with tropical colours
theme_bluelight A blue theme with light background and dark features
theme_bluedark A blue theme with dark background and light features
theme_bvbw A black/vermillion/blue theme with white background, for colorblind sensitive read-
ers, see references.
theme_bvbg A black/vermillion/blue theme with grey background, for colorblind sensitive readers,
see references.
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
References
Okabe, Masataka, and Kei Ito. "How to make figures and presentations that are friendly to color
blind people." University of Tokyo (2002). http://jfly.iam.u-tokyo.ac.jp/color/
Examples
#Create a list of the theme suffixes

themesOrg = c('gray','bw','linedraw','light',
'dark','minimal','classic','void')
themesNew = c('custom','darker','rgbw','rgbg','tropical',
'matrix','bluelight','bluedark','bvbw','bvbg')
#Iterate over all the suffixes, creating a list of plots

plotThemes = function(themes){
grobs = lapply(themes,function(x){
thmName = sprintf("theme_%s",x)
labels_tern 67
thm = do.call(thmName,args=list(base_size=9))
df = data.frame(label=thmName)
ggtern(df) + facet_wrap(~label) + thm
})
grobs
}
#Arrange the Original Themes

grid.arrange(grobs=plotThemes(themesOrg),top = "Collection of Themes (Original)")
#Arrange the New Themes

grid.arrange(grobs=plotThemes(themesNew),top = "Collection of Themes (New Themes)")
labels_tern Generate Axis Labels
Description
Calculates the Labels for Major or Minor Gridlines based on the input limits.
Usage
labels_tern(
limits = c(0, 1),
breaks = breaks_tern(limits),
format = "%g",
factor = 100
)
Arguments
limits the scale limits
breaks numeric denoting the breaks to produce corresponding labels
format the formatting string to be passed through to the sprintf function
factor the multiplicative factor
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
Examples
labels_tern()
labels_tern(limits = c(0,.5))
68 mahalanobis_distance
label_formatter label_formatter is a function that formats / parses labels for use in

the grid.
Description
label_formatter is a function that formats / parses labels for use in the grid.
Usage
label_formatter(label, ...)
Arguments
label character label
... additional arguments
mahalanobis_distance Mahalanobis Distance
Description
Modified version of the code provided in the drawMahal package
Usage
mahalanobis_distance(
x,
x.mean,
x.cov,
whichlines = c(0.975, 0.9, 0.75),
m = 360
)
Arguments
x data
x.mean mean value
x.cov coveriance value
whichlines the confidence values
m the number of values to return for each line
Value
list containing mdX and mdY values.
position_jitter_tern 69
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
position_jitter_tern Jitter Ternary Points
Description
Jitter ternary points to avoid overplotting.
Usage
position_jitter_tern(x = NULL, y = NULL, z = NULL)
Arguments
x, y, z amount of positional jitter
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
See Also
Other position adjustments: position_nudge_tern()
position_nudge_tern Nudge Ternary Points.
Description
This is useful if you want to nudge labels a little ways from their points, input data will normalised
to sum to unity before applying the particular nudge, so the nudge variables should be as a fraction
ie (0,1)
Usage
position_nudge_tern(x = 0, y = 0, z = 0)
Arguments
x, y, z Amount of compositions to nudge
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
70 scale_X_continuous
See Also
Other position adjustments: position_jitter_tern()
predictdf2d Prediction data frame
Description
Get predictions with standard errors into data frame
Usage
predictdf2d(model, xseq, yseq)
Arguments
model the model to predict
xseq, yseq the x and y values
scale_X_continuous Ternary Position Scales
Description
Define the ternary continuous position scales (T, L & R).
Usage
scale_T_continuous(
name = waiver(),
limits = NULL,
breaks = waiver(),
minor_breaks = waiver(),
labels = waiver(),
...
)
scale_L_continuous(
name = waiver(),
limits = NULL,
breaks = waiver(),
labels = waiver(),
...
)
scale_X_continuous 71
scale_R_continuous(
name = waiver(),
limits = NULL,
breaks = waiver(),
labels = waiver(),
...
)
Arguments
name The name of the scale. Used as the axis or legend title. If waiver(), the default,
the name of the scale is taken from the first mapping used for that aesthetic. If
NULL, the legend title will be omitted.
limits One of:
• NULL to use the default scale range
• A numeric vector of length two providing limits of the scale. Use NA to
refer to the existing minimum or maximum
• A function that accepts the existing (automatic) limits and returns new
limits. Also accepts rlang lambda function notation. Note that setting
limits on positional scales will remove data outside of the limits. If the
purpose is to zoom, use the limit argument in the coordinate system (see
coord_cartesian()).
breaks One of:
• NULL for no breaks
• waiver() for the default breaks computed by the transformation object
• A numeric vector of positions
• A function that takes the limits as input and returns breaks as output (e.g.,
a function returned by scales::extended_breaks()). Also accepts rlang
lambda function notation.
minor_breaks One of:
• NULL for no minor breaks
• waiver() for the default breaks (one minor break between each major
break)
• A numeric vector of positions
• A function that given the limits returns a vector of minor breaks. Also
accepts rlang lambda function notation. When the function has two argu-
ments, it will be given the limits and major breaks.
labels One of:
• NULL for no labels
• waiver() for the default labels computed by the transformation object
• A character vector giving labels (must be same length as breaks)
• An expression vector (must be the same length as breaks). See ?plotmath
for details.
72 ternary_transformation
• A function that takes the breaks as input and returns labels as output. Also
accepts rlang lambda function notation.
... not used
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
strip_unapproved Strip Unapproved Layers
Description
strip_unapproved is an internal function which essentially ’deletes’ layers from the current ternary
plot in the event that such layers are not one of the approved layers. For a layer to be approved, it
must use an approved geometry, and also an approved stat. Refer to approved_layers for the current
list of approved geometries and stats
Usage
strip_unapproved(layers)
Arguments
layers list of the layers to strip unnaproved layers from.
Value
strip_unapproved returns a list of approved layers (may be empty if none are approved).
ternary_transformation
Ternary / Cartesian Transformation
Description
Functions to transform data from the ternary to cartesian spaces and vice-versa.
Usage
tlr2xy(data, coord, ..., inverse = FALSE, scale = TRUE, drop = FALSE)
xy2tlr(data, coord, ..., inverse = FALSE, scale = TRUE)

