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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Particulars Pages No.

List of Table vi-viii

List of Figures ix-x

List of Photograph xi

List of Appendices xii

I INTRODUCTION 1-43

1.1 Skills-Meaning 1-2

1.2 Life Skills 2-3

1.3 Life Skills in Education 3-5

1.4 Need of Life Skills 5-8

1.5 Types of Life Skills 8-9

1.5.1 Self Awareness 9

1.5.2 Empathy 9

1.5.3 Effective Communication 9-10

1.5.4 Interpersonal Relationship 11

1.5.5 Creative Thinking 11

1.5.6 Critical Thinking 11-12

1.5.7 Decision Making 12

1.5.8 Problem Solving 12-13

1.5.9 Coping with Emotions 13-14

1.5.10 Coping with Stress 14

1.6 Strategies to Improve Life Skills 15

1.6.1 Awareness Building 15

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1.6.2 Integration into School Curricula 16

1.6.3 Extracurricular Activities 16

1.6.4 Teaching Methods 16

1.7 Psychological Capital 17

1.7.1 Efficacy 17-18

1.7.1(a).Characteristics of Efficacy 18-19

1.7.1(b) Factor Affecting Efficacy 19-20

1.7.1 (c) Strategies to Improve Students’ 20-21

Efficacy

1.7.2 Optimism 21-23

1.7.2(a) Happiness through Positive 23-24

Thinking

1.7.3 Hope 24-25

1.7.3(a) Benefits of Hope 25

1.7.3(b) Developing the Spirit of Hope 26

1.7.4 Resilience 27-28

1.7.4(a) Resilience Factors 28

1.7.4(b) Strategies for Building Resilience 28-31

1.8 Relationship between Life Skills and Psychological Capital 31

1.9 Well-being 32

1.9.1 Definitions of Well-being 32-34

1.9.2 Well-being in School Students 34-35

1.9.3 Strategies for Improving Well-being 35-37

1.10 Relationship between Life Skills and Well-being 37-38

1.11 Rationale of the Study 38-41

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1.12 Statement of the Problem 41

1.13 Operational Definitions 41-42

1.14 Objective of the Study 42

1.15 Hypotheses of the Study 42-43

1.16 Delimitation of the Study 43

II REVIEW OF RELATED LITRATURE 44-98

2.1 Introduction 44

2.2 Studies Related to Life Skills Intervention 44

2.2.1 Studies within India 44-55

2.2.2 Studies from Abroad 55-64

2.3 Studies Related to Psychological Capital 64

2.3.1 Studies within India 64-69

2.3.2 Studies from Abroad 69-77

2.4 Studies Related to Life Skills Intervention and 77

Psychological Capital

2.4.1 Studies from India 77-80

2.4.2 Studies from Abroad 80-81

2.5 Studies Related to Well-being 81

2.5.1 Studies from India 81-87

2.5.2 Studies from Abroad 87-94

2.6 Studies Related to Life Skills Intervention and Well-being 94

2.6.1 Studies from India 94-95

2.6.2 Studies from Abroad 95-96

2.7 Conclusion 96-98

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III DESIGN AND PROCEDURE 99-148

3.1 Introduction 99

3.2 Research Methodology 99-100

3.3 Variables 100-101

3.4 Population 102

3.5 Sample and Sampling Method 102-103

3.6 Tools Used in the Study 103

3.6.1 Description of Group Test of Intelligence 104-109

3.6.2 Description of the Socio-economic Status Scale 109-115

3.6.3 Description of the Life Skills Assessment Scale 115-117

3.6.4 Description of General Well-being Scale 117-118

3.6.5 Description of Psychological Capital Assessment 118-124

Scale

3.6.6 Description of Life Skills Intervention Program 124-140

3.7 Experimental Procedure 141-147

3.8 Statistical Technique Used 147-148

IV ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 149-169

4.1 To Randomize Experiment Group and Control Group 149-151

4.2 To Assess the Life Skills of 9th Grade Students 152-153

4.3 To Compare the Life Skills of 9th Grade Students 154-157

4.4 To Assess the Psychological Capital of 9th Grade Students 158-159

4.5 To Compare the Psychological Capital of 9th Grade Students 160-163

4.6 To Assess the Well Being of 9th Grade Students 164-165

4.7 To Compare the Well Being of 9th Grade Students 166-169

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V FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, DISCUSSION, EDUCATIONAL 170-178

IMPLICATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH

5.1 Findings of the Study 170-172

5.2 Conclusions and Discussion 172-175

5.3 Educational Implications of the Study 175-177

5.4 Suggestion for Further Research 177-178

SUMMARY 179-196

BIBLOGRAPHY 197-208

APPENDICES i-lxix

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