tern_limits 73
Arguments
data data.frame containing columns as required by the coordinate system. Data will
be scaled so that the rows sum to unity, in the event that the user has provided
data that does not.
coord Coordinate system object, inheriting the CoordTern class, error will be thrown
if a different coordinate system is sent to this method
... not used
inverse logical if we are doing a forward (FALSE) or reverse (TRUE) transformation
scale logical as to whether the transformed coordinates are scaled (or reverse scaled
in the case of inverse transformation) according to the training routine defined
in the coordinate system.
drop drop all non columns which are not involved in the transformation
Details
tlr2xy transforms from the ternary to cartesian spaces, an inverse transformation transforms be-
tween cartesian to ternary spaces
xy2tlr transforms from the cartesian to ternary spaces, an inverse transformation transforms be-
tween ternary to cartesian spaces, it is the reciprocal to tlr2xy, therefore an inverse transformation
in xy2tlr function is the same as the forward transformation in tlr2xy
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
Examples
data(Feldspar)
dfm = plyr::rename(Feldspar,c("Ab"="x","An"="y","Or"="z"))
crd = coord_tern()
fwd = tlr2xy(dfm,crd)
rev = tlr2xy(fwd,crd,inverse = TRUE)
tern_limits Restrict Ternary Limits
Description
tern_limits (or its aliasses) appends new T, L and R ternary continuous scales, where the maxi-
mum scale value is specified, and, where the minimums for each are solved.
Usage
tern_limit(T = 1, L = 1, R = 1, ...)
limit_tern(...)
74 tern_limits
Arguments
T, L, R numeric value (scalar) of the maximum T,L,R species limit for each scale re-
spectively
... other arguments to pass to ALL of scale_X_continuous (X = T, L, R)
Details
The contra value (ie minimum value) for the T, L and R species is solved using linear equations,
therefore, if the solution is degenerate, or, the solution results in a zero range in either of the
proposed scales, then a warning message will be reported and an empty list returned. Note that
limits_tern(...), limit_tern(...) and tern_limit(...) are all aliasses for the main func-
tion, tern_limits(...) and can be used interchangeably.
Value
Either an empty list (when no solution can be found), or a list containing one of each of scale_X_continuous
(X = T, L, R)
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
See Also
scale_T_continuous, scale_L_continuous and scale_R_continuous
Examples
#Display a non-zoomed and zoomed plot side by side
data(Feldspar)
df.lims = data.frame(Ab = c(1,.25,.25),
An = c(0,.75,.00),
Or = c(0,.00,.75))
#Build the non-zoomed plot
A = ggtern(Feldspar,aes(Ab,An,Or)) +
stat_density_tern(geom='polygon',aes(fill=..level..,alpha=..level..)) +
geom_point() +
geom_mask() +
geom_polygon(data=df.lims,color='red',alpha=0,size=0.5) +
guides(color='none',fill='none',alpha='none') +
labs(title = "Non-Zoomed")
#Build the zoomed plot

B = A +
tern_limits(T=max(df.lims$An), L=max(df.lims$Ab), R=max(df.lims$Or)) +
labs(title = "Zoomed")
#Arrange the above plots side by side for illustration

grid.arrange(A,B,ncol=2,top="Demonstration of Limiting Region")
theme 75
theme Modify components of a theme
Description
Custom theme elements for ggtern
Arguments
tern.axis.arrow
Base Arrow Line (‘element_line‘; inherits from ‘axis.line‘)
tern.axis.arrow.T
Arrow Line for TOP Axis (‘element_line‘; inherits from ‘tern.axis.arrow‘)
tern.axis.arrow.L
Arrow Line for LHS Axis (‘element_line‘; inherits from ‘tern.axis.arrow‘)
tern.axis.arrow.R
Arrow Line for RHS Axis (‘element_line‘; inherits from ‘tern.axis.arrow‘)
tern.axis.arrow.text
Base Arrow Label (‘element_text‘; inherits from ‘tern.axis.text‘)
tern.axis.arrow.text.T
Arrow Label on TOP Axis (‘element_text‘; inherits from ‘tern.axis.arrow.text‘)
tern.axis.arrow.text.L
Arrow Label on LHS Axis (‘element_text‘; inherits from ‘tern.axis.arrow.text‘)
tern.axis.arrow.text.R
Arrow Label on RHS Axis (‘element_text‘; inherits from ‘tern.axis.arrow.text‘)
tern.axis.arrow.start
Proportion of Axis when Arrow Starts (‘numeric‘)
tern.axis.arrow.finish
Proportion of Axis when Arrow Finishes (‘numeric‘)
tern.axis.arrow.sep
Arrows Seperation from Axis (‘numeric‘)
tern.axis.arrow.show
Arrows Show or Hide (‘logical‘)
tern.axis.clockwise
Clockwise or Anticlockwise Precession (‘logical‘)
tern.axis.vshift
Amount to nudge the plot vertically (‘numeric‘)
tern.axis.hshift
Amount to nudge the plot horizontally (‘numeric‘)
tern.axis.line.ontop
Bring Axis Borders on Top of Everything (Depreciated) (‘logical‘)
tern.axis.line Base Line (‘element_line‘; inherits from ‘axis.line‘)
tern.axis.line.T
Line for TOP Axis (‘element_line‘; inherits from ‘tern.axis.line‘)
76 theme
tern.axis.line.L
Line for LHS Axis (‘element_line‘; inherits from ‘tern.axis.line‘)
tern.axis.line.R
Line for RHS Axis (‘element_line‘; inherits from ‘tern.axis.line‘)
tern.axis.text Base Text (‘element_text‘; inherits from ‘axis.text‘)
tern.axis.text.T
Text for TOP Axis (‘element_text‘; inherits from ‘tern.axis.text‘)
tern.axis.text.L
Text for LHS Axis (‘element_text‘; inherits from ‘tern.axis.text‘)
tern.axis.text.R
Text for RHS Axis (‘element_text‘; inherits from ‘tern.axis.text‘)
tern.axis.text.show
Axis Labels Show or Hide (‘logical‘)
tern.axis.ticks
Base Ticks (‘element_line‘; inherits from ‘axis.ticks‘)
tern.axis.ticks.length.major
Ticks Major Ticklength (‘unit‘)
tern.axis.ticks.length.minor
Ticks Minor Ticklength (‘unit‘)
tern.axis.ticks.major
Base Major Ticks (‘element_line‘; inherits from ‘tern.axis.ticks‘)
tern.axis.ticks.major.T
Base Major Ticks for TOP Axis (‘element_line‘; inherits from ‘tern.axis.ticks.major‘)
tern.axis.ticks.major.L
Base Major Ticks for LHS Axis (‘element_line‘; inherits from ‘tern.axis.ticks.major‘)
tern.axis.ticks.major.R
Base Major Ticks for RHS Axis (‘element_line‘; inherits from ‘tern.axis.ticks.major‘)
tern.axis.ticks.minor
Base Minor Ticks (‘element_line‘; inherits from ‘tern.axis.ticks‘)
tern.axis.ticks.minor.T
Base Minor Ticks for TOP Axis (‘element_line‘; inherits from ‘tern.axis.ticks.minor‘)
tern.axis.ticks.minor.L
Base Minor Ticks for LHS Axis (‘element_line‘; inherits from ‘tern.axis.ticks.minor‘)
tern.axis.ticks.minor.R
Base Minor Ticks for RHS Axis (‘element_line‘; inherits from ‘tern.axis.ticks.minor‘)
tern.axis.ticks.outside
Ticks Outside or Inside (‘logical‘)
tern.axis.ticks.primary.show
Ticks Show Primary (‘logical‘)
tern.axis.ticks.secondary.show
Ticks Show Secondary (‘logical‘)
tern.axis.title
Base Apex Title (‘element_text‘; inherits from ‘axis.title‘)
tern.axis.title.T
Apex Title for TOP Axis (‘element_text‘; inherits from ‘tern.axis.title‘)
theme 77
tern.axis.title.L
Apex Title for LHS Axis (‘element_text‘; inherits from ‘tern.axis.title‘)
tern.axis.title.R
Apex Title for RHS Axis (‘element_text‘; inherits from ‘tern.axis.title‘)
tern.axis.title.show
Apex Titles Show or Hide (‘logical‘)
tern.panel.expand
The amount to expand the ternary plotting panel, in ratio to npc units (‘numeric‘)
tern.panel.grid.major
Base Major Gridline (‘element_line‘; inherits from ‘panel.grid.major‘)
tern.panel.grid.major.T
Major Gridline for TOP Axis (‘element_line‘; inherits from ‘tern.panel.grid.major‘)
tern.panel.grid.major.L
Major Gridline for LHS Axis (‘element_line‘; inherits from ‘tern.panel.grid.major‘)
tern.panel.grid.major.R
Major Gridline for RHS Axis (‘element_line‘; inherits from ‘tern.panel.grid.major‘)
tern.panel.grid.major.show
Show or Hide Major Gridline (‘logical‘)
tern.panel.grid.minor
Base Minor Gridline (‘element_line‘; inherits from ‘panel.grid.minor‘)
tern.panel.grid.minor.T
Minor Gridline for TOP Axis (‘element_line‘; inherits from ‘tern.panel.grid.minor‘)
tern.panel.grid.minor.L
Minor Gridline for LHS Axis (‘element_line‘; inherits from ‘tern.panel.grid.minor‘)
tern.panel.grid.minor.R
Minor Gridline for RHS Axis (‘element_line‘; inherits from ‘tern.panel.grid.minor‘)
tern.panel.grid.minor.show
Show or Hide Minor Gridline (‘logical‘)
tern.panel.grid.ontop
Bring grids, axis and axis labels on top of everything else (‘logical‘)
tern.panel.mask.show
Show or Hide the Clipping Mask (‘logical‘)
tern.panel.rotate
The amount to rotate the ternary diagram in degrees (‘numeric‘)
tern.plot.background
Background of Ternary Clipping Area** (‘element_rect‘; inherits from ‘plot.background‘)
tern.plot.latex
Whether to parse characters as latex commands (‘logical‘)
Details
Modify components of a theme (ggtern version)
Use ‘theme()‘ to modify individual components of a theme, allowing you to control the appearance
of all non-data components of the plot. ‘theme()‘ only affects a single plot: see [theme_update()] if
you want modify the active theme, to affect all subsequent plots.
78 theme_arrowlength
Theme inheritance
Theme elements inherit properties from other theme elements. For example, ‘axis.title.x‘ inherits
from ‘axis.title‘, which in turn inherits from ‘text‘. All text elements inherit directly or indirectly
from ‘text‘; all lines inherit from ‘line‘, and all rectangular objects inherit from ‘rect‘. This means
that you can modify the appearance of multiple elements by setting a single high-level component.
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
See Also
theme
theme_arrowlength Change the Length of the Ternary Arrows
Description
A set of convenience functions to rapidly change the length of the ternary arrows, the convenience
functions include presets (short, normal, long), or makes provision for the user to specify custom
fractional starting and ending values relative to the size of the ternary axis. In the event that the
user elects to specify the values via the theme_arrowcustomlength (or its aliasses), then the user
can specify a single scalar value which apply to all three (3) arrows, or, alternatively, can provide a
numeric vector of length three (3), one for each arrow respectively.
Usage
theme_arrowcustomlength(
start = getOption("tern.arrow.start"),
finish = getOption("tern.arrow.finish")
)
theme_arrowlength(
start = getOption("tern.arrow.start"),
finish = getOption("tern.arrow.finish")
)
theme_arrowsmall()
theme_arrowshort()
theme_arrownormal()
theme_arrowdefault()
theme_arrowlarge()
theme_arrowlength 79
theme_arrowlong()
Arguments
start a numeric scalar, or numeric vector of length three (3), representing the frac-
tional [0,1] position along the axis where the arrow/s should START.
finish a numeric scalar, or numeric vector of length three (3), representing the frac-
tional [0,1] position along the axis where the arrow/s should FINISH.
Details
If the ternary arrows are switched OFF (via the theme_hidearrows command, or the theme(tern.axis.arrow.show=FALSE)
theme element), then under such circumstance, these convenience functions will turn ON the ternary
arrows, essentially running theme_showarrows or theme(tern.axis.arrow.show=TRUE)
If for some reason, the start and finish arguments are identical, then the ternary arrows will be
switched OFF, tantamount to running the theme_hidearrows convenience function.
Custom Length
theme_arrowcustomlength or theme_arrowlength (alias) sets the ternary arrow lengths to values
as specified by the user, occupying a length between the values as specified by the start and finish
arguments (fractions) relative to the length of the ternary axis.
Short Arrow Length

theme_arrowsmall or theme_arrowshort(alias) reduces the ternary arrows to short arrows, occu-
pying a length between 0.4 and 0.6 of the length of the ternary axis
Normal/Default Arrow Length

theme_arrownormal or theme_arrowdefault(alias) reduces the ternary arrows to normally sized
arrows, occupying a length between getOption("tern.arrow.start") and getOption("tern.arrow.finish")
global option values, whatever they may be.
Long Arrow Length

theme_arrowlarge or theme_arrowlong(alias) increases the ternary arrows to long arrows occu-
pying a length between 0.2 and 0.8 of the length of the ternary axis
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
See Also
theme_arrowbaseline and theme(tern.axis.arrow.sep=X) for methods to adjust the separation
distance of the ternary arrows from the ternary axes.
80 theme_clockwise
Examples
#Create base plot
plot <- ggtern(data=data.frame(x=1,y=1,z=1),aes(x,y,z)) + geom_point()
#Pre-Specified Values
plot + theme_arrowsmall()
## Alternatives, Uncomment lines below

plot + theme_arrownormal()
plot + theme_arrowlarge()
plot + theme_arrowcustomlength(.1,.8)
plot + theme_arrowlength(start=c(.1,.25,.4),finish=c(.9,.75,.6))
theme_bordersontop Render Borders on Top
Description
Convenience functions to render the axis border lines on top (or bottom) of the other layers. By
default the borders are rendered in the background (bottom)
Usage
theme_bordersontop()
theme_bordersonbottom()
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
theme_clockwise Direction of Ternary Rotation
Description
theme_clockwise, theme_anticlockwise (or their aliasses) are function that instructs the axes
precession to be clockwise or anticlockwise respectively.
Usage
theme_clockwise()
theme_anticlockwise()
theme_counterclockwise()
theme_complete 81
Details
If the tern.axis.arrow.show value is FALSE, these functions will set it to TRUE.
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
theme_complete List of Available Themes
Description
ggtern ships with a number of complete themes, summarized as follows. These themes combine
the base themes available to ggplot2 and a number of NEW themes, which are unique to ggtern.
Black and White Theme: theme_bw(...)

Minimal Theme: theme_minimal(...)
Classic Theme: theme_classic(...)
Gray and White Theme: theme_gray(...)
Red, Green, Blue and White Theme: theme_rgbw(...)
Red, Green, Blue and Gray Theme: theme_rgbg(...)
Dark Theme: theme_dark(...)
Darker Theme: theme_darker(...)
Light Theme: theme_light(...)
Theme with Only Black Lines: theme_linedraw(...)
Matrix Theme: theme_matrix(...)
Tropical Theme: theme_tropical(...)
BlueLight Theme: theme_bluelight(...)
BlueDark Theme: theme_bluedark(...)
Black Vermillion Blue Theme (White Background): theme_bvbw(...)
Black Vermillion Blue Theme (Grey Background): theme_bvbg(...)
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
See Also
ggtern_themes
82 theme_convenience_functions
theme_convenience_functions
Theme Convenience Functions
Description
ggtern has made available a number of convenience functions for rapid tweaking of the various
theme elements, for a full list of the available theme elements which can be manually modified, see
HERE.
Convenience Functions
Some of the Convenience functions that ship with ggtern, to assist in the rapid modification of key
theme elements:
• Show/Hide Axis Titles

• Show/Hide Arrows
• Show/Hide Grids
• Show/Hide Axis Ticklabels
• Show/Hide Primary/Secondary Ticks
• Ticks Inside or Outside of the Main Plot Area
• Set Length of arrows
• Clockwise/Anticlockwise Axis Precession
• Rotate the plot by X degrees or radians
• Create a mesh of 'n' Major/Minor gridlines
• Enable/Disable parsing of labels according to latex markup
• Turn off the clipping mask
• Atomic or Weight Percent Arrow Label Suffix.
Manual Modification
For manual modification on a per-element basis:
• Ternary Theme Elements
Default Themes
Default (complete) themes which ship with ggtern:
• Complete Themes
theme_elements 83
Examples
#Load data and create the base plot.

plot <- ggtern() + theme_bw() +
theme(tern.axis.ticks.length.major=unit(3.0,'mm'),
tern.axis.ticks.length.minor=unit(1.5,'mm'))
plot
#Show Arrows
last_plot() + theme_showarrows()
#Major/Minor Grids?
last_plot() + theme_nogrid_minor()
last_plot() + theme_nogrid_major()
last_plot() + theme_showgrid()
#Clockwise/Anticlockwise Precession
last_plot() + theme_clockwise()
#Ticks Inside or Outside

last_plot() + theme_ticksinside()
#Show/Hide BOTH Primary and Secondary Ticks

last_plot() + theme_showticks()
last_plot() + theme_hideticks()
#Show/Hide EITHER Primary OR Secondary Ticks.

last_plot() + theme_showprimary() + theme_hidesecondary()
last_plot() + theme_hideprimary() + theme_showsecondary()
#Atomic / Weight Percent

last_plot() + theme_showarrows() + atomic_percent() #+weight_percent()
last_plot() + theme_showarrows() + custom_percent("Atomic Percent")
#Rotation
last_plot() + theme_rotate(60)
theme_elements New Theme Elements
Description
ggtern creates many new theme elements and inheritances, the following is an outline:
Details
Theme elements can inherit properties from other theme elements. For example, axis.title.x
inherits from axis.title, which in turn inherits from text. All text elements inherit directly or
indirectly from text; all lines inherit from line, and all rectangular objects inherit from rect.
84 theme_latex
Modifying the newly created items requires the same procedures as introduced in the ggplot2
theme documentation. Some convenience functions have been also newly created, proceed to
theme_convenience_functions for additional information.
New/Additional Inheritance Structures

** NB: tern.panel.background, whilst the ternary area is ’triangular’ per-se, element_rect has
been used, as it actually holds NO information regarding the geometry (width, height), only fill,
color, size and linetype border (ie the style of how it will be rendered).
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
theme_gridsontop Render Grids on Top
Description
Convenience function to render the major and minor grids on top (or bottom) of the other layers.
By default the grids are rendered in the background (bottom)
Usage
theme_gridsontop()
theme_gridsonbottom()
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
theme_latex Parse Labels w Latex Markup
Description
A series of convenience functions that either enable or disable the use of the latex2exp package for
parsing the various text elements using the TeX method. In many cases, by turning the latex parsing
on, this prevents confusing use of expressions to obtain greeks, superscripts, subscripts etc... Note
that when latex parsing is enabled, this can override specific formatting directives from the element
tree, see the third and fourth example below.
theme_latex 85
Usage
theme_latex(value = TRUE)
theme_showlatex()
theme_nolatex()
theme_hidelatex()
Arguments
value logical as to whether to enable latex parsing or not
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
See Also
TeX
Examples
#Demonstrate without latex parsing

ggtern() +
theme_latex(FALSE) +
labs(title = '\\textit{Plot Title}')
#Same as before, but turn on the latex parsing

last_plot() +
theme_latex(TRUE)
#Demonstrate latex overriding the bold face

ggtern() +
labs(title = '\\textit{Plot Title}') +
theme_latex(TRUE) +
theme('plot.title' = element_text(face='bold'))
#Turn off latex parsing, bold title revealed

last_plot() +
theme_latex(FALSE)
86 theme_mesh
theme_legend_position Position Legend in Convenient Locations
Description
A convenience function to position the legend at various internal positions
Usage
theme_legend_position(x = "topleft")
Arguments
x the position, valid values are topleft, middleleft, bottomleft, topright, middleright
and bottomright, or the shortened versions respecitvely, tl, ml, bl, tr, mr, br
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
theme_mesh Create Grid Mesh
Description
Convenience function for creation of a grid mesh of an ideal number of ’n’ major breaks. Note that
the value of ’n’ is the target number of breaks, and due to the use of the pretty function within
breaks_tern convenience function, may not be strictly adhered or reflected.
Usage
theme_mesh(n = 5, ...)
Arguments
n the ’target’ number of major breaks
... additional arguments to be passed through to tern_limits
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
theme_noarrows 87
Examples
#Default example of a target n=10 mesh
ggtern() +
theme_mesh(10)
#Default example, of a target n=5 mesh, with limiting region

ggtern() +
theme_mesh(5,T=.5,L=.5,R=.5)
theme_noarrows Show or Hide the Ternary Arrows
Description
theme_noarrows is a function that appends to the current theme a flag to switch OFF the ternary
arrows
Usage
theme_noarrows()
theme_hidearrows()
theme_showarrows()
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
theme_nomask Show or Hide the Clipping Mask
Description
Convenience Function to Show or Hide the Clipping Mask, theme_showmask is a function that
appends to the current theme a flag to switch ON the clipping mask, whilst, theme_nomask (or
theme_hidemask) is a function that appends to the current theme a flag to switch OFF the clipping
mask
Usage
theme_nomask()
theme_hidemask()
theme_showmask()
88 theme_novar_tern
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
theme_novar_tern Blank one variable’s annotations in ternary plot
Description
This function blanks the grid and axis elements for one variable in a ternary plot.
Usage
theme_novar_tern(species, ...)
Arguments
species A character giving the species. Choices are "T", "L" and "R", but is not case
sensitive
... Further arguments, including additional selections otherwise used in species
Details
This function takes a user-specified character corresponding to one of the three ternary variables,
and constructs a theme function which adds blank elements for that variable’s grid elements and
axis elements chosen from the ggtern package. This new function is then executed which "adds"
this theme to the open ternary plot.
The logic of the species selection is pretty transparent so it may be possible to customize this
function to add further affected elements as desired. However the computing on the language which
drives this function has not been thoroughly tested. Neither has this function been tested with non-
ternary plots available in the ggplot2 framework.
Value
This function is called for the side effect of adding a theme which actually blanks the grid and axis
elements for the chosen ternary species.
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton, John Szumiloski
Examples
base = ggtern() + theme_rgbg()
base + theme_novar_tern("L")
base + theme_novar_tern(c("T","L"))
base + theme_novar_tern('L',R)
theme_rotate 89
theme_rotate Rotate Ternary Diagram
Description
Convenience function to rotate the diagram by an angle in degrees or radians.
Usage
theme_rotate(degrees = 60, radians = degrees * pi/180)
Arguments
degrees, radians
specify the angle to rotate the plot by in either degrees or radians. If both
degrees and radians are specified, then precedence is given to the radians
argument. If no value is specified, the plot will rotate by 60 degrees
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
Examples
x = ggtern(data.frame(x=1,y=1,z=1),aes(x,y,z))
for(a in seq(0,60,by=15))
print(x + theme_rotate(a))
theme_showgrid Show or Hide Grid
Description
A set of convenience functions to enable or disable the use of major or minor (or both) gridlines.
Usage
theme_showgrid()
theme_hidegrid()
theme_nogrid()
theme_tern_nogrid()
theme_showgrid_major()
90 theme_showgrid
theme_hidegrid_major()
theme_nogrid_major()
theme_tern_nogrid_major()
theme_showgrid_minor()
theme_hidegrid_minor()
Details
These flags operate at the ’rendering’ level, and, supercede the presence of theme elements, there-
fore,
theme_hidegrid(...) or its aliases will PREVENT rendering of grid elements, irrespective of
whether those grid elements are valid (renderable). From the counter perspective,
theme_showgrid(...) or its aliases will ALLOW rendering of grid elements, subject to those grid
elements being valid (renderable, ie say element_line as opposed to element_blank).
theme_hidegrid or theme_nogrid (alias) is a function which disables both MAJOR and MINOR
gridlines.
theme_showgrid_major is a function which enables MAJOR gridlines.
theme_hidegrid_major or theme_nogrid_major (alias) is a function which disables MAJOR
gridlines.
theme_showgrid_major is a function which enables MINOR gridlines.
theme_hidegrid_minor or theme_nogrid_minor (alias) is a function which disables MINOR
gridlines.
theme_showgrid is a function which enables both MAJOR and MINOR gridlines.
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
Examples
#Load data
data(Feldspar)
plot <- ggtern(data=Feldspar,aes(Ab,An,Or)) +
geom_point() + #Layer
theme_bw() #For clarity
plot
plot = plot + theme_hidegrid(); plot
plot + theme_showgrid()
theme_showlabels 91
theme_showlabels Show or Hide Axis Ticklabels
Description
Convenience functions to enable or disable the axis ticklabels
Usage
theme_showlabels()
theme_hidelabels()
theme_nolabels()
Details
theme_showlabels is a function that apends to the current theme a flag to switch ON the axis
ticklabels, whilst theme_hidelabels or theme_nolabels (Alias) are functions that apends to the
current theme a flag to switch OFF the axis ticklabels
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
theme_showprimary Show or Hide the Primary/Secondary Ticks
Description
Convenience functions to enable or disable the axis primary or secondary ticks.
Usage
theme_noprimary()
theme_hideprimary()
theme_showprimary()
theme_nosecondary()
theme_hidesecondary()
theme_showsecondary()
92 theme_showtitles
theme_showticks()
theme_hideticks()
theme_noticks()
Details
In ggtern, the primary ticks are deemed as being the ticks along the binary axis increasing to the
apex species, primary ticks can consist of both major and minor ticks (major ticks have labels, and
are generally longer and bolder). Therefore, there are three (3) sets of major primary ticks, and,
three (3) sets of minor primary ticks.
These convenience functions introduce the concept of secondary ticks, which, are the same items
however on the ’opposing’ binary axis.
For example, considering the TOP apex species, in a plot with ’clockwise’ axis precession, the
primary ticks would run along the LHS, whilst, the secondary ticks, woudl run along the RHS.
By default, the primary ticks are switched ON, whilst the secondary ticks are switched OFF and
are controlled by the tern.axis.ticks.primary.show and tern.axis.ticks.secondary.show
theme elements respectively.
theme_showsecondary is a function that apends to the current theme a flag to switch ON the
secondary ticks theme_showticks(), themehideticks(), theme_noticks() are functions that
switch ON or OFF BOTH the primary or secondary ticks. theme_nosecondary or theme_hidesecondary
(Alias) are functions that apends to the current theme a flag to switch OFF the secondary ticks
theme_showprimary is a function that apends to the current theme a flag to switch ON the primary
ticks theme_noprimary or theme_hideprimary (Alias) are functions that apends to the current
theme a flag to switch OFF the primary ticks
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
Examples
data(Feldspar)
plot <- ggtern(data=Feldspar,aes(Ab,An,Or)) + geom_point() +
theme_showsecondary()
theme_showtitles Show or Hide the Axis (Apex) Titles
Description
Convenience functions to SHOW or HIDE the apex labels.

theme_ticklength 93
Usage
theme_showtitles()
theme_hidetitles()
theme_notitles()
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
Examples
#Load data
data(Feldspar)
ggtern(data=Feldspar,aes(An,Ab,Or)) + geom_point() + theme_bw() + theme_hidetitles()
theme_ticklength Modify the Ticklengths
Description
Convenience Function for changing the major and/or minor ticklengths.
Usage
theme_ticklength(major = NULL, minor = NULL)
theme_ticklength_major(major)
theme_ticklength_minor(minor)
Arguments
major, minor lenth of major and minor ticklengths respectively. Must be a unit object, or will
be ignored.
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
Examples
ggtern() +
theme_ticklength(major = unit(5.0,'mm'),
minor = unit(2.5,'mm'))
94 theme_zoom_X
theme_ticksoutside Place Ticks Inside or Outside
Description
theme_ticksoutside is a function that ensures the ticks are placed OUTSIDE of the plot area,
whereas, theme_ticksinside is a function that ensures the ticks are placed INSIDE of the plot
area (opposite to theme_ticksoutside)
Usage
theme_ticksoutside()
theme_ticksinside()
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
theme_zoom_X Zoom on Plot Region
Description
A series of convenience functions for the zooming in on the middle or apex regions to various
degrees. In these convenience functions, a single value of x is expected, which defines the values of
the apex limits other than the point of reference, for example, theme_zoom_T will fix the T limit at
1, and will adjust the balancing limits according to the argument x. Equivalent are also possible for
the L and R apexes, via the theme_zoom_L and theme_zoom_R functions respectively. Finally, the
theme_zoom_center function will adjust all three apex limits, serving, as the name suggests, to act
as a centred zoom. The examples below are fairly self explanatory.
Usage
theme_zoom_T(x = 1, ...)
theme_zoom_L(x = 1, ...)
theme_zoom_R(x = 1, ...)
theme_zoom_center(x = 1, ...)
Arguments
x numeric scalar
... additional arguments to be passed through to limit_tern
zzz-depreciated 95
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
Examples
#Default Plot
data(Feldspar)
base = ggtern(Feldspar,aes(Ab,An,Or)) +
theme_bw(8) +
geom_density_tern() +
geom_point() +
labs(title="Original")
#Zoom on Left Region

A = base + theme_zoom_L(0.5) + labs(title="theme_zoom_L")
#Zoom on Right Region

B = base + theme_zoom_R(0.5) + labs(title="theme_zoom_R")
#Zoom on Top Region

C = base + theme_zoom_T(0.5) + labs(title="theme_zoom_T")
#Zoom on Center Region

D = base + theme_zoom_center(0.5) + labs(title="theme_zoom_center")
#Put all together for comparisons sake

grid.arrange(arrangeGrob(base),
arrangeGrob(A,B,nrow=1),
arrangeGrob(C,D,nrow=1),
ncol=1, heights=c(2,1,1),
top = "Comparison of Zooming Functions")
zzz-depreciated Depreciated Functions
Description
The following is a list of functions which were once used in previous versions of ggtern, however,
have now been depreciated
DEPRECIATED: tern_stop(...) Internal Function, checks if the most recent coordinate system
is ternary, and, if not, stops the current procedure, with a common message format
DEPRECIATED: clipPolygons(...) Using the using the PolyClip Package, This clips input
polygons for use in the density and contour geometries.
DEPRECIATED: theme_arrowbaseline(...) The ternary arrows can have an offset unit value
(see tern.axis.arrow.sep), however, it is convenient to set this relative to either the axis, ticks or
axis ticklabels (since the latter two can be hidden / removed.). This function permits this to be set
DEPRECIATED: element_ternary(...) Replaced by individual theme elements:
96 zzz-depreciated
1. tern.axis.arrow.show
2. tern.axis.padding
3. tern.axis.arrow.sep
4. tern.axis.arrow.start
5. tern.axis.arrow.finish
6. tern.axis.vshift
7. tern.axis.hshift
8. tern.axis.ticks.length.major
9. tern.axis.ticks.length.minor
DEPRECIATED: ggtern.multi is a function which permits the arrangement of muliple ggtern
or ggplot2 objects, plots can be provided to the elipsis argument, or, as a list and at the simplest
case, the number of columns can be specified. For more advanced usage, consider the layout argu-
ment.
DEPRECIATED: The point.in.sequence function takes numeric input vectors x and y or a
data.frame object, and orders the values in such way that they are correctly sequenced by the
angle subtended between each point, and, the centroid of the total set. If the data is provided in
the format of a data.frame, then it must containing columns named x and y, else an error will be
thrown.
Usage
tern_stop(src = "target")
clipPolygons(
df,
coord,
plyon = c("level", "piece", "group"),
op = "intersection"
)
theme_arrowbaseline(label = "labels")
element_ternary(
showarrows,
padding,
arrowsep,
arrowstart,
arrowfinish,
vshift,
hshift,
ticklength.major,
ticklength.minor
)
ggtern.multi(..., plotlist = NULL, cols = 1, layout = NULL)
point.in.sequence(x, y, ..., df = data.frame(x = x, y = y), close = FALSE)

zzz-depreciated 97
Arguments
src character name of current procedure
df a data frame
coord a ternary coordinate system
plyon items in the data frame to pass to ddply argument
op operation method to clip, intersection, union, minus or xor
label a character (’axis’,’ticks’ or ’labels’) or numeric (rounded to 0, 1 or 2) value to
determine the relative location (labels is default) if a character is provided, and
it is not one of the above, an error will be thrown.
showarrows logical whether to show the axis directional arrows DEPRECIATED
padding the padding around the plot area to make provision for axis labels, ticks and
arrows, relative to the cartesian plane. DEPRECIATED
arrowsep the distance between ternary axis and ternary arrows DEPRECIATED
arrowstart the proportion along the ternary axis to start the directional arrow DEPRECI-
ATED
arrowfinish the proportion along the ternary axis to stop the directional arrow DEPRECI-
ATED
vshift shift the plot area vertically DEPRECIATED
hshift shift the plot area horizontally DEPRECIATED
ticklength.major
the length of the major ternary ticks as an euclidean distance relative to the x
and y limits of the cartesian plot area. DEPRECIATED
ticklength.minor
the length of the minor ternary ticks as an euclidean distance relative to the x
and y limits of the cartesian plot area. DEPRECIATED
... additional arguments, multiple plot objects
plotlist alternative to the ... argument, provide a list of ggplot or grob objects, objects
which do not inherit the ggplot or grob classes will be stripped.
cols number of columns if the layout parameter is not provided.
layout override number of cols, and provide a matrix specifying the layout
x vector of numeric x values
y vector of numeric y values
close logical value (default FALSE), as to whether the set should be closed by adding
(duplicating) the first row (after ordering) to the end of the set.
Details
Used to define the layout of some of the ggtern plot features which are unique to the ternary dia-
grams , and hence, this package.
By default, 1 column is specified, which means that the plots will be stacked on top of each other in
a single column, however, if say 4 plots are provided to the ellipsis or plotlist, with cols equal
to 2, then this will produce a 2 x 2 arrangement.
98 zzz-depreciated
In regards to the layout argument (which overrides the cols argument), if it is something like
matrix(c(1,2,3,3), nrow=2, byrow=TRUE), then plot number 1 will go in the upper left, 2 will go in
the upper right, and 3 will go all the way across the bottom - see the last example below.
The arguments x and y represent cartesian coordinates. This is useful if a path is sought that passes
through each point in the ordered set, however, no two lines in the total path cross over each other.
Uses the atan2 function to determine the angle (theta) between each point (x,y) and the centroid of
the data, it then orders based on increasing values of theta.
Value
data.frame object containing the re-ordered input set.
Author(s)
Nicholas Hamilton
Source
http://www.cookbook-r.com/Graphs/Multiple_graphs_on_one_page_(ggplot2)/
Index
∗ clipping annotation_raster_tern, 6
zzz-depreciated, 95 approved_geom (approved_layers), 7
∗ datasets approved_layers, 7, 72
annotation_raster_tern, 6 approved_position (approved_layers), 7
coord_tern, 11 approved_stat (approved_layers), 7
geom_confidence_tern, 19 arrangeGrob, 9
geom_crosshair_tern, 21 atan2, 98
geom_density_tern, 24 atomic_percent
geom_errorbarX, 27 (ggtern_labels_arrow_suffix),
geom_hex_tern, 30 61
geom_interpolate_tern, 32
geom_label_viewport, 35 bandwidth.nrd, 20, 25, 26
geom_mask, 38 borders(), 20, 23, 25, 28, 31, 34, 36, 40, 42,
geom_mean_ellipse, 38 43, 45, 47, 50
geom_point_swap, 41 breaks_tern, 11, 86
geom_polygon_closed, 42
geom_smooth_tern, 43
character, 60
geom_text_viewport, 46
clipPolygons (zzz-depreciated), 95
geom_tri_tern, 48
colour, 32, 50
geom_Xisoprop, 51
compositions, 38
geom_Xline, 53
constructor (ggtern), 58
position_jitter_tern, 69
convenience_functions
position_nudge_tern, 69
(theme_convenience_functions),
∗ depreciated
82
zzz-depreciated, 95
coord_cartesian(), 71
∗ hplot
coord_tern, 7, 11, 59
ggplot, 55
CoordTern, 73
∗ polygon
zzz-depreciated, 95 CoordTern (coord_tern), 11
∗ position adjustments custom_percent
position_jitter_tern, 69 (ggtern_labels_arrow_suffix),
position_nudge_tern, 69 61
.getFunctions, 4
Data, 13
acomp, 25 data.frame, 96
aes, 4, 4 data_Feldspar, 12
aes(), 19, 22, 24, 28, 31, 33, 36, 39, 41, 43, data_Fragments, 13
44, 46, 49, 51, 54 data_SkyeLava, 15
alpha, 32, 50 data_USDA, 16
annotate, 5, 6 data_WhiteCells, 17
99
100 INDEX
draw_key_crosshair_tern geom_jitter, 7, 8
(draw_key_tern), 18 geom_label, 7, 37
draw_key_Liso (draw_key_tern), 18 geom_label_viewport, 8, 35
draw_key_Lline (draw_key_tern), 18 geom_line, 7
draw_key_Lmark (draw_key_tern), 18 geom_Lisoprop, 8
draw_key_point_swap (draw_key_tern), 18 geom_Lisoprop (geom_Xisoprop), 51
draw_key_Riso (draw_key_tern), 18 geom_Lline, 7
draw_key_Rline (draw_key_tern), 18 geom_Lline (geom_Xline), 53
draw_key_Rmark (draw_key_tern), 18 geom_Lmark, 8
draw_key_tern, 18 geom_Lmark (geom_crosshair_tern), 21
draw_key_Tiso (draw_key_tern), 18 geom_mask, 8, 38
draw_key_Tline (draw_key_tern), 18 geom_mean_ellipse, 8, 38
draw_key_Tmark (draw_key_tern), 18 geom_path, 7
drawMahal, 68 geom_point, 7
geom_point_swap, 8, 41
element_blank, 90 geom_polygon, 8
element_line, 90 geom_polygon_closed, 8, 42
element_rect, 84 geom_raster, 6
element_ternary (zzz-depreciated), 95 geom_rect, 8
expression, 60 geom_Risoprop, 8
geom_Risoprop (geom_Xisoprop), 51
Feldspar (data_Feldspar), 12
geom_Rline, 7
FeldsparRaster (data_Feldspar), 12
geom_Rline (geom_Xline), 53
fill, 32, 50
geom_Rmark, 8
fortify(), 20, 22, 25, 28, 31, 33, 36, 39, 41,
geom_Rmark (geom_crosshair_tern), 21
43, 44, 47, 49, 52, 55, 56, 58
Fragments (data_Fragments), 13 geom_segment, 8, 12
geom_smooth_tern, 8, 43
geom_blank, 8 geom_text, 7, 48
geom_confidence, 8 geom_text_viewport, 8, 46
geom_confidence (geom_confidence_tern), geom_Tisoprop, 8
19 geom_Tisoprop (geom_Xisoprop), 51
geom_confidence_tern, 19 geom_Tline, 7
geom_count, 8 geom_Tline (geom_Xline), 53
geom_crosshair_tern, 8, 21 geom_Tmark, 8
geom_curve, 8 geom_Tmark (geom_crosshair_tern), 21
geom_density_tern, 8, 24 geom_tri_tern, 8, 48
geom_errorbar, 27 geom_vline, 53
geom_errorbarh, 27 geom_Xisoprop, 51
geom_errorbarL, 8 geom_Xline, 53
geom_errorbarL (geom_errorbarX), 27 GeomConfidenceTern
geom_errorbarR, 8 (geom_confidence_tern), 19
geom_errorbarR (geom_errorbarX), 27 GeomCrosshairTern
geom_errorbarT, 8 (geom_crosshair_tern), 21
geom_errorbarT (geom_errorbarX), 27 GeomDensityTern (geom_density_tern), 24
geom_errorbarX, 27 GeomErrorbarl (geom_errorbarX), 27
geom_hex_tern, 8, 30 GeomErrorbarr (geom_errorbarX), 27
geom_hline, 53 GeomErrorbart (geom_errorbarX), 27
geom_interpolate_tern, 8, 32 GeomHexTern (geom_hex_tern), 30
INDEX 101
GeomInterpolateTern label_formatter, 68
(geom_interpolate_tern), 32 labels_tern, 67
GeomLabelViewport labs, 60
(geom_label_viewport), 35 lambda, 71, 72
GeomLisoprop (geom_Xisoprop), 51 Larrowlab (ggtern_labels), 59
GeomLline (geom_Xline), 53 larrowlab (ggtern_labels), 59
GeomLmark (geom_crosshair_tern), 21 latex2exp, 60, 84
GeomMask (geom_mask), 38 layer(), 5, 20, 23, 25, 28, 31, 34, 36, 39, 41,
GeomMeanEllipse (geom_confidence_tern), 43, 45, 47, 49, 52, 55
19 limit_tern, 94
GeomPointSwap (geom_point_swap), 41 limit_tern (tern_limits), 73
GeomPolygonClosed limits_tern (tern_limits), 73
(geom_polygon_closed), 42 linetype, 32, 50
GeomRasterAnnTern linewidth, 32, 50
(annotation_raster_tern), 6 list, 63
GeomRisoprop (geom_Xisoprop), 51 Llab (ggtern_labels), 59
GeomRline (geom_Xline), 53 llab (ggtern_labels), 59
GeomRmark (geom_crosshair_tern), 21 Lline (geom_Xline), 53
GeomSmoothTern (geom_smooth_tern), 43 lline (geom_Xline), 53
GeomTextViewport (geom_text_viewport), logical, 60
46
GeomTisoprop (geom_Xisoprop), 51 mahalanobis_distance, 68
GeomTline (geom_Xline), 53 mgcv::gam(), 34, 45
GeomTmark (geom_crosshair_tern), 21 multi (zzz-depreciated), 95
GeomTriTern (geom_hex_tern), 30 multiplot (zzz-depreciated), 95
getBreaks (breaks_tern), 11
getLabels (labels_tern), 67 numeric, 60
ggplot, 55, 58
ggplot(), 20, 22, 25, 28, 31, 33, 36, 39, 41, percent_atomic
43, 44, 46, 49, 51, 55 (ggtern_labels_arrow_suffix),
ggplot2, 7, 53, 62, 63 61
ggplot_build, 56 percent_custom
ggsave, 57 (ggtern_labels_arrow_suffix),
ggtern, 58 61
ggtern datasets, 16 percent_weight
ggtern-labels (ggtern_labels), 59 (ggtern_labels_arrow_suffix),
ggtern-package (ggtern_package), 62 61
ggtern.multi (zzz-depreciated), 95 plot.ggplot (ggplot), 55
ggtern_labels, 59 point.in.sequence (zzz-depreciated), 95
ggtern_labels_arrow_suffix, 61 polyclip (zzz-depreciated), 95
ggtern_package, 62 position_identity, 9
ggtern_themes, 64, 81 position_jitter_tern, 9, 69, 70
grid, 62 position_nudge_tern, 9, 69, 69
grid.arrange (arrangeGrob), 9 PositionJitterTern
grid.draw.ggplot (ggsave), 57 (position_jitter_tern), 69
grid::arrow(), 23, 28 PositionNudgeTern
group, 32, 50 (position_nudge_tern), 69
predictdf2d, 70
HERE, 58, 62, 63, 82 pretty, 86
102 INDEX
print.ggplot (ggplot), 55 StatDensityTern (geom_density_tern), 24

proto, 62 StatHexTern (geom_hex_tern), 30
StatInterpolateTern
Rarrowlab (ggtern_labels), 59 (geom_interpolate_tern), 32
rarrowlab (ggtern_labels), 59 StatMeanEllipse (geom_mean_ellipse), 38
Rlab (ggtern_labels), 59 stats::loess(), 34, 45
rlab (ggtern_labels), 59 StatSmoothTern (geom_smooth_tern), 43
Rline (geom_Xline), 53 StatTriTern (geom_tri_tern), 48
rline (geom_Xline), 53 strip_unapproved, 72
scale_L_continuous, 74 Tarrowlab (ggtern_labels), 59

scale_L_continuous tarrowlab (ggtern_labels), 59
(scale_X_continuous), 70 tern_anticlockwise (theme_clockwise), 80
scale_R_continuous, 74 tern_clockwise (theme_clockwise), 80
scale_R_continuous tern_counterclockwise
(scale_X_continuous), 70 (theme_clockwise), 80
scale_T_continuous, 74 tern_limit (tern_limits), 73
scale_T_continuous tern_limits, 73, 86
(scale_X_continuous), 70 tern_stop (zzz-depreciated), 95
scale_X_continuous, 70 ternary_transformation, 72
scales::extended_breaks(), 71 TeX, 84, 85
SkyeLava (data_SkyeLava), 15 theme, 75, 78, 84
sprintf, 67 theme_anticlockwise (theme_clockwise),
stat_confidence, 8 80
stat_confidence (geom_confidence_tern), theme_arrowbaseline (zzz-depreciated),
19 95
stat_confidence_tern theme_arrowcustomlength
(geom_confidence_tern), 19 (theme_arrowlength), 78
stat_contour, 21, 40 theme_arrowdefault (theme_arrowlength),
stat_density_tern, 8 78
stat_density_tern (geom_density_tern), theme_arrowlarge (theme_arrowlength), 78
24 theme_arrowlength, 78
stat_hex_tern, 9 theme_arrowlong (theme_arrowlength), 78
stat_hex_tern (geom_hex_tern), 30 theme_arrownormal (theme_arrowlength),
stat_identity, 8 78
stat_interpolate_tern, 9 theme_arrowshort (theme_arrowlength), 78
stat_interpolate_tern theme_arrowsmall (theme_arrowlength), 78
(geom_interpolate_tern), 32 theme_bluedark (ggtern_themes), 64
stat_mean_ellipse, 9 theme_bluedark(...), 81
stat_mean_ellipse (geom_mean_ellipse), theme_bluelight (ggtern_themes), 64
38 theme_bluelight(...), 81
stat_smooth_tern, 8 theme_bordersonbottom
stat_smooth_tern (geom_smooth_tern), 43 (theme_bordersontop), 80
stat_sum, 9 theme_bordersontop, 80
stat_tri_tern, 9 theme_bvbg (ggtern_themes), 64
stat_tri_tern (geom_tri_tern), 48 theme_bvbg(...), 81
stat_unique, 9 theme_bvbw (ggtern_themes), 64
StatConfidenceTern theme_bvbw(...), 81
(geom_confidence_tern), 19 theme_bw (ggtern_themes), 64
INDEX 103
theme_bw(...), 81 theme_minimal (ggtern_themes), 64

theme_classic (ggtern_themes), 64 theme_minimal(...), 81
theme_classic(...), 81 theme_noarrows, 87
theme_clockwise, 80 theme_nogrid (theme_showgrid), 89
theme_complete, 81 theme_nogrid_major (theme_showgrid), 89
theme_convenience theme_nogrid_minor (theme_showgrid), 89
(theme_convenience_functions), theme_nolabels (theme_showlabels), 91
82 theme_nolatex (theme_latex), 84
theme_convenience_functions, 82, 84 theme_nomask, 87
theme_counterclockwise theme_noprimary (theme_showprimary), 91
(theme_clockwise), 80 theme_nosecondary (theme_showprimary),
theme_custom (ggtern_themes), 64 91
theme_dark (ggtern_themes), 64 theme_noticks (theme_showprimary), 91
theme_dark(...), 81 theme_notitles (theme_showtitles), 92
theme_darker (ggtern_themes), 64 theme_novar_tern, 88
theme_darker(...), 81 theme_rgbg (ggtern_themes), 64
theme_elements, 83 theme_rgbg(...), 81
theme_ggtern (ggtern_themes), 64 theme_rgbw (ggtern_themes), 64
theme_gray (ggtern_themes), 64 theme_rgbw(...), 81
theme_gray(...), 81 theme_rotate, 89
theme_gridsonbottom (theme_gridsontop), theme_showarrows, 60, 79
84 theme_showarrows (theme_noarrows), 87
theme_gridsontop, 84 theme_showgrid, 89
theme_hidearrows, 79 theme_showgrid_major (theme_showgrid),
theme_hidearrows (theme_noarrows), 87 89
theme_hidegrid (theme_showgrid), 89 theme_showgrid_minor (theme_showgrid),
theme_hidegrid_major (theme_showgrid), 89
89 theme_showlabels, 91
theme_hidegrid_minor (theme_showgrid), theme_showlatex (theme_latex), 84
89 theme_showmask (theme_nomask), 87
theme_hidelabels (theme_showlabels), 91 theme_showprimary, 91
theme_hidelatex (theme_latex), 84 theme_showsecondary
theme_hidemask (theme_nomask), 87 (theme_showprimary), 91
theme_hideprimary (theme_showprimary), theme_showticks (theme_showprimary), 91
91 theme_showtitles, 92
theme_hidesecondary theme_tern_nogrid (theme_showgrid), 89
(theme_showprimary), 91 theme_tern_nogrid_major
theme_hideticks (theme_showprimary), 91 (theme_showgrid), 89
theme_hidetitles (theme_showtitles), 92 theme_tern_nogrid_minor
theme_latex, 84 (theme_showgrid), 89
theme_legend_position, 86 theme_ticklength, 93
theme_light (ggtern_themes), 64 theme_ticklength_major
theme_light(...), 81 (theme_ticklength), 93
theme_linedraw (ggtern_themes), 64 theme_ticklength_minor
theme_linedraw(...), 81 (theme_ticklength), 93
theme_matrix (ggtern_themes), 64 theme_ticksinside (theme_ticksoutside),
theme_matrix(...), 81 94
theme_mesh, 86 theme_ticksoutside, 94
104 INDEX
theme_tropical (ggtern_themes), 64
theme_tropical(...), 81
theme_void (ggtern_themes), 64
theme_zoom (theme_zoom_X), 94
theme_zoom_center (theme_zoom_X), 94
theme_zoom_L (theme_zoom_X), 94
theme_zoom_M (theme_zoom_X), 94
theme_zoom_R (theme_zoom_X), 94
theme_zoom_T (theme_zoom_X), 94
theme_zoom_X, 94
Tlab (ggtern_labels), 59
tlab (ggtern_labels), 59
Tline (geom_Xline), 53
tline (geom_Xline), 53
tlr2xy, 73
tlr2xy (ternary_transformation), 72
transformation object, 71
USDA (data_USDA), 16
weight_percent, 60
weight_percent
(ggtern_labels_arrow_suffix),
61
WhiteCells (data_WhiteCells), 17
Wlab (ggtern_labels), 59
wlab (ggtern_labels), 59
x, 32, 50
xlab, 59
xy2tlr, 73
xy2tlr (ternary_transformation), 72
y, 32, 50
ylab, 59
zlab (ggtern_labels), 59
zzz-depreciated, 95

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Package ‘ggtern’

March 24, 2024

'theme-rotate.R' 'theme-showgrid.R' 'theme-showlabels.R'

.getFunctions OLD FUNCTIONS new_panel’,’train_layout’,’train_position’,’train_ranges’,’map_position’,’map_

aes Modified Aesthetic Mappings

annotate Create an annotation layer (ggtern version).

approved_layers Approved Geoms, Stats and Positions

arrangeGrob Arrange multiple grobs on a page (ggtern version)

grid.arrange(..., newpage = TRUE)

... grobs, gtables, ggplot or trellis objects

breaks_tern Generate Axis Breaks

coord_tern Ternary Coordinate System

Aesthetics (Required in Each Layer)

data_Feldspar Elkin and Groves Feldspar Data

#Plot Felspar Data

# Plot Feldspar data and Underlying Raster Image

data_Fragments Grantham and Valbel Rock Fragment Data

data_SkyeLava Aichisons Skye Lavas

# Emulate & Enhance plot produced in Fig. 3, pg 7 of:

data_USDA USDA Textural Classification Data

#Load the Data.

#Put tile labels at the midpoint of each tile.

#Construct the plot.

data_WhiteCells Aichisons White Cells

draw_key_tern Key drawing functions

draw_key_Tmark(data, params, size)

draw_key_Lmark(data, params, size)

draw_key_Rmark(data, params, size)

draw_key_Tline(data, params, size)

draw_key_Lline(data, params, size)

draw_key_Rline(data, params, size)

draw_key_Tiso(data, params, size)

draw_key_Liso(data, params, size)

draw_key_Riso(data, params, size)

draw_key_point_swap(data, params, size)

geom_confidence_tern Confidence Interval

mapping Set of aesthetic mappings created by aes(). If specified and inherit.aes =

geom_crosshair_tern Ternary Crosshairs

mapping Set of aesthetic mappings created by aes(). If specified and inherit.aes =

geom_density_tern Density Estimate (ggtern version)

the plot. You must supply mapping if there is no plot mapping.

geom_density_ternunderstands the following aesthetics (required aesthetics are in bold):

#Plot Density Estimate, on isometric log ratio transformation of original data

#Plot Density Estimate w/ Polygon Geometry

geom_errorbarX Ternary Error Bars

geom_errorbarlunderstands the following aesthetics (required aesthetics are in bold):

geom_errorbarrunderstands the following aesthetics (required aesthetics are in bold):

geom_hex_tern Hexbin (ggtern version).

mapping Set of aesthetic mappings created by aes(). If specified and inherit.aes =

#Calculate Mean of variable wt

#Custom functions, for ex. discrete output...

geom_interpolate_tern Ternary Interpolation

use position_jitter), or the result of a call to a position adjustment function.

geom_label_viewport Draw Label at Relative Position on Viewport

geom_mask Apply Manual Clipping Mask

geom_mean_ellipse Mean Ellipse

geom_MeanEllipseunderstands the following aesthetics (required aesthetics are in bold